Childrens Rights: Japan

Executive Summary
Japan is a signatory of many international conventions which aim to protect the rights of children. There are various domestic laws to promote
childrens well-being. Almost all children in Japan are covered by health care insurance. Families with small children which do not have a high
income level can receive an allowance from the government. Local governments support pregnant womens and infants health and give advice to
them. Schools also provide health eaminations. !arents are obliged to have their children attend primary and secondary schools for nine years.
The government provides this mandatory education free of charge. There are provisions which punish acts that harm children" both in special laws
and in the #riminal #ode. There is a $uvenile $ustice system which is separated from the normal criminal $ustice system. %PDF" &'()*+
Introduction
This report lists the international treaties to which Japan is a signatory in the field of children,s rights. -t presents a summary of the relevant
legislation concerning children,s rights" including child health and social welfare" child education" child labor and eploitation" the sale and traffic.ing
of children" and $uvenile $ustice.
Back to Top
Implementation of International Rights of the Child
Japan has ratified the following conventions/
the U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 (CRC!"1#
the $ptional P%otocol to the CRC on the &ale of Child%en' Child P%ostit(tion and Child Po%nog%aph)!"*#
the $ptional P%otocol to the CRC on +nvolve,ent of Child%en in -%,ed Conflict!".#
the +nte%national Covenant on Civil and Political Rights!"/#
the +nte%national Covenant on 0cono,ic' &ocial and C(lt(%al Rights!"1#
the Convention on the 0li,ination of all Fo%,s of Disc%i,ination against 2o,en!"3#
the Convention conce%ning the P%ohi4ition and +,,ediate -ction fo% the 0li,ination of the 2o%st Fo%,s of Child 5a4o(%!"6# and
the Convention conce%ning 7ini,(, -ge fo% -d,ission to 0,plo),ent."8#
Japan has not signed the following conventions/
the 8ag(e Convention on the Civil -spects of +nte%national Child -4d(ction!"9#
the 8ag(e Convention on the P%otection of Child%en in +nte%co(nt%) -doption!"19#
the 8ag(e Convention on :(%isdiction' -pplica4le 5a; and Recognition of Dec%ees Relating to -doptions!"11# o%
the 8ag(e Convention on :(%isdiction' -pplica4le 5a;' Recognition' 0nfo%ce,ent and Co<ope%ation in Respect of Pa%ental Responsi4ilit) and
7eas(%es fo% the P%otection of Child%en."1*#
Back to Top
Child Health and Social Welfare
Japan has a system of universal health coverage. Almost all residents in Japan are covered by health insurance.01.1 !atients can choose to visit
any licensed health care providers. 2or.ing-age adults and children over three years old pay" in general" thirty percent of the cost of treatment.
-nfants under three years old may pay twenty percent of it. Seniors who are seventy years old or older pay ten or twenty percent of it" depending
on their income.01/1 Japan has a system to support pregnant women and infants. The 3other and #hild 4ealth Law obliges municipal
governments to provide counseling service for pregnant women" their spouses" and parents or custodians of infants.0111 2hen the municipal
government deems it necessary" it may dispatch a medical doctor" health care officer" or midwife to a family with a newborn.0131 The municipal
government must arrange health eaminations for children whose ages are between one and one-half and two years old and between three and
four years old.0161 Local governments also give advice to parents with premature babies.0181 -f a family with a premature baby has financial
difficulties" the local government may lend the family money for the infant.0191 The mortality rates in Japan for infants and children under five years
of age are one of the worlds lowest.0*91 Schools also ta.e care of childrens health. Schools must implement measures to maintain and enhance
school childrens health and conduct health chec.-ups.0*11 The education committee of the local government must arrange health chec.s for
children before they enter elementary school at the age of si.0**1 Schools subse5uently conduct annual health chec.-ups for their students.0*.1
*ased on the #hild 2elfare Law" anyone who finds a child who needs protection must report it to the local governments welfare office or child
guidance center.0*/1 #oncerning child abuse" the #hild Abuse !revention Law obliges teachers" medical practitioners" and child welfare officers to
ma.e an effort to detect child abuse cases early.0*11 These offices will investigate the situation of the child. -f necessary" the local government
sends the child to a child guidance center for medical" psychological" or other eaminations.0*31 The local government may give a warning to the
child or its parents or guardian" place the child or its parents or guardian under the guidance of a welfare wor.er" or place the child under foster
care" or in one of various child welfare facilities.0*61
The government provides financial support for low to moderate income families with infants. 2hen a parent has a child who is younger than three
years old" the parent can receive a child allowance from the government unless the parents income is more than the amount specified by the #hild
Allowance Law.0*81 The amount is 6"777 yen 08S9:;1 to &7"777 yen 08S9'<1 per child per month.0*91 The government supports mothers who do
not have spouses and their children. The government lends money to a woman who does not have a spouse and lives with a minor child or
children when the mother starts up a business or .eeps a business" or when the children needs money to attend schools.0.91 A mother without a
