Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC)

Seminar Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Chapter No Description Page No

1 INTRODUCTION 1-3
11 !enera" 1
1# $ethodo"og% 3
13 Ob&ecti'es of pro&ect report 3
# ()P(RI$(NT*+ ,OR- .-1/
#1 !enera" .
## $ateria"s .
#3 $i0 design for FRSCC
/
#. Testing methods
13
3 *N*+1SIS OF R(SU+TS 12
31 !enera"
12
3# ,or3abi"it%
12
. CONC+USIONS 14
R(F(R(NC(S #5
1
ABSTRACT
In modern da% constr6ction practice7 repair and rehabi"itation of str6ct6res has
ta3en a prominent ro"e $ortar p"a%s a 'ita" part in these 8or3s *s s6ch7 the f"o8abi"it%
of mortar can be an added ad'antage 8hen inaccessibi"it% comes into pict6re "i3e in case
of congested reinforcement or narro8 crac3s or fiss6res D6e to the app"ication easiness
and mechanica" ad'antages7 Se"f Compacting $ortar is preferred for repair p6rposes
especia""% in reinforced concrete str6ct6res these da%s The cement as 8e"" as the
ingredients of the paste7 minera" admi0t6res 9po::o"anic or inert nat6re; and p"astici:ing
chemica" admi0t6res sho6"d be caref6""% chosen in order to obtain a s6itab"e paste
composition to enrich the gran6"ar composition of the mi0 There is no 6ni'ersa""%
accepted agreement on the effect of these factors d6e to the comp"e0it% of combined
action< th6s7 it is hard to ma3e a genera"i:ation
Compared to fiber reinforced concrete 9FRC;7 se"f-compacting concrete 9SCC; i a
re"ati'e"% ne8 t%pe of concrete 8ith high f"o8abi"it% and good cohesi'eness It offers
'er% attracti'e economica" and technica" benefits7 8hich can be f6rther e0tended 8hen
combined 8ith FRC. In this artic"e stee" fibers 8ere 6sed in the se"f compacting concrete
#
and the 8or3abi"it% of concrete is determined 8ith 'ario6s fiber contents b% 6sing f"o8
test and compaction factor test
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1. GENERAL:
Self-Compacti! Coc"ete
=% ad&6sting the aggregate content and 6sing a combination of chemica" and
minera" admi0t6res7 se"f-compacting concrete mi0es beha'e in a manner not norma""%
obser'ed in standard concrete These admi0t6res7 t%pica""% consisting of high-range
8ater-red6cing 9>R,R7 or s6perp"astici:ing; and 'iscosit%-modif%ing admi0t6res7 meet
the re?6irements of *ST$ C.4. Fi""er materia"s are often 6sed for rep"acing some of
the aggregates and modif%ing the 'iscosit% >igh doses of >R,R prod6ce a mi0 8ith
high f"6idit% and a""o8 for a red6ced 8ater-po8der ratio ,itho6t a 'iscosit%-modif%ing
admi0t6re7 the mi0t6re 8o6"d tend to segregate >o8e'er7 the 'iscosit%-modif%ing
admi0t6re enhances the 'iscosit% of the mi0t6re7 8hich red6ces aggregate segregation7
sett"ement7 and b"eeding The res6"ting mi07 8hen proper"% designed7 is considered to be
se"f-compacting or se"f-p"acing concrete
Se"f compacting concrete 8as first de'e"oped in 14@@ to achie'e d6rab"e concrete
str6ct6res in Aapan In India it 8as de'e"oped for the first time in the %ear #553 and the
3
8or3s 8ere e0ec6ted b% !ammon India +imited SCC has 'er% attracti'e properties in
the fresh state as 8e"" as after hardening The 6se of SCC 8i"" "ead to a more
ind6stria"i:ed prod6ction7 red6ce the technica" costs of in sit6 cast concrete
constr6ctions7 impro'e the ?6a"it%7 d6rabi"it% and re"iabi"it% of concrete str6ct6res and
e"iminate some of the potentia" for h6man errors ,e can achie'e some benefits b% the
6se of SCC "i3eB
(rgonomics - "ess noise from 'ibrators and red6ced danger from hand-arm
'ibration s%ndrome 9>*CS;
Speed of p"acement7 res6"ting in increased prod6ction efficienc%
(ase of p"acement7 re?6iring fe8er 8or3ers for a partic6"ar po6r
=etter ass6rances of ade?6ate conso"idation
Red6ced 8ear and tear on forms from 'ibration
Can be 6sed in e0posed aggregate finishes
Increased ear"% strengths
Consistent 8ater-cement 98Dc; ratios of "ess than 53/
Red6ced energ% cons6mption from 'ibration e?6ipment 9a"tho6gh the energ%
re?6ired for "onger mi0 times 8i"" offset this some8hat;
Red6ced permeabi"it%
(0ce""ent p6mpabi"it%
.
