Subject Details Strength of Materials - I

II B.Tech.
I Semester CE 2013-14 Aurora Engineering College

SUBJECT DETAILS
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS - I
1.1 Obecti!e an" #ele!ance
1.2 Sco$e an" E%tension
1.3 &rere'uisites
1.4 S(llabus
i. )*T+
ii. ,ATE
iii. IES
1.- Suggeste" Boo.s
1./ Subect E%$erts
1.0 1ebsites
1.2 )ournals
1.3 Session &lan
1.10Assignment 4uestions 5+nit-6ise7
1.114uestion Ban. 5+nit-6ise7
i. )*T+
ii. ,ATE
iii. IES
II B.Tech. I Semester CE 2013-14 Aurora Engineering College
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS - I
1.1 OBJECTIVE AND RELEVANCE
The subect o8 strength o8 materials in!ol!es anal(tic8uigal metho"s 8or "etermining the strength9
sti88ness an" stabilit( o8 the !arious loa"-carr(ing structural members. It "eals 6ith elementr( conce$ts
o8 stresses strains9 stresses in com$oun" sections an" com$erature stresses $ro$erties o8 sections such
as moment o8 inertia9 $ro"uct moment o8 inertia9 $olar moment o8 inertia etc9 6hich constantl( 8in"
a$$lication in structural anal(sis an" also "eals 6ith an im$ortant an" common structural element the
beam an" metho"s o8 sho6ing !ariations in B: an" S; "iagrams an" the anal(sis o8 staticall(
"eterminate rigi" 8rames has also been co!ere" an" b( intro"ucing the ben"ing e'uation along 6ith
metho"s 8or calculating ben"ing an" shear stresses 8ollo6e" b( their "istribution an" the "e8ormation
ha!e been e"ucate" using "i88erent metho"s.
The e%ternal 8orces acting on soli" bo"ies ma( be tensional9 com$ressi!e9 ben"ing an" torsional. These
8orces cause "e8ormations an" internal stresses "e!elo$ 6ithin the members. The internal molecular
structure o8 the material o$$oses these "e8ormations an" the "egree o8 this o$$osition "e$en"s u$on the
structure o8 the molecules. This o$$osition or resistance o88ere" b( the materials is terme" as its
strength against loa"ing. <o6e!er9 there is a limit u$to 6hich a material can o88er resistance to these
e%ternal 8orces9 as be(on" a certain limit9 the( can no more sustain these "e8ormations an" the( begin
to 8ail.
Such as "ouble integration an" area moment theorem=s an" also "eals 6ith e%$ressions 8or strain
energ( store" in a bo"( 6hen loa" is a$$lie" su""enl(9 gra"uall(9 loa" is a$$lie" 6ith im$act an" loa"
is a$$lie" 6ith shoc. an" also it "eals 6ith longitu"inal circum8erential stresses in both thin an" thic.
c(lin"ers an" also "eals 6ith "esign o8 com$oun" c(lin"ers an" necessar( "i88erence o8 ra"ii 8or
shrin.age
To un"erstan" the beha!iour o8 a soli" bo"(>structural element subecte" to tria%ial stresses9 bia%ial
stresses 6ith an" 6ithout shear consi"eration. :oreo!er9 to learn anal(tical an" gra$hical metho"s o8
sol!ing $rinci$al stresses9 strains an" their "irection such as :ohr=s circle o8 anal(sis. In a""ition9 to
ha!e e%$osure !arious theories o8 8ailure an" their a$$lication to $ractical $roblems.
1.2 SCOPE AND EXTENSION
The sco$e o8 this subect inclu"es the stu"( o8 "i88erent t($es o8 streses an" strains in !arious
com$oents subecte" to sim$le one "imensional loa"s9 t6o "imensionsl loa"s9 ben"ing an" t6isting
loa"s9 an" buc.ling loa"s. The "e8ormations $ro"uce" b( these t($es o8 loa"s are also
stu"ie". Es$eciall( machines an" structures i"eali?e" as beams an" as thin an" thic.
$resure !esels are stu"ie". E88ect o8 "(namic loa"s are also stu"ie".
1.3 PREREQUISITES
@no6le"ge o8 Engineering :echanics an" A$$lie" :athematics
1.4 SYLLABUS
i JNTU SYLLABUS
UNIT ! I
SIMPLE STRESSES AND STRAINS
Elasticit( an" $lasticit( A T($es o8 stresses an" strains A <oo.e=s la6 A stress A strain "iagram 8or mil"
steel A 1or.ing stress A ;actor o8 sa8et( A Bateral strain9 &oisson=s ratio an" !olumetric strain A Elastic
mo"uli an" the relationshi$ bet6een them A Bars o8 !ar(ing section A com$osite bars A Tem$erature
stresses.
STRAIN ENERGY
#esilience A ,ra"ual9 su""en9 im$act an" shoc. loa"ings A sim$le a$$lications.
UNIT - II
SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENT
Ce8inition o8 beam A T($es o8 beams A Conce$t o8 shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment A S.; an" B.:
"iagrams 8or cantil!er9 sim$l( su$$orte" an" o!erhanging beams subecte" to $oint loa"s9 u.".l.9
uni8orml( !ar(ing loa"s an" combination o8 these loa"s A &oint o8 contra8le%ure A #elation bet6een
S.;.9 B.: an" rate o8 loa"ing at a section o8 a beam.
UNIT ! III
FLEXURAL STRESSES
Theor( o8 sim$le ben"ing A Assum$tions A Ceri!ation o8 ben"ing e'uationD :>I E 8>( E E># *eutral
a%is A Cetermination ben"ing stresses A section mo"ulus o8 rectangular an" circular sections 5Soli" an"
<ollo679 I9T9Angle an" Channel sections A Cesign o8 sim$le beam sections.
UNIT - IV
SHEAR STRESSES
Ceri!ation o8 8ormula A Shear stress "istribution across !arious beam sections li.e rectangular9
circular9 triangular9 I9 T angle sections.
UNIT ! V
DEFLECTION OF BEAMS
Ben"ing into a circular arc A slo$e9 "e8lection an" ra"ius o8 cur!ature A Ci88erential e'uation 8or the
elastic line o8 a beam A Couble integration an" :acaula(=s metho"s A Cetermination o8 slo$e an"
"e8lection 8or cantile!er an" sim$l( su$$orte" beams subecte" to $oint loa"s9 - +.C.B. +ni8orml(
!ar(ing loa".-:ohr=s theorems A :oment area metho" A a$$lication to sim$le cases inclu"ing
o!erhanging beams.
UNIT ! VI
PRINCIPAL STRESSES AND STRAINS
Intro"uction A Stresses on an incline" section o8 a bar un"er a%ial loa"ing A com$oun" stresses A
normal an" tangential stresses on an incline" $lane 8or bia%ial stresses A t6o $er$en"icular normal
stresses accom$anie" b( a state o8 sim$le shear A :ohr=s circle o8 stresses A $rinci$al stresses an"
strains A anal(tical an" gra$hical solutions.
THEORIES OF FAILURES
Intro"uction A !arious theories o8 8ailures li.e ma%imum $rinci$al stress theor( A ma%imum $rinci$al
strain theor( A ma%imum shear stress theor( A ma%imum strain energ( theor( A ma%imum shear strain
energ( theor(.
UNIT ! VII
THIN CYLINDERS
Thin seamless c(lin"rical shells A Ceri!ation o8 8ormula 8or longitu"inal an" circum8erential stresses A
hoo$9 longitu"inal an" Folumetric strains A changes in "ia9 an" !olume o8 thin c(lin"ers A Thin
s$herical shells.
UNIT ! VIII
THIC" CYLINDERS
Intro"uction Bame=s theor( 8or thic. c(lin"ers A Ceri!ation o8 Bame=s 8ormulae A "istribution o8 hoo$
an" ra"ial stresses across thic.ness A "esign o8 thic. c(lin"ers A com$oun" c(lin"ers A *ecessar(
"i88erence o8 ra"ii 8or shrin.age A Thic. s$herical shells.
ii GATE SYLLABUS
Sim$le stress an" strain relationshi$9 stress an" strain in t6o "imensions9 $rinci$al stresses9 stress
trans8ormation9 :ohr=s circle9 uns(mmetrical ben"ing9 uni8orm torsion9 buc.ling o8 column9 combine"
an" "irect ben"ing stresses.
iii IES SYLLABUS
:ohr=s circle o8 stress9 strains9 $lane strain9 :ohr=s circle o8 strain9 combine" stress9 elastic theories o8
8ailure9 torsion o8 circular an" rectangular sections an" sim$le members.
1.# SUGGESTED BOO"S
Text Books
T1 D :echanics o8 :aterials A Cr. B.C. &unmia9 Ba%mi $ublications &!t. Bt".9
*e6 Celhi.2000
References
#1 D GA Te%t Boo. o8 Strength o8 :aterialsH9 Bansal9 #.@9 ;ourth E"ition9 Ba%mi
$ublications &!t. Bt".9 *e6 Celhi.2000

#2 D GStrength o8 :aterialsH9 Subramanian 9 #.9 O%8or" +ni!ersit( &ress9
*e6 Celhi. 200-
#3 D GStrength o8 :aterialsH9 &.#ao9 C.S. +ni!ersities &ress9 5In"ia7 Bt" 1333
#4 D :echanics o8 Soli"s9 b( ;er"inan" Beer an" others9 Tata :c,ra6-<ill &ublications 2000.