spouse also receives a priority when she opens a beauty shop or a .ios. in public facilities" or applies for a license to sell tobacco in public housing
and admission into child care facilities.0.11 2hen a mother or a father without a spouse has a hardship in ta.ing care of daily life due to his or her
illness" the local government may dispatch a helper to his or her house.0.*1
Back to Top
Education
The Japanese #onstitution guarantees childrens rights to an education. The #onstitution provides =All people shall have the right to receive an
e5ual education correspondent to their ability" as provided by law. All people shall be obligated to have all boys and girls under their protection
receive ordinary education as provided for by law. Such compulsory education shall be free.>0..1 !arents are obliged to have their children whose
ages are between si and fifteen receive si years of primary education and three years of secondary education at schools which are authori?ed by
the government.0./1 School tetboo.s are distributed to students for free. The primary and secondary school enrollment ratio in Japan is almost
&77 percent.0.11 School teachers are prohibited from inflicting corporal punishment.0.31
The right to an education is also guaranteed for children with disabilities. The @ducation *asic Law obliges the government to ta.e measures in
order to ma.e sure that children with a disability can receive sufficient education" depending on their disability level.0.61 The local government is
obliged to establish special schools for disabled children" including special schools for the blind" the deaf" the physically disabled" the mentally
retarded" and sic.ly children.0.81 Schools can establish special classes" such as a special class for the physically disabled" the mentally retarded"
children with wea. eyesight or wea. hearing.0.91 The local government provides financial support to parents if it is difficult for them to have their
children attend schools due to financial hardship.0/91
Back to Top
Child a!or and Exploitation
The #onstitution provides that children shall not be eploited.0/11 The Labor Standards Law has provisions to protect child wor.ers. The Labor
Standards Law prohibits employers from employing children until the 3arch ;& immediately following the child becoming fifteen years old.0/*1
3arch ;& is the end of a school year. #hildren are obliged to go to school usually until that time. #hildren thirteen years old or older" however" may
be employed if the labor is light and not in$urious to their health and welfare" and if the employer obtains permission from the local Labor Standards
Administration office.0/.1 #hildren under thirteen years old can be employed only in motion picture production and theatrical performance
enterprises" upon permission of the Labor Standards Administration office.0//1 An employer cannot employ a person under eighteen years old for
etended-hour or night-time wor..0/11 An employer also cannot assign a person under eighteen years old to dangerous wor." e.g., maintenance or
repair of machinery during its operation and mining.0/31
A parent or a guardian cannot ma.e a labor contract for a minor" in this case a person under twenty years old.0/61 This provision aims to prohibit a
parent or guardian from forcing a minor to wor. for a parent or guardians economic benefit. The parent or guardian cannot receive the wages
earned by the minor in place of the minor.0/81

Back to Top
Sale and "raffic#ing of Children
There are several laws which punish or provide measures to prevent the seual eploitation of children and traffic.ing of children" and which
support those victims. Japan is among =tier (> countries in the 8nited States State Aepartment assessment" whose governments do not fully
comply with the 8nited States Traffic.ing Bictims !rotection Act,s minimum standards" but are ma.ing significant efforts to bring themselves into
compliance with those standards.0/91
$% "he a& for 'unishing $cts Related to Child 'rostitution
and Child 'ornography( and for 'rotecting Children
The Law for !unishing Acts Celated to #hild !rostitution and #hild !ornography" and for !rotecting #hildren prohibits child prostitution" providing
child pornography for others and preparation of it" and child traffic.ing for child prostitution purposes.0191 #hild prostitution means the act of
performing seual intercourse or other seual acts %i.e." an act similar to seual intercourse" or an act for the purpose of satisfying ones seual
curiosity" including touching genital organs or other body parts on a child or of ma.ing a child touch ones genital organs or other body parts+ in
return for giving or promising to give remuneration to the child" by the person who acts as an intermediary in seual acts with the child" the
protector of the child %parents" a guardian" or anyone is ta.ing actual care of the child+" or a person who has placed the child under his control.0111
A person who commits child prostitution is punished with imprisonment for up to five years or a fine not in ecess of one million yen 08S9'"<771.01*1
The same punishment is applied for a person who acts as an intermediary in child prostitution or who solicits another person to commit child
prostitution for the purpose of intermediating in child prostitution.01.1
The provisions penali?ing child pornography are also deficient and do not fulfill the international law standards" since they do not penali?e the
possession" import" eport" sale" or offer of child pornographic material. Dor is the distribution of such material through the -nternet or other virtual
means of communication penali?ed.
