2006 2007 Chem Review (to present)

Name _________________
Date ________
Teacher ________________________
True/Fase
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
____ 1. Crystallization is a separation technique used to produce rock candy from a sugar solution.
____ 2. A carbonated beverage that contains carbon dioxide gas in a solution is an example of a liquidgas system.
____ !. "ea#ater is a substance.
____ $. %n the notation & 1'( represents the atomic number and $( represents the atomic mass of silver.
____ ). All noble gases have the same valence electron configuration.
____ *. +he kineticmolecular theory assumes that the distance bet#een the particles of a gas is so large that there are
no significant attractive or repulsive forces.
____ (. ,hen the molecules of gases are heated& the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases.
____ -. +he intermolecular force bet#een molecules of oxygen is dipoledipole in nature.
!utipe Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ .. A bottle contains !.1'' m/ of a liquid. +he total mass of the bottle and the liquid together is *.!'' g. +he
mass of the empty bottle is $.2$' g. ,hat is the density of the liquid0
a
.
'.**) g1m/ c
.
1.)') g1m/
b
.
1.!*- g1m/ d
.
2.'!2 g1m/
____ 1'. According to rounding rules for addition& the sum of 2(.1& !$.)!-& and !(.*- is ____.
a
.
...!1- c
.
...!1
b
.
...! d
.
..
____ 11. +he product of 2 1'
$
cm and $ 1'
212
cm& expressed in scientific notation is ____.
a
.
- 1'
2(
cm c
.
- 1'
2-
cm
b
.
* 1'
2-
cm d
.
- 1'
2$-
cm
____ 12. 3atter that has a uniform and unchanging composition is kno#n as a4n5 ____.
a
.
compound c
.
mixture
b
.
element d
.
substance
____ 1!. +he la# of conservation of mass states that during a chemical reaction& total mass is ____.
a
.
created c
.
destroyed
b
.
the same d
.
utilized
____ 1$. ,hich technique uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid0
a
.
Chromatography c
.
6istillation
b
.
Crystallization d
.
7iltration
____ 1). ,hich of the follo#ing substances is an element0
a
.
8aking soda c
.
"alt
b
.
%ron d
.
"ugar
____ 1*. A (*.''g sample of an unkno#n compound contains 12..' g of sulphur. ,hat is the percentage by mass of
sulphur in the compound0
a
.
'.1( 9 c
.
*!.1' 9
b
.
1*..( 9 d
.
--..' 9
____ 1(. 8romine element occurs in the ____ state at room temperature.
a
.
gaseous c
.
plasma
b
.
liquid d
.
solid
____ 1-. An industrially important element contains 2* electrons and rusts in the presence of air and moisture. %dentify
the element.
a
.
Aluminum c
.
:otassium
b
.
%ron d
.
"odium
____ 1.. ;o# many valence electrons are present in silicon0
a
.
<ne c
.
7our
b +#o d "ix
. .
____ 2'. ,hich of the follo#ing elements is a metal0
a
.
8oron c
.
3agnesium
b
.
=itrogen d
.
Carbon
____ 21. ,hat happens #hen a hydrogen atom acts like a nonmetal in a chemical reaction0
a
.
%t gains an electron. c
.
%t loses an electron.
b
.
%t loses a neutron. d
.
%t gains a neutron.
____ 22. ,hich of the follo#ing is an alkaline earth metal0
a
.
"odium c
.
%ron
b
.
:otassium d
.
8eryllium
____ 2!. ,hat are the different forms of an element in the same physical state but #ith different structures and
properties called0
a
.
3etals c
.
<res
b
.
3inerals d
.
Allotropes
____ 2$. ,hich allotrope of carbon has a threedimensional solid structure0
a
.
Coal c
.
>raphite
b
.
6iamond d
.
>ranite
____ 2). ,hat happens to the electron configuration of hydrogen #hen it reacts #ith a metal0
a
.
%t gains an electron. c
.
%t remains unaffected.
b
.
%t loses an electron. d
.
%t loses t#o electrons.
____ 2*. 7luorine belongs to group (A. ;o# many covalent bonds are formed bet#een t#o fluorine atoms0
a
.
1 c
.
!
b
.
2 d
.
