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2010

Zine El Abidine Ben


Ali

2008

2009 6 4

2010

1978

30% 40% 1975 2010


290

2011 1 28

2011 2 10

2003
4

3 11
1000 12 19

3
12
15

Hamad
bin Isa Al Khalifa
3 14

2011 5 19

Abdullah bin
Abdulaziz al Saud 2 23 360
15
3 18
6
2500 670 50
5


3000 800
1000 3559 1000
2650 2.83

3 17 Bill Burns

Robert Gates
Thomas Donilon Denis
McDonough

1978


2011 5 19
2009 6

......
Kenneth Lieberthal
2011

2011 5
11 7

2011 5

2011 10
2012
7

2011 2012

Mohamed Morsi Isa El-Ayyat

8 31

2011 3 15
1.5
9000

1979

2011 12 29 300

10

10

OPIC 20

2011 1 3
15

Bashar al-Assad

4 21
8 4
League of Arab States 2011 11

2012 2

Kofi Atta Annan 2012 2 23


3
4 2012 4
21 2043 300

2012 5 25
5 26

2012 6 12 7 15
7 18

8 2
10

2011 10 4
2012 2 4 2012 7 19
70

2011
4 29

Maher
al-AssadAli Mamlouk
5 18

5 19
8 18

2012 3

7 23

8 20

2012 5 29
Willard M. Romney
11


John
S. McCain IIILindsey O. Graham

1.
2.
10

3.

2011

2011
2012

2012 5 21

6 15 44

33

12

2003

2011
1979

2012 8 9
10 8 30 16

4 6

20%
13


20%
7 3

200

2006 2009

2012 3 5

14

Martin E. Dempsey

9
11

2012 9

15

2012

[] 2012

2012 21
2012 2011 2012

Super PAC

outside groups

24

16

PAC

1. non-connected committee

21

2.
separate segregated fund, SSF

FEC
2012 6 5991
6000

IRS2011
162.91
23
1. 501(c)(4)
9.74
140
2. 501(c)(5)
5.15
3. 501(c)(6)
7.03
100
4. 527

17

1.6

2010 1 21
Citizens United v. FEC

Trevor Potter

19 20

20
1. 1907 Tillman Act

2. 1947 -Taft-Hartley Act

3. 1971 Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, FECA


1974

18

4. 2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002,


BCRA1971

Citizens United 501(c)(4)


2008

2008
8 2010 1 21 9 5 4

SpeechNow 527

2010
3 26

19

2010 3

2012

2012

1971

2010

2012 2
2012

Restore Our Future


Priorities USA ActionAmerican
CrossroadsWinning Our FutureClub
for Growth ActionMajority PAC

20


2012
2010 2012

1. 2010 84 2011
2012 100
2 300 3 400 4 9
449 573 640 697 815 918
2.
2012 3 1.5
6 2.4 9 3.9
70%
2012 5 1/3 10
7 400
8 Sheldon Adelson
8
5000

3.

2012
2011 16 65%
20%
70% 2008
9.1% Americans for
ProsperityAmerican Future FundAmerican
Energy Alliance Service Employees International
Union

2012

21

527

2012

1.

360 -
2012 9
1400
2.
Crossroads GPS

501(c)(4)

Karl Rove

Steven J. Law

2012

22


Bill
BurtonSean Sweeney

501(c)(4)

50% 501(c)(4)

501(c)(4)

50% 2012

1000

Glenbrook L.L.C.Jesse Rogers


25

501(c)(4)
7

23

900
Koch IndustriesAetna

527 1975

527 527

527
2000
2012

2012

Thomas E. Mann
Norman J. Ornstein 2012

1. 2012 236
80

24

2012 6 5

Scott Walker

3000
1/7
2.
130
1879 2012

Olympia Snowe
Richard Lugar7

1300
11%David Dewhurst
Ted Cruz

3.

1995
Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995
4. 19
25

2012

8 9

1.

2010

2011 12
1912
22 2012 6 25

26

2008
2. 1980

2012 6
20 80 66%2000 50% 44% 1/8

2012

1.

2011 1

2.

2008

2012
27

1972

40

1896
1000
2012

1000
19

2010 1

2013

5 10

2012 10 6
4
1416 924 93 399
472 1/3 6.17
28

2012 3
69%
52%25%
9% 2012 4 24
1/4
41%
69% 74% 73%
73%65%

20 70

1%
Paul Krugman

Jacob Hacker
Paul Pierson 2010
19792005
30 60%1.8
2009 38
1400
capitalist
oligarchies
Joseph Stiglitz
29

Luigi Zingales 2012 6


20 80

Paul Ryan
Francis Fukuyama

Laurence Tribe

30

2012 8 15-16

19722012

80

31

TPP

1977 1979
2012

32

2012 8 28

1015

33

( )

10 6 7

34

10

20 50

2006

-
35

1
2
-
3

2
3

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20127-9
7 2-10

73

2011 11 24

76

100

2014
2012 5

2024
2014

78

70
2015 160

37


2014

5 1

79

1972

2012

7 9-13

45
12 19

7 10

7
2013 8

38


-2012
7 11

57

7 12

7 13

7 14-15

21

7 15-16

7 16

62%

7 18

7 18-19

22

39


7 23

12 MV-22
10

25

7 23-24

38
145 F-16A/B

7 24

7 30

2011

2011

B-1B

B-1B

7 31

2012

40

141.4
8
12.3 10.2

2011

7 31

8 10

6 14

81

2013

41

7
10

82

20

83

8 14

8 20-28

8 20-31

42


8 21

9 26

8 23

5 220

X
X

8 31

43

23

15

9 4-5

43

96

9 10

9 11

9 12

2 F22

6 F22
2 F22

44

9 13

(QE3)
400
2015

9 16-17

9 16-27

25

9 17

12

9 17-20

2014

9 18

65%
93%89%
73%
45


15%

30%
40%

9 19

MV-22

9 21-22

30

9 27

67

9 28

46

7 1-5

72

S. Rajaratnam School
of International Studies

7 2-4

79

7 13

7 14-21

54 54
ICA

7 23

East West Institute

8 6-7

2030

8 7-9

8 13

8 14

8 15-16

8 18

2012

8 24

8 28

47


8 29

40

8 30

8 31

92

100

94

95

Chwat & Company, IncJohn


Chwat
201213 2012

9 6-7

9 10

9 11-13

9 14-28

9 17

9 18

9 20-21

9 26

9 28

9 30

10 5

48

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