History and Future Developments of Pipeline Standards

David Willis RSK Group and Chairman BSI Pipeline Committee PSE 17/2
History and Future Developments of Pipeline Standards
How standards are developing
Links between international, European, national and company standards
Keeping standards up to date and reflective of industry custom and practice
The choice of standards and their impact on procurement directives
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How standards are developing
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How standards are developing
Early international standards
Company standards developed by BP, Shell, Exxon and other oil companies
along with guidance by Institute of Petroleum (Model Codes).
Used worldwide and particularly for Middle East post-war oil developments.
CEN EN 1594 - Gas supply systems (pipelines for maximum operating pressure
over 16 bar). Functional requirements. Developed in 1990s and first published in
2000 and still in use.
ASME B31.4 and B31.8 - US standards for liquid and gas (respectively)
transmission and distribution systems. B31 standards originated in 1926 and first
published in 1935. Many changes over time to current editions published in 2002
and 2003 (respectively). Much respected and detailed design guidance.
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How standards are developing
Early UK standards
British Gas TD Series - TD1 covered design of Gas Transmission Pipelines.
Taken over by Institute of Gas Engineers and now published as IGE/TD/1 Steel
Pipelines for High Pressure Gas Transmission (Edition 1 (1977) to Edition 4
(2000)).
Originates from IGE 674 - Recommendations concerning the installation of steel
pipelines for HP gas transmission (1970 to 1977).
CP2010 Code of Practice for steel pipelines on land. Part 1 Installation of
Pipelines on Land (published 1966), Part 2 Design and Construction of steel
pipelines on land (published 1970). Other parts covered asbestos cement and cast
iron pipelines.
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How standards are developing
BS 8010 Parts 2 and 3

The first UK attempt to standardise high-pressure oil and gas pipeline design to reflect
Industry Practice and Guidance for transmission systems.

Developed with assistance and input from oil and gas companies, professional and
technical organisations and the UK Pipelines Inspectorate later to become part of the
Health and Safety Executive.

Considered as suitable guidance for Pipeline Applications covered by UK legislation.

Originally intended for design, construction and installation with Part 2 Pipelines on Land
and Part 3 Pipelines Subsea.

Published in 1993 after nearly 10 years of development.

Not to be confused with CP 2010 Part 2 published in 1970, which was largely superseded
by BS 8010, but is still published and relevant to Category A Fluids non-flammable
water-based fluids.
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How standards are developing
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) Offshore Pipelines

Rules for the Design, Construction and Inspection of Submarine Pipelines and Pipeline
Risers 1976. Intended as rules to supplement national regulations and aimed mainly
at North Sea oil and gas developments.

1976 version replaced by 1981 version, which was not universally liked particularly with
respect to guidance on pipeline stability.

Developed with extensive revisions and published in J anuary 2000 as DNV-OS-F101
Submarine Pipeline Systems. Reprinted in 2003, amended in 2005 and latest publication
dated October 2007.

Much respected and detailed design guidance that is referenced in BS 8010 and other
national standards.
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How standards are developing
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

ISO/TC 67 Technical committee responsible for materials, equipment and offshore
structures for petroleum and natural gas industries. Subcommittee SC 2 Pipeline
transportation systems.

ISO 13623 Petroleum and natural gas industries pipeline transportation systems.
Developed in the 1990s by SC2 and first published in 2000. High-level standard
published in Europe as EN 14161 (explained later). Onshore and offshore.

Developed by work group process with experts nominated to work groups by national
standards organisations.
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How standards are developing
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) continued

ISO 13623 is part of a series of pipeline standards with some still being developed and
covering all aspects of pipelines manufacture, coatings, valves, etc.

Latest in the series published in 2007 is ISO 3183 - Petroleum and natural gas industries
- steel pipe for pipeline transportation systems.

Developed in co-operation with American Petroleum Institute (API) and intended to
replace API 5L.
(Note: Negative response from ISO/CEN Vienna Agreement vote (see later) due to scope
conflicts with BS EN 10208 - 1:1998, Steel pipes for pipelines for combustible fluids, and
in particular with concerns raised by European gas organisations)
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Links between international, European,
national and company standards
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Links between international, European, national and company standards

The World ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

Europe CEN (Comit Europen de Normalisation)

National level e.g. BSI, NSF, AFNOR, DIN, etc.

Company Company or project standards and specifications
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Links between international, European, national and company standards
World (ISO standards for pipelines)

International Standard ISO 13623:2000, Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries, Pipeline
Transportation Systems.

Five-year life cycle review resulted in a revision starting in 2007. Publication of new
version in 2009 (FDIS). See later for main changes.