A person who acts as an intermediary in child prostitution or a person who solicits another person to commit child prostitution for the purpose of
intermediating as his business is punished with imprisonment for up to seven years and a fine not eceeding five million yen 08S9:;"6771.01/1
A person who distributes" sells" or lends" as a business" child pornography is punished with imprisonment for up to three years or a fine not
eceeding three million yen 08S9(E.7771.0111 A person who produces" possesses" transports" imports to or eports from Japan child pornography
for the purpose of conducting any of the acts mentioned in the preceding sentence shall be punished with the same penalty.0131 A person who
distributes child pornography for an unlimited audience or many people" or displays it in public" including the -nternet" is punished with imprisonment
for up to five years andFor a fine not eceeding five million yen 08S9:;"6771.0161
A person who buys or sells a child for the purpose of ma.ing the child be a party to seual intercourse or other seual acts" or for the purpose of
producing child pornography by depicting a child in certain poses is punished with imprisonment for between one and ten years.0181 A Japanese
national who" for any of such purposes" transports a child" who has been abducted" .idnapped" sold" or bought in a foreign country" out of that
country is punished with imprisonment for two years or more.0191
)% a& to Regulate Solicitation of Children through *atching
)usiness via the Internet
Cecently in Japan" some teenage girls voluntarily have been involved in meetingFdating strangers for epensive presents" nice meals" or money. -n
some cases" the girls .now se would be re5uired and still pursue the date" and" in some cases" girls are raped.0391 The government recogni?es
the situation and has ta.en countermeasures. Gne of them was the passage of the Law to Cegulate Solicitation of #hildren through 3atching
*usiness via -nternet. 3atching business sites in the -nternet contributed to child prostitution and the rape of children.0311 3atching business sites
targeted in the law provide websites where users can post advertisements and ma.e their email addresses available for other users. Such
matching business operators are obliged by the law to verify that the user is eighteen years old or older and to specify in the site that a person
under eighteen years old cannot use the site.03*1 -f the matching business operator fails to do so" the !ublic Safety #ommittee of the prefecture
orders them to follow the law.03.1 -f the operator does not follow the order" he or she will be punished with imprisonment for up to si months or a
fine not eceeding one million yen %8S9'"<77+.03/1 The Law also punishes the following acts with a fine not eceeding one million yen %8S9'"<77+/
%&+ soliciting a child for seual intercourse or other seual actsH %(+ soliciting a person who is eighteen years old or older to have seual intercourse
or other seual acts with a childH %;+ soliciting a child for dating by offering compensationH and %:+ soliciting a person who is eighteen years old or
older to have a date with a child if the person pays a fee.0311
C% 'enal Code
A person who" through violence or intimidation" has seual intercourse with a female person of thirteen years of age or older is punished with
imprisonment for between two and twenty years. The same punishment applies to a person who has seual intercourse with a female person less
than thirteen years of age" with or without violence or intimidation.0331 A person who commits rape and thereby .ills or in$ures the victim is punished
with imprisonment for five years or more.0361 A person who" through violence or intimidation" forces a person of thirteen years of age or older to do
any act of a seual nature is punished with imprisonment for between si months and seven years. The same applies to a person who forces a
person under thirteen years of age to do any act of a seual nature" with or without violence or intimidation.0381 2hen such a criminal act has
resulted in the victims death or in$ury" the person is punished with imprisonment for three years or more.0391

A person who buys a minor is punished with imprisonment for between three months and seven years. 0691 -f such sale is made for a commercial
seual eploitation purpose" harming the body of the victim" or .illing the victim" the person is punished with imprisonment for between one and ten
years.0611 The person who sells another person is punished in the same manner.06*1 A person who transports to another country a person who
has been .idnapped or sold is punished with imprisonment for between two and twenty years.06.1
+% Child Welfare a&

The #hild 2elfare Law punishes acts of having a child have se with others or doing other acts of seual nature with imprisonment for ten years or
less andFor fine not eceeding three million yen %8S9(E"777+.06/1 The #hild 2elfare Law also punishes acts of having a child under fifteen years
old go into a bar" a dance hall" a night club" or a restaurant in connection with the childs duty to sell or distribute goods" collecting goods or
