1

TUTORIAL 3A
1. For each of the following, identify the Bronsted-Lowry acid, the Bronsted-Lowry base, the conjugate acid
and the conjugate base
a. H
2
CO
3
(aq) + H
2
O (l) H3O
+
(aq) + HCO3
-
(aq)
b. NH
3
(aq) + H
2
O (l) NH
4
+
(aq) + OH
-
(aq)
c. HNO
3
(aq) + H
2
O (l) H
3
O
+
(aq) + NO
3
-
(aq)
d. C
5
H
5
N (aq) + H
2
O (l) C
5
H
5
NH
+
(aq) + OH
-
(aq)

2. Write the formula for the conjugate base of each of the following acids
a. HCl c. HCHO
2

b. H
2
SO
3
d. HF
3. Write the formula for the conjugate acid of each of the following bases
a. NH
3
c. HSO
4
-

b. ClO
4
-
d. CO
3
2-


4. Complete the following table
[H
3
O
+
] [OH
-
] pH Acidic / Basic
a. 3.15
b. 3.7 x 10
-9

c. 11.1
d. 1.6 x 10
-11

e. 3.5 x 10
-3

f. 3.8 x 10
-7

g. 7.15

(a. 7.1 x 10
-4
, 1.4 x 10
-11
; b. 2.7 x 10
-6
, 8.43 ; c. 7.9 x 10
-12
, 1.3 x 10
-3
; d. 6.3 x 10
-4
, 3.20 ; e. 2.86 x 10
-12
,
2.46 ; f. 2.6 x 10
-8
, 7.58 ; g. 7.1 x 10
-8
, 1.4 x 10
-7
)

5. What mass of HI should be present in 0.25 L of solution to obtain a solution with pH of 1.25?
(1.8 g)

6. What mass of HClO
4
should be present in 0.50 L of solution to obtain a solution with pOH of 13.5?
(15.87 g)

7. Determine the [H
3
O
+
] and pH of a 0.10 M solution of benzoic acid?
([H
3
O
+
] = 5.9 x 10
-3
M, pH = 2.23)

8. Determine the pH of a 0.01 M HNO
2
solution (pH = 2.71)

9. A 0.185 M solution of a weak acid (HA) has a pH of 2.95. Calculate the acid ionization constant (K
a
) for the
acid (K
a
= 6.82 x 10
-2
)

2

10. If 15.0 mL of glacial acetic acid (pure HC
2
H
3
O
2
) is diluted to 1.5 L with water, what is the pH of the resulting
solution? (density of glacial acetic acid is 1.05 g/mL)
(pH = 2.75)
11. Find the pH each of the following solutions of mixtures of acids
a. 0.115 M HBr and 0.125 M HCHO
2
(pH = 0.94)
b. 0.02 M HBr and 0.015 M HClO
4
(pH = 1.46)
c. 0.05 M acetic acid and 0.05 M hydrocyanic acid (pH = 3.02)
d. 0.185 M HCHO
2
and 0.225 M HC
2
H
3
O
2
(pH = 2.11)

12. Write equations showing how each of the following weak bases ionizes water to form OH-. Also write the
corresponding expression for K
b

a. NH
3

b. HCO
3
-

c. C
6
H
5
NH
2


13. Caffeine (C
8
H
10
N
4
O
2
) is a weak base with a pK
a
of 10.4. Calculate the pH of a solution containing a caffeine
concentration of 455mg/ L (pH = 7.49)

14. Morphine is a weak base. A 0.15 M solution of morphine has a pH of 10.5. What is K
b
for morphine?
(K
b
= 6.67 x 10
-7
)

15. Which of the following act as weak bases in solution? For those ions that are basic, write an equation that
shows how the anion acts as a base
a. Br
-

b. ClO
-

c. C
7
H
5
O
2
-

d. NO
3
-


16. Determine whether each of the following cations is acidic or pH neutral. For those cations that are acidic,
write an equation that shows how the cation acts as an acid
a. NH
4
+

b. Co
3+

c. Li
+

d. C
5
H
5
NH
3
+


17. Determine whether each of the following salts will form a solution that is acidic, basic or pH neutral
a. FeCl
3
(acidic)
b. CaBr
2
(neutral)
c. NH
4
Br (acidic)
d. C
2
H
5
NH
3
NO
3
(acidic)

18. Arrange the following solutions in order of increasing acidity
NaCl , NH
4
Cl , NaHCO
3
, NH
4
ClO
2
, NaOH
(NaOH < NaHCO
3
< NaCl < NH
4
ClO
2
< NH
4
Cl)

19. Calculate the concentration of all species in a 0.15 M KF solution
([HF] = [OH
-
] = 2.07 x 10
-6
M; [H
+
] = 4.89 x 10
-9
M; [K
+
] = [F
-
] = 0.15 M)
3

20. Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base from among the reactants in each of the following equations
a. Fe
+
(aq) + 6H
2
O (l) Fe(H
2
O)
6
3+
(aq)
b. Zn
2+
(aq) + 4NH
3
(aq) Zn(NH
3
)
4
2+
(aq)
c. AlBr
3
(aq) + NH
3
(aq) H
3
NAlBr
3
(aq)

21. Common aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid, which has the structure shown below and a pK
a
of 3.5
C
C
C
C
H
CH
3
CH
O C
H
H
O
C
O O
H
H
Calculate the pH of a solution of 6.5 x 10
2
mg aspirin dissolved in 0.2376 L of water (pH = 2.69)

22. The pH of a 1.0 M solution of urea (a weak organic base) is 7.05. Calculate the K
a
of protonated urea.
(K
a
= 0.797)

