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IS 4527 (1968): 2-Nitro-4-Chlorotoluene [PCD 9: Organic
Chemicals Alcohols and Allied Products and Dye
Intermediates]
BI S 2005
B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
IS : 4527- 1968
(Reaffirmed 2000)
Edition 1.1
(2002-03)
Price Group 4
I ndian Standard
SPECI FI CATI ON FOR
2-NI TRO-4-CHLOROTOLUENE
(I ncorporating Amendment No. 1)
UDC 668.811.2 : 668.741.1


IS : 4527 - 1968
B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
I ndian Standard
SPECI FI CATI ON FOR
2-NI TRO-4-CHLOROTOLUENE
Dye I ntermediates Sectional Committee, CDC 46
Chairman Representing
DR B. D. TI LAK National Chemical Laboratory (CSI R), Poona
Members
DR L. K. BEHL I ndian Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Ltd, New Delhi
DR H. L. BAMI ( Alternate)
SHRI J OGI NDER SI NGH Directorate General of Technical Development,
NewDelhi
DR H. KAI WAR I ndian Chemicals Manufacturers Association,
Calcutta
DR G. R. N. SASTRY ( Alternate)
SHRI G. A. KULKARNI Amar Dye-Chem Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. V. DESAI ( Alternate)
SHRI C. C. MANI AR I ndian Dyestuff I ndustries Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. C. MARFATI A The Dyestuffs Manufacturers Association of I ndia,
Bombay
SHRI J . C. I SSRANI ( Alternate)
SHRI S. M. MEHTA The Atul Products Ltd, Atul
SHRI M. V. DESAI ( Alternate)
DR R. J . RATHI Sudarshan Chemical I ndustries Private Ltd, Poona
SHRI K. L. RATHI ( Alternate)
SHRI L. J . RUNDLE I .C.I . (I ndia) Private Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI SANTOKH SI NGH National Chemical I ndustries, New Delhi
SHRI KULWANT SI NGH ( Alternate)
DR H. A. SHAH Development Commissioner, Small Scale I ndustries,
New Delhi
SHRI N. K. SEN ( Alternate)
DR G. S. SI DHU Regional Research Laboratory (CSI R), Hyderabad
DR G. THYAGARAJ AN ( Alternate)
SHRI B. SI NGH Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd, Bombay
SHRI A. D. PATANKAR ( Alternate)
DR D. R. SWAYAMPATI Suhrid Geigy Ltd, Baroda
DR O. P. MI TTAL ( Alternate)
SHRI D. DAS GUPTA,
Director (Chem)
Director General, I SI ( Ex-officio Member )
Secretary
DR A. K. BHATTACHARYA
Deputy Director (Chem), I SI
( Continued on page2 )

IS : 4527- 1968
2
( Continued from page1 )
Drafting Panel for Chloronitro Dye I ntermediates, CDC 46 : P6
Convener Representing
SHRI G. A. KULKARNI Amar Dye-Chem Ltd, Bombay
Members
SHRI SANTOKH SI NGH National Chemical I ndustries, New Delhi
SHRI KULWANT SI NGH ( Alternate)

IS : 4527- 1968
3
I ndian Standard
SPECI FI CATI ON FOR
2-NI TRO-4-CHLOROTOLUENE
0. F O R E W O R D
0.1This I ndian Standard was adopted by the I ndian Standards
I nstitution on 9 J anuary 1968, after the draft finalized by the Dye
I ntermediates Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Chemical Division Council.
0.22-Nitro-4-Chlorotoluene (C
7
H
6
O
2
ClN) is used as diazo component
in the manufacture of dyestuffs of the azo series. I t has the following
structural formula:
0.3This standard is one of a series of I ndian Standards on dye inter-
mediates. A complete list of such standards is given on page 15.
0.4This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (March 2002). Side
bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of
the amendment.
0.5For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with I S : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained
in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value
in this standard.
(CAS No. 89-59-8)
*Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