providing service" or using a child as an attendant at a table where alcohol is served" with imprisonment for three years or less andFor a fine not
eceeding one million yen %8S9'"<77+.0611 A person who hands over a child ac.nowledging the circumstances that the child will be under the
control of a person who will commit one of the crimes listed in this paragraph will be also punished.0631
E% Child $!use 'revention a&

The #hild Abuse !revention Law prohibits anyone from committing seual acts on a child or having a child do an act of seual nature.0661 The Law
obliges the national and local governments to support children who have been abused or are under ris. of abuse" and to educate their parents and
custodians. *ased on the law" the head of an institution which ta.es care of an abused child" upon the local governments direction" can prohibit
parents and custodians from meeting or contacting the child.0681
Back to Top
Juvenile Justice
The Juvenile Law adopts special measures with respect to the criminal cases of $uveniles. For the criminal cases of $uveniles who are under twenty
years old" the Juvenile Law is applied" instead of the #riminal !rocedure Law. The Family #ourt has primary $urisdiction over such cases.0691
#hildren under fourteen years old" however" are handled primarily by the child guidance center" as provided by the #hild 2elfare Law" when they
have committed acts" which" if committed by a person aged fourteen or over" would constitute a crime. These children under fourteen years old
come under the $urisdiction of the family court only when the governor of the prefecture or the chief of the child guidance center refers them to the
family court.0891
2hen a case is filed in a family court" a $udge assigns the case to a family court probation officer for the investigation.0811 The officer underta.es a
social in5uiry into the personality" personal history" family bac.ground" and environment of the $uvenile. 2hen the $udge decides that the $uvenile
needs to be ta.en into a $uvenile classification home for investigation" the $udge may detain the $uvenile for up to two wee.s. The detention period
may be etended once. -f the case concerns a grave crime" for which the maimum punishment includes capitol punishment or imprisonment" the
detention period can be etended up to eight wee.s.08*1 -f the $uvenile is dissatisfied with the decision about detention measures" the $uvenile and
his or her legal representative or attendant may lodge an ob$ection with the family court.08.1
-nstead of defense counsel" =attendants> of the $uvenile are involved in the family court procedure. A $uvenile and his or her parents or guardians
may appoint up to three attendants with the permission of the family court. -f an attorney is to be appointed as the attendant" no permission by the
court is re5uired.08/1 -n a case where the family court decides the public prosecutor should be involved in the proceedings" an attorney is re5uired
as an attendant on the $uvenile side. -f an attorney is not retained by the $uvenile" the court must appoint an attorney as the attendant.0811
8pon completion of the social in5uiry" the family court probation officer submits a report to the $udge. -f the $udge thin.s that further investigation is
necessary before a determination can be made" the $uvenile may be placed under the supervision of a family court probation officer. Auring this
period of supervision" $uveniles may continue to live with their parents or guardians under conditions imposed by the family court or they may be
placed under a suitable institution" agency" or individual.0831 A public prosecutor may be involved in the proceedings if the family court decides that
it is necessary to prove the facts" that the $uvenile is over fourteen years old" and when he or she has committed crimes resulting in death with
criminal intent or crimes whose statutory penalties include capital punishment or imprisonment for two years or more.0861 !rovisions of the #ode of
#riminal !rocedure are applied for the investigation proceedings so far as the provisions of the #ode are not at variance with the nature of $uvenile
proceedings.0881 The $udge may set a non-public hearing.0891
The $udge may ma.e one of the following decisions/ %&+ to dismiss the caseH %(+ to refer the case to the governor of the prefecture or the chief of the
child guidance centerH %;+ to place the $uvenile under probation" a support facility" or a $uvenile training schoolH and %:+ to refer the case to the public
prosecutor.0991 The last decision can be made when the $uvenile is fourteen years old or over at the time of the criminal acts and when the $udge
finds it is appropriate for the $uvenile to be treated under the regular criminal procedure. As a general rule" when the $uvenile is siteen years old or
over and has caused death by an act done with criminal intent" the court refers him or her to the public prosecutor.0911 2hen the court chooses
decision %;+" the $uvenile may file an appeal of the case to the higher court.09*1
Concluding Remar#s
-t appears that Japan maintains a comprehensive system to protect childrens rights.