The term fiber reinforced concrete 9FRC; can be defined as a concrete containing
dispersed random"% oriented fibers Inherent"% concrete is britt"e 6nder tensi"e "oading
and mechanica" properties of concrete ma% be impro'ed b% random"% oriented discrete
fibers 8hich pre'ent or contro" initiation7 propagation7 or coa"escence of crac3s The
character and performance of FRC changes7 depending on the properties of concrete and
the fibers The properties of fibers that are 6s6a""% of interest are fiber concentration7
fiber geometr%7 fiber orientation7 and fiber distrib6tion
Use of fibers into SCC mi0es has been presented b% man% researchers and It has
been obser'ed that the incorporation of stee" fibres modifies the rheo"ogica" parameters
of concrete Depending on man% parameters s6ch as ma0im6m aggregate si:e7 fiber
'o"6me7 fiber t%pe7 fiber geometr%7 and fiber aspect ratio7 fiber inc"6sion to concrete
red6ces the 8or3abi"it% of concrete Red6ction of 8or3abi"it% in FRC is a handicap for
on-site app"ications >o8e'er7 the combination of h%brid FRC and SCC together can
pro'ide a 8a% of prod6cing a h%brid fiber reinforced se"f-compacting concrete 9>FR-
SCC; 8ith s6perior properties in not on"% hardened state b6t a"so fresh state Fibre-
reinforced-se"f-compacting- concrete has great potentia" significance for constr6ction
9eg7 for smart str6ct6res7 concrete repair7 bridge constr6ction7 etc; The fibres co6"d
impro'e the d6cti"it% and stress distrib6tion of SCC7 rep"ace the stee" reinforcement
part"%7 red6ce the crac3 8idth7 enhance the bar spacing and decrease the "abo6r costs
The addition of fibers into se"f compacting concrete ma% ta3e ad'antage of its high
performance in the fresh state to achie'e a more 6niform dispersion of fibers7 8hich is
/
critica" for a 8ider and re"iab"e str6ct6ra" 6se of fiber-reinforced cement composites
FRSCC has been 6sed in se'era" areas of infrastr6ct6re and ind6stria" app"ications s6ch
as airport pa'ements7 ind6stria" f"oors7 o'er"a%s7 and channe" "ining etc
1.#. $ETHODOLOG%:
&i!.1.1 $et'o() fo" Ac'ie*i! Self-Compacta+ilit,
2
>igh
Deformabi"it%
Se"f-
Compactabi"it%
Compatib"e
+imited *ggregate
Content
(ffect of
S6perp"astici:er
Red6ced ,ater-
Po8der ratio
>igh Segregation
Resistance
1.-. O+.ecti*e of St/(,:
The main ob&ecti'e of this st6d% is to determine the 8or3abi"it% of se"f
compacting concrete for different fiber contents and to find the segregation indices of the