$
____ 2(. %f the electronegativity of ; is 2.2' and of Cl is !.))& #hich type of bond is formed bet#een ; and Cl& #hen
they form hydrogen chloride0
a
.
%onic c
.
Covalent
b
.
:olar ionic d
.
:olar covalent
____ 2-. ,hat type of reaction takes place #hen fluorine reacts #ith sodium bromide0
72 ? =a8r
a
.
"inglereplacement c
.
Combination
b
.
6oublereplacement d
.
6ecomposition
____ 2.. ,hat is the probable product of a doublereplacement reaction0
a
.
A ne# compound and the replaced metal
b
.
A ne# compound and the replaced nonmetal
c
.
+#o different compounds
d
.
A single compound
____ !'. An aqueous solution of magnesium hydroxide is mixed #ith aqueous copper chloride. ,ill a visible reaction
occur0 3g4<;524aq5 ? CuCl24aq5
a
.
=o& solid magnesium chloride is soluble in #ater.
b
.
=o& solid copper chloride is soluble in #ater.
c
.
@es& solid copper hydroxide #ill precipitate out of solution.
d
.
@es& magnesium chloride #ill precipitate out of solution.
____ !1. ,hat is the "% base unit used to measure the amount of a substance0
a
.
Aelvin c
.
3eter
b
.
Ailogram d
.
3ole
____ !2. Calculate the number of molecules in $.' mol ;2<.
a
.
'.*' 1'
2!
molecules c
.
2.$ 1'
22!
molecules
b
.
2.$ 1'
2$
molecules d
.
2.$ 1'
2!
molecules
____ !!. ;o# many moles of Ag contain $.$. 1'
2!
atoms Ag0
a
.
'.($) 1'
2$
mol c
.
'.($) mol
b
.
'.($) 1'
2!
mol d
.
2(.' mol
____ !$. Copper 4Cu5 is a transition element used in the making of coins. Calculate the mass in grams of '.'$2' moles
of copper.
a
.
'.''*.( g c
.
2.*( g
b
.
'.2)2 g d
.
*.*1 g
____ !). 6etermine the mass in grams of '.'$-. mol cobalt.
a
.
'.''-12 g c
.
2.-- g
b
.
'.2.$ g d
.
'.'''-!' g
____ !*. ;o# many moles of calcium are in $2) g calcium 4Ca50
a
.
1'.* mol c
.
1(1 mol
b
.
('.) mol d
.
2)) mol
____ !(. ,hat is the molar mass of Ca4<;520
a
.
)(.''- g1mol c
.
(!.'-- g1mol
b
.
(!.'-' g1mol d
.
($.'.2 g1mol
____ !-. ,hat is the mass of 2.2) moles of sulfuric acid 4;2"<$50
a
.
)'.' g c
.
112 g
b
.
.-.' g d
.
22' g
____ !.. ;o# many grams of potassium permanganate are in 2.2' moles0
a
.
)!.2 g c
.
2$2 g
b
.
1)- g d
.
!$( g
____ $'. <n heating ).'! g of hydrated barium chloride& $.2! g is left behind. ,hat is the name of this hydrate0
a
.
8arium chloride dihydrate c
.
8arium chloride tetrahydrate
b
.
8arium chloride trihydrate d
.
8arium chloride pentahydrate
____ $1. ;o# many grams of #ater are produced #hen 2.)' mol oxygen reacts #ith hydrogen0
a
.
'.2(( g c
.
$).' g
b
.
22.) g d
.
.'.' g
____ $2. ,hat is the mass of potassium chloride #hen 2.)' g of potassium reacts #ith excess of chlorine gas0
2A ? Cl2 2ACl
a
.
$.(( g c
.
..)2 g
b
.
-.)( g d
.
(2- g
____ $!. 7our liters of gas at atmospheric pressure is compressed into a '.-) / gas cylinder. ,hat is the pressure of the
compressed gas if its temperature remains constant0
a
.
'.1) atm c
.
!.$ atm
b
.
'.21 atm d
.
$.( atm
____ $$. ,hen a bicycle reaches the top of a hill #ith a tire volume of '.-' /& the atmospheric pressure is ..' atm.
,hat is the maximum volume of air that can be filled in the tire Bust before it bursts0
a
.
'.'-- / c
.
-.. /
b
.
1.2 / d
.