#- D Strength o8 :aterials b( S. #ama.rishna an" #.*ara(an A Chan$at #ai $ublications9 *e6
Celhi.
#/ D Strength o8 :aterials b( #.@.#a$ut9 S.Chan" I Co9 *e6 Celhi.
Prerequisites
&1 D Interme"iate :athematics Folume-I9 S. Chan" &ublications9 1333
&2 D Interme"iate :athematics Folume-II9 S. Chan" &ublications9 1330
&3 D ).B. :eriam an" B.,. @raige9 GEngineering :echanics Fol-I9 Statics ;i8th E"ition
,o$aliee Enter$rises *e6 Celhi9 2000
1.$ SUBJECT EXPERTS
International
1. Ca!i" :. Barnett
&ro8essor 5)ointl( 6ith the Ce$artment o8 :aterials Science I Engineering7
;acult( o8 :echanics an" Com$utation "i!ision
Ce$artment o8 :echanical Engineering9 Stan8or" +ni!ersit(9 +SA.
e-mailD BarnettJstan8or".e"u
2. @e(ongac 5@)7 Cho9
Assistant &ro8essor9 ;acult( o8 :echanics an" Com$utation9
Ce$artment o8 :echanical Engineering9 Stan8or" +ni!ersit(9 +SA
e-mailD .choJstan8or".
National
1. &ro8. Asho. ,u$ta
Ce$artment o8 Ci!il Engineering In"ian Institute o8 Technolog( Celhi
<au? @has9 *e6 Celhi 110 01/
Email D asho.gJci!il.iit".ernet.in
2. &ro8. S. @. Bhattachar(a
Ce$artment o8 Ci!il Engineering
In"ian Institute o8 Technolog( @harag$ur
@harag$ur 021302
Email D bsri J ci!il.iit.g$.ernet.in
3. &ro8. F. @. ,oel
Ce$artment o8 :echanical Engineering
In"ian Institute o8 Technolog( #oor.ee
#oor.ee- 240 //0
Email D goel!8meJiitr.ernet.in
4. &ro8. S. C. Sharma
#oor.ee- 240 //0
Email D sshme8meJiitr.ernet.in
-. &ro8. B. @. :ishra
#oor.ee- 240 //0
Email D bhanu8meJiitr.ernet.in
/. &ro8. S. S. Bha!i.atti9
&rinci$al9
Fi(anagar Engineering College9
Bellar(9 @arnata.a.
e-mailD bha!i.attissJre"i88mail.com
0. Cr. @. #amesh9
&ro8essor an" <ea"9
Ce$artment o8 A$$lie" :echanics9
IIT:a"ras9 Chennai.
Regional
1. #. #amesh #e""(9 &ro8essor9
Ce$t. o8 Ci!il Engineering9
O.+. A <("eraba".
2. &ro8. T. C. ,unnes6ara #ao9
*IT9 1arangal.
3. &ro8. &. #ao9
Cirector9
Aurora=s Scienti8ic9 Technological an" #esearch Aca"em(9 <("eraba".
4. Cr. @. #ama :ohan #ao9
)*T+9 <("eraba".
-. Cr. :. F. Seshagiri #ao9
)*T+9 <("eraba".
1.% &EBSITES
666.me.stan8or".e"u
666.n$tel.iitm.ac.in
666.oc6.mit.e"u>Oc6
666.$h(sics.u6stout.e"u>statstr>strength
666.engineerse"ge.com
666.co"ecogs.com
666.goget$a$ers.com
1.' JOURNALS
International
1. IE Ci!il Engineering Ci!isionK
2. )ournal o8 structural engineering K
3. The In"ian Concrete )ournal K
4. Strength o8 :aterials9 S$ringer *e6 Lor.M www.springerlink.com
-. Com$utational :echanicsM www.springerlink.com
/. International )ournal o8 :echanics an" :aterials in CesignM www.springerlink.com
0. An International )ournal o8 Theoretical an" A$$lie" :echanicsM www.springerlink.com
2. )ournal o8 the :echanics an" &h(sics o8 Soli"sM www.elsevier.com
3. C()*+,-,i(.-/ M-,01i-/ S2i0.203 www.elsevier.com
10. Euro$ean )ournal o8 :echanics - A>Soli"sM www.elsevier.com
11. I.,01.-,i(.-/ J(+1.-/ (4 S(/i56 -.5 S,1+2,+1063 www.elsevier.com
12. S)-1, M-,01i-/6 -.5 S,1+2,+1063 www.iop.org/EJ/journal/SMS
13. J(+1.-/ (4 I.,0//i70., M-,01i-/ S86,0)6 -.5 S,1+2,+1063 www.jim.sagepub.com
14. International )ournal o8 CO:ACE:9 www.comadem.com
1-. Smart :aterials an" StructuresM www.iop.org/EJ/journal/SMS
1/. )ournal o8 Structural EngineeringM www.pubs.asce.org/journals
10. )ournal o8 Aeros$ace Sciences an" TechnologiesM www.sciencedirect.com
12. )ournal on 1in" EngineeringM www.jstage.jst.go.jp
K )ournals a!ailable in college librar(
National
1. )ournal o8 the Institution o8 Engineers 5In"ia7M www.iein"ia.org>$ublic.htm
2. )ournal o8 the Aeronautical Societ( o8 In"iaM www.penrose-press.com
1.9 SESSION PLAN
S. T(*i26 -6 *01 ,:0 JNTU
68//-;+6
S+;-T(*i26 L02,+10 N(.
1. O!er!ie6 Subect O!er!ie6 +nit 6ise B1
2.
A$$lication an"
E%tensions
To anal(se the structures subecte" to lateral $ressure such as
"ams9 columns9 beams9 etcN
Strength o8 :aterials A II
Structural Anal(sis A I
B2
3. *ecessar( Bac.groun"
Interme"iate :athematics Folume-I an" Folume-IID
Trigonometr(9 Ci88erentiations an" integration
A$$lie" :echanicsD #esolutions o8 8orces9 ;ree bo"( "iagrams9
center o8 gra!it( an" moment o8 inertia
B3
4.
Elasticit(9 $lasticit(9
t($es o8 stresses an"
strains
&ro$erties o8 the materials9 tensile stress9 strains9 com$ressi!e
stresses an" strains9 shear stresses an" strains
B4
-.
Stress A strain "iagram
8or mil" steel9 <oo.e=s
Ba6 an" 6or.ing stress
Ce8initions9 conce$ts an" sim$le $roblems B-
/.
;actor o8 sa8et(9 lateral
strain9 $oisson=s ratio an"
!olumetric strain
Ce8initions an" sim$le $roblems B/
0.
Elastic mo"ulii an"
relation bet6een them
#elation bet6een mo"ulus o8 elasticit( an" mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( B0
2.
Bars o8 !ar(ing sections
Com$osite bars
Calculation o8 stresses 6hen bars are ha!ing !ar(ing sections B2
3.
Thermal stresses
in com$osites sections
Calculation o8 thermal stresses in com$osite sections
B3
10. #esilience
Ce8initions o8 resilience9 $roo8 resilience9 mo"ulus o8 resilience
an" sim$le $roblems
B10
11. ,ra"ual loa"ing
E%$ression 8or strain energ( store" in a bo"( 6hen the loa" is
a$$lie" gra"uall( an" $roblems on it
B11
12. Su""en loa"ing
a$$lie" su""enl( an" $roblems on it
B12
13. Im$act loa"ing
a$$lie" 6ith im$act an" $roblems on it
B13
14. Shoc. loa"ing
a$$lie" 6ith shoc. an" $roblems on it
B14
1-. A$$lications o8 loa"ings
To calculate "e8ormation an" to anal(se in"eterminate
structures
B1-
1/. Tutorial
&roblems on gra"ual loa"ing9 su""en loa"ing I im$act loa"ing T1
&roblems on com$osite bars an" !olumetric strain etcNan"
thermal stresses T2
S. T(*i26 -6 *01 ,:0 JNTU
68//-;+6
S+;-T(*i26 L02,+10 N(.
10.
Ce8inition beam an" its
t($es Conce$t
o8 shear 8orce
an" ben"ing
moment9 shear
8orce an"
ben"ing moment
"iagrams 8or
cantile!er beams
6hen it is
subecte" to
$oint an" u"l
Ce8initions o8 shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment9 cantile!er
beam9 sim$l( su$$orte" beams9 o!erhanging beam9 8i%e" beam
an" continuous beam9 shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment
"iagrams o8 cantile!er 6hen it is subecte" to $oint loa" an"
uni8orml( "istribute" loa"
B1/
12.
Shear 8orce an" ben"ing
moment
"iagrams 8or
cantile!er beams
6hen it is
subecte" to
uni8orml(
Shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams o8 cantile!er 6hen it
is subecte" to uni8orml( !ar(ing loa" an" combination o8 $oint9
u"l an" u!l.
B10
13.
S; an" B: "iagrams 8or
sim$l(
su$$orte" beams
6hen it is
subecte" to
$oint an" u"l
Shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams o8 sim$le su$$orte"
beam 6hen it is subecte" to $oint an" u"l.
B12
20.
sim$l(
su$$orte" beams
6hen it is
subecte" to
uni8orml(
!ar(ing loa"s
Shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams o8 sim$le su$$orte"
beam 6hen it is subecte" to uni8orml( !ar(ing loa"s an"
combination o8 $oint9 u"l.
B13
21.
o!er hanging
beams 6hen it is
subecte" to
$oint an" u"l
Shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams o8 o!er hanging
beam 6hen it is subecte" to $oint an" u"l.
B20
22.
o!erhanging
beams9 6hen it
is subecte" to
uni8orml(
!ar(ing loa"s
Shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams o8 o!er hanging
beam 6hen it is subecte" to uni8orml( !ar(ing loa" an"
combination o8 $oint u"l.
B21
23.
&oint o8 contra 8le%ure
an" relation
bet6een S; an"
B: an" rate o8
loa"ing
Ce8inition o8 $oint contra 8le%ure an" the relation bet6een S;
an" B: an" rate o8 loa"ing.
B22
24. Tutorial
&roblems on 6hen cantile!er9 sim$l( su$$orte" beams are
subecte" to $oint9 u"l an" u!l loa"s
T3
&roblems on 6hen o!erhanging beams are subecte" to $oint u"l
u!l loa"s
T4
S. T(*i26 -6 *01 ,:0 JNTU
68//-;+6
S+;-T(*i26 L02,+10 N(.
2-.
Theor( o8 sim$le ben"ing
assum$tions
Assum$tion ma"e in theor( o8 sim$le ban"ings an" conce$ts B23
2/.
:>I E 8>( E E>#
Ceri!ation
Ceri!ation o8 ben"ing e'uation an" sim$le $roblems B24
20.
Cetermination o8 ben"ing
stresses
Cetermination o8 ben"ing stresses an" sim$le $roblems B2-
22.
Section mo"ulus o8
rectangular an"
circular sections
soli"
Calculation o8 section mo"ulus in case o8 rectangular an"
circular soli" sections
B2/
23.
Section mo"ulus o8
rectangular9
circular sections
hollo6
Calculation o8 section mo"ulus in case o8 rectangular an"
circular hollo6 sections
B20
30.
Section mo"ulus o8 I9 T
sections
Calculation o8 section mo"ulus in case o8 I9 T sections B22
31.
Cesign o8 sim$le beam
sections Calculation o8 ben"ing stresses in sim$le beam sections
B23
32. Tutorial
&roblems on section mo"ulus o8 rectangular9 circular sections T-
&roblems on section mo"ulus o8 I9 T sections T/
33.
Shear stress "istribution
in rectangular sections
Ceri!ation 8or shear stress an" s.etching the shear stress
!ariation across rectangular section
B30
34.
in circular sections
S.etching the shear stress !ariation across circular section B31
3-.
in triangular section
S.etching the shear stress !ariation across triangular section B32
3/
Shear stress "istribution I
sections
S.etching the shear stress !ariation across I section B33
30.
in T sections
S.etching the shear stress !ariation across T section B34
32. Tutorial
&roblems on shear stress !ar(ing across circular9 triangular
sections
T0
&roblems on shear stress !ar(ing across I9 T sections T2
33.
Slo$e9 "e8lection an"
ra"ius o8
cur!ature
Ceri!ation 8or slo$e9 "e8lection an" ra"ius o8 cur!ature 6hen a
beam is ben"ing into a circular arc
B3-
40.
Ci88erential e'uation 8or
the elastic line
o8 a beam
"ouble
integration
Ci88erential e'uation 8or the elastic line o8 a beam b( "ouble
integration an" :acaula(=s metho"s
B3/
41.
Cetermination o8 slo$e
an" "e8lection 8or
cantile!er subecte" to
$oint an" u"l
Cetermination o8 slo$e an" "e8lection 8or cantile!er subecte" to
$oint an" u"l
B30
42.
an" "e8lection 8or
cantile!er subecte" to
uni8orml( !ar(ing loa"
Cetermination o8 slo$e an" "e8lection 8or cantile!er subecte" to
uni8orml( !ar(ing loa"
B32
S. T(*i26 -6 *01 ,:0 JNTU
68//-;+6
S+;-T(*i26 L02,+10 N(.
43.
an" "e8lection 8or sim$l(
su$$orte" beams
subecte" to $oint an" u"l
Cetermination o8 slo$e an" "e8lection 8or sim$l( su$$orte"
beams subecte" to $oint an" u"l
B33
44.
an" "e8lection 8or sim$l(
su$$orte" beams
subecte" to uni8orml(
!ar(ing loa"
Cetermination o8 slo$e an" "e8lection 8or sim$l( su$$orte"
beams subecte" to uni8orml( !ar(ing loa"
B40
4-. :ohr=s theorems
Cetermination o8 slo$e an" "e8lection b( using :ohr=s
theorems
B41
4/. :oment area metho"
Cetermination o8 slo$e an" "e8lection b( using :oment area
metho"
B42
40.
A$$lication to sim$le
cases inclu"ing
o!erhanging
beams
Calculation o8 slo$e an" "e8lection o8 o!erhanging beams B43
42. Tutorial
&roblems on slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a cantile!er subecte" to
$oint u"l u!l loa"s
T3
&roblems on slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a sim$l( su$$orte" beam
subecte" to $oint u"l u!l loa"s
T10
43.
Intro"uction about
$rinci$al
stresses an"
strains
Stresses on an incline" session o8 a bar un"er a%ial loa"ing B44
-0.
Com$oun" Stresses
Com$oun" stresses on an incline" session o8 a bar un"er a%ial
loa"ing
B4-
-1. *ormal an" tangential
stresses
*ormal an" tangential stresses on incline" $lane 8or bia%ial
stresses
B4/
-2.
:ohr=s circle o8 stresses
T6o &er$en"icular normal stresses
Accom$anie" b( a state o8 sim$le shear
B40
-3.
&rinci$le stresses an"
strains
Anal(tical an" ,ra$hical solutions B42 I B43
-4.
Theories o8 8ailures
:a%imum $rinci$al stress theor( I ma%imum $rinci$al strain
theor(
B-0
--. Theories o8 8ailures :a%imum shear stress theor( I :a%imum strain energ( theor( B-1
-/.
Theories o8 8ailures :a%imum shear strain energ( theor( an" $roblems B-2
-0.
Tutorial
&roblems on &rinci$al Stresses an" strains T11
&roblems on theories o8 8ailures T12
-2.
Intro"uction about thin
c(lin"rical
shells
Intro"uction an" conce$ts o8 thin c(lin"rical shells B-3
S. T(*i26 -6 *01 ,:0 JNTU
68//-;+6
S+;-T(*i26 L02,+10 N(.
-3.
Ceri!ation o8 8ormula 8or
longitu"inal
stresses
Ceri!ation o8 8ormula 8or longitu"inal stresses B-4
/0.
Ceri!ation o8 8ormula 8or
circum8erential
stresses
Ceri!ation o8 8ormula 8or circum8erential stresses B--
/1.
<oo$9 longitu"inal
strains an" Folumetric
strains
Ceri!ation o8 8ormula 8or longitu"inal an" Folumetric strains B-/
/2.
Changes in "ia9 !olume
o8 thin c(lin"ers
Changes in "iameter9 !olume o8 thin c(lin"ers 6hen the( are
subecte" to internal 8lui" $ressure
B-0
/3.
Thin s$herical shells
Intro"uction about thin s$herical shells an" stresses "ue to
internal 8lui" $ressure
B-2
/4. Tutorial
&roblems on longitu"inal an" circum8erential stresses T13
&roblems on thin s$herical shells T14
/-.
Intro"uction about thic.
c(lin"ers
Intro"uction about thic. c(lin"ers B-3
//.
Ceri!ation o8 Bame=s
8ormula
Ceri!ation o8 Bame=s 8ormula B/0
/0.
Cistribution o8 hoo$ an"
ra"ial stresses across
thic.ness
Cistribution o8 hoo$ an" ra"ial stresses across thic.ness B/1
/2.
Cistribution o8 hoo$ an"
ra"ial stresses
Cistribution o8 hoo$ an" ra"ial stresses B/2
/3.
Cesign o8 com$oun"
c(lin"ers
Cesign o8 com$oun" c(lin"ers B/3
00.
*ecessar( "i88erence o8
ra"ii 8or shrin.age
*ecessar( "i88erence o8 ra"ii 8or shrin.age
B/4
01.
Intro"uction about Thic.
s$herical shells
Intro"uction about Thic. s$herical shells B/-
02. #e!ision
&roblems on hoo$ an" ra"ial stresses T1-
&roblems on thic. s$herical shells T1/
1.1<ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
UNIT ! I
A1. Ceri!e the relation bet6een E an" C. +sing the "eri!e" relationshi$9 estimate the Loung=s mo"ulus 5E7
6hen the mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( 5C7 is 0.20 10
-
*>mm
2
an" the &oisson=s ration is 0.3.
A2. A bar o8 cross-section 10 mm 10 mm is subecte" to an a%ial $ull o8 2000 *. The lateral "imension
o8 the bar is 8oun" to be change" to 3.332- mm. I8 the mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( o8 the material is 0.2
10
-
mm
2
9 "etermine the &oisson=s ration an" mo"ulus o8 elasticit(.
A3. Cetermine the &oisson=s ration an" bul. mo"ulus o8 a material9 8or 6hich Loung=s mo"ulus 1.2 10
-
*>mm
2
an" mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( is 4.- 10
4
*>mm
2
.
A4. A bar o8 20mm "iameter subecte" to a $ull o8 -0 .*. The measure" e%tension on gauge length 2-0
mm is 0.12 mm an" change in "iameter is 0.0030- mm. CalculateD 5i7 Loung=s mo"ulus 5ii7 &oisson=s
ratio an" 5iii7 Bul. mo"ulus.
A-. The shear stress in a material at a $oint is gi!en as 4- *>mm2. Cetermine the local strain energ( $er
unit !olume store" in the material "ue to shear stress. Ta.e C E 2 10
4
*>mm
2
.
A/. A circular ro" - cm in "iameter an" 3 meter long hangs !erticall( an" has a collar securel( attache" to
the lo6er en". ;in" the ma%imum stress in"uce"D 5i7 6hen a 6eight o8 2-0 .g8 8alls through 1- cm on
the collar. 5ii7 6hen a 6eight o8 2-00 .g8 8alls 1.- cm on the collar. Ta.e E E 2.1 10
/
.g8>cm
2
.
A0. A !ertical com$oun" tie member 8i%e" rigi"l( at its u$$er en" consists o8 a steel ro" 3 m long an" 20
mm "iameter $lace" 6ithin an e'uall( long brass tube 20 mm internal "iameter an" 20 mm e%ternal
"iameter. The ro" an" the tube are 8i%e" together at the en"s. The com$oun" member is then su""enl(
loa"e" in tension b( a 6eight o8 1200 .g8 8alling through a height o8 - mm on to a 8lange 8i%e" to its
lo6er en". Calculate the ma%imum stresses in steel an" brass Assume E E 2 10
/
.g8>cm
2
an" Eb E
1.0 10
/
.g8>cm
2
.
A2. A !ertical roun" steel ro" 2 m long is securel( hel" at its u$$er en". A 6eight can sli"e 8reel( on the
ro" an" its 8all is arreste" b( a sto$ $ro!i"e" at the lo6er en" o8 the ro". 1hen the 6eight 8alls 8rom a
height o8 2.- cm abo!e the sto$9 the ma%imum stress reache" in the ro" is estimate" to be 14-0
.g8>cm
2
. Cetermine the stress in the ro" i8 the loa" ha" been a$$lie" gra"uall( an" also the ma%imum
stress i8 the loa" ha" 8allen 8rom a height o8 4.-. Ta.e E E 2.0 10
/
.g8>cm
2
.
B1. Cetermine the changes in length9 brea"th an" thic.ness o8 a steel bar 6hich is - m long9 40 mm 6i"e
an" 30 mm thic. an" is subecte" to an a%ial $ull o8 3- .* in the "irection o8 its length. Ta.e E E
-
2 10
*>mm
2
an" &oisson=s ration E 0.32.
B2. Cetermine the !alue o8 Loung=s mo"ulus an" &oisson=s ration o8 a metallic bar o8 length 2- cm9
brea"th 3 cm an" "e$th 2 cm 6hen the bar is subecte" to an a%ial com$ressi!e loa" o8 240 .*. The
"ecrease in length is gi!en as 0.0- cm an" increase in brea"th is 0.002.
B3. A steel bar 320 mm long9 40 mm 6i"e an" 30 mm thic. is subecte" to a $ull o8 2-0 .* in the "irection
o8 its length. Cetermine the change !olume. Ta.e E E
-
2 10
*>mm
2
an" m E 4.
B4. A metallic bar 2-0 mm 20mm 30 mm is subecte" to a 8orce o8 20. * 5tensile79 30@n 5tensile7
an" 1-.* 5tensile7 along x9 y an" z "irections res$ecti!el(. Cetermine the change in the !olume o8 the
bloc.. Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
an" &oisson=s ration E 0.2-.
B-. A tension bar / m long is ma"e u$ o8 t6o $arts9 4 metre o8 its length has a cross- sectional area 12.-
cm2 6hile the remaining 2 m length has a cross-sectional area o8 2- cm2. An a%ial loa" o8 - tonnes is
gra"uall( a$$lie". ;in" the total strain energ( $ro"uce" in the bar an" com$are this !alue 6ith that
obtaine" in a uni8orm bar o8 the same length an" ha!ing the same !olume 6hen un"er the same loa".
Ta.e E E 2 10
/
.g8>cm
2
.
B/. A uni8orm metal bar has a cross-sectional area o8 / cm
2
an" a length o8 1.4 m. I8 the stress at the
elastic limit is 1.- tonne>cm
2
. 8in" the $roo8 resilience o8 the bar. Cetermine also the ma%imum !alue o8
an a$$le" loa"9 6hich ma( be su""enl( a$$lie" 6ithout e%cee"ing the elastic limit. Calculate the !alue
o8 the gra"uall( a$$lie" loa" 6hich 6ill $ro"uce" the same e%tension as that $ro"uce" b( the su""enl(
a$$lie" loa" abo!e. Ta.e E E 2000 tonnes>cm
2
.
B0. Calculate instantaneous stress $ro"uce" in a bar 10 cm2. in area an" 4 m long b( the su""en
a$$lication o8 a tensile loa" o8 un.no6n magnitu"e9 i8 the e%tension o8 the bar "ue to su""enl(
a$$li2e" loa" is 1.3- mm. Also "etermine the su""enl( a$$lie" loa". Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
.
B2. A tensile loa" o8 -0.* is gra"uall( a$$lie" to a circular bar o8 - cm "iameter an" 4 m long. I8 the !alue
o8 E E 2.0 10- *>mm29 "etermineD 5i7 stretch in the ro"9 5ii7 stress in the ro"9 an" 5iii7 strain energ(
absorbe" b( the ro".
C1. Calculate the mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( an" bul. mo"ulus o8 a c(lin"rical bar o8 "iameter o8 2- mm an" o8
length 1./ m9 i8 the longitu"inal strain in a bar "uring a tensile test is 8our times the lateral strain. ;in"
the change in !olume9 6hen the bar is subecte" to a h("rostatic $ressure o8 100 *>mm
2
. Ta.e E E
1 10
-
*>mm
2
.
C2. A bar o8 20 mm "iameter subecte" to a $ull o8 -0 .*. The measure" e%tension on gauge length o8 2-0
mm is 0.12 mm an" change in "iameter is 0.0030- mm calculateD
5i7 Loung=s mo"ulus5ii7 &oisson=s ratio an" 5iii7 Bul. mo"ulus.
C3. ;or a material9 Loung mo"ulus is gi!en as 1.4 10
-
*>mm
2
an" &oisson=s ratio 0.22.
Calculate the bul. mo"ulus.
C4. A steel ro" 4 m long an" 20 mm "iameter is subecte" to an a%ial tensile loa" o8 40 .*. Cetermine the
change in length "iameter an" !olume o8 the ro". Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
an" &oisson=s ratio E 0.2-.
C-. A bar 1.- cm "iameter gets stretche" b( 2.- mm un"er a stea"( loa" o8 100 .g8. 1hat stress 6oul" be
$ro"uce" in the same bar b( a 6eight o8 120 .g89 6hich 8alls !erticall( through a "istance - cm on to a
rigi" collar attache" at its en"O The bar is initiall( unstresse". Ta.e E E 2.0 10
/
.g8>cm
2
.
C/. An un.no6n 6eight 8alls through a height o8 20 mm on a collar rigi"l( attache" to the lo6er
en" o8 a !ertical bar - m long an" 200 mm
2
in section. I8 the ma%imum e%tension o8 the ro" is
to be 2.- mm9 6hat is the corres$on"ing stress an" magnitu"e o8 the un.no6n 6eightO Ta.e E E
2.0 10
/
.g8>cm
2
.
C0. The ma%imum instantaneous9 $ro"uce" b( an un.no6n 8alling 6eight through a height o8 4 cm in a
!ertical bar o8 length - m an" o8 cross-sectional area - cm2. is 1.20 mm. CetermineD 5i7 the
instantaneous stress in"uce" in the !ertical bar an" 5ii7 the !alues o8 un.no6n 6eight.
C2. A loa" o8 200 * 8alls through a height o8 2.- cm on to a collar rigi"l( attache" to the lo6er en" o8 a
!ertical bar 2 m long an" o8 3 cm
2
cross-sectional area. The u$$er en" o8 the !ertical bar is 8i%e".
CetermineD 5i7 ma%imum instantaneous stress in"uce" in the !ertical bar9 5ii7 ma%imum instantaneous
elongation9 an" 5iii7 strain energ( store" in the !ertical ro". Ta.e E E 2 10
/
.g8>cm
2
.
UNIT ! II
A1. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 length - m carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 100 *>m e%ten"ing 8rom
the le8t en" to a $oint 2 m a6a(. There is also a cloc.6ise cou$le o8 1-00 *m a$$lie" at the centre o8
the beam. Cra6 the S.;. an" B.:. "iagrams 8or the beam an" 8in" the ma%imum ben"ing moment.
A2. A beam is loa"e" as sho6n in ;ig. /.40. ;in" the reactions at A an" B. Also "ra6 the S.;. B.: an"
thrust "iagrams.
A3. A beam is loa"e" as sho6n in ;ig. /.4/. Cra6 the S.;. an" B.:. "iagrams an" 8in"
5i7 ma%imum S.;.
5ii7 $oint o8 in8le%ion
A4. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 length 2 m rests on su$$orts - m a$art the right han" en" is o!erhanging
b( 2 m an" the le8t han" en" is o!erhanging b( 1 m. The beam carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 -
.*>m o!er the entire length. It also carries t6o $oint loa"s o8 4 .n an" / .* at each en" o8 the beam.
The loa" o8 4 .* is at the e%treme le8t o8 the beams9 6hereas the loa" o8 $oints o8 contra8le%ure.
B1. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 length 2 m carries $oint loa"s o8 30 .* an" -0 .* at a "istance o8 3 m
an" 0 m 8rom the le8t en". Cra6 the S.;. an" B.:. "iagrams 8or the beam.
B2. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 length 2 m carries $oint loa"s o8 4 .n an" /.* at a "istance o8 2 m an" 4
m 8rom the le8t en". Cra6 the S.;. an" B.:. "iagrams 8or the beam.
B3. A cantile!er o8 length / m carries t6o $oint loa"s o8 2 .* an" 3 .* at a "istance o8 1 m an" / m 8rom
the 8i%e" en" res$ecti!el(. In a""ition to this the beam also carriers a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 1
.*>m o!er a length o8 2 m at a "istance o8 3 m 8rom the 8i%e" en". Cra6 the S.;. an" B.:. "iagrams.
B4. A cantile!er o8 length 4 m carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 1 .* run o!er a length o8 1 m 8rom
the 8ree en". It also carries a $oint loa" o8 4 .* at a "istance o8 0.- m 8rom the 8ree en".
C1. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 length 2 m rests on su$$orts / m a$art the right han" en" is o!erhanging
b( 2 m. The beam carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 1-00 *>m o!er the entire length. Cra6 S.;.
an" B.:. "iagrams an" 8in" the $oint o8 contra 8le%ure9 i8 an(.
C2. A beam o8 length / m is sim$l( su$$orte" at its en"s. It is loa"e" 6ith a gra"uall( !ar(ing loa" o8 0-0
*>m 8rom le8t han" su$$ort to 1-00 *>m to the right han" su$$ort. Construct the S.;. an" B.:.
"iagrams an" 8in" the amount an" $osition o8 the ma%imum B.:. o!er the beam.
C3. A beam o8 length 10 mm is sim$l( su$$orte" an" carries $oint loa"s o8 - .n each at a "istance o8 3 m
an" 0 m 8rom le8t su$$ort an" also a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 1 .*>m bet6een the $oint loa"s.
Cra6 S.;. an" B.:. "iagrams 8or the beam.
C4. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam is carr(ing a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 2 .*>m o!er a length o8 3 m
8rom the right en". The length o8 the beam is / m. Cra6 the S.;. an" B.:. "iagrams 8or the beam an"
also calculate the ma%imum B.:. on the section.
UNIT ! III
A1. ;in" the moment o8 resistance o8 the abo!e beam9 i8 it is $lace" such that its one "iagonal is !ertical9
the $ermissible ben"ing stress is same 5i.e. e'ual to P
=7.
A2. A 8litche" beam consists o8 a 6oo"en oist 1-0 mm 6i"e an" 300 mm "ee$ strengthene" b( a steel
$late 12 mm thic. an" 300 mm "ee$ on either si"e o8 the oist. I8 the ma%imum stress in the 6oo"en
oist is 0*>mm29 8in" the corres$on"ing ma%imum stress attaine" in steel. ;in" also the moment o8
resistance o8 the com$osite section. Ta.e E 8or steel E 210
-
*>mm
2
an" 8or 6oo" E 1 10
4
*>mm
2
.
A3. A timber beam /0 mm 6i"e b( 20 mm "ee$ is to be rein8orce" b( bolting on t6o steel 8litches9 each /0
mm b( - mm in section. ;in" the moment o8 resistance in the 8ollo6ing casesD 5i7 8litches attache"
s(mmetricall( at to$ an" bottomM 5ii7 8litches attache" s(mmetricall( at the si"es. Allo6able timber
stress is 2 *>mm2. 1hat is the ma%imum stress in the steel in each caseO Ta.e E 8or steel E 2.1 10
-
*>mm
2
an" 8or timber E 1.4 10
4
*>mm
2
.
A4. T6o rectangular $lates9 one o8 steel an" the other o8 brass each 30.- mm b( 10 are $lace" to either to
8rom a beam 30.- mm 6i"e b( 20 mm "ee$ on t6o su$$orts 0- cm a$art9 the brass com$onent being
on to$ o8 the steel com$onent. Cetermine the ma%imum central loa" i8 the $lates are 5i7 se$arate an"
can ben" in"e$en"entl(9 5ii7 8irml( secure" throughout their length. &ermissible stresses 8or brass an"
steel are 00 *>mm
2
an" 100 *>mm2. Ta.e Eb E 0.20- 10
-
*>mm
-
an" Es E 2.1 10
-
*>mm
2
.
B1. 1. Ce8ine the termsD ben"ing stress in a beam9 neutral a%is an" section mo"ulus.
2. 1hat "o (ou mean b( Psim$le ben"ing= or P$ure ben"ing=O 1hat are the assum$tions ma"e in the
theor( o8 sim$le ben"ingO
3. Ceri!e an e%$ression 8or ben"ing stress at a la(er in a beam.
4. 1hat "o (ou un"erstan" b( neutral a%is an" moment o8 resistanceO
-. &ro!e that relation9
M E
y !