mi0 for the respecti'e fibre contents
E
CHAPTER #
#. E0PERI$ENTAL 1OR2
#.1. GENERAL:
The so"e p6rpose of the e0perimenta" st6d% is to determine the 8or3abi"it% and
segregation indices of fibre reinforced se"f compacting concrete 8ith 'ar%ing fiber
contents The e0perimenta" 8or3 consists of preparing the concrete mi0 8ith a""
ingredients and testing for 8or3abi"it% of concrete b% 6sing f"o8 test and compaction
factor test
#.#. $ATERIALS:
3a4 Cemet:
The properties of cement7 8hich are of re"e'ance to good performance of
concrete7 are its Specific gra'it%7 initia" and fina" setting time and compressi'e
strength !rade of cement is a"so another important factor For cond6cting
e0periments7 OPC-.3 grade cement 8as 6sed
3+4 &ie A!!"e!ate:
@
*"" norma" concreting sands are s6itab"e for SCC In this e0perimenta"
8or3 the sand ha'ing a ma0im6m si:e of 11@ mm is 6sed to cond6ct the tests
3c4 Coa")e A!!"e!ate:
*"" t%pes of aggregates are s6itab"e for SCC The norma" ma0im6m si:e is
genera""% 12-#5 mm< ho8e'er partic"e si:es 6p to .5 mm or more ha'e been 6sed
in SCC In this e0perimenta" 8or3 the aggregate 6sed is in the range of #5-3E/
mm
3(4 &l, a)':
F"% ash is a b%-prod6ct of the comb6stion of p6"'eri:ed coa" in the therma"
po8er p"ants It acts as a po::o"anic materia" in concrete It reacts 8ith ca"ci6m
h%dro0ide to form stab"e7 inso"6b"e and cementio6s compo6nd Specific gra'it% of
F"% ash 6sed in the e0perimenta" 8or3 is ##.
3e4 1ate":
Potab"e 8ater 8as 6sed in the e0perimenta" 8or3 for mi0ing
3f4 S/pe"pla)tici5e":
S6perp"astici:er 6sed in the e0perimenta" 8or3 8as Po"% Carbo0%"ic (ther
9PC(; based It has e0ce""ent dispersion properties 8hich ma3es it the idea"
admi0t6re for read% mi0ed concrete 8here "o8 8ater content ratios are re?6ired
This propert% a""o8s the prod6ction of 'er% high ear"% strength
3!4 &i+e":
4
Stee" fiber of Specific gra'it% E@2 and of the aspect ratio @5 8as 6sed in
the e0perimenta" 8or3
#.-. $i6 De)i! fo" &RSCC:
Using the e?6ation as proposed b% S6->s6 and Chai9#;7 se'era" tria" mi0es 8ere
made in order to reach the s6itab"e mi0 proportion so as to satisf% the criteria for ma3ing
s6ccessf6" SCC
T"ial mi6 13$
7
4: 9$i0 8ith o6t fiber;
CementF.55 3gDm
3
F"% ashF.5 G of cementF125 3gDm
3
S6perp"astici:erF ##/G of cement and f"% ashF1#25 3gDm
3
,ater po8der ratio F53
,ater contentF 53H9.55I125;F 12@ 3gDm
3
*ss6me #G of entrapped air
1ie"d of SCC 91m
3
; F1D15559CDS
C
IF*DS
F*
I*ggDS
*gg
ISPDS
SP
I,DS
,