IS : 4527- 1968
4
1. SCOPE
1.1This standard prescribes the requirements and the methods of
sampling and test for 2-Nitro-4-Chlorotoluene.
2. REQUIREMENT
2.1Description The material shall be in the form of light yellowish
green solid or pale yellowish liquid or a mixture thereof.
2.2The material shall also comply with the requirements given in
Table1.
3. PACKING AND MARKING
3.1PackingUnless otherwise agreed, the material shall be packed
in suitable drums ( see I S : 2552-1963* ).
3.2MarkingThe containers shall be securely closed and shall bear
legibly and indelibly the following information:
3.2.1 The containers may also be marked with the I SI Certification Mark.
NOTE The use of the I SI Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the
I ndian Standards I nstitution (Certification Marks) Act, and the Rules and Regulations
made thereunder. Presence of this mark on products covered by an I ndian Standard
conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements
of that standard, under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control
during production. This system, which is devised and supervised by I SI and operated
by the producer, has the further safeguard that the products as actually marketed are
continuously checked by I SI for conformity to the standard. Details of conditions, under
which a licence for the use of the I SI Certification Mark may be granted to
manufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the I ndian Standards I nstitution.
TABLE 1 REQUIREMENTS FOR 2-NITRO-4-CHLOROTOLUENE
SL
NO.
CHARACTERI STI C REQUI REMENT METHOD OF TEST,
REF TO CL NO. OF
Appendix A I S : 548-1964*
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
i) Crystallizing point, C, Min 33 A-2
ii) Assay, percent by weight, Min 99 A-3
iii) Moisture content, Max 0.5 5.3
iv) Matter insoluble in methanol,
percent by mass, Max
0.2 when tested as per
I S : 5299-2001
*Methods of sampling and test for oils and fats ( revised ).
Calculated on molecular weight 171.6.
*Specification for steel drums (galvanized and ungalvanized).
a) Name of the material;
b) Name of the manufacturer;
c) Batch number; and
d) Net, gross and tare weight.

IS : 4527- 1968
5
4. SAMPLING
4.0Since the material is partly liquid and partly solid, sampling
should be done after melting the entire contents of the container, and
after it is thoroughly mixed in the molten conditions.
4.1The method of drawing representative samples of the material
shall be as prescribed in Appendix B.
5. TEST METHODS
5.1Tests shall be conducted according to the methods prescribed in
Appendix A to this standard and in I S : 548-1964*. References to
relevant clauses of Appendix A are given in col 4 and to I S : 548-1964*
in col 5 of Table1.
5.2Quality of Reagents Unless specified otherwise, pure
chemicals and distilled water ( see I S : 1070-1960 ) shall be employed
in tests.
NOTE Pure chemicals shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities which
affect the results of analysis.
A P P E N D I X A
( Table 1, and Clause 5.1 )
METHODS OF TEST FOR 2-NITRO-4-CHLOROTOLUENE
A-1. SAMPLE FOR TEST
A-1.1The material shall be dried to constant weight over phosphorus
pentoxide in a desiccator. The dried sample shall be used for tests.
A-2. DETERMINATION OF CRYSTALLIZING POINT
A-2.0Outline of the Method The material is melted by heating to
a temperature of about 5C above its melting point. The crystallization
point is recorded as the highest temperature reached during
crystallization of this melted material.
A-2.1 Apparatus
A-2.1.0The apparatus of the shape, dimensions and tolerances given
in Fig. 1 consists of the following.
*Methods of sampling and test for oils and fats ( revised ).
Specification for water, distilled quality ( revised ).

IS : 4527- 1968
6
A-2.1.1Outer Glass Test-Tubeserves as an air jacket and is weighted
with lead shots or a similar loading material. I t is provided with a cork
through which the inner tube ( see A-2.1.2) is held in position.
A-2.1.2I nner Glass Test-Tubefitted with a cork which carries a
stirrer in the form of a loop of glass with a glass stem and the
thermometer placed centrally within the tube and the glass loop. The
bottom of the bulb of the thermometer shall be about 10 mm from the
bottom of the inner tube. The cork is so fixed that the immersion mark
on the thermometer is in level with the top of the cork.
A-2.1.3Cooling Bath 1 000-ml beaker about 150 mm in height. The
level of the cooling liquid in the bath shall be at least as high as the
level of the sample in the inner tube.
A-2.1.4Thermometer The dimensions of the thermometer* shall be as
follows:
*Thermometers with the mark F 75C/100 conform to these requirements ( see B.S.
593 : 1954 ).
Range 24 to 78C
Graduation, at each 0.2C
Longer lines, at each 1C
Partial figuring, at each 2C
Full figuring, at each 10C
I mmersion 100 mm
Thickness of graduation line,
Max
0.10 mm
Overall length, Max 385 mm
Length of main scale, Min 190 mm
Bulb length 15 to 20 mm
Stem diameter 6.0 to 7.5 mm
Distance from bottom of bulb
to bottom of main scale,
Max
125 mm
Distance from bottom of bulb
to top of contraction
chamber, Max
35 mm
Maximum error 0.2C
Maximum error in an interval 0.2/10C
Bulb shape Cylindrical
Bulb diameter Not to exceed, stem diameter
Expansion chamber Elongated or pear-shaped with a
hemispherical top
Top finish Ring