11 /
____ $). A balloon is filled #ith !.)' / of #ater at 2$.'CC and 2.2( atm. %f the balloon is placed outdoors on a hot day
at a temperature of !$.'CC& #hat is the volume of the balloon at constant pressure0
a
.
2.$( / c
.
!.*1 /
b
.
!.!- / d
.
-.1. /
____ $*. +he volume of a 2$.'g sample of methane gas is 22.- / at $'.'CC and $.'' atm. ,hat #ill its volume be at
*-.'CC and $.'' atm0
a
.
2'.. / c
.
!-.( /
b
.
2$.- / d
.
$'.- /
____ $(. A sample of carbon dioxide occupies a 2.)$ dm
!
container at "+:. ,hat is the volume of the gas at a pressure
of 1)'.' k:a and a temperature of 2*.'CC0
a
.
'.1-' dm
!
c
.
2.2$ dm
!
b 1.-- dm
!
d $.*) dm
!
. .
____ $-. A diver finds the best corals at a depth of approximately 1'.' m. +he diverDs lung capacity is 2.$' /. +he air
temperature is !2.'CC and the pressure is 1'1.!' k:a. ,hat is the volume of the diverDs lungs at 1'.'' m& at a
temperature of 21.'CC& and a pressure of 1$1.2' k:a0
a
.
1.12 / c
.
1.(- /
b
.
1.** / d
.
$.-* /
____ $.. ,hat is the product of ray emission from a radioactive isotope of lead0
a
.
+hallium c
.
8ismuth
b
.
3ercury d
.
/ead
____ )'. ,hat is the reason for the decay of naturally radioactive elements0
a
.
+o reduce the number of neutrons as the elements lie above the band of stability.
b
.
+o reduce the number of protons as the elements lie belo# the band of stability.
c
.
+o reduce the number of either neutrons or protons to lie in the band of stability.
d
.
+o release the energy from nucleus in the form of gamma radiation.
____ )1. %n radioactive decay& is converted to #ith the emission of Eray photon. ,hat is the nature of
decay0
a
.
8eta decay c
.
:ositron emission
b
.
Flectron capture d
.
>amma emission
____ )2. ,hich element on bombarding #ith an alpha particle gives 0
a
.
c
.
b
.
d
.
Competion
Complete each statement.
)!. A process that involves one or more substances changing into ne# substances is kno#n as a
____________________ change.
)$. Cutting a sheet of paper is an example of a ____________________ change.
)). A ____________________ property enables a substance to combine #ith or change into one or more
substances.
)*. "ugar is a ____________________ form of matter #ith a definite shape and volume.
)(. A ____________________ is a subatomic particle that has mass nearly equal to that of a proton& but it carries
no electrical charge.
)-. Atoms #ith the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called ____________________.
).. Granium is a naturally occurring element that emits particles and rays spontaneously through a process called
_____________________.
*'. +he number of protons in an atom is called the ____________________ of the element.
*1. +he arrangement of electrons in an atom is called the ____________________ of an atom.
*2. +he group 2A elements are kno#n as ____________________ metals.
*!. Flements that have physical and chemical properties of both metals and nonmetals are kno#n as
____________________.
*$. ,ith an increase in the ionization energy& the reactivity of a nonmetal __________________.
*). Chemical bond formation may take place due to the interaction bet#een a4n5 ____________________ and an
anion.
**. An ionic bond results due to the ____________________ attraction bet#een t#o oppositely charged ions.
*(. +he name of the anion is ____________________.
*-. %n the electron sea model& it is proposed that all the metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their
____________________ electrons to form a sea of electrons.
*.. ,hen a chemical bond is formed& the constituent atoms acquire the valence electron configuration of noble
gases called ____________________.
('. %n naming the compound :Cl & the prefix used #ith the second element is ____________________.
(1. +he second part of the name of the compound =7 is ____________________.
(2. 7orest fire releases energy in the form of ____________________ and ____________________.
(!. A chemical reaction in #hich t#o or more substances react to produce a single product is called a4n5
____________________ reaction.
($. A chemical reaction in #hich oxygen combines #ith a substance and releases energy in the form of heat and
light is called a4n5 ____________________ reaction.
(). A reaction in #hich the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound is called
a4n5 ____________________ reaction.
(*. %n an aqueous solution& the solvent is al#ays ____________________.