Back to Top
For more information on Japan see/
=lo4al 5egal 7onito%> :apan
=(ide to 5a; $nline> :apan
8a4eas Co%p(s Rights> :apan
5egal Resea%ch =(ide> :apan
-%ticle 9 of the Constit(tion> :apan
22++ P$2 and Fo%ced 5a4o% Co,pensation Cases> :apan
!repared by Sayuri 8meda" Foreign Law Specialist
August (77<
1. Convention on the Rights of the Child' T%eat) No. * of 199/. "Back to Te?t#
2. $ptional P%otocol to the CRC on the &ale of Child%en' Child P%ostit(tion and Child Po%nog%aph)' T%eat) No. * of *991. "Back to Te?t#
3. $ptional P%otocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on +nvolve,ent of Child%en in -%,ed Conflict' T%eat) No. 19 of *99/. "Back to
Te?t#
4. +nte%national Covenant on Civil and Political Rights' T%eat) No. 6 of 1969. "Back to Te?t#
5. +nte%national Covenant on 0cono,ic' &ocial and C(lt(%al Rights' T%eat) No. 3 of 1969. "Back to Te?t#
6. Convention on the 0li,ination of all Fo%,s of Disc%i,ination against 2o,en' T%eat) No. *3 of 1981. "Back to Te?t#
7. Convention conce%ning the P%ohi4ition and +,,ediate -ction fo% the 0li,ination of the 2o%st Fo%,s of Child 5a4o(%' T%eat) No 18* of *991.
"Back to Te?t#
8. Convention conce%ning 7ini,(, -ge fo% -d,ission to 0,plo),ent' T%eat) No. 1 of *999. "Back to Te?t#
9. 8ag(e Convention on the Civil -spects of +nte%national Child -4d(ction' $ct. *1' 1989' T.+.-.&. No. 11'369' 1./. U.N.T.&. 89 (1989. "Back to
Te?t#
10. 8ag(e Convention on the P%otection of Child%en and Coope%ation in Respect of +nte%co(nt%) -doption' 7a) *9' 199.' .* +.5.7. 11./ (199.. "Back
to Te?t#
11. 8ag(e Convention on :(%isdiction' -pplica4le 5a; and Recognition of Dec%ees Relating to -doptions' Nov. 11' 1931. "Back to Te?t#
12. Convention on :(%isdiction' -pplica4le 5a;' Recognition' 0nfo%ce,ent and Co<ope%ation in Respect of Pa%ental Responsi4ilit) and 7eas(%es fo% the
P%otection of Child%en' $ct. 19' 1993' .1 +.5.7. 1.91 (1993. "Back t o Te?t #
1.. @ok(,in kenkA hoken hA "National 8ealth +ns(%ance 5a;#' 5a; No. 19* of 1918' as amended' a%ts. 1 and 3. "Back to Te?t#
14. Id. a%t. /*! and @enkA hoken hA "0,plo)ee 8ealth +ns(%ance 5a;#' 5a; No. 69 of 19**' as amended' a%t. 6/. "Back to Te?t#
11. Boshi hoken hA "7othe% and Child 5a;#' 5a; No. 1/1 of 1931' as amended' a%ts. 9 and 19. "Back to Te?t#
16. Id. a%t. 11. "Back to Te?t#
17. Id. a%t. 1*. "Back to Te?t#
18. Id. a%t. 19. "Back to Te?t#
19. Id. a%t. *9. "Back to Te?t#
20. UN+C0F' The &tate of the 2o%ldBs Child%en *996' Ta4le 1. Basic +ndicato%s. "Back to Te?t#