IS : 4527- 1968
7
A-2.1.4.1Any thermometer of similar range and accuracy may be used.
A-2.1.4.2The thermometer shall bear a certificate from the National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi or any other institution authorized by
the Government of I ndia to issue such certificate.
All dimensions in millimetres.
FI G. 1 CRYSTALLI ZI NG POI NT (ASSEMBLY OF APPARATUS)

IS : 4527- 1968
8
A-2.2 Procedure
A-2.2.1Remove the inner tube of the apparatus from its jacket and
introduce about 20 g of the material. I mmerse the tube partially in a
bath having a temperature of about 5C above the crystallizing point of
the material so that the crystals melt, except for a trace necessary for
seeding. Replace the inner tube in its jacket and assemble the
apparatus as shown in Fig. 1, with the cooling bath between 6 and 8C
below the expected crystallizing point.
A-2.2.2Take the thermometer readings at intervals of half a minute,
with continuous and gentle stirring. The highest temperature reached
during solidification is regarded as the crystallizing point. Usual
thermometer corrections shall be made.
A-2.2.3I f supercooling should take place as shown by the rise in
temperature, the constant temperature should be observed
immediately after the temperature-rise. A temperature-rise of 1C
shall be regarded as the maximum allowable.
A-2.2.4I f a constant temperature is not obtained over the first five
readings after the rise in temperature, six readings shall be taken
commencing with the point at which the maximum temperature is
first attained. The readings shall be plotted on a graph paper against
time intervals and a straight line drawn to lie evenly between the first
and second and between the fifth and sixth of the six points just
mentioned. This line shall be produced backwards until it intersects
the portion of the curve before the temperature-rise. The point of
intersection shall in this case be taken as the crystallizing point.
A-3. ASSAY
A-3.0Outline of the Method The nitro group is reduced with zinc
and concentrated hydrochloric acid. The resulting amine is then
titrated (diazotized) with standard sodium nitrite solution, using
starch-iodide paper as an indicator.
A-3.1 Reagents
A-3.1.1Acitic Acid Analytical reagent grade.
A-3.1.2Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid see I S : 265-1962*.
A-3.1.3Zinc Dust
A-3.1.4Potassium Bromide see I S : 2797-1964.
*Hydrochloric acid ( revised ).
Specification for potassium bromide.

IS : 4527- 1968
9
A-3.1.5Starch-I odide Test Papers
A-3.1.6 Standard Sodium Nitrite Solution 0.2 N, freshly standardized.
A-3.1.6.1Preparation of the solution Weigh accurately 13.8 g of the
sodium nitrite, analytical reagent quality, and transfer into a 1 000-ml
volumetric flask. Dissolve it in the requisite quantity of water by
gently shaking and then make up the volume.
A-3.1.6.2Standardization of the sodium nitrite
A-3.2ProcedureWeigh accurately about 1.2 g of the material into
a 250-ml beaker. Dissolve completely in 40 ml of acetic acid, dilute with
10 ml of distilled water. Cool to 0 to 5C by adding crushed ice. Add 5 g
of zinc dust and 20 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and let the
sample react for 30 minutes at this temperature. Stir frequently. Add
another 5 g of zinc dust and 15 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid,
reduce for 30 minutes at the same temperature with frequent stirring.
Repeat the above operation for the third time. Filter the reduced
solution through a filter paper into a 600-ml beaker and wash with
a) Weigh accurately 4.3 g of the sulphanilic acid, analytical reagent
quality, and transfer into a 250-ml volumetric flask. Dissolve it
in the requisite quantity of water by gently shaking and then
make up the volume. Pipette 50 ml of the solution into a beaker.
Alternatively weigh out accurately 0.85 g of the sulphanilic acid
into a beaker and dissolve in the requisite amount of water.
b) Add 25 ml of hydrochloric acid to the solution. I mmerse the beaker
in chopped ice and water until the temperature is about 5C. This
is to lower the chances for loss of nitrous acid. While stirring
mechanically, titrate with sodium nitrite solution which is added
through a thistle funnel the end of which is well inside the solution,
as rapidly as the spot test will permit. The end point is reached
when an immediate blue coloured ring appears on a starchiodide
test paper which may be obtained repeatedly during the period of
10 minutes without the further addition of sodium nitrite solution.
c) Calculate the exact strength of the sodium nitrite by using the
following formula:
Normality of sodium nitrite solution
where
N =Normality of standard sulphanilic acid solution,
V =Volume in ml of sodium nitrite solution required for the
titration.
N 50
V
----------------- =