6here
: E Ben"ing moment 9 I E :.O.I.
EBen"ing stress9 y "Cistance 8rom *.A.

E E Loung=s mo"ulus9 # E #a"ius o8 cur!ature.
B2. A steel $alte o8 6i"th /0 mm an" o8 thic.ness 10 mm is bent into a circular arc o8 ra"ius 10 m.
Cetermine the ma%imum stress in"uce" an" the ben"ing moment 6hich 6ill $ro"uce the ma%imum
stress. Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
.
B3. A rectangular beam 300 mm "ee$ is sim$l( su$$orte" o!er a s$an o8 4 m. 1hat uni8orml( "istribute"
loa" $er metre9 the beam ma( carr( i8 he ben"ing stress is not to e%cee" 120 *>mm
2
. Ta.e I E 2 10
/
mm4.
B4. A cast iron beam 20 mm 20 mm in section an" 100 cm long is sim$l( su$$orte" at the en"s. It
carries a $oint loa" 1 at the centre. The ma%imum stress in"uce" is 120 *>mm
2
. 1hat
uni8orml( "istribute" loa" 6ill brea. a cantile!er o8 the same material -0 mm 6i"e9 100 mm
"ee$ an" 2 m longO
C1. A timber beam is 120 mm 6i"e an" 200 mm "ee$ an" is use" on a s$an o8 4 metres. The beam carries
a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 2.2 .*>m run o!er the entire length. ;in" the ma%imum ben"ing stress
in"uce".
C2. A timber beam is 8reel( su$$orte" on su$$orts / m a$art. It carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 12
.*>m run an" a $oint loa" o8 3 .* at 3.- m 8rom the right su$$ort. Cesign a suitable section
o8 the beam ma.ing "e$th t6ice the 6i"th9 i8 the stress in timber is not to e%cee" 2 *>mm2.
C3. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 length 4 m carries a $oint loa" o8 1/ .* at a "istance o8 3 m 8rom le8t
su$$ort. The cross-section o8 the beam is sho6n in ;ig. 0.30. Cetermine the ma%imum tensile
an" com$ressi!e stress at a section 6hich is at a "istance o8 2.2- m 8rom the le8t su$$ort.
C4. &ro!e that the moment o8 resistance o8 a beam o8 s'uare section is e'ual to
3
/
x
6here P
= is the
$ermissible stress in ben"ing9 % is the si"e o8 the s'uare beam an" beam is $lace" such that its t6o
si"es are hori?ontal.
UNIT ! IV
A1. A 12 cm b( - cm I-section is subecte" to a shearing 8orce o8 10 .*. Calculate the shear stress at the
neutral a%is an" at the to$ o8 the 6eb. 1hat $ercentage o8 shearing 8orce is carrie" b( the 6ebO
,i!en I E 220 10
4
mm
4
9 area 3.4 10
2
mm
2
M 6eb thic.ness E 3.- mm an" 8lage thic.ness E -.-
mm.
A2. The shear 8orce acting on a section o8 a beam is 100 .*. The section o8 the beam is o8 T-sha$e" o8
"imensions 200 mm 2-0 mm 8lange thic.ness an" 6eb thic.ness are -0 mm :oment o8 inertia
about the hori?ontal neutral a%is is 1.134 102 mm4. ;in" the shear stress at the neutral a%is an" at the
unction o8 the 6eb an" the 8lange.
A3. A beam is o8 T-section9 8lange 12 cm b( 1 cm9 6eb 10 cm b( 1 cm. 1hat $ercentage o8 the shearing
8orce at an( section is carrie" b( the 6ebO
A4. ;or the section sho6n in ;ig. 2.129 "etermine the a!erage shearing stresses at A9 B9 C9 an" C 8or a
shearing 8orce o8 20.*. Cra6 also the shear stress "istribution across the section.
B1. &ro!e that the shear stress "istribution in a rectangular section o8 a beam 6hich is subecte" to a shear
8orce # is gi!en b(
2
2
2 4
# d
y
_