21. =akkA k)Aik( hA "&chool 0d(cation 5a;#' 5a; No. *3 of 19/6' as amended' a%t. 1*. "Back to Te?t#
**. =akkA hoken hA "&chool 8ealth 5a;#' 5a; No. 13 of 1918' as amended' a%t. /. "Back to Te?t#
23. Id. a%t.3. "Back to Te?t#
24. :idA f(k(shi hA "Child 2elfa%e 5a;#' 5a; No. 13/ of 19/6' as amended' a%t. *1. "Back to Te?t#
25. :idA g)ak(tai no 4Ashi tA ni kans(%( hAtits( "Child -4(se P%evention 5a;#' 5a; No. 8* of *999' as amended' a%t. 1. "Back to Te?t#
*3. Child 2elfa%e 5a;' 5a; No. 13/ of 19/6' as amended, a%t. *1<6. "Back to Te?t#
27. Id. a%t. *6. "Back to Te?t#
*8. :idA teate hA "Child -llo;ance 5a;#' 5a; No. 6. of 1961' as amended' a%ts. / and 1. "Back to Te?t#
29. Id. a%t. 3. "Back to Te?t#
.9. Boshi o)o4i kaf( f(k(shi hA "7othe% and Child and 2o,en ;itho(t &po(ses 2elfa%e 5a;#' 5a; No. 1*9 of 193/' as amended' a%t. 1.. "Back to
Te?t#
31. Id. a%t. "Back to Te?t#
32. Id. a%t. 16. "Back to Te?t#
33. Nihon kok( kenpA "Constit(tion of :apan# (19/3' a%t. *3. "Back to Te?t#
34. @)Aik( kihon hA "0d(cation Basic 5a;#' 5a; No. 5a; 1*9 of *993' a%t. 1. &chool 0d(cation 5a;' 5a; No. *3 of 19/6' as amended' a%ts. 16' 19'
**' .1' .6' and .9. "Back to Te?t#
35. UN+C0F' supra note *9' Ta4le 1. "Back to Te?t#
36. &chool 0d(cation 5a;' 5a; No. *3 of 19/6' as amended' a%t. 11. "Back to Te?t#
37. 0d(cation Basic 5a;' id. a%t. /' pa%a. *. "Back to Te?t#
.8. &chool 0d(cation 5a;' 5a; No. *3 of 19/6' as amended' a%t. 6/. "Back to Te?t#
39. Id. a%t. 61. "Back to Te?t#
40. Id. a%ts. *1 and /9. "Back to Te?t#
/1. Constit(tion (19/3' a%t. *6' pa%a. .. "Back to Te?t#
/*. RAdA kiC(n hA "5a4o% &tanda%ds 5a;#' 5a; No. /9 of 19/6' as amended' a%t.13' pa%a. 1. "Back to Te?t#
43. Id. a%t. 13' pa%a. *. "Back to Te?t#
44. Id. "Back to Te?t#
45. Id. a%ts. 39 and 31. "Back to Te?t#
46. Id. a%ts. 3* and 3.. "Back to Te?t#
47. Id. a%t. 18' pa%a. 1. "Back to Te?t#
48. Id. a%t. 19. "Back to Te?t#
49. UN+T0D &T-T0& D0P-RT70NT $F &T-T0' TR-FF+C@+N= +N P0R&$N& R0P$RT *996' *6 (*996. "Back to Te?t#
19. :idA 4aish(n' CidA po%(no ni kaka%( kAi tA no sho4ats( o)o4i CidA no hogo ni kans(%( hA%its( "5a; fo% P(nishing -cts Related to Child P%ostit(tion
and Child Po%nog%aph)' and fo% P%otecting Child%en#' 5a; No. 1* of 1999' as amended. -n (nofficial 0nglish t%anslation of the la; as of 1999 is availa4le at
+nte%polBs ;e4site'http>DD;;;.inte%pol.intDP(4licDChild%enD&e?(al-4(seDNational5a;sDcsa:apan.asp (last visited :(l) .9' *996. The *99/ a,end,ent of the la;
is not %eflected in the t%anslation. "Back to Te?t#
51. Id. a%t. *' pa%a. *. "Back to Te?t#
52. Id. a%t. /. "Back to Te?t#