; I*
C
#1
1F1D15559.55D31/I125D##.I*ggD#2#I1#25D11#I12@D1; I55#
It gi'es7 tota" aggregate contentF1/@E 3gDm
3
*ss6me7 coarse aggregate F /# G of tota" aggregate content
Therefore7 coarse aggregate F @#2 3g
15
fine aggregate F E21 3g
C'ec8 1:
,ater po8der ratio on 'o"6me basis
,aterDpo8der F 12@D9.55D31/I125D##.; F 5@.2 95@-11;
>ence satisfied
C'ec8 #:
Fine aggregate to mortar on 'o"6me basis
Co"6me of fine aggregate F E21D#21F #41/Em
3
Tota" mortar 'o"6me F fine aggregate 'o"6me I cement I f"% ash I 8ater
F E21D#21I.55D31/I125D##.I12@D1 F 2/E4@ m
3
Co"6me of fine aggregateDtota" mortar 'o"6me F 5.. 9J5./;
>ence the design mi0 is O-
T"ial mi6 #3$
1
4:
CementF.55 3gDm
3
3
3
3
FibreF 5E/ G of tota" mi0
F 5E/ G 9.55I125I12@I1#25I*gg;
11
1ie"d of FRSCC 91m
3
; F1D15559CDS
C
IF*DS
F*
I*ggDS
*gg
ISPDS
SP
I,DS
,
IFDS
F
;
I*
C
##
1F1D15559.55D31/I125D##.I*ggD#2#I1#25D11#I12@D1I5E/ G 9E.1I*gg;DE@2;
I55#
It gi'es7 tota" aggregate contentF1/@2 3gDm
3
Therefore7 coarse aggregate F @#/ 3g
Fibre F 5E/ G 9E.1I1/@2; F1E./ 3g
C'ec8 1:
>ence satisfied
C'ec8 #:
Co"6me of fine aggregate F E21D#21F #41/Em
3
F E21D#21I.55D31/I125D##.I12@D1 F 2/E4@ m
3
1#
T"ial mi6 -3$
#
4:
CementF.55 3gDm
3
3
3
3
FibreF 155 G of tota" mi0
F 155 G 9.55I125I12@I1#25I*gg;
1ie"d of FRSCC 91m
3
; F1D15559CDS
C
IF*DS
F*
I*ggDS
*gg
ISPDS
SP
I,DS
,
IFDS
F
;
I*
C
#3
1F1D15559.55D31/I125D##.I*ggD#2#I1#25D11#I12@D1I155 G 9E.1I*gg;DE@2;
I55#
It gi'es7 tota" aggregate contentF1/@/ 3gDm
3
Therefore7 coarse aggregate F @## 3g
Fibre F 155 G 9E.1I1/@/; F#3#5 3g
C'ec8 1:
13
>ence satisfied
C'ec8 #:
Co"6me of fine aggregate F E23D#21F #4#3.m
3
F E23D#21I.55D31/I125D##.I12@D1 F 2/@E/ m
3
T"ial mi6 93$
-
4:
CementF..5 3gDm
3
F"% ashF35 G of cementF13# 3gDm
3
S6perp"astici:erF ##/G of cement and f"% ashF1#@E 3gDm
3
,ater po8der ratio F5#4
,ater contentF 5#4H9..5I13#; F 122 3gDm
3
F 5E/ G 9..5I13#I122I1#@EI*gg;
1ie"d of FRSCC 91m
3
; F1D15559CDS
C
IF*DS
F*
I*ggDS
*gg
ISPDS
SP
I,DS
,
IFDS
F
;
I*
C
#.
1.
1F1D15559..5D31/I13#D##.I*ggD#2#I1#@ED11#I122D1I5E/ G 9E.3I*gg;DE@2;
I55#
It gi'es7 tota" aggregate contentF1/43 3gDm
3
Therefore7 coarse aggregate F @#@ 3g
fine aggregate F E2/ 3g
Fibre F 5E/ G 9E.3I1/41; F 1E/3 3g
C'ec8 1:
,aterDpo8der F 122D9..5D31/I13#D##.; F 5@32 95@-11;
>ence satisfied
C'ec8 #:
Co"6me of fine aggregate F E2/D#21F #4315m
3
F E2/D#21I..5D31/I13#D##.I122D1 F 2/EE1 m
3
1/
T"ial mi6 :3$
9
4:
CementF..5 3gDm
3
F"% ashF35 G of cementF13# 3gDm
3