,
B2. A rectangular beam 100 mm 6i"e an" 1-0 mm "ee$ is subecte" to a shear 8orce o8 30.*. CetermineD
5i7 a!erage shear stress an" 5ii7 ma%imum shear stress.
B3. A timber beam o8 rectangular section is sim$l( su$$orte" at the en"s an" carries a $oint loa" the centre
o8 the beam. The length o8 the beam is / m an" "e$th o8 beam is 1 m. Cetermine the ma%imum ben"ing
stress an" the ma%imum shear stress.
B4. A timber beam 100 mm 6i"e an" 1-0 mm "ee$ su$$orts a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 intensit( 6
.*>m length o!er a s$an o8 2 m I8 the sa8e stresses are 22 *>mm2 in ben"ing an" 2 *>mm2 in shear9
calculate the sa8e intensit( o8 the loa" 6hich can be su$$orte" b( the beam.
C1. A circular beam o8 10- mm "iameter is subecte" to a shear 8orce o8 - .*. CalculateD 5i7 a!erage shear
stress9 an" 5ii7 ma%imum shear stress. Also s.etch the !ariation o8 the shear stress along the "e$th o8
the beam.
C2. A beam o8 I-section is ha!ing o!erall "e$th as -00 mm an" o!erall 6i"th as 130mm. The thic.ness o8
8langes is 2- mm 6hereas the thic.ness o8 the 6eb is 1- mm. The moment o8 inertia about *.A is
gi!en as /.4- 10
2
mm
4
. I8 the section carries a shear 8orce o8 40 .*9 calculate the ma%imum shear
stress. Also s.etch the shear stress "istribution across the section.
C3. An I-section has 8langes o8 6i"th b an" the o!erall "e$th is 2b. The 8langes an" 6eb are o8 uni8orm
thic.ness t. ;in" the ratio o8 the ma%imum shear stress to the a!erage shear stress.
C4. An I-section has the 8ollo6ing "imensionsD
8langes D 1-0 mm 20 mm
6eb D 30 mm 10 mm
The ma%imum shear stress "e!elo$e" in the beam is 1/.2 *>mm2. ;in" the shear 8orce to 6hich the
beam is subecte".
UNIT ! V
A1. A cantile!er o8 length 2 m carries a $oint loa" o8 30 .* at the 8ree en" an" another loa" o8 30 .* at its
centre. I8 EI E 1013 *>mm2 8or the cantile!er then "etermine b( moment area metho"9 the slo$e an"
"e8lection at the 8ree en" o8 cantile!er.
A2. Cetermine the "e8lection at the 8ree en" o8 a cantile!er 6hich is 2 m long an" carries a $oint loa" o8 3
.* at the 8ree en" an" a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 2 .*>m o!er a length o8 1 m 8rom the 8i%e" en".
A3. A beam ABC o8 length 12 metre has one su$$ort at the le8t en" an" other su$$ort at a "istance o8 2 m
8rom the le8t en". The beam carries a $oint loa" o8 12 .* at the right en" as sho6n in ;ig. 12.22. ;in"
the slo$es o!er each su$$ort an" at the right en". ;in" also the "e8lection at the right en".
Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
an" E - 10
2
mm
4
.
A4. An o!erhanging beam ABC is loa"e" as sho6n in ;ig. 12.23. Cetermine the "e8lection o8 the beam at
$oint C. Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
an" I E - 10
2
mm
4
B1. A cantile!er o8 length 2 m carries a $oint loa" o8 .* at the 8ree en". I8 moment o8 inertia I E 10
2
mm
4
an" !alue o8 E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
9 then 8in"D
5i7 slo$e o8 the cantile!er at the 8ree en" an"
5ii7 "e8lection at the 8ree en".
B2. A cantile!er o8 length 30 m carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 .*>m length o!er the entire length.
I8 moment o8 inertia o8 the beam E 102 mm3 an" !alue o8 E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
. "etermine the slo$e an"
"e8lection at the 8ree en".
B3. A beam - m long sim$l( su$$orte" at its en"s9 carries a $oint loa" 1 at its centre. I8 the slo$e at the
en"s o8 the beam is not to e%cee" 109 m 6hich is carr(ing a $oint loa" o8 10 .* at a "istance / m 8rom
the le8t en".
B4. CetermineD 5i7 slo$e at the le8t su$$ort9 5ii7 "e8lection un"er the loa" an" 5iii7 ma%imum "e8lection o8
sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 length 10 m 6hich is carr(ing a $oint loa" o8 10 .* at a "istance / m 8rom
the le8t en". Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
an" E 1 10
2
mm
4
C1. A cantile!er o8 length 3 m carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o!er the entire length. I8 the slo$e at the
8ree en" is 0.01000 ra"ians9 8in" the "e8lection at the 8ree en".
C2. A cantile!er o8 length 3 carrier a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 1- .*>m o!er a length o8 2 m 8rom the
8ree en". I8 E 10
2
mm4 an" E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
9 8in"D 5i7 slo$e at the 8ree en" an" 5ii7 "e8lection
at the 8ree en".
C3. A beam o8 uni8orm rectangular section is sim$l( su$$orte" at its en"s. It carries a uni8orml( "istribute"
loa" o8 3.30- .*>m run o!er the entire length. Calculate the 6i"th an" "e$th o8 the beam i8
$ermissible ben"ing stress is 0 *>mm
2
an" ma%imum "e8lection is not to e%cee" 0.3- cm.
C4. A beam o8 length / m is sim$l( su$$orte" at its en"s. Its en"s. It carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa"
o8 10 .*>m as sho6n in ;ig. 12.21. Cetermine the "e8lection o8 the beam at its mi"-$oint an" also the
$osition an" the ma%imum "e8lection.
UNIT VI
A1. A #ectangular bar o8 cross-sectional area 12000 mm
2
is subecte" to an a%ial loa" o8 3/0 *>mm
2
.
Cetermine the normal an" shear stresses on a section 6hich is incline" at an angle o8 30
0
6ith the
normal cross-section o8 the bar.
A2. ;in" the "iameter o8 a circular bar 6hich is subecte" to an a%ial $ull o8 1-0 .*9 i8 the ma%imum
normal cross-section o8 the bar.
A3. A rectangular bar o8 cross-sectional area 10000 mm
2
is subecte" to a tensile loa" $ as sho6n in 8igure.
The $ermissible normal an" shear stresses on the obli'ue $lane BC are gi!en as 2 *>mm
2
an" 4 *>mm
2
res$ecti!el(. Cetermine the sa8e !alue o8 $.
Fi7+10
A4. The $rinci$al tensile stress at a $oint across t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular $lanes are 100 *>mm
2
an" -0
*>mm
2
. Cetermine the normal9 tangential an" resultant stresses on a $lane incline" at 30
0
to the a%is o8
the minor $rinci$al stress. An" also b( gra$hical metho" using :ohr=s circle o8 stresses.
A-. The $rinci$al stresses at a $oint in a bar are 1/0 *>mm
2
5tensile7 an" 20 *>mm
2
5com$ressi!e7.
Cetermine the resultant stress in magnitu"e an" "irection on a $lane incline" at /0
0
to the a%is o8 the
maor $rinci$al stress. Also "etermine the ma%imum intensit( o8 shear stress in the material at the
$oint. An" also b( gra$hical metho" using :ohr=s circle o8 stresses.
B1. At a $oint in a straine" material9 $rinci$al stresses are 140 *>mm
2
5tensile7 an" /0 *>mm
2
5com$ressi!e7. Cetermine the resultant stress in magnitu"e an" "irection on a $lane incline" at 4-
0
to
the a%is o8 the maor $rinci$al stress. 1hat is the ma%imum intensit( o8 shear stress in the material at
the $ointO
B2. At a $oint 6ithin a bo"( subecte" to t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular "irections9 the stresses are 100
*>mm
2
5tensile7 an" 0- *>mm
2
5tensile7. Each o8 the abo!e stresses is accom$anie" b( a shear stress o8
0- *>mm
2
. Cetermine the normal9 shear an" resultant stresses on an obli'ue $lane incline" at an angle
o8 4-
0
6ith the a%is o8 minor tensile stress an" also "etermine 5i7 the "irection an" magnitu"e o8 each o8
the $rinci$al stress an" 5ii7 magnitu"e o8 the greatest shear stress.
B3. Cirect stresses o8 1/0 *>mm
2
tensile an" 120 *>mm
2
com$ressi!e e%ist on t6o $er$en"icular $lanes at
a certain $oint in a bo"(. The( are also accom$anie" b( shear stresses on the $lanes. 5i7 1hat must be
the magnitu"e o8 the shearing stresses on the t6o $lanesO 5ii7 1hat 6ill be the ma%imum shearing
stress at the $ointO
B4. At a certain $oint in a straine" material9 the stresses on the t6o $lanes at right angles to each other are
40 *>mm
2
an" 20 *>mm
2
both tensile. The( are accom$anie" b( a shear stress o8 magnitu"e 20 *>mm
2
.
;in" gra$hicall( or other6ise9 the location o8 $rinci$al $lanes an" e!aluate the $rinci$al stresses.
B-. A $oint in a straine" material is subecte" to stresses sho6n in 8igure. +sing :ohr=s circle metho"9
"etermine the normal an" tangential stresses across the obli'ue $lane. Chec. the ans6er anal(ticall(.
Fi7+10
C1. An elemental cube is subecte" to tensile stresses o8 /0 *>mm
2
an" 20 *>mm
2
acting on t6o mutuall(
$er$en"icular $lanes an" a shear stress o8 20 *>mm
2
on these $lanes. Cra6 the :ohr=s circle o8
stresses an" hence or other6ise "etermine the magnitu"es an" "irections o8 $rinci$al stresses an" also
the greatest shear stress.
C2. A straine" material is subecte" to t6o "imensional stresses. &ro!e that the sum o8 the normal
com$onents o8 stresses on an( t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular $lanes is constant.
C3. At a $oint in a t6o "imensional s(stem9 the normal stress on t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular $lanes are 1
an" 2 5both ali.e7 an" shear stress is . Sho6 that one o8 the $rinci$al stresses is ?ero i8
1 2
.
C4. A rectangular bloc. o8 material is subecte" to a tensile stress o8 100 *>mm
2
on one $lane an" a tensile
stress o8 -0 *>mm
2
on a $lane at right angles9 together 6ith shear stresses o8 /0 *>mm
2
on the 8aces.
;in"D
i7 the "irection o8 $rinci$al $lanes.
ii7 the magnitu"e o8 $rinci$al stresses an"
iii7 magnitu"e o8 the greatest shear stress.
C-. 1hat "o (ou un"erstan" b( the term GTheories o8 8ailureHO *ame the im$ortant theories o8 8ailure. An"
e%$lain the 8ollo6ing theories o8 8ailure.
i7 :a%imum $rinci$al stress theor(.
ii7 :a%imum $rinci$al strain theor(.
iii7 :a%imum shear stress theor(
i!7 :a%imum strain energ( theor(.
!7 :a%imum shear strain energ( theor(.
UNIT ! VII
A1. A c(lin"rical shell 100 cm long 20 cm internal "iameter ha!ing thic.ness o8 metal as 10 mm is 8ille"
6ith 8lui" at atmos$heric $ressure. I8 an a""itional 20 cm
3
o8 8lui" is $um$e" into c(lin"er 8in 5i7 the
$ressure e%erte" b( the 8lui" on the c(lin"er an" 5ii7 the hoo$ stress in"uce". Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
an"
E 0.3.
A2. A c(lin"rical !essel 6hose en"s are close" b( means o8 rigi" 8lange $lates9 is ma"e o8 steel $lane 4 mm
thic.. The length an" the internal "iameter o8 the !essel are 100 cm an" 30 cm res$ecti!el(. Cetermine
the longitu"inal an" hoo$ stresses in the c(lin"rical shell "ue an internal 8lui" $ressure o8 2 *>mm
2
.
Also calculate the increase in length9 "iameter an" !olume o8 the !essel. Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
an"
E 0.3.
A3. A thin c(lin"rical tube 100 mm internal "iameter an" - mm thic. is close" at the en"s an" is subecte"
to an internal $ressure o8 - *>mm
2
. A tor'ue o8 22000 *m is also a$$lie" to the tube. ;in" the hoo$
stress9 longitu"inal stress9 ma%imum an" minimum $rinci$al stresses an" the ma%imum shear stress.
A4. A co$$er c(lin"er9 100 cm long9 -0 cm e%ternal "iameter an" 6all thic.ness - mm has its both en"s
close" b( rigi" blan. 8langes. It is initiall( 8ull o8 oil at atmos$heric $ressure. Calculate the a""itional
!olume o8 oil 6hich must be $um$e" into it in or"er to raise the oil $ressure to 4 *>mm
2
. Ta.e bul.
mo"ulus o8 oil as 2.- 10
3
*>mm
2
.
B1. 5a7 &ro!e that the circum8erence stress 5
17 an" longitu"inal stress 5
27 are gi!en b(
1
2
p d
t
2
4
p d
t
1here $ E Internal 8lui" $ressure

" E Internal "iameter o8 thin c(lin"er
t E Thic.ness o8 6all o8 the thin c(lin"er
5b7 Ceri!e an e%$ression 8or circum8erential stress an" longitu"inal stress 8or a thin shell subecte" to an
internal $ressure.
B2. A c(lin"er o8 internal "iameter 0./0 m contains air at a $ressure o8 0.- *>mm
2
5gauge7. I8 the ma%imum
$ermissible stress in"uce" in the material is 0- *>mm
2
9 8in" the thic.ness o8 the c(lin"er.
B3. A thin c(lin"er o8 internal "iameter 2.0 m contains a 8lui" at an internal $ressure o8 3 *>mm2.
Cetermine the ma%imum thic.ness o8 the c(lin"er i8 5i7 the longitu"inal stress is not to e%cee" 30
*>mm
2
an" 5ii7 the circum8erential stress is not to e%cee" 40 *>mm
2
.
B4. A boiler is subecte" to an internal steam $ressure o8 3 * mm2. The thic.ness o8 the boiler $late is 2.-
cm an" the $ermissible tensile stress is 12- *>mm2. ;in" out the ma%imum "iameter 6hen e88icienc(
o8 longitu"inal oint is 30Q an" that o8 circum8erential oint is 3-Q
C1. A boiler shell is to be ma"e o8 20 mm thic. $late ha!ing a limiting tensile stress o8 12- *>mm
2
. I8 the
e88iciencies o8 the longitu"inal an" circum8erential oints are 20Q an" 30Q.
C2. 5i7 The ma%imum $ermissible "iameter o8 the shell 8or an internal $ressure o8 2.- *>mm
2
9 an"
5ii7 &ermissible intensit( o8 internal $ressure 6hen the shell "iameter is 1./ m.
C3. A c(lin"er o8 thic.ness 2.0 cm has to 6ithstan" ma%imum internal $ressure o8 2 *>mm2.I8 the ultimate
tensile stress in the material o8 the c(lin"er is 232 *>mm
2
9 8actor o8 sa8et( 4 an" oint e88icienc( 20Q
"etermine the "iameter o8 the c(lin"er.
C4. A thin c(lin"rical shell o8 120 cm "iameter9 1.- cm thic. an" / m long is subecte" to internal 8lui"
$ressure o8 2.- *>mm
2
. I8 the !alue o8 E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
an" &oisson=s ratio E 0.3 calculate 5i7 change
in "iameter9 5ii7 change in length9 an" 5iii7 change in !olume.
UNIT ! VIII
A1. A com$oun" c(lin"er is ma"e b( shrin.ing a c(lin"er o8 e%ternal "iameter 200 mm an" internal
"iameter 1/0 mm o!er another c(lin"er o8 e%ternal "iameter 1/0 mm an" internal "iameter 120 mm.
The ra"ial $ressure at the unction a8ter shrin.ing is 2 *>mm
2
. ;in" the 8inal stresses set u$ across the
section9 6hen the com$oun" c(lin"er is subecte" to an internal 8lui" $ressure o8 /0 *>mm
2
.
A2. A steel c(lin"er o8 200 mm e%ternal "iameter is to be shrun. to another steel c(lin"er o8 100 mm
internal "iameter. A8ter shrin.ing the "iameter at the unction is 1-0 mm an" ra"ial $ressure at the
unction is 12.- *>mm. ;in" the original "i88erence in ra"ii at the unction. Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
.
A3. A steel tube 240 mm e%ternal "iameter is to be shrun. on another steel tube o8 20 mm internal
"iameter. A8ter shrin.ing9 the "iameter at the unction is 1/0 mm. Be8ore shrin.ing on9 the "i88erence
o8 "iameters at the unction 6as 0.02 mm. Calculate the ra"ial $ressure at the unction an" hoo$
stresses "e!elo$e" in the t6o tubes a8ter shrin.ing on. Ta.e E E 2 10
-
*>mm
2
.
A4. A thin. s$herical shell o8 400 mm internal "iameter is subecte" to an internal 8lui" $ressure o8 1.-
*>mm
2
. I8 the $ermissible tensile stress in the shell material is 3 *>mm
2
. 8in" the necessar( thic.ness o8
the shell.
B1. Ci88erentiate bet6een a thin c(lin"er an" a thic. c(lin"er. ;in" an e%$ression 8or the ra"ial $ressure
an" hoo$ stress at an( $oint in case o8 a thic. c(lin"er an" 1hat "o (ou mean b( Bame=s e'uationsO
<o6 6ill (ou "eri!e these e'uationsO
B2. GThe hoo$ stress is minimum at the outer sur8ace an" is ma%imum at the inner sur8ace o8 a thic.
c(lin"er=9 $ro!e this statement. S.etch the ra"ial $ressure "istribution an" hoo$ stress "istribution
across the section o8 a thic. c(lin"er.
B3. 1hat "o (ou mean b( a thic. com$oun" c(lin"erO <o6 6ill (ou "etermine the hoo$ stresses in a thic.
com$oun" c(lin"er.
B4. 1hat are the "i88erent metho"s o8 re"ucing hoo$ stressesO E%$lain the termsD 1ire 6in"ing o8 thin
c(lin"ers an" shrin.ing one c(lin"er o!er another c(lin"er.
C1. &ro!e that the original "i88erence in ra"ii at the unction o8 a com$oun" c(lin"er 8or shrin.age is gi!en
b(
1 2
2 K
5 7
r
dr a a
E