National adoption is conditional in some countries upon use in conjunction with national
standards.
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Links between international, European, national and company standards
World to Europe: Vienna Agreement

1990 Agreement for technical cooperation between ISO and CEN.

J oint development and publication of international standards by ISO and CEN to avoid
duplication of effort and to achieve transparency of work.

CEN members (30 comprising 27 EU countries plus the national standards organisations
of EFTA countries) are balloted via their national standards organisations (e.g. BSI, NSF,
AFNOR, DIN, etc.).

If 71% of weighted votes of CEN members say yes, ISO-led standards become CEN
standards.
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Links between international, European, national and company standards
World to Europe: Vienna Agreement continued

Votes are weighted according to EU Council of Ministers Treaty of Nice.

For ISO 13623 2000, two ballots were required before a majority was reached and a
modified version became European Standard EN ISO 14161.

Change of number (13623 to 14161) required due to scope conflicts with existing CEN
standards - namely on-land gas pipeline standard EN 1594.

Scope of EN 14161 excludes:
1. Gas pipelines on land; and
2. Pipelines for the transportation of oxygen.
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Links between international, European, national and company standards
Europe to national standard

CEN standards must be implemented as national standards, except where there is a
conflict with national safety laws.

Automatic withdrawal of conflicting national standard (i.e. BS 8010 Part 1 General, Part
2.8 Offshore Pipelines and Part 3 Onshore Pipelines) or, if conflict allows, amendment.

Zero alterations apart from addition of national foreword and notes regarding exclusions
any national additions have to be informative and not normative.

EN 14161 published as national standard (i.e. BS EN 14161 in UK) in 2000. Now needs
revising to catch up with newly revised ISO 13623 2009. This is currently with CEN with
a review under the UAP (Unique Acceptance Process) and the review will lead to a vote
by CEN members anticipated in 2012.
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Links between international, European, national and company standards
Company standards
(Standards for Company or Specific Project Use)

Company standards reflect company policy and preferences.

They can make reference to or be linked directly to company-preferred national or
international standards.

They usually have additional clauses to other standards to reflect company or project-
based specific requirements.

They can be used to show compliance with EU Procurement Regulations (see later).
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Keeping standards up to date and
reflective of industry custom and practice
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Keeping standards up to date and reflective of industry custom and practice
Development and updating process in the UK

Impact of Vienna Agreement and CEN publication of EN 14161 (i.e. ISO 13623 (2000)
excluding gas on land) was that national standards in CEN member countries such as BS
8010 in the UK had to be withdrawal in theory within six months of publication of BS EN
14161.

BS 8010 was first published in 1993 and by 2000 was acknowledged as requiring update
and revisions.

PD (Published Document) developed by BSI and based on BS 8010 for use in
association with ISO 13623 (2000) (published as BS EN 14161).

PD 8010 is harmonised with relevant parts of BS 8010, ISO 13623, IGE/TD/1 and
contains sections covering fatigue and safety criteria.
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Keeping standards up to date and reflective of industry custom and practice
Development and updating process in the UK (continued)

PD 8010 issued as Draft for Public Comment in 2002, final editing for publication to mid
2004 with publication August 2004.

Two main parts (1 and 2): onshore and offshore.

National foreword to BS EN 14161 advises that a more comprehensive approach to the
design of pipelines is possible through using BS EN 14161 in association with PD 8010.

PD 8010 includes transportation of industrial gases, oxygen and gas transmission
pipelines on land.
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Keeping standards up to date and reflective of industry custom and practice
Development and updating process in the UK (continued)
New sections for PD 8010

Part 3: Published in Early 2009: Code of Practice for Pipelines Guide to the application
of pipeline risk assessment to proposed developments in the vicinity of major hazard
pipelines containing flammables Supplement to PD 8010 part 1; and

Part 4: Publication expected in 2011: Guidance on pipeline safety management and
pipeline integrity management.
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Keeping standards up to date and reflective of industry custom and practice
Update and revision of ISO 13623

Latest ISO rules dictate that standards are reviewed initially after three years and
thereafter every five years. Review to confirm that no changes are required or that the
standard is to be revised or withdrawn.