S6perp"astici:erF ##/G of cement and f"% ashF1#@E 3gDm
3
,ater po8der ratio F5#4
,ater contentF 5#4H9..5I13#; F 122 3gDm
3
F 155 G 9..5I13#I122I1#@EI*gg;
1ie"d of FRSCC 91m
3
; F1D15559CDS
C
IF*DS
F*
I*ggDS
*gg
ISPDS
SP
I,DS
,
IFDS
F
;
I*
C
#/
1F1D15559..5D31/I13#D##.I*ggD#2#I1#@ED11#I122D1I155 G 9E.3I*gg;DE@2;
I55#
It gi'es7 tota" aggregate contentF1/41 3gDm
3
Therefore7 coarse aggregate F @#E 3g
fine aggregate F E2. 3g
Fibre F 155 G 9E.3I1/41; F#33/ 3g
C'ec8 1:
12
,aterDpo8der F 122D9..5D31/I13#D##.; F 5@32 95@-11;
>ence satisfied
C'ec8 #:
Co"6me of fine aggregate F E2.D#21F #4#E#m
3
F E2.D#21I..5D31/I13#D##.I122D1 F 2/E33 m
3
T"ial mi6 ;3$
:
4:
CementF.#5 3gDm
3
F"% ashF3/ G of cementF1.E 3gDm
3
S6perp"astici:erF ##/G of cement and f"% ashF1#E/ 3gDm
3
,ater contentF 53H9.#5I1.E; F 1E513gDm
3
F 5E/ G 9.#5I1.EI1E51I1#E/I*gg;
1ie"d of FRSCC 91m
3
; F1D15559CDS
C
IF*DS
F*
I*ggDS
*gg
ISPDS
SP
I,DS
,
IFDS
F
;
I*
C
#2
1E
1F1D15559..5D31/I13#D##.I*ggD#2#I1#@ED11#I122D1I5E/ G 9E.33.I*gg;DE@2;
I55#
It gi'es7 tota" aggregate contentF1/@1 3gDm
3
Therefore7 coarse aggregate F @## 3g
fine aggregate F E/4 3g
Fibre F 5E/ G 9E.3I1/41; F 1E.3 3g
C'ec8 1:
,aterDpo8der F 1E51D 9.#5D31/I1.ED##.; F 5@// 95@-11;
>ence satisfied
C'ec8 #:
Co"6me of fine aggregate F E/4D#21F #45@5 m
3
F E/4D#21I.#5D31/I1.ED##.I1E51D1 F 2/4@/m
3
1@
T"ial mi6 <3$
;
4:
CementF.#5 3gDm
3
F"% ashF3/ G of cementF1.E 3gDm
3
S6perp"astici:erF ##/G of cement and f"% ashF1#E/ 3gDm
3
,ater contentF 53H9.#5I1.E; F 1E513gDm
3
F 155 G 9.#5I1.EI1E51I1#E/I*gg;
1ie"d of FRSCC 91m
3
; F1D15559CDS
C
IF*DS
F*
I*ggDS
*gg
ISPDS
SP
I,DS
,
IFDS
F
;
I*
C
#E
1F1D15559..5D31/I13#D##.I*ggD#2#I1#@ED11#I122D1I5E/ G 9E.33.I*gg;DE@2;
I55#
It gi'es7 tota" aggregate contentF1/E4 3gDm
3
Therefore7 coarse aggregate F @#1 3g
fine aggregate F E/@ 3g
Fibre F 155 G 9E.3I1/E4; F #3## 3g
C'ec8 1:
14
,aterDpo8der F 1E51D 9.#5D31/I1.ED##.; F 5@// 95@-11;
>ence satisfied
C'ec8 #:
Co"6me of fine aggregate F E/@D#21F #45.# m
3
F E/@D#21I.#5D31/I1.ED##.I1E51D1 F 2/4/3m
3
Ta+le #.1. T"ial $i6 (e)i! fo" &RSCC
S.N
o
$ate"ial T"ial
$i61
3$
7
4
T"ial
$i6#
3$
1
4
T"ial
$i6-
3$
#
4
T"ial
$i69
3$
-
4
T"ial
$i6:
3$
9
4
T"ial
$i6;
3$
:
4
T"ial
$i6<
3$
;
4
1 Cement .55
3gDm
3
.55
3gDm
3
.55
3gDm
3
..5
3gDm
3
..5
3gDm
3
.#5
3gDm
3
.#5
3gDm
3
# F"% ash .5G of
cement
.5G of
cement
.5G of
cement
35G of
cement
35G of
cement
3/G of
cement
3/G of
cement
3 S6perp"astici:e
r
##/G
of
po8de
r
##/G
of
po8de
r
##/G