6here rK E Common ra"ius a8ter shrin.ing
E E Loung=s mo"ulus
a1 an" a2 E Constants 6hose !alues are obtaine" 8rom the boun"ar( con"itions.
C2. Ceri!e an e%$ression 8or the ra"ian $ressure an" hoo$ stress 8or a thic. s$herical shell
C3. Cetermine the ma%imum hoo$ stress across the section o8 a $i$e o8 e%ternal "iameter /00 mm an"
internal "iameter 440 mm9 6hen the $i$e is subecte" to an internal 8lui" $ressure o8 0 *>mm
2
.
C4. ;in" the thic.ness o8 metal necessar( 8or a c(lin"rical shell o8 internal "iameter 1-0 mm to 6ithstan"
an internal $ressure o8 -0 *>mm
2
. The ma%imum hoo$ stress in the section is not to e%cee" 1-0 *>mm
2
.
1.11 QUESTION BAN" =UNIT &ISE
i JNTU
UNIT ! I
1. 5a7 1hat is a homogeneous an" isotro$ic materialO
5b7 Ce8ine the terms stress an" strain. State their units.
5c7 A steel ro" ha!ing circular cross section ta$ers uni8orml( 8rom -0mm "iameter at one en" to 3-mm
"iameter at the other en" in a length o8 0.0m. Ta.e EE 210 .*>mm2. It is subecte" to an a%ial
com$ression o8 --.* at the en"s. ;in" the "e8ormation o8 the bar b( "eri!ing the e%$ression in!ol!e"9
8rom 8irst $rinci$les. 5Aug 027
2. 5a7 E%$lain the terms Elasticit( an" &lasticit(. ,i!e e%am$les.
5b7 A steel $late o8 constant thic.ness o8 10 mm is ha!ing a brea"th o8 120mm at one en" an" uni8orml(
!aries to a brea"th o8 -0mm at the other en". It is subecte" to an a%ial tensile 8orce o8 --.* at the
en"s. Ta.e EE 200.*>mm2.The length o8 the $late is 0.0m.Ceri!e the e%$ression in!ol!e" 8rom 8irst
$rinci$les an" hence 8in" the total e%tension. 5Aug 027
3. 5a7 E%$lain the terms PCuctilit(= an" P:alleabilit(=. ,i!e e%am$les.
5b7 State <oo.=s la6 an" hence "e8ine mo"ulus o8 elasticit(
5c7 T6o !ertical ro"s9 one o8 steel an" the other o8 bron?e are each 8astene" at the u$$er en" at a "istance
o8 -00mm a$art. Each ro" is 1m long an" 10mm in "iameter. A hori?ontal rigi" bar connects the lo6er
en"s o8 the bar an" a loa" o8 10.* is $lace" so that the bar remains hori?ontal. ;in" the $osition o8 the
loa" on the cross bar an" the stresses in each ro". Ta.e mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 steel an" brass as
200.*>mm2 an" /0.*>mm
2
. 5Aug 027
4. 5a7 Cra6 a neat s.etch o8 t($ical stress-strain cur!e obtain 8rom "irect tension test on a mil" steel ro" an"
e%$lain the salient $oints.
5b7 E%$lain the terms "uctilit( an" malleabilit(. ,i!e e%am$les.
5c7 T6o !ertical ro"s one o8 steel an" another o8 brass an" each 8astene" at the u$$er en" at a "istance o8 1
m a$art. Each ro" is 1.2 m long an" the "iameter o8 steel ro" is 2- mm an" that o8 brass ro" is 30mm. A
hori?ontal rigi" bar connects the lo6er en"s o8 the bar an" is $lace" a loa" o8 - .* so that the bar
remains hori?ontal. ;in" the $osition o8 the loa" on the cross-bar an" the stresses in each ro". Ta.e
Esteel E 2.1 R 10- :&a an" Ebrass E 1 R 10- :&a. 5Aug 027
-. 5a7 Ceri!e the relationshi$ bet6een the three elastic constants.
5b7 A bar o8 steel 2-mm "iameter is subecte" to a tensile loa" o8 30.* an" the measure" e%tension on a
200mm gauge length is 0.02 mm an" the change in "iameter is 2.32 R10S3 mm. Calculate the &oisson=s
ratio an" the !alues o8 three mo"ulii. 5Aug 027
/. S.etch the stress - strain "iagram 8or a brittle material mar.ing the salient $oints on it. <o6 is this
cur!e "i88erent 8rom that o8 a "uctile material. E%$lain the $roce"ure o8 obtaining the (iel" stress o8
materials not ha!ing a 6ell "e8ine" (iel" $oint. 5*o! 0-7
0. ;in" the &oisson=s ratio an" Bul. mo"ulus o8 a material 6hose mo"ulus o8 elasticit( is 200 ,&a an"
mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( is 20 ,&a. A 2 m long ro" o8 40 mm "ia. ma"e 6ith the same material is stretche"
b( 2.- mm un"er some a%ial loa". ;in" the lateral contraction. 5*o! 007
2. T6o !ertical 6ires are sus$en"e" 8rom a rigi" su$$ort at to$ at a hori?ontal "istance o8 /0cm a$art.
Both 6ires are initiall( 4.- m long. At their lo6er en"s there is a rigi" hori?ontal bar carr(ing a loa" &.
The le8t steel 6ire is o8 1 mm "ia. 1hile the right co$$er 6ire is o8 1.- mm "ia. ;in" the $osition o8
loa" &9 i8 both 6ires e%ten" b( the same amount. ;in" the slo$e o8 rigi" bar i8 a loa" o8 300 * is hung
at the center o8 bar. *eglect the 6eight o8 the bar. Ta.e ES E 130 ,*>m2. 5*o! 007
3. E%$lain the 8ollo6ing D -
5a7 1or.ing stress
5b7 ;actor o8 sa8et(
5c7 Folumetric strain
5"7 &oisson=s ratio. 5*o! 009 *o! 037
mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( is 20 ,&a. A 2 m long ro" o8 40 mm "ia. :a"e 6ith the same material is stretche"
b( 2.- mm un"er some a%ial loa". ;in" the lateral contraction. 5*o! 007
11. E%$lain the ;ollo6ingD -
5a7 Elasticit( an" &lasticit(
5b7 Cuctilit( an" :alleabilit(
5c7 Stress an" Strain
5"7 Bimit o8 $ro$ortionalit( an" Elastic Bimit 5*o! 007
12. State <oo.=s la6. S.etch the stress- strain "iagram 8or a "uctile material li.e mil" steel teste" un"er
tension u$ to "estruction9 mar.ing the salient $oints on it. E%$lain the signi8icance o8 each $oint.
5*o! 009 *o! 0-7
13. A steel bolt o8 /-0 s'.mm C.S.A $asses centrall( through a co$$er tube o8 C.S.A. 1200 s'. mm. the
tube is -00 mm long an" is close" b( rigi" 6ashers 6hich are 8astene" b( the threa"s on the steel bolt.
The $itch o8 the threa" is 3 mm. I8 the nut is tightene" through 3009 8in" the stresses in the bolt an" the
tube. 5*o! 007
14. A uni8orm metal ro" o8 length B an" "ia. C hangs !erticall( 8rom its u$$er en". Ceri!e an e%$ression
8or the total elongation o8 the bar "ue to its sel8 6eight i8 E is the mo"ulus o8 elasticit( an" T its "ensit(.
Sho6 that this elongation E that $ro"uce" b( a loa" o8 hal8 its 6eight a$$lie" at its en". 5;eb 007
1-. A s$ecimen o8 material ha!ing 12mm "ia. is teste" un"er tension o!er a gauge length o8 -0mm. At
20.* loa" the e%tension 6as 0.03-mm. The ma%. loa" ta.en b( the s$ecimen 6as /0.* an" the8racture
occurre" at 40.*. ;in" the mo"ulus o8 elasticit(9 ultimate strength9 brea.ing strength an" $ercentage
elongation9 i8 the 8inal length o8 the s$ecimen 6as 00mm. 5;eb 007
1/. 5a7 E%$lain the terms GElasticit(H9 G&lasticit(H9 HFolumetric strainH an" H&oisson=s ratioH.
5b7 A bar o8 length 1m ta$ers uni8orml( in "ia 8rom 40mm at one en" to 3-mm at the other. ;in" the
"ecrease in length "ue to an a%ial com$ressi!e loa" o8 140.*. Ta.e E E 200 ,*>m2. 5;eb 007
10. 5a7 State <oo.=s la6 an" "e8ine the terms Loung=s mo"ulus9 #igi"it( mo"ulus9 an" bul. mo"ulus.
5b7 The mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 a material is 200 ,*>m2 an" the mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( is 20 ,*>m2. ;in"
the &oisson=s ratio o8 the material an" its bul. mo"ulus. 5;eb 007
12. 5a7 S.etch the stress-strain "iagram 8or a "uctile material li.e mil" steel teste" in tension u$ to 8ailure an"
mar. the salient $oints on it.
5b7 A steel 6ire 3mm in "ia. an" 2m long is e%ten"e" b( 0.0- mm 6hen a 6eight 1 is sus$en"e" 8rom the
6ire. I8 the same loa" is sus$en"e" 8rom a brass 6ire 2mm in "ia an" 2.-m long. It is elongate" b(
4./4mm. ;in" the mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 brass9 i8 that o8 steel is 200 ,*>m2. 5;eb 007
13. 5a7 Ce8ine the 8ollo6ingD
i. 1or.ing stress
ii. ;actor o8 sa8et(
iii. Bateral strain
i!. &oisson=s ratio
5b7 In a tension test the bar is 8oun" to ta$er 8rom 5CUa7 "ia. to 5C-a7 "ia. &ro!e that the error in!ol!e" in
using the mean "ia to calculate the Loung=s mo"ulus is 510a>C72 &ercent. 5;eb 007
20. 5a7 E%$lain the terms GElasticit(H9 G&lasticit(H9 HFolumetric strainH an" H&oisson=s ratioH.
5b7 A bar o8 length 1m ta$ers uni8orml( in "ia 8rom 40mm at one en" to 3-mm at the other. ;in" the
"ecrease in length "ue to an a%ial com$ressi!e loa" o8 140.*. Ta.e E E 200 ,*>m2. 5;eb 007
21. 5a7 State <oo.=s la6 an" "e8ine the terms Loung=s mo"ulus9 #igi"it( mo"ulus9 an" bul. mo"ulus. V/W
5b7 The mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 a material is 200 ,*>m2 an" the mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( is 20 ,*>m2. ;in"
the &oisson=s ratio o8 the material an" its bul. mo"ulus. 5;eb 007
22. 5a7 S.etch the stress-strain "iagram 8or a "uctile material li.e mil" steel teste" in tension u$ to 8ailure an"
mar. the salient $oints on it.
5b7 A steel 6ire 3mm in "ia. an" 2m long is e%ten"e" b( 0.0- mm 6hen a 6eight 1 is sus$en"e" 8rom the
6ire. I8 the same loa" is sus$en"e" 8rom a brass 6ire 2mm in "ia an" 2.-m long. It is elongate" b(
4./4mm. ;in" the mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 brass9 i8 that o8 steel is 200 ,*>m2. 5;eb 007
Assume suitable "ata 6here!er necessar(.
23. 5a7 Ce8ine the 8ollo6ingD
i. 1or.ing stress
ii. ;actor o8 sa8et(
iii. Bateral strain
i!. &oisson=s ratio
5b7 In a tension test the bar is 8oun" to ta$er 8rom 5CUa7 "ia. to 5C-a7 "ia. &ro!e that the error in!ol!e" in
using the mean "ia to calculate the Loung=s mo"ulus is 510a>C72 &ercent. 5;eb 007
24. Cetermine the changes in length9 6i"th an" thic.ness o8 a steel bar -0 mm long9 2- mm 6i"e an" 1-
mm thic. i8 it is subecte" to an a%ial $ull o8 40 .*. Ta.e E E 200 ,&a an" &oisson=s ratio E 0.3.
5;eb 007
2-. ;in" the &oisson=s ratio an" Bul. mo"ulus o8 a material 6hose mo"ulus o8 elasticit( is 200 ,&a an"
mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( is 20 ,&a. A 2 m long ro" o8 40 mm "ia. :a"e 6ith the same material is stretche"
b( 2.- mm un"er some a%ial loa". ;in" the lateral contraction. 5*o! 0-7
2/. State <oo.=s la6. S.etch the stress- strain "iagram 8or a "uctile material li.e mil" steel teste" un"er
5*o! 0-7
20. The ma%. $ressure in a steam engine c(lin"er o8 internal "ia. 30 cm is 1 :&a 5gauge7. ;in" the stress in
the $iston ro" i8 it is - cm in "ia. 1hat is the elongation o8 the ro" i8 it is 20 cm long? Ta.e E E 200
,&a. I8 the allo6able stress in the co!er bolts is 40 *> mm
2
9 8in" the number o8 1/ mm "ia. bolts
necessar( to 8asten the co!er to the c(lin"er. Assume the core "ia. o8 bolts as 13.23- mm. 5:a( 047
22. Cetermine the changes in length9 6i"th an" thic.ness o8 a steel bar -0 mm long9 2- mm 6i"e an"
1- mm thic. i8 it is subecte" to an a%ial $ull o8 40 .*. Ta.e E E 200 ,&a an" &oisson=s ratio E
0.3. 5:a( 047
23. a7 1hat "o (ou un"erstan" b( (iel"ing9 strain A har"ening9 nec. 8ormation an" $ermanent set.
5b7 ;in" the minimum "ia. o8 a steel 6ire 6ith 6hich a loa" o8 4000 * can be raise" so that the tensile
stress in the 6ire ma( not e%cee" 130 *>mm
2
calculate the e%tension o8 the 6ire9 i8 it is 3 m long. Ta.e
EE200,&a. 5:a( 047
mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( is 20 ,&a. A 2 m long ro" o8 40 mm "ia. ma"e 6ith the same material is stretche"
b( 2.- mm un"er some a%ial loa". ;in" the lateral contraction. 5:a( 047
31. An #.C.Column 30cm X 30cm in section carries a loa" o8 300.*. I8 it is rein8orce" 6ith 4 *os. 20mm
"ia. bars 8in" the loa" carrie" b( concrete an" steel an" the stresses in"uce" in them.
Ta.e ES E 200 ,&a I EC E 1- ,$a 5*o! 047
32. A bar o8 length 20 cm ta$ers uni8orml( 8rom 40 mm "ia. to 3-mm "ia. calculate the change in its
length "ue to an a%ial $ull o8 100.*9 i8 E E 200,&a. Ceri!e the 8ormula use" in the calculations.
5*o! 047
33. A steel tube o8 internal "ia. 100mm an" e%ternal "ia. 12-mm is surroun"e" b( a brass tube o8 e%ternal
"ia. 1-0mm. The com$osite bar is subecte" to an a%ial $ull o8 10.*. ;in" the loa" carrie" b( each tube
an" the stresses an" strains "e!elo$e" in them i8 ES E 200 ,$a an" Eb E 100 ,&a. 5*o! 047
34. Ceri!e the relation bet6een
a7 :o"ulus o8 elasticit( 5E7 an" mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( 5*7
b7 :o"ulus o8 elasticit( 5E7 an" bul. mo"ulus 5@7
c7 <ence sho6 that E E 3@*>53@U*7 5*o! 047
3-. 1rite short notes onD
a7 #esilience
b7 #i!ete" boiler shells
c7 Com$osite bars
"7 Ci88erential e'uation 8or the elastic line o8 a beam. 5)une 037
3/. 5a7 Cescribe the beha!iors o8 a mil" steel bar9 subecte" to a%ial tension9 u$ to 8ailure. S.etch the stress-
strain cur!e 8or the same9 highlighting the !arious $oints thereon.
b7 ;in" suitable "iameter to be $ro!i"e" 8or a mil" steel bar to carr( an a%ial tensile loa" o8 40.*. The
allo6able ma%imum stress is to be com$ute" 8rom the (iel" stress o8 2-0:&a 6ith a 8actor o8 sa8et( o8
1./. The change in the length o8 the bar is not to e%cee" 0.0-Q. Ta.e E E 200,&a. 5)une 037
30. a7 Ci88erentiate Cuctilit(9 :alleabilit( an" brittleness o8 materials.
b7 A rigi" bar AB is hinge" at C an" connecte" 6ith a steel ro" an" co$$er ro" at A an" B res$ecti!el(9 as
sho6n in 8ig.1. Both the ro"s are rigi"l( 8i%e" 6ith the ceiling at the u$$er en"s. A loa" o8 /0.* is
a$$lie" at B. 8in" the magnitu"e o8 stresses in the steel ro" an" the co$$er ro". Area o8 cross-section
o8 steel an" co$$er ro"s are 400mm
2
an" /00mm
2
res$ecti!el(. Ta.e Es E 2%10
-
*>mm
2
an" Ec E 1.1 %
10
-
*>mm
2
. 5)une 037
32. a7 Ce8ine
i7 :o"ulus o8 rigi"it(
ii7 &oisson=s ratio
iii7 Folumetric strain
i!7 Bul. mo"ulus.
b7 A com$osite bar ma"e u$ o8 aluminum an" steel is hel" bet6een t6o su$$orts as sho6n in 8ig1. The
bars are stress 8ree at a tem$erature o8 40
o
C. 1hat 6ill be the stresses in the t6o bars 6hen the
tem$erature "ro$s to 20
o
C i8 5i7 The su$$orts are un(iel"ing 5ii7 The su$$orts come nearer to each other
b( 0.1mm. Ta.e EAluminium E 0.0 % 10
-
:&a an" ESteel E 2.1 % 10
-
:&a. The coe88icient o8 thermal
e%$ansion 8or aluminum an" steel are 23.4 % 10
-/
$er
o
C an" 11.0 % 10
-/
$er
o
C res$ecti!el(. The cross-
sectional area o8 steel bar is 200 mm
2
an" that o8 aluminum bar is 300mm
2
. 5)une 037
33. a7 1hat "o (ou un"erstan" b( &oisson=s ratio an" elastic limitO
b7 I8 a tension bar is 8oun" to ta$er uni8orml( 8rom a "iameter o8 5C - a7m at one en" to 5CUa7m at the
other en"9 sho6 that the $ercentage error in!ol!e" in using the mean "iameter to calculate the Loung=s
mo"ulus is
2
10
,
_
%
a
. 5)une 037
40. E%$lain the ;ollo6ingD -
5a7 Elasticit( an" &lasticit(
5b7 Cuctilit( an" :alleabilit(
5c7 Stress an" Strain
5"7 Bimit o8 $ro$ortionalit( an" Elastic Bimit 5*o! 037
41. State <oo.=s la6. S.etch the stress- strain "iagram 8or a "uctile material li.e mil" steel teste" un"er
5*o! 037
42. S.etch the stress A strain "iagram 8or a brittle material mar.ing the salient $oints on it. <o6 is this
cur!e "i88erent 8rom that o8 a "uctile materialO E%$lain the $roce"ure o8 obtaining the (iel" stress o8
materials not ha!ing a 6ell "e8ine" (iel" $oint. 5*o!ember9 20037
43. A steel ro" o8 20mm "iameter $asses centrall( through a brass tube o8 40mm e%ternal "iameter an"
30mm internal "iameter. The tube is close" at each en" b( rigi" $lates o8 negligible thic.ness. The nuts
are tightene" lightl( home on the $roecte" $arts o8 the ro". I8 the tem$erature o8 the assemble is raise"
b( 200C9 calculate the stresses "e!elo$e" in brass an" steel. Ta.e Esteel E 210 ,&a9 Ebrass E 100 ,&a
Ysteel E 11.2 R 10S/ $er 0C9 Ybrass E 13 R 10S/ $er 0C. 5Aug 027
44. 5a7 Their tem$erature is raise" b( /-0C an" the loa" is no6 so a"uste" that the( e%ten" e'uall(.
Cetermine the loa" share" b( each ro". The outer t6o ro"s are o8 steel an" the mi""le one is o8 brass.
Ta.e Esteel E 2 Ebrass E 200 ,&a
Ysteel E 11 R 10S/ $er 0C9 Ybrass E 12 R 10S/ $er 0C.
5b7 Ce8ine the terms Bul. mo"ulus an" shear mo"ulus. 5Aug 037
4-. 5a7 A circular ro" 400mm long an" /0 mm in "iameter is subecte" to an a%ial $ull o8 3-0.*. The increase
in the length is 0.12mm an" the "ecrease in "iameter is 0.014mm. Calculate the !alues o8 &oisson=s
ratio9 :o"ulus o8 elasticit(9 Bul. :o"ulus an" #igi"it( :o"ulus.
5b7 1hat "o (ou mean b( Pa bar o8 uni8orm strength=. ,i!e the e%$ression 8or it an" e%$lain the terms.
5Aug 027
4/. A steel rail 10 m long is in the unstresse" con"ition at 100 C. I8 the tem$erature o8 the rail is increase"
to /0 0 C9 8in" the stress in"uce" i8 there is no $ro!ision 8or the e%$ansion o8 the rail. I8 there is a ga$ o8
- mm 6hat 6ill be the change in stress9 gi!en E E 200 ,*> m2 I a E 12 R 10 S/> 0C. 5*o! 0-7
40. #ails o8 1- m length 6ere lai" on the trac. 6hen the tem$erature 6as 200C. A ga$ o8 1.2 mm 6as .e$t
bet6een t6o consecuti!e rails. At 6hat ma% tem$erature the rails 6ill remain stress 8ree O I8 the
tem$erature is raise" 8urther b( 1-0C9 6hat 6ill be the magnitu"e an" nature o8 stresses in"uce" in the
railsO 5*o! 007
42. A 6eight o8 210 .* is su$$orte" b( three short $illars each o8 sectional area -00 mm2. The central
$illar is o8 steel an" the outer ones are o8 co$$er. The $illars are so a"uste" that at a tem$erature o8 1-0
C each carries e'ual loa". The tem$erature is then raise" to 3-0C. ;in" the stress in each $illar at 1-0C
an" 3-0 C. Ta.e Es E 200 ,&a an" EC E 20 ,&a Ys E 12 R 10S/ > 0C an" Yc E 12 R 10S/> 0C.
5*o! 007
43. A uni8orm metal bar o8 1.- m length9 area o8 section /00 mm2 has an elastic limit o8 1/0 * > mm2.
;in" its $roo8 resilience9 i8 E E 200 ,$a . ;in" also the ma%. a$$lie" loa" 6hich can be su""enl(
a$$lie" 6ithout e%cee"ing the elastic limit. Calculate the magnitu"e o8 the gra"uall( a$$lie" loa" 6hich
6ill $ro"uce the same e%tension. 5*o! 007
-0. A bar 1 m long is subecte" to an a%ial $ull 6hich $ro"uces a ma%. stress o8 1.- *>mm2. ;or the mi""le
10 cm length the sectional area is 100 mm2 an" 8or both the en" $ortions o8 lengths 4- cm the area is
200 mm2. Calculate the strain energ( store" in the bar9 i8 E E 200 ,$a. 5*o! 007
-1. 5a7 1hat "o (ou un"erstan" b( G resilienceH O
5b7 A steel bar o8 20 mm "ia. is $ulle" a%iall( b( a 8orce o8 12 . *. I8 the bar is 300 mm long9 calculate