IS : 4527- 1968
10
water until a volume of 250 ml is collected. Add 5 g of potassium
bromide and 20 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Cool to about 0 to
5C with crushed ice and titrate with standard sodium nitrite solution
which is added through a thistle funnel the end of which is well inside
the solution, as rapidly as the spot test will permit. The end point is
reached when an immediate blue coloured ring appears on starch
iodide test paper which may be obtained repeatedly during the period
of 10 minutes without the further addition of sodium nitrite solution.
A-3.3 Calculation
where
A P P E N D I X B
( Clause 4.1 )
SAMPLING OF 2-NITRO-4-CHLOROTOLUENE
B-1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE SAMPLING
B-1.0I n drawing, preparing, storing and handling test samples, the
following precautions and directions shall be observed.
B-1.1Samples shall be taken at a place protected from damp air, dust
and soot.
B-1.2Sampling instrument shall be clean and dry.
B-1.3Precautions shall be taken to protect the samples, the material
being sampled, the sampling instrument, and the containers for
samples from adventitious contamination.
B-1.4To draw a representative sample, the contents of each container,
selected for sampling, shall be mixed, as thoroughly as possible, by
suitable means.
B-1.5The samples shall be placed in clean, dry and air-tight glass or
other suitable containers on which the material has no action.
Assay, percent by weight (calculated
on molecular weight 171.6)
=
V = volume in ml of standard sodium nitrite solution,
N = normality of standard sodium nitrite solution, and
W = weight in g of sample taken for the test.
17.16 V N
W
------------------------------------

IS : 4527- 1968
11
B-1.6The sample containers shall be of such a size that they are
almost completely filled by the sample.
B-1.7Each sample container shall be sealed air-tight after filling and
marked with full details of sampling, the date of sampling, year of
manufacture, and other important particulars of the consignment.
B-1.8Samples shall be stored in a cool and dry place.
B-2. SAMPLING INSTRUMENT
B-2.0The following forms of sampling instruments may be used:
a) Sampling bottle or can for taking samples from various depths in
large tanks, and
b) Sampling tube.
B-2.1Sampling Bottle or Can I t consists of a weighted bottle or
metal container with removable stopper or top, to which is attached a
light chain ( see Fig. 2 ). The bottle or can is fastened to a suitable pole.
For taking a sample, it is lowered in the tank to the required depth,
and the stopper or top is removed by means of the chain for filling the
container.
FI G. 2 SAMPLI NG BOTTLE OR CAN

IS : 4527- 1968
12
B-2.2Sampling TubeI t is made of metal or thick glass and is
about 20 to 40 mm in diameter and 400 to 800 mm in length ( see
Fig. 3 ). The upper and lower ends are conical and reach 5 to 10 mm
diameter at the narrow ends. Handling is facilitated by two rings at
the upper end. For taking a sample, the apparatus is first closed at the
top with the thumb or a stopper and lowered until the desired depth is
reached. I t is then opened for a short time to admit the material and
finally closed and withdrawn.
B-2.2.1For small containers, the size of the sampling tube may be
altered suitably.
FI G. 3 SAMPLI NG TUBE