ISO TC67 SC2 recommended revision of ISO 13623 in 2007 and this process was
managed by an international committee called WG13. The redrafting work culminated in
the publication of a revised ISO 13623 in 2009.
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Keeping standards up to date and reflective of industry custom and practice
Update and revision of ISO 13623 (continued)

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, (ISO 13623:2000). The main
revisions include:

replacement of various references to national standards with references to ISO
standards developed since 2000;

replacement of sections on coatings and cathodic protection with ISO references;

revision of design to accommodate line pipe above L555 in the new edition of ISO
3183; the addition of a section on life extension;

recognition of pipeline systems (e.g. including all ancillary parts such as valve and
pigging installation); and

UK contributed a five-member delegation to ISO work group 13 and the submission
of comparison study between PD 8010 and original ISO 13623 (see next slide).
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Keeping standards up to date and reflective of industry custom and practice
Comparison study (PD 8010 and ISO 13623)

Work commission by BSI in 2007 and funded by UK Government.

205-page, clause by clause comparison with observations and recommended actions.

Recommendations colour coded to reflect UK concerns:

Effective equivalence;

Minor discrepancies;

Areas where PD 8010 offers greater detail than ISO 13623;

Areas where ISO 13623 offers greater detail than PD 8010; and

Conflicting/contradictory guidance.
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Keeping standards up to date and reflective of industry custom and practice
Comparison study (PD 8010 and ISO 13623) continued
Main areas of concern for UK:
1. UK practice is 0.3 design factor for populated areas and major crossings (unless risk
assessment justifies higher). Proposed UK solution is that revised ISO 13623 includes
minimum wall thickness to control risk of third party damage.
2. New ISO 13623 includes revised design stress with reason stated as being to maintain
safety factor against bursting. UK position is that SMYS is satisfactory for all steel
grades and that introduction of revised design stress of less than SMYS compromises
the beneficial effects of very high strength steels (X80 to X100).
3. UK practice of using 24 hours for pressure test, compared to 8 hours in revised ISO
13623.
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Keeping standards up to date and reflective of industry custom and practice
Publication of revised ISO 13623

FDIS 13623 was first published in February 2009 with the publication of ISO 13623 in
J une 2009, after the set five month voting process.

FDIS to ISO Process requires ISO members to vote: Abstain , Yes or No. Yes vote has
to be without qualification, No vote can be justified with technical reasons, which will be
filed for the next review. Abstentions are not counted from the 2/3 yes vote majority that
is required or the not more than negative vote.

CEN/CENELEC have now instigated the Unique Acceptance Procedure vote where 71%
positive vote majority is required. Final publication of ISO 13623 as EN 14161 (i.e. ISO
13623 modified with exclusion of gas pipeline on land as previously) is anticipated in
2012.

BSIs response to the publication of the revised BS EN 14161 will be to review PD 8010
Parts 1 and 2. Work is currently underway to raise finance for this and to appoint a work
group under the BSI pipelines committee 17/2.
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The choice of standards and their impact
on procurement directives
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The choice of standards and their impact on procurement directives
UK goal setting approach

UK Government policy is goal setting without
being prescriptive.

Companies, making applications to UK
Government to build pipelines through the
various Acts of Parliament, are required to
demonstrate that their designs meet satisfactory
levels for safety.

The UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is
responsible for enforcing pipeline safety,
onshore and offshore, technically vetting
applications. The HSE has been active with the
development of PD 8010 and its supplements.
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The choice of standards and their impact on procurement directives
EU Procurement Directive

Stems from Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) of the World Trade
Organisation with objective of opening up markets for EU members outside of Europe
and the globalisation of world trade.

Provides legislation to implement the GPA. Latest UK regulations (SI 2006/6) came into
force 31st J anuary 2006.

Tenders, above threshold values, have to be advertised in Official J ournal of European
Communities (OJ EC).
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The choice of standards and their impact on procurement directives
EU Procurement Directive (continued)

Exemptions exist for the energy sector and the offshore oil and gas sector allowing
these sectors to take advantage of a lighter regime that derogates obligations with
regard to technical standards.

For non-exempt projects, technical specifications shall not create unjustifiable obstacles
to the opening up of public procurement to competition (Ref. SI 2006/6).

Following order of preference applies:
1. National standards transposed from European standards;
2. European technical approvals;
3. Common technical approvals;
4. International standards; and
5. Other technical reference systems established by European standardisation bodies.
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The choice of standards and their impact on procurement directives
And finally, the choice is yours

Apart from the EU Procurement Directive, there are no laws in the UK, and in many other
countries, to say what specific standards will be used.

Owners and operators have the final choice and responsibility to meet satisfactory safety
and design criteria.

Standards promote industry best practice and set minimum requirements. Higher or
lower requirements are acceptable if justified.

The development of standards relies on the support of industry and the voluntary work
undertaken by individuals who sit on committees such as UKs BSI PSE 17/2 with whom
responsibility for pipeline standards such as PD 8010, and the processes involving ISO
and CEN, are vested.

Industry should engage with standards and their development, be active in the processes
and lobby for standards to be kept up to date.
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