the strain-energ( store" $er unit !olume an" the total strain energ( store" b( the bar. Ta.e E E 200 ,&a.
5:a( 049 *o! 007
-2. A steel bar o8 length 20 cm an" - cm R - c m in section is connecte" at its en" to an aluminum bar o8
2- cm length an" 2 cm R 2 cm in section9 such that the( ha!e a common longitu"inal a%is. ;in" the
loa" 6hich 6ill re"uce the total length b( 0.2- mm. ;in" also the total 6or. "one. Ta.e Es E 200 ,$a an"
Ea E 00 ,$a.
5;eb 007
-3. A steel rail 10 m long is in the unstresse" con"ition at 100 C. I8 the tem$erature o8 the rail is increase"
- mm 6hat 6ill be the change in stress9 gi!en E E 200 ,*> m2 I Y E 12 R 10 S/> 0C. 5;eb 007
-4. #ails o8 1- m length 6ere lai" on the trac. 6hen the tem$erature 6as 200C. A ga$ o8 1.2 mm 6as .e$t
railsO 5;eb 007
--. 5a7 E%$lain the terms strain energ(9 resilience9 an" mo"ulus o8 resilience.
5b7 A bar o8 length 4m an" /0mm "ia. hangs !erticall(. it has a collar securel( attache" at the lo6er en".
;in" the ma% stress in"uce" 6hen a 6eight o8 3.* 8alls 8rom a height o8 10cm on the collar assuming
the e%tension to be small in com$arison 6ith the height o8 8all. Ta.e E E200 ,*>m2. 5;eb 007
-/. 5a7 E%$lain the "i88erence bet6een gra"ual9 su""en an" im$act loa"ings.
5b7 Calculate the strain-energ( store" in a bar o8 length 3m an" 20mm in "ia i8 subecte" to a tensile loa" o8
100.*. Ta.e E E 200,*>m2. ;in" also the mo"ulus o8 resilience. 5;eb 007
-0. A steel ro$e lo6ers a loa" o8 1-.* at tge rate i8 1m>sec. 1hen the length o8 ro$e un6oun" is 10m9 it
gets amme" su""enl(. Calculate the instantaneous stress in"uce" in it "ue to su""en sto$$age an" the
ma%. instantaneous elongation i8 the ro$e is 30mm in "ia. Ta.e E E 200 ,*>m2 an" gE3.21m>sec2.
5;eb 007
-2. A 6eight o8 12.* is "ro$$e" on a collar attache" at the lo6er en" o8 a !ertical bar 3m long an" 30mm
in "ia. Calculate the height o8 "ro$ i8 the ma%. instantaneous stress is not to e%cee" 120*>mm2. Also
calculate the instantaneous elongation. Ta.e E E 200,*>m2. 5;eb 007
-3. 5a7 E%$lain the terms strain energ(9 resilience9 an" mo"ulus o8 resilience.
5b7 A bar o8 length 4m an" /0mm "ia. hangs !erticall(. it has a collar securel( attache" at the lo6er en".
;in" the ma% stress in"uce" 6hen a 6eight o8 3.* 8alls 8rom a height o8 10cm on the collar assuming
the e%tension to be small in com$arison 6ith the height o8 8all. Ta.e E E200 ,*>m2. 5;eb 007
/0. 5a7 E%$lain the "i88erence bet6een gra"ual9 su""en an" im$act loa"ings.
5b7 Calculate the strain-energ( store" in a bar o8 length 3m an" 20mm in "ia i8 subecte" to a tensile loa" o8
100.*. Ta.e E E 200,*>m2. ;in" also the mo"ulus o8 resilience. 5;eb 007
/1. A thin t(re is shrun. on a 6heel o8 1 m "ia. ;in" the internal "iameter. o8 the t(re9 i8 the circum8erential
stress is limite" to 30 *> mm2. ;in" also the least tem$erature to 6hich the t(re must be heate" abo!e
that o8 the 6heel9 be8ore it coul" be sli$$e" on. ;or the t(re material ta.e E E 200 ,&a an" Z E 12 R
10S/> 0C. 5*o! 0-7
/2. A 8lat steel bar 30 mm 6i"e an" - mm thic. is $lace" bet6een t6o bars o8 aluminum9 each 30 mm
6i"e an" 2 mm thic. to 8orm a com$oun" bar at 100C. Calculate the tem$erature stresses in"uce" at
--0 C ta.ing Es E 200 ,&a9 Ea E /0 ,&a9 ZS E 12 R 10S/> 0C an" Za E 24 R 10S/> 0C.
5*o! 0-7
/3. A steel rail 10 m long is in the unstresse" con"ition at 100 C. I8 the tem$erature o8 the rail is increase"
- mm 6hat 6ill be the change in stress9 gi!en E E 200 ,*> m2 I a E 12 R 10 S/> 0C. 5*o! 0-7
/4. #ails o8 1- m length 6ere lai" on the trac. 6hen the tem$erature 6as 200C. A ga$ o8 1.2 mm 6as .e$t
railsO 5*o! 0-9 :a( 047
/-. a7 A loa" o8 100 * 8alls b( gra!it( a !ertical "istance o8 2 m 6hen it is su""enl( sto$$e" b( a collar
at the en" o8 a !ertical bar 8or o8 length 4 m an" 20 mm "ia. The to$ o8 the bar is rigi"l( 8i%e" to a
ceiling. Calculate the ma%. stress an" strain in"uce" in the bar. Ta.e E E 200 ,&a.
b7 Ceri!e the e%$ression use" in the calculation o8 ma%. stress. 5:a( 047
//. a7 Ceri!e the e%$ression 8or the instantaneous stress "e!elo$e" in a bar o8 length B9 sectional area A9
subecte" to an a%ial loa" & a$$lie" gra"uall(. 1hat 6ill ha$$en i8 the loa" is su""enl( a$$lie".
b7 A steel ro" -0 mm "ia. is 3.- m long. ;in" the ma%. instantaneous stress in"uce" 6hen a
$ull o8 120 . * is su""enl( a$$lie" to it . ;in" also the instantaneous elongation9 Ta.e E E 200
,&a. 5:a( 047
/0. A steel 6ire 2.- mm "ia . is 8irml( hel" in a clam$ 8rom 6hich it hangs !erticall(. An an!il is
secure" to the 6ire 1.- m belo6 the clam$. The 6ore is to be teste" allo6ing a 6eight bore" to sli"e
o!er the 6ire to "ro$ 8reel( 8rom 1m height abo!e the an!il . ;in" the 6eight re'uire" to stress the
6ire to 300 * > mm
2
9 i8 E E 200 ,$a.
*eglect the 6eight o8 the an!il an" assume the 6ire to remain elastic. 5*o! 047
/2. A crane chain ha!ing sectional area /-0 mm
2
carries a loa" o8 12 . * . As it is being lo6ere" at a
uni8orm rate o8 40 m $er minute9 the chain got amme" su""enl(9 at 6hich time the length o8 the chain
un6oun" 6as 10 m . Calculate the stress in"uce" in the chain "ue to su""en sto$$age . *eglect the
6eight o8 the chain . Ta.e E E 200 ,$a. 5*o! 047
/3. A steel bar o8 length 20 cm an" - cm - c m in section is connecte" at its en" to an aluminum bar
o8 2- cm length an" 2 cm 2 cm in section9 such that the( ha!e a common longitu"inal a%is. ;in" the
loa" 6hich 6ill re"uce the total length b( 0.2- mm. ;in" also the total 6or. "one. Ta.e E s E 200
,$a an" E a E 00 ,$a. 5*o! 047
00. A steel ro" 100 mm
2
in cross section stretches b( 0.4 mm o!er a gauge length o8 -0 mm un"er an
a%ial loa" o8 30 . *. 1hat is the strain A energ( store" in it O I8 the loa" at the elastic-limit is 4- .
*9 8in" the elongation at elastic A limit an" the $roo8 resilience . 5*o! 047
01. 1rite short notes onD
a7 #esilience
b7 #i!ete" boiler shells
c7 Com$osite bars
"7 Ci88erential e'uation 8or the elastic line o8 a beam. 5)une 037
02. Cra6 the ben"ing moment an" shear 8orce "iagrams 8or a sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 2m carr(ing
concentrate" loa"s o8 20.*9 10.* an" -.* at 2m9 3m an" 4m 8rom the le8t en". Calculate the
magnitu"e an" location o8 ma%imum ben"ing moment. 5)une 037
03. a7 Ceri!e an e%$ression 8or the strain energ( in a material subecte" to a%ial loa"ing.
b7 Calculate the strain energ( store" in a rectangular bar -0mm 6i"e9 40mm thic. an" 2m long9 6hen it is
subecte" to a tensile loa" o8 20 @*. Ta.e EE 2 % 10
-
*>mm
2
. 5)une 037
04. A steel bar ABC is 8i%e" at its en"s A an" C. It consists o8 t6o $arts AB an" BC o8 same length. The
area o8 cross A section o8 AB is t6ice that o8 BC. ;in" the thermal stresses in"uce" i8 the tem$erature is
raise" b( 2-
0
C. Ta.e E E 200 ,&a an" E 12 10
-/
>
0
C 5*o! 037
0-. A 8lat steel bar 30 mm 6i"e an" - mm thic. is $lace" bet6een t6o bars o8 aluminum9 each 30 mm
6i"e an" 2 mm thic. to 8orm a com$oun" bar at 10
0
C. Calculate the tem$erature stresses in"uce" at
--
0
C ta.ing EsE200,&a9 EaE/0,&a9 S E 12 10
-/
>
0
C an" a E 24 10
-/
>
0
C. 5*o! 037
0/. A thin t(re is shrun. on a 6heel o8 1 m "ia. ;in" the internal "ia. o8 the t(re9 i8 the circum8erential
stress is limite" to 30 *> mm
2
. ;in" also the least tem$erature to 6hich the t(re must be heate" abo!e
that o8 the 6heel9 be8ore it coul" be sli$$e" on. ;or the t(re material ta.e E E 200 ,&a an" E
12 10
-/
>
0
C. 5*o! 037
00. A steel rail 10 m long is in the unstresse" con"ition at 10
0
C. I8 the tem$erature o8 the rail is increase"
to /0
0
C9 8in" the stress in"uce" i8 there is no $ro!ision 8or the e%$ansion o8 the rail. I8 there is a ga$ o8
- mm 6hat 6ill be the change in stress9 gi!en E E 200 ,*> m
2
I E 12 10
A/
>
0
C.
5*o! 037
02. CeZne the terms
5a7 <oo$ stress
5b7 Bongitu"inal stress an"
Ceri!e the e%$ressions 8or the same in thin s$herical shells. Also obtain the e%$ressions 8or change in
"iameter an" !olume. 5*o! 107
03. A steel ro" o8 ste$$e" section9 o8 total length 300 mm is subecte" to an a%ial tensile loa" o8 1-0 .*.
The le8t an" right en" $ortions are o8 constant "ia. -0 mm. ;in" the "ia. o8 the mi""le $ortion i8 the
ma%. $ermissible stress in it is 140*>mm2. ;in" also the length o8 the mi""le $ortion i8 the total
elongation o8 the ro" is 0.1- mm. Ta.e E E 200 ,&a. 5*o! 107
20. Cetermine the elongation o8 a conical bar9 length B an" "iameter at base C9 un"er the action o8 its o6n
6eight9 assume the "ensit( o8 the material is Z. 5*o! 107
21. Cesign a c(lin"er o8 200 mm "iameter to sustain an internal $ressure o8 3/ :&a assuming a
$ermissible stress o8 200 :&a an" &oisson[s ratio o8 0.20. 5*o! 107
22. 5a7 CeZne &oission[s ratio.
5b7 Cetermine the !olumetric strain o8 a rectangular bar o8 length B9 6i"th b an" "e$th " subecte" to
an a%ial loa" & 8rom Zrst $rinci$le. 5*o! 107
23. An a%ial $ull o8 3-000 * is acting on a bar consisting o8 three lengths as sho6n in ;igure 3. I8 the
Loung\s mo"ulus E 2.1 Z 10- *>mm29 "etermineD Stresses in each section an" Total e%tension o8 the
bar. 5*o! 107
24. The ma%imum instantaneous e%tension9 $ro"uce" b( an un.no6n 8alling 6eight through a height o8 3.-
cm in a !ertical bar o8 length 3m an" o8 cross-sectional area / cm29 is 2.1 mm. Cetermine
instantaneous stress in"uce" in the !ertical bar9 an" the !alue o8 un.no6n 6eight. Ta.e E E 2 Z 10-
*>mm2. 5*o! 107
2-. A !ertical roun" steel ro" 2 metre long is securel( hel" at its u$$er en". A 6eight can sli"e 8reel( on
the ro" an" its 8all is arreste" b( a sto$ $ro!i"e" at the lo6er en" o8 the ro". 1hen the 6eight 8alls
8rom a height o8 2- mm abo!e the sto$ the ma%imum stress reache" in the ro" is estimate" to be 1-0
*>mm2. Cetermine the stress in the ro" i8 the loa" ha" been a$$lie" gra"uall( an" also the minimum
stress i8 the loa" ha" 8allen 8rom height o8 -0 mm. Ta.e E E 2.1 Z 10- *>mm2. 5:a( 117
2/. A com$oun" tube consists o8 a steel tube 140 mm internal "iameter an" 1/0 mm e%ternal "iameter an"
an outer brass tube 1/0 mm internal "iameter an" 120 mm e%ternal "iameter. The t6o tubes are o8 the
same length. The com$oun" tube carries an a%ial loa" o8 300 .*. ;in" the stresses an" the loa" carrie"
b( each tube an" the amount it shortens. Bength o8 each tube is 140 mm. Ta.e E 8or steel as 2Z 10-
*>mm2 an" 8or brass as 1 Z 10- *>mm2. 5:a( 117
UNIT ! II
1. 5a7 1hat "o (ou mean b( $oint o8 contra 8le%ure.
5b7 Cra6 shear 8orce an" Ben"ing :oment "iagrams 8or the beam sho6n in belo6 8igure
2. 5a7 1hat is P$oint o8 contra 8le%ure=.
5b7 Cra6 shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams an" mar. the salient !alues.
]As sho6n in the belo6 ;igure^ 5Aug 027
3. 5a7 1hat is $oint o8 contra 8le%ure.
5b7 Cra6 shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams an" mar. the salient !alues.
4. Cra6 shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams an" mar. the salient !alues.
-. 5a7 1hat are the "i88erent t($es o8 beams $ossible "escribe the beha!ior o8 each o8 them.
5b7 Cra6 the S. ;. an" B.:. "iagrams 8or a cantile!er 6ith a $oint loa" at the 8ree en" an" u.".l throughout.
5*o!ember9 200-7
/. Ce8ine Ben"ing moment an" state o8 $ure ben"ing. Cra6 the B. :. C an" S. ;.
C an" i"enti8( the region o8 ?ero S.;. 5*o! 007
0. Cra6 the B. :. C an" S. ;. C 8or the beam sho6n in ;igure 5*o! 007
2. 5a7 Ce8ine the GBeamH an" the t($e o8 action an" "e8ormation it un"ergoes.
5b7 Cra6 the S.;. an" B.:. "iagram 8or a sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an B m loa"e" 6ith +CB o8 6
@*>m. 5*o! 007
3. Construct the S. ;. C I B. :. C 8or the beam 6ith o!er hangs as sho6n in ;igure 5*o! 007
10. Construct the S. ;. C. an" B. :. C. 8or the cantile!er beam sho6n in ;igure an" i"enti8( the ma%imum
!alues 8or each. 5*o! 007
11. Construct the S. ;. C I B. :. C 8or the sim$l( su$$orte" beam sho6n in ;igure 5*o! 007
@*>m. 5 *o! 007
13. Cra6 the B. :. C an" S. ;. C 8or the beam sho6n in 8igure 5*o! 007
@*>m. 5;eb 007
1-. Establish the relation bet6een S. ;. I B.:. an" rate o8 loa"ing at a section o8 a beam. Obtain the
ma%imum B. :. 8or the beam sho6n in ;igure1 b( "ra6ing the S. ;. C. ;in" the !alue o8 slo$e o8 the
S. ;.C. 5;eb 007
1/. 5a7 Ce8ine the GBeamH an" the t($e o8 action an" "e8ormation it un"ergoes.
@*>m. 5;eb 007
10. Construct the S. ;. C an" B. :. C 8or the cantile!er beam sho6n in ;igure. 5;eb 007
12. Construct the S. ;. C. an" B. :. C. 8or the cantile!er beam sho6n in ;igure 1 an" i"enti8( the
ma%imum !alues 8or each. 5;eb 007
13. 5a7 E%$lain the conce$t o8 S.;. an" B.:. Ceri!e the relation bet6een S.;9 B.:9 an" rate o8 loa"ing at a
section o8 a beam.
5b7 A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 10m carries a u.".l o8 10.*>m o!er the le8t. hal8 o8 s$an an" a loa" o8
20.* at 3m 8rom the right en". Obtain the ma% S.;. an" B.:. S.etch the S.;. an" B.:. "iagram.
5;eb 007
20. A sim$l(-su$$orte" beam o8 s$an B carries a uni8orml( !ar(ing loa" o8 intensit( ?ero at le8t en" an"
G6H $er unit length at the right en". Obtain the ma% !alues o8 S.;. an" B.:. S.etch the S.;. an" B.:.
"iagrams. 5;eb 007
21. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 3m carries a $oint loa" o8 40.* at 2m 8rom le8t en" an" a u.".l o8
1/.*>m 8or 4m to the le8t o8 A. Obtain the ma% B.:. an" ma% S.;. S.etch the S.;. an" B.: "iagrams.
5;eb 007
22. An o!erhanging beam ABC carries a u.".l. o8 10.*>m o!er the entire length o8 2m an" a $oint loa" o8
20.* at the 8ree en" C. I8 the sim$l(-su$$orte" s$an AB E /m obtain the S.;. an" B.: "iagram an"
locate the $oint o8 contra8le%ure. 5;eb 007
23. 5a7 E%$lain the conce$t o8 S.;. an" B.:. Ceri!e the relation bet6een S.;9 B.:9 an" rate o8 loa"ing at a
section o8 a beam.
5b7 A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 10m carries a u.".l o8 10.*>m o!er the le8t. hal8 o8 s$an an" a loa" o8
20.* at 3m 8rom the right en". Obtain the ma% S.;. an" B.:. S.etch the S.;. an" B.:. "iagram.
5;eb 007
24. A sim$l(-su$$orte" beam o8 s$an B carries a uni8orml( !ar(ing loa" o8 intensit( ?ero at le8t en" an"
G6H $er unit length at the right en". Obtain the ma% !alues o8 S.;. an" B.:. S.etch the S.;. an" B.:.
"iagrams. 5;eb 007
2-. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 3m carries a $oint loa" o8 40.* at 2m 8rom le8t en" an" a u.".l o8
1/.*>m 8or 4m to the le8t o8 A. Obtain the ma% B.:. an" ma% S.;. S.etch the S.;. an" B.: "iagrams.
5;eb 007
2/. An o!erhanging beam ABC carries a u.".l. o8 10.*>m o!er the entire length o8 2m an" a $oint loa" o8
20.* at the 8ree en" C. I8 the sim$l(-su$$orte" s$an AB E /m obtain the S.;. an" B.: "iagram an"
locate the $oint o8 contra 8le%ure. 5;eb 007
20. Construct the S. ;. C an" B. :. C 8or the cantile!er beam sho6n ;igure 3. 5*o! 0-7
22. 5a7 Ce8ine Ben"ing moment9 Shear ;orce an" $oint o8 Contra 8le%ure.
5b7 Cra6 the S. ;. C I B.:.C. 8or the beam sho6n in ;igure. 5*o! 0-7
23. 5a7 1hat are the "i88erent t($es o8 beams $ossible "escribe the beha!ior o8 each o8 them.
5b7 Cra6 the S. ;. an" B.:. "iagrams 8or a cantile!er 6ith a $oint loa" at the 8ree en" an" u.".l throughout.
5*o! 0-7
@*>m. 5*o! 0-7
31. Cra6 the B. :. C I S. ;. C 8or the beam sho6n belo6. 5:a( 047
32. Ce8ine $oint o8 contra 8le%ure. Cra6 S.;C. I B. :. C 8or the beam sho6n an" locate the $oint o8
contra 8le%ure. 5:a( 047
30 @* > m /0 @* /0 @* 30@*>m
2m 2m 2m
2m /m 2m
33. Establish the relation bet6een S. ;. I B.:. an" rate o8 loa"ing at a section o8 a beam. Obtain the
ma%imum B. :. 8or the beam sho6n b( "ra6ing the S. ;. C. ;in" the !alue o8 slo$e o8 the S. ;. C.
5:a( 047
20 @* > m
4 m 2 m
34. Ce8ine $oint o8 Contra 8le%ure. Cra6 the S.;.C. I B. :. C. 8or the 8ollo6ing beam an" 8in" the
ma%imum B. :. an" locate the $oints o8 contra 8le%ure. 5:a( 047
20 @*>m
2 m / m 2 m
3-. Ce8ine Ben"ing moment an" state o8 $ure ben"ing. Cra6 the B. :. C an" S. ;. an" i"enti8( the region
o8 ?ero S.;. 5*o! 047
40 @* 40 @*
2 m 4 m 2 m
3/. Construct S. ;. C I B. :. C 8or the S. S beam sho6n. 5*o! 047
/0 @* /0 @*
30 @* > m
2 m 3 m 2 m
30. a7 Ce8ine Ben"ing moment9 Shear ;orce an" $oint o8 Contra 8le%ure.
b7 Cra6 the S. ;. C I B.:.C. 8or the beam sho6n. 5*o! 047
40 @* 40 @* 40 @* 40 @*
2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m
32. Cetermine the S. ; an" B. : at the section XX sho6n 8or the beam. Obtain the S.;. an" B.:.
"iagrams. 5*o! 047
X /0 @* 40 @* 20 @*>m
2m 2m 3m
X
2m
33. Cra6 shear 8orce an" Ben"ing moment "iagram 8or a sim$l( su$$orte". beam loa"e" as sho6n in
8igure.
;in" the $osition an" !alue o8 the ma%imum ben"ing moment9 that 6ill occur in the beam. 5)une 037
40. ;in" the reaction at the 8i%e" en" o8 the cantile!er loa"e" as sho6n in 8ig. Cra6 S;C an" B:C.
5)une 037
41. S.etch the B.:.C. an" S.;.C. 8or the beam sho6n in 8ig.1 an" "etermine the $osition an" magnitu"e o8
ma%imum B.:. an" the $osition o8 contra 8le%ure. 5)une 037
42. Obtain the location I magnitu"e o8 the ma%imum S.;. an" B. : an" "ra6 the B. :. C 8or a sim$l(
su$$orte" beam subecte" to uni8orml( !ar(ing loa". 5*o! 037
6 @*>m
B
43. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam 6ith o!erhanging en"s carries trans!erse loa"s as sho6n. I8 6BE&9 6hat is
the ratio o8 a>B 8or 6hich the B. : . at the mi""le o8 the beam 6ill be ?ero. 5*o! 037
& &
6 @* > m
2 m B m 2 m
44. Ce8ine shear 8orce. 1rite "o6n the e'uation 8or S. ; I B. : at an( section an" hence9 $ro!e the
relation bet6een S. ; I B. :. Calculate the shear 8orce an" B.: at the section sho6n 5*o! 037
X 30 @* > m
2 m
X / m

