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PERTEMUAN 1 : PENDAHULUAN

Pendahuluan
Dasar Struktur Geologi
Analisis geometri Struktur Geologi
Analisis Kinematik
Analisis Dinamik
Strain dan Stress
J oint dan Fracture
Fault
Fold
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Kehadiran
Tugas
Laboratorium+ Praktek Lapang
UTS
UAS
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Davis, G.H., and
Reynolds, S.J . Structural
Geology of Rocks and
Region, 3th Edition
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Understand and anticipate natural hazards (1995 Kobe Earthquake)
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Types of oil traps
(Keller, 2002)
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Understand beauty
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Study of the architecture and geometry of the Earths
crust and processes which have shaped it
Geometry (shape, orientation, position, size, etc.)
The geometry of geologic structures (such as faults,
folds, joints, intrusive bodies, ect.)
How these structures form (their relationship to applied
stress)
Their significance to the geologic history of an area
Their relationship to plate-tectonic motions
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Analysis of changes in shape of rock bodies (strain)
produced by tectonic forces (stress)
Strain is synonymous with deformation.
Deformation: change in shape and/or volume in a rock
mass
What was the rock like before deformation?
What forces were required to deform the rock?
How long and in what order did deformation events
proceed?
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Analysis of changes in shape of rock bodies (strain)
produced by tectonic forces (stress)
stress strain
Primary structure (horizontal
bedding)
Secondary (tectonic) structure
(folds, faults)
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Any definable shape or fabric in a rock
Primary structures
Secondary (tectonic) structures
Structural geology mainly focusses on tectonic structures
Primary structure-current ripples Secondary (tectonic) structure
folding
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Primary Structures: structures that are produced during
formation of rock body.
Depositional contact
Unconformable contact
Cross bedding
Vesicles in basalt
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Secondary structures: structures produced after the rock
body that they affect.
Fault contacts
Folds
J oints and shear fractures
Tectonic fabric (cleavage, foliation and/or lineation)
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Structural analysis generally involves three tasks :
1. Descriptive Analysis : physical and geometrical
description of rock structures (e.g. folds, faults etc)
Recognizing,
describing structures, and
measuring their locations, geometries, and orientations.
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Structural analysis generally involves three tasks :
2. Kinematic Analysis : evaluation of the displacement and
change in shape, orientation and size that rock undergo
as a result of deformation
Interpretation of the deformational movements in a rock mass
necessary to produce deformational structures.
Translation (described by a linear vector)
Rotation (described by axis, amount and sense of rotation)
Dilation (Volume change; +V= volume gain)
Distortion (change in shape)
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Structural analysis generally involves three tasks :
3. Dynamic Analysis : reconstruct forces and stresses which
result in rock deformation and failure
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Microscopic
Mesoscopic
Megascopic
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Microscopic deformation structures occurring at level
of individual mineral grains
Cleavage domains, folds
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Mesoscopic structures at hand-specimen to outcrop
scales.
e.g. fractures, small faults, folds
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Megascopic deformation affecting entire regions
e.g. fold and thrust belts, domes
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Observations of naturally
deformed rocks:
Map-scale
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Observations of naturally
deformed rocks:
Outcrop-scale
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Observations of deformed
rocks: Micro-scale
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Patterson deformation rig at the
University of Minnesota
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Structure map constructin and interpreation
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Fundamentals of
analysis of
geologic
structures (folds,
faults, fractures)
Streographic
analysis of rock
structures
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Rheology and mechanics of brittle and ductile failure of
geological materials
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Field mapping skills, structural measurements
Orientation analysis of structural data
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Subsurface oil and gas exploration
Mining exploration
Geotechnical investigations
Groundwater and environmental site assessment
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Davis, G.H., and
Reynolds, S.J . Structural
Geology of Rocks and
Region, 3th Edition
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