23. Solve an equilibrium problem (using ICE table) to calculate pH of 0.12 M NH
3
and 0.18 M NH
4
Cl
(pH = 9.08)

24. Using Henderson-Hasselbach equation to calculate pH of 10.0 g HC
2
H
3
O
2
and 10.0 g NaC
2
H
3
O
2
in 150.0 mL
of solution (pH = 4.60)

25. Calculate the ratio of CH
3
NH
2
to CH
3
NH
3
Cl concentration required to create a buffer with pH = 10.24
(K
b
= 4.4 x 10
-4
) (2.5)

26. What mass of ammonium chloride should be added to 2.55 L of a 0.155 M NH
3
in order to obtain a buffer
with a pH of 9.55 (10.8 g)

27. Determine whether or not the mixing of each of the two solutions indicated below will result in a buffer
a. 100.0 mL of 0.10 M NH
3
; 100.0 mL of 0.15 M NH
4
Cl
b. 50.0 mL of 0.10 M HCl ; 35.0 mL of 0.15 M NaOH
c. 175.0 mL of 0.10 M NH
3
; 150.0 mL of 0.12 M NaOH
d. 125.0 mL of 0.15 M CH
3
NH
2
; 120.0 mL of 0.25 M CH
3
NH
3
Cl

28. Two 20.0 mL samples: 0.20 M KOH and 0.20 M CH
3
NH
2
were titrated with 0.10 M HI.
a. What is the volume of added acid at the equivalence point for each titration
(V KOH = 40 mL; V CH
3
NH
2
= 40 mL)
b. Predict whether the pH at equivalence point for each titration will be acidic, basic or neutral
(KOH + HI: neutral; CH
3
NH
2
+ HI: acidic)
c. Predict which titration curve will have the lower initial pH (CH
3
NH
2
)
d. Make a rough sketch of each titration curve

29. Consider the following curve for the titration of a weak monoprotic acid with a strong base (please refer
the graph from your text book, page 768 question 65)
a. What is the pH and what is the volume of added base at equivalence point (V 30 mL; pH 9)
b. At what volume of added base does pH = pKa? (V 15 mL)
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c. Beyond what volume of added base is the pH calculated by focusing on the amount of excess strong
base added? (> 30 mL)

30. Consider the titration of a 35.0 mL of 0.175 M HBr with 0.20 M KOH. Determine each of the following
a. Initial pH (pH = 0.757)
b. The volume of added base required to reach equivalence point (30.625 mL)
c. pH at 10.0 mL of added base (pH = 1.036)
d. pH at equivalence point (pH = 7)
e. pH after adding 5.0 mL of base beyond the equivalence point (pH = 12.152)

31. Consider the following titration curves for two weak acids, both titrated with 0.10 M NaOH (please refer
the graph from your text book, page 769 question 75)
a. Which of the two acid solutions is more concentrated? (A)
b. Which of the two acids has the larger Ka? (B)

32. Consider the titration of a 25.0 mL of 0.115 M RbOH with 0.10 M HCl. Determine each of the following
a. Initial pH (pH = 13.06)
b. The volume of added acid required to reach equivalence point (28.75 mL)
c. pH at 5.0 mL of added acid (pH = 12.89)
d. pH at equivalence point (pH = 7)
e. pH after adding 5.0 mL of acid beyond the equivalence point (pH = 2.07)

33. Consider the titration of a 20.0 mL of 0.105 M HC
2
H
3
O
2
with 0.125 M NaOH. Determine each of the
following
a. Initial pH (pH = 2.86)
b. The volume of added base required to reach equivalence point (16.8 mL)
c. pH at 5.0 mL of added base (pH = 4.37)
d. pH at one-half of the equivalence point (pH = 4.74)
e. pH at equivalence point (pH = 8.75)
f. pH after adding 5.0 mL of base beyond the equivalence point (pH = 12.18)

34. Consider the titration of a 25.0 mL of 0.175 M CH
3
NH
2
with 0.15 M HBr. Determine each of the following
a. Initial pH (pH = 11.94)
b. The volume of added acid required to reach equivalence point (29.17 mL)
c. pH at 5.0 mL of added acid (pH = 11.32)
d. pH at equivalence point (pH = 5.87)
e. pH after adding 5.0 mL of acid beyond the equivalence point (pH = 1.90)

35. A 20.0 mL of 0.115 M sulfurous acid (H
2
SO
3
) solution was titrated with 0.1014 M KOH. At what added
volume of base solution does equivalence point occur? (V = 22.68 mL)

36. A solution is made by combining 10.0 mL of 17.5 M acetic acid with 5.54 g of sodium acetate and diluting
to a total volume of 1.50 L. Calculate the pH of the solution (pH = 4.33)

37. A 0.5224 g sample of unknown monoprotic acid was titrated with 0.0998 M NaOH. The equivalence point
of the titration occurs at 23.82 mL. Determine the molar mass of the unknown acid (220 g/mol)

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38. A 0.25 mol sample of a weak acid with an unknown pK
a
was combined with 10.0 mL of 3.0 M KOH and the
resulting solution was diluted to 1.5 L. The measured pH of the solution was 3.85. What is the pK
a
of the
weak acid? (pK
a
= 4.72)

39. A 25.0 mL volume of sodium hydroxide solution requires 19.6 mL of a 0.189 M HCl for neutralization. A
10.0 mL volume of phosphoric acid solution requires 34.9 mL of the sodium hydroxide solution for
complete neutralization. Calculate the concentration of the phosphoric acid solution (0.172 M)