Obtain the S.;.C. I B. : C an" 8in" the ma%imum !alues 8or the beam loa"e" as sho6n.
5*o! 039 *o! 107
- @*>m 1- @*>m

2m
4/. ;in" the elongation o8 a bar9 length B an" cross-sectional area A9 un"er the action o8 its o6n 6eight.
Assume the unit 6eight o8 the bar is 6>unit length. 5*o! 107
40. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 0 m carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 2- .*>m run o!er the
length o8 le8t hal8 o8 its s$an9 together 6ith concentrate" loa"s o8 30 .*9 0- .* an" -0 .* situate" at
1.0m9 2.0m an" 3.- m res$ecti!el( 8rom right su$$ort. Cra6 the shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment
"iagrams an" Zn" out the magnitu"e an" $osition o8 the ma%imum ben"ing moment. 5*o! 107
42. Cra6 the shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams 8or a beam su$$orte" an" loa"e" as sho6n in
Zgure 0. Bocate the salient $oints. 5*o! 107
43. A sim$l( su$$orte" steel beam o8 s$an /m has I-section 3-0 mm "ee$ an" 1/- mm 6i"e has anges 3.2
mm thic. an" 6eb 0.0 mm thic.. I8 the ma%imum $ermissible stress is 1/- *>mm29 Zn" the sa8e
uni8orml( "istribute" loa" that the section can carr(. 5*o! 107