of
po8de
r
##/G
of
po8de
r
##/G
of
po8de
r
##/G
of
po8de
r
##/G
of
po8der
. Fine aggregate .@G .@G .@G .@G .@G .@G .@G
/ Coarse /#G /#G /#G /#G /#G /#G /#G
#5
aggregate
2 ,aterDPo8der
ratio
53 53 53 5#4 5#4 53 53
E Fibre --- 5E/G
of tota"
mi0
155G
of tota"
mi0
5E/G
of tota"
mi0
155G
of tota"
mi0
5E/G
of tota"
mi0
155G
of tota"
mi0
#.9. Te)ti! $et'o():
3a4 Sl/mp flo= te)t:
This test is 6sed to determine the fi""ing abi"it% and can indicate
segregation resistance of se"f-compacting concrete to an e0perienced 6ser In this
t%pe of test7 the fresh concrete is po6red into a mo6"d in the shape of a fr6st6m of
a cone ,hen the cone is 8ithdra8n or "ifted 6p8ard grad6a""%7 the distance the
concrete has spread pro'ides a meas6rement of the consistenc% of the concrete
Fig6re #1 sho8s the spreading of concrete after "ifting the cone
#1
&i!/"e #.1 T'e )p"ea(i! of Coc"ete Afte" Lifti! t'e Coe.
3+4 Compactio facto" te)t:
The compacting factor test is designed primari"% for 6se in the "aborator%
b6t it can a"so be 6sed in the fie"d It is more precise and sensiti'e than the s"6mp
test and is partic6"ar"% 6sef6" for concrete mi0es of 'er% "o8 8or3abi"it% as are
norma""% 6sed 8hen concrete is to be compacted b% 'ibration The diagram of the
apparat6s is sho8n in Fig6re ##
##
&i!/"e #.#. Compacti! &acto" Appa"at/)
3c4 G.T.$. Sc"ee Sta+ilit, Te)t fo" Se!"e!atio I(e6:
This test aims to c"assif% the 'ario6s t%pes of se"f-compacting concrete b%
the e0tent of ris3 of segregation This test can be 6sed both at the site and in the
"aborator% 8hi"e de'e"oping a concrete mi0 To perform this test in the "aborator%7
genera""% @-15 3g of fresh concrete is ta3en on a .E/ mm sie'e The sie'e is to be
3ept on a pan so that s"6rr% coming o6t of the sie'e sho6"d get co""ected in the pan
D6ring the time period of 1/ min6tes7 8hate'er s"6rr% has come in the pan is to be
8eighed acc6rate"% Fina""%7 segregation inde0 can be ca"c6"ated asB
#3

,t Of s"6rr%
Segregation inde0F---------------------------- 0 155
,t Of concrete
Segregation Inde0 sho6"d be "ess than 1/G
Ta+le #.#. Te)t Re)/lt) at &"e)' Sta!e of &RSCC
S.No T,pe
of $i6
1>P
"atio
S.P>P
"atio
&i+"e
3? of
total
mi64
Sl/mp
flo=
(ia.
3mm4
Compactio
facto"
Se!"e!atio
i(e6 3?4
1 $
5
53 ##/ --- 2.# 541. E4/
# $
1
53 ##/ 5E/ 2.5 54#@ 4.5
3 $
#
53 ##/ 155 2/# 5414 4#
. $
3
5#4 ##/ 5E/ 2/. 5435 4/
/ $
.
5#4 ##/ 155 222 541/ @E
2 $
/
53 ##/ 5E/ 2.1 5414 43
E $
2
53 ##/ 155 2.@ 54#/ 43
CHAPTER -
#.