53. Id. a%t. 1' pa%a. 1 and a%t. 3' pa%a. 1. "Back to Te?t#
54. Id. a%t. 1' pa%a. * and a%t. 3' pa%a. *. "Back to Te?t#
55. Id. a%t. 6' pa%a. 1. "Back to Te?t#
56. Id. a%t. 6' pa%a. *. "Back to Te?t#
57. Id. a%t. 6' pa%a. /. "Back to Te?t#
58. Id. a%t. 8' pa%a. 1. "Back to Te?t#
59. Id. a%t. 8' pa%a. *. "Back to Te?t#
60. &eishAnen ik(sei s(ishin kaigi "Eo(thBs 2ell =%o;th P%o,otion Confe%ence#' FDeai kei saitoG ni kaka%( CidA kaish(n tA no higai ka%a nenshAsha o
,a,o%( ta,eni tA,en kAH( 4eki sochi "7eas(%es to 4e taken in o%de% to p%otect )o(th f%o, child p%ostit(tion in %elation to F7atching 4(siness siteG at this ti,e#
($ct. *1' *99*' available athttp>DD;;;8.cao.go.CpD)o(thDs(isinDdeaikei.ht,l. "Back to Te?t#
61. 0?planation attached to the 4ill of the 5a; to Reg(late &olicitation of Child%en fo% 7atching B(siness via +nte%net. "Back to Te?t#
3*. +nInetto isei shAkai Cig)A o %i)A shite CidA o )Jin s(%( kAi no kisei tA ni kans(%( hA%its( "5a; Conce%ning Reg(lations of -cts of &oliciting Child%en
th%o(gh 7atching B(siness via +nte%net#' 5a; No. 8. of *99.' a%ts. 6 and 8. "Back to Te?t#
63. Id. a%t. 19. "Back to Te?t#
64. Id. a%t. 11. "Back to Te?t#
65. Id. a%t. 13. "Back to Te?t#
33. Penal Code' 5a; No. /1 of 1996' as amended' a%t. 166. "Back to Te?t#
67. Id. a%t. 181' pa%a. *. "Back to Te?t#
68. Id. a%t. 163. "Back to Te?t#
69. Id. a%t. 181' pa%a. 1. "Back to Te?t#
70. Id. a%t **3<*' pa%a. *. "Back to Te?t#
71. Id. a%t **3<*' pa%a. .. "Back to Te?t#
72. Id. a%t **3<*' pa%a. /. "Back to Te?t#
73. Id. a%t. **3<.. "Back to Te?t#
6/. Child 2elfa%e 5a;' 5a; No. 13/ of 19/6' as amended' a%t. 39' pa%a. 1 and a%t. ./' pa%a. 1. ite, 3. "Back to Te?t#
75. Id. a%t. 39' pa%a. * and a%t. ./' pa%a. 1' ite,s /<. and 1. "Back to Te?t#
76. Id. a%t. 39' pa%a. * and a%t. ./' pa%a. 1' ite,s 6. "Back to Te?t#
66. Child -4(se P%evention 5a;' 5a; No. 8* of *999' as amended' a%ts. * and .. "Back to Te?t#
78. Id. a%t. 1*. "Back to Te?t#
69. &hAnen hA ":(venile 5a;#' 5a; No. 138 of 19/8' as amended' a%ts. * and .. "Back to Te?t#
80. Id. a%t. .. "Ba ck to Te?t #
81. Id. a%t. 8. "Back to Te?t#
82. Id. a%t. 16. "Back to Te?t#
83. Id. a%t. 16<*. "Back to Te?t#
84. Id. a%t. 19. "Back to Te?t#
85. Id. a%t. **<.. "Back to Te?t#
86. Id. a%t. 16. "Back to Te?t#
87. Id. a%t. **<*. "Back to Te?t#
88. Id. a%ts. 1/ and 11. "Back to Te?t#
89. Id. a%t. **. "Back to Te?t#
90. Id. a%ts. *. and */. "Back to Te?t#
91. Id. a%t. *9. "Back to Te?t#
92. Id. Chap. *' &ec. .. "Back to Te?t#
Source: http://www.loc.gov/law/help/child-right/!apa".php