IS : 4527- 1968
13
B-3. SCALE OF SAMPLING
B-3.1Lot All the containers in a single consignment of the material
drawn from a single batch of manufacture shall constitute a lot. I f a
consignment is declared or known to consist of containers pertaining to
different batches of manufacture, then the containers belonging to the
same batch of manufacture shall be grouped together and each such
group shall constitute a separate lot.
B-3.2For ascertaining the conformity of the lot to the requirements of
this specification, tests shall be carried out for each lot separately. The
number ( n ) of containers to be selected for drawing the samples shall
depend upon the sizes ( N ) of the lot and shall be in accordance with
Table2 given below:
B-3.3These containers shall be selected at random from the lot and to
ensure the randomness of selection, random number tables shall be
used. I n case, such tables are not available, the following procedure
may be adopted:
Starting from any container, count them in one order as 1, 2,
3, .................., up to r and so on, where r is the integral part of N/n
( N being the lot size and n being the number of containers to be
selected ). Every rth container thus counted shall be withdrawn to
give sample for test.
TABLE 2 NUMBER OF CONTAINERS TO BE SELECTED FOR SAMPLING
LOT SI ZE NO. OF CONTAI NERS TO
BE SELECTED
N n
(1) (2)
4 to 15 3
16 ,, 40 4
41 ,, 65 5
66 ,, 110 6
111 ,, 200 7
201 and above 8
NOTE When the size of the lot is 3 or less, all the containers shall be sampled.

IS : 4527- 1968
14
B-4. TEST SAMPLE AND REFEREE SAMPLE
B-4.1From each of the containers selected as in B-3.2, draw with an
appropriate sampling implement small portions of the material from
different parts of the container. The total quantity so drawn from each
of the containers shall be a little more than thrice the quantity
required for testing purposes.
B-4.2Mix thoroughly all the portions of the material drawn from the
same container to give a representative sample for the container.
B-4.3From the samples ( see B-4.2) representing different containers
selected in B-3.2, a small but equal quantity of material shall be taken
and thoroughly mixed to form a composite sample, which shall be divided
into three equal parts, one for the purchaser, another for the supplier and
the third for the referee.
B-4.4The remaining portion of the material in each sample ( see B-4.2)
from each different container shall be divided into three equal parts, each
forming an individual sample. One set of individual samples
representing the n containers selected shall be for the purchaser, another
for the supplier and the third for the referee.
B-4.5All the individual and composite samples shall be transferred to
separate container. These containers shall then be sealed air-tight with
stoppers and labelled with full identification particulars given in B-1.7.
Care shall be taken not to expose the sample to acid and alkali fumes.
B-4.6The referee samples consisting of a composite sample and a set
of n individual samples, shall bear the seals of both the purchaser and
the supplier and shall be kept at a place agreed to between the two.
This shall be used in case of any dispute between the two.
B-5. NUMBER OF TESTS
B-5.1Assay and test for the determination of crystallizing point shall
be conducted on each of the individual samples ( see B-4.4) separately.
B-5.2Tests for the determination of moisture content shall be
conducted on the composite sample ( see B-4.3).
B-6. CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY
B-6.1For Individual Samples The lot shall be declared as
conforming to the requirements of assay and crystallizing point, if each
of individual test results as obtained in B-5.1, satisfies the corresponding
requirements given in Table1.
B-6.2 For Composite Sample The lot shall be declared as conforming
to the requirement of moisture content, if the test results as obtained
in B-5.2, satisfy the corresponding requirement given in Table1.

I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S
ON
Dye Intermediates
I S:
2630-1964 Nitrobenzene, technical
2740-1964 Sulphanilic acid, technical
2741-1964 -naphthol
2744-1964 -naphthylamine
2833-1964 Aniline, technical
3229-1965 Naphthionic acid (sodium salt)
3242-1965 -oxynaphthoic acid (bon acid)
3562-1965 p-nitrotoluene, technical
4265-1967 4-4 diaminostilbene 2-2' disulphonic acid
4334-1967 o-chloroaniline
4335-1967 m-chloroaniline
4336-1967 p-choroaniline
4525-1968 p-aminoacetanilide ( under print )
4526-1968 2,5-dichloroaniline
4527-1968 2-nitro-4-chlorotoluene

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Review of Indian Standards
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Additions.
This I ndian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee: CDC 46 and amended by PCD 11
Amendments Issued Since Publication
Amend No. Date of Issue
Amd. No. 1 March 2002
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