ANAL%SIS O& RESULTS
-.1. GENERAL
The res6"ts of the e0perimenta" 8or3 carried o6t in the "aborator% are gi'en
in chapter # *n attempt has been made to carr% o6t the ana"%sis of the res6"ts in this
chapter
-.#. 1OR2ABILIT%
* 8ater-po8der ratio of 5#4-535 8as fo6nd to be satisfied to be
s6fficient eno6gh to prod6ce the re?6ired 8or3abi"it% for pa'ements The s"6mp test
res6"ts ha'e indicated s"6mp f"o8 'a"6es of 2.# mm for SCC mi0 and 2.5 mm7 2/#
mm7 2/. mm7 222mm7 2.1 mm and 2.@ mm for the mi0es $
1
to $
2
respecti'e"%
The s"6mp f"o8 'a"6es 8ere 8e"" 8ithin the ma0im6m recommended s"6mp f"o8
'a"6e of E/5 mm for high8a% pa'ements The compaction factor for SCC mi0 8as
541. and it 8as 54#@7 54147 54357 541/7 5414 and 54#/ for the mi0es $
1
to $
2
respecti'e"% The compaction factor 'a"6es 8ere 8e"" 8ithin the minim6m
recommended 'a"6e of 5@ for high8a% pa'ements The segregation indices for SCC
mi0 8as E4/G and it 8as 4.G7 4#G7 4/G7 @EG7 43G and 43G for the mi0es $
1
to $
2
respecti'e"% 8hich 8ere 8e"" 8ithin the ma0im6m permissib"e 'a"6e of 1/G
for high8a% pa'ements
#/
&i!/"e -.1 @a"iatio of Sl/mp3mm4 fo" (iffe"et mi6e)
&i!/"e -.# @a"iatio of Compacti! &acto" fo" (iffe"et mi6e)
#2
&i!/"e -.- @a"iatio of Se!"e!atio I(e6 3?4 fo" (iffe"et mi6e)
CHAPTER 9
CONCLUSIONS
The fo""o8ing conc"6sions ha'e been dra8n from the abo'e st6d%B
1; It has been 'erified7 b% 6sing s"6mp f"o8 and compaction factor test7 that se"f-
compacting concrete achie'ed consistenc% and se"f-compatibi"it% 6nder its
o8n 8eight 8itho6t an% e0terna" 'ibration of compaction
#E
#; It 8as obser'ed that it is possib"e to achie'e se"f compaction 8ith considerab"e
fiber inc"6sion and a"" mi0es had good f"o8abi"it% and possessed se"f-
compaction characteristics
3; In order to retain high "e'e" 8or3abi"it% 8ith fiber reinforcement7 the amo6nt
of paste in the mi0 sho6"d be increased to pro'ide better dispersion of fibers
Increasing cement content7 increasing fine aggregate content or 6sing
po::o"anic admi0t6res can be a"ternati'e so"6tions to this prob"em
.; ="eeding capacit% for f"o8ing and se"f-compacting concretes is inf"6enced b%
the S6perp"astici:er dosage
RE&ERENCES
1; O3am6ra >7 O6chi $ KSe"f-compacting concreteL Ao6rna" of *d'anced
Concrete Techno"og% #553 9888goog"ecom; refered "ast on #@ sep7 #55@
#; S67 N7 >s67 -C and Chai7 >,7 K* Simp"e $i0-design $ethod for Se"f-
compacting ConcreteL7Co"6me 317 Iss6e 1#7 Dec#5517 pp1E44-1@5E
9888sciencedirectcom;
3; $6stafa Sahmaran7 *"peren 16rtse'en7 I O:g6r 1aman K,or3abi"it% of >%brid
Fiber Reinforced Se"f-Compacting ConcreteL December #55.
#@
.; O6chi $7 KSe"f Compacting Concrete-De'e"opment7 *pp"ications and
In'estigationsL 9888goog"ecom; refered "ast on #@ sep7 #55@
/; Camsee -rishnaS KSt6d% on Se"f Compacting Concrete in >igh8a% Pa'ementsL
$(7 Thesis7 Ci'i" (ngineering Dept7 IITR7 Roor3ee7 #55/
2; ISB1144-14/4 K$ethods of Samp"ing and *na"%sis of ConcreteL
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