((. AvogadroDs number ____________________ determines the volume of one mole of a gas.
(-. A compound that has specific number of #ater molecules bound to its atoms is kno#n as a4n5
____________________.
(.. At boiling point& the ____________________ pressure over a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure.
-'. 6uring the deposition process by #hich atmospheric carbon dioxide undergoes a phase change to form solid
carbon dioxide& energy is ____________________.
-1. ,hen a liquid is insoluble in another liquid& the liquids are said to be ____________________.
-2. A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent is said to be ____________________ in that solvent.
-!. +he maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and
pressure is called ____________________.
-$. A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution is called the
____________________ of the solution.
-). +he energy stored in a substance due to its composition is called ____________________ potential energy.
-*. +he rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source are called ____________________.
-(. +he ____________________ is a nuclear reactor that uses plutonium as the chief fuel& but produces more fuel
than it can consume.
"hort #nswer
--. Convert *'' mg to grams.
-.. ;o# many significant digits are there in *.'2! 1'
2!
molecules0
.'. ,hat do you understand by the term atomic mass unit 4amu50
.1. %dentify the element containing !$ protons.
.2. ;o# is light produced in neon signs0
.!. ,hat is the ground state electron configuration of chlorine and the number of valence electrons in it0
.$. ,rite the noble gas form of the electron configuration and the electron dot structure of sodium and oxygen.
.). ,hy is argon placed before potassium in the modern periodic table0
.*. ,hy do elements in the same group have similar properties0
.(. ,hy is the size of a sodium ion 4=a
?
5 less than that of a sodium atom 4=a50
.-. 6efine ionization energy.
... Flements in groups 1A and 2A in the periodic table form positively charged ions by loss of electrons. ,hat
#ill be the charge on an atom& if it belongs to group 1A0
1''. Flements in groups )A& *A& and (A in the periodic table form negatively charged ions by gain of electrons.
,hat #ill be the charge on an atom& if it belongs to group *A0
1'1. +he charge on the polyatomic ion& =<2& is 12. ,hat #ill be the formula of one formula unit of a compound
bet#een =<2 and 8e0
1'2. Ammonia is formed #ith one nitrogen and three hydrogen atoms. ,hat is the electron configuration of
nitrogen0 ;o# many lone pairs of electrons are present in nitrogen in an ammonia molecule0
1'!. +he melting point of sugar is lo#er than that of common salt. ,hat type of bonding can you predict for each
compound0 ,hat type of force acts among the ions or molecules in the t#o compounds0
1'$. 6efine a chemical reaction.
1'). 6efine a decomposition reaction.
1'*. ,hat is a mole ratio0
1'(. 8alance the follo#ing equation and determine the possible mole ratios.
1'-. Fxplain #hy #ater has a higher boiling point than methane even though they have comparable molar masses.
1'.. 6escribe the basic assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory of gases that confirm the ideal behavior of
gases.
11'. 6uring both evaporation and boiling& a liquid changes to a gas. ;o# is the boiling of liquid related to the
evaporation process0
111. ,hat is the relationship bet#een temperature and solubility of substances0
112. Fxplain #hy a soft drink loses its fizz after it has been open and left #ithout a lid on its container.
11!. Fxplain #hy boiling point elevation is considered a colligative property.
11$. ,rite the balanced nuclear equations for the radioactive decay of G2!- to G2!$.
11). "tate t#o main reasons #hy fusion reactions are not yet commercially viable.
$ro%em
11*. A vessel contains !' m/ of #ater. A sample of ).' g of copper metal is dropped into this vessel& raising the
level of #ater in it to $' m/. ,hat is the density of the copper sample0
11(. A student reports three trials to determine the density of an article and records the data as sho#n in table
belo#. +he accepted value of density is 2.)) g1m/. Calculate the percent error in each trial.
Tria "tu&ent Data (Densit' in (/m))
1 2.)$
2 2.)*
! 2.)(
11-. +#o different compounds are formed by the elements copper and hydrogen. +he first compound& compound
F& contains $2..'9 by mass copper and )(.129 by mass hydrogen. +he second compound& compound 7&
contains 2(.!'9 by mass copper and (2.-(9 by mass hydrogen. ,hat is the ratio of copper to a fixed mass
of hydrogen for the t#o compounds0
11.. Complete the follo#ing tableH
Flement =umber of
protons
=umber of
electrons
=umber of
neutrons
Atomic
number
3ass number
"odium 11 12
:hosphorus 1) !1
Cobalt 2( !2
8romine !) -'
"ilver *1 $(
12'. An element E has t#o naturally occurring isotopesH E(. 4abundance I )'.*.9& mass I (-..1- amu5 and E
-1 4abundance I $..!19& mass I -'..1( amu5. Calculate the #eighted atomic mass of E. Also& identify the
unkno#n element #hich exists as a reddishbro#n gas and is a liquid at room temperature.
121. An element E has three naturally occurring isotopesH E2$& E2)& and E2*. +he atomic mass of E2) is
2$..-* amu and the relative abundance is 1'.'' 9. +he atomic mass of E2* is 2)..-2 amu and the relative
abundance is 11.'1 9.>iven that the #eighted atomic mass of the element E is 2$.!')& calculate the mass
contribution due to the isotope E2$ and identify the element.
122. Calculate the number of protons& electrons& and neutrons in an atom of the element :b #ith mass number 2'(
and atomic number -2.
12!. /ead contains -2 protons and 12) neutrons. ,rite the shortened notation of the element #ith its symbol&
atomic number& and mass number.
12$. Complete the nuclear equations for the isotopes given in the table belo#H
%sotope 6ecay =uclear equation
Carbon 1$ beta
Jadium 22* alpha
Granium 2!- alpha and gamma
12). ;o# many electrons are present in the third principal quantum number of an atom0
12*. ,rite the ground state electron configuration of sulfur and dra# its electrondot structure.
12(. +#o elements A and 8 have atomic numbers - and 1( respectively. %dentify their groups in the periodic table.
12-. An element has similar chemical properties as oxygen and selenium. %t has an atomic number greater than
krypton but less than iodine. Gse the periodic table to identify the element.
12.. Arrange the elements given belo# in the increasing order of their atomic size.
Flement A 1s
2
2s
2
2p
*
Flement 8 1s
2
2s
2
Flement C 1s
2
2s
2
2p
*
!s
1
Flement 6 1s
2
2s
2
2p
!
1!'. ,rite the electron dot structure of the element of (A group and third period.
1!1. Ascorbic acid is used to improve the nutrient content of crops. %t is composed of !*.2'9 carbon& $..'9
hydrogen& and $-..'9 oxygen. +he molar mass of ascorbic acid is 1(*.' g1mol. 6etermine the empirical and
molecular formulas for ascorbic acid.
1!2. ,hat is the density of a gas at "+: that has a molar mass of )'.' g1mol0
1!!. Calculate the molarity of a solution containing '.2 mol of sodium hydroxide dissolved in '.) / of #ater.
1!$. ;o# much heat is absorbed by 1).) g of #ater #hen its temperature is increased from 2'.'CC to )'.'CC0 +he
specific heat of #ater is $.1-$ K14g CC5.
1!). A 2!.'g sample of #ater is put into a calorimeter and heated until its temperature increases from !1.'CC to
*-.'CC. %f the specific heat of #ater is $.1- K14g CC5& calculate the heat absorbed by #ater.
1!*. Calculate the heat required to melt *$.' g of solid methanol& given that the molar enthalpy of fusion is !.22
kK1mol and the molar mass of methanol is !2.' g.
1!(. A radioactive compound cobalt*' has a halflife of )2(2.' years. ,hat #ill be the amount remaining in a
1''.'g sample after 1*''.' years0
1!-. An -'.'g sample of a radioactive compound& radium22*& is reduced to )(.! g in (-2 years. ,hat is the half
life of the compound0
*ssa'
1!.. /ithium is a reactive metal that reacts #ith oxygen to form an oxide.
a. ;o# many valence electrons does lithium have0
b. ;o# many electrons does lithium lose or gain to achieve a stable octet configuration0
c. ,hat is the formula of lithium oxide0
1$'. Jadiotracers find #ide applications in modern medicine& especially in the treatment of thyroid gland.
a. ,hich is the radioisotope used in the treatment of thyroid cancer0
b. =ame the hormone made by the thyroid gland.
c. ;o# is the radiotracer administered to treat thyroid disorder0