-0. Cra6 the shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams 8or a sim$l( su$$orte" beam loa"e" as sho6n in
Zgure 4. Also Zn" an" sho6 the magnitu"e o8 ma%imum ben"ing moment. 5*o! 107

-1. Cra6 the S.;. an" B.:. "iagrams 8or the beam 6hich is loa"e" as sho6n Cetermine the $oints o8
contrae%ure 6ithin the s$an AB. 5*o! 107

-2. Cra6 the S.;. an" B.:. "iagrams 8or the beam 6hich is loa"e" as sho6n in ;igure. Cetermine the
$oints o8 contrae%ure 6ithin the s$an AB. 5:a( 117
UNIT ! III
1. 5a7 Bist the assum$tion in!ol!e" in the theor( o8 sim$le ben"ing.
5b7 Com$are the 6eight o8 t6o beams o8 the same material an" e'ual strength. One beam is o8 soli"
circular cross section9 6hile the other beam is o8 hollo6 circular section9 the internal "iameter being 0.2
times the e%ternal "iameter.
5c7 ;in" the section mo"ulus 8or a rectangular cross section o8 200mm R 3-0mm. 5Aug 027
2. 5a7 1hat is elastic section mo"ulusO
5b7 Calculate the ma%imum stress in"uce" in a cast iron $i$e o8 e%ternal "iameter -0mm9 internal "iameter
30mm an" o8 length 4.-m. The $i$e is su$$orte" at its en"s an" carries a $oint o8 100* at its center. 5c7
A cantile!er o8 length 2.-m 8ails 6hen a loa" o8 3 .* is a$$lie" at the 8ree en". I8 the section o8 the
beam is 4-mm R 0-mm9 8in" the stress at 8ailure. 5Aug 027
3. 5a7 Bist the assum$tion in!ol!e" in the theor( o8 sim$le ben"ing.
5b7 Com$are the 6eight o8 t6o beams o8 the same material an" e'ual strength. One beam is o8 soli"
circular cross section9 6hile the other beam is o8 hollo6 circular section9 the internal "iameter being
0.2- times the e%ternal "iameter. 5c7 ;in" the section mo"ulus 8or a rectangular cross section o8 100mm
R 300mm. 5Aug 027
4. ;or a T-section sho6n in ;igure 4. Obtain section mo"ulus an" hence obtain the ma%imum ben"ing
stress i8 it is subecte" to a B. : o8 20 @*m. 5*o! 007
-. Ce8ine *eutral a%is. S.etch the ben"ing stress "istribution across the cross section o8 a rectangular
beam section 230 R 400 m subecte" to /0 @*m moment. 5*o! 007
/. ;or a hollo6 circular section obtain the section mo"ulus. <ence calculate the ma%imum ben"ing
stresses in a section e%ternal ra"ius 300 mm an" internal ra"ius 120 cm9 subecte" to B. : E -0 @*m.
5*o! 007
0. ;or a channel section sho6n in ;igure 4 "etermine the section mo"ulus. <ence calculate the ma%imum
ben"ing stresses. S.etch the "istribution o8 ben"ing stress i8 the section is subecte" to a B. : E 40
@*m. 5*o! 007
2. Cesign the cross section 8or a beam acte" u$on b( a ben"ing moment E -0 @*m. I8 6i"th o8 beam is
200 mm calculate9 "e$th. 8 E 3 *>mm2. 5*o! 007
3. Ce8ine *eutral a%is. S.etch the ben"ing stress "istribution across the cross section o8 a rectangular
beam section 230 R 400 m subecte" to /0 @*m moment.
5;eb 007
10. 5a7 1hat "o (ou un"erstan" b( Hsection mo"ulusHO
5b7 ;in" the "imensions o8 a rectangular beam to carr( a sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 2m to carr( a u.".l
o8 -.*>m i8 the $ermissible ben"ing stress is /0*>mm2. Ta.e the 6i"th as hal8 the "e$th. 5;eb 007
11. 5a7 A beam o8 length B ben"s into a circular arc o8 ra"ius # "ue to a constant moment :. Obtain
e%$ressions 8or ma%. slo$e at en"s an" ma% central "e8lection.
5b7 A steel stri$ /mm 6i"e an" 3mm thic. is bent into a circle o8 ra"ius 1.-m.
;in" the ma%. ben"ing stress9 i8 E E 200 ,*>m2. 5;eb 007
12. 5a7 Ceri!e the ben"ing e'uationD :>IE;>LEE>#

5b7 State the assum$tion ma"e in the "eri!ation. 5;eb 007
13. 5a7 ;in" the section mo"ulus o8 a hollo6 rectangular section o8 outer "imensions 12cm R 20cm an" inner
"imension 10cm R 12cm.
5b7 ;in" the "ia o8 6oo"en beam to su$$ort a u.".l. o8 20.-.*>m o!er a sim$l( su$$orte" s$an o8 4m. The
ben"ing stress is limite" to 00*>mm2. 5;eb 007
14. 5a7 1hat "o (ou un"erstan" b( Hsection mo"ulusHO
5b7 ;in" the "imensions o8 a rectangular beam to carr( a sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 2m to carr( a
u.".l o8 -.*>m i8 the $ermissible ben"ing stress is /0*>mm2. Ta.e the 6i"th as hal8 the "e$th. 5;eb 007
1-. 5a7 A beam o8 length B ben"s into a circular arc o8 ra"ius # "ue to a constant moment :. Obtain
e%$ressions 8or ma%. slo$e at en"s an" ma% central "e8lection.
5b7 A steel stri$ /mm 6i"e an" 3mm thic. is bent into a circle o8 ra"ius 1.-m. ;in" the ma%. ben"ing
stress9 i8 E E 200 ,*>m2. 5;eb 007
1/. 5a7 Ceri!e the ben"ing e'uationD :>IE;>LEE>#
5b7 State the assum$tion ma"e in the "eri!ation. 5;eb 007
10. 5a7 ;in" the section mo"ulus o8 a hollo6 rectangular section o8 outer "imensions 12cm R 20cm an" inner
"imension 10cm R 12cm.
5b7 ;in" the "ia o8 6oo"en beam to su$$ort a u.".l. o8 20.-.*>m o!er a sim$l( su$$orte" s$an o8 4m. The
ben"ing stress is limite" to 00*>mm2. 5;eb 007
12. ;or a hollo6 circular section obtain the section mo"ulus. <ence calculate the ma%imum ben"ing
5*o! 0-7
13. Ce8ine section mo"ulus. Obtain section mo"ulus 8or rectangular an" circular sections. 1rite the
e%$ression 8or stresses in terms o8 section mo"ulus an" B.:. 5*o! 0-7
20. Ceri!e an e%$ression 8or the "istribution o8 shear stress across the cross section. <o6 is a!erage shea
stress "e8ine". #elate ma%imum shear stress to the a!erage shear stress in a rectangular section
5*o! 0-7
21. 5a7 State the assum$tions ma"e in the theor( o8 sim$le ben"ing.
5b7 Ceri!e the sim$le ben"ing e'uation. 5*o! 0-7
22. a7 State the assum$tions ma"e in the theor( o8 sim$le ben"ing.
b7 Ceri!e the sim$le ben"ing e'uation. 5:a( 047
23. Ceri!e an e%$ression 8or the "istribution o8 shear stress across the cross section. <o6 is a!erage shear
stress "e8ine". #elate ma%imum shear stress to the a!erage shear stress in a rectangular section.
5:a( 047
24. Ce8ine section mo"ulus. Obtain section mo"ulus 8or rectangular an" circular sections. 1rite the
e%$ression 8or stresses in terms o8 section mo"ulus an" B.:. 5:a( 047
2-. ;or a hollo6 circular section obtain the section mo"ulus. <ence calculate the ma%imum ben"ing
5:a( 047
2/. ;or a T A section 6ith "imensions 8lange 6i"th 100mm9 Ce$th E 200mm an" uni8orm thic.ness o8
40mm. obtain shear stress "istribution an" calculate ma%imum an" a!erage shear stresses i8 it is
subecte" to a S.;. E 100 @*. 5*o! 047
20. 1hat "o (ou un"erstan" b( section-mo"ulus O Obtain the "imensions o8 the strongest rectangular
section that can be cut 8rom a circular log o8 6oo" o8 30 cm "ia. 5*o!ember9 20047
22. ;in" the shear stress "istribution in a rectangular section 51-cm % 20 cm7 ha!ing a central hole o8 - cm
"ia. It is subecte" to a S.;. o8 100 @*. 5*o! 047
23. An une'ual PI= section 6hich is use" as a sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an /m an" carr(ing an u.".l. o8
20@*>m has the 8ollo6ing "imensions. To$ 8lange-100mm%10mm9 6eb-120mm%12mm Bottom
8lange-1-0mm%10mm9 Total "e$th A 200mm. The 6eb is .e$t !ertical. Cra6 the shear stress
"istribution at a section 6here shear 8orce is ma%imum. Also 8in" the $ercentage o8 shear 8orce carrie"
b( the 6eb. 5)une 037
30. a7 Ceri!e the e%$ression
!
E
y
&
M

.
b7 A timber beam 1-0mm 6i"e9 300mm "ee$ is sim$l( su$$orte" o!er a s$an o8 /m. ;in" the ma%imum
u.".l. that the beam can carr(9 i8 the stress is not to e%cee" 2*>mm
2
. 5)une 037
31. a7 &ro!e the relation
. !
E
y
&
M

b7 A cantile!er beam o8 rectangular cross-section 100mm 6i"e an" 2-0mm "ee$ has a s$an o8 3m. It
carries a concentrate" loa" o8 30@* at its 8ree en". Calculate the ma%imum shear stress an" s.etch the
"istribution o8 shear stress. 5)une 037
32. a7 A beam AB o8 4m s$an is sim$l( su$$orte" at the en"s an" is loa"e" as sho6n in 8ig.4. Cetermine 5i7
the "e8lection at C9 5ii7 the ma%imum "e8lection an" 5iii7 slo$e at A. Ta.e E E 2%10
-
*>mm
2
an"
I E 1000 cm
4
.
b7 E%$lain the theor( o8 sim$le ben"ing an" "eri!e the ben"ing e'uation. 5)une 037
33. Ce8ine *eutral a%is. S.etch the ben"ing stress "istribution across the cross section o8 a rectangular
beam section 230 % 400 mm subecte" to /0 @*m moment. 5*o! 037
34. Cesign the cross section 8or a beam acte" u$on b( a ben"ing moment E -0 @*m.
I8 6i"th o8 beam is 200 mm calculate9 "e$th. 8 E 3 *>mm
2
. 5*o! 037
3-. A beam su$$orts a ma%imum ben"ing moment o8 /0 @*m at a section on s$an.
The cross section "imensions are b E 230 mm9 " E 400 mm. Calculate the ma%imum ben"ing stresses.
5*o! 037
3/. 5a7 A T-section 6ith a 8lange 120mm X 20mm an" 6eb 120mm X 1-mm is use" as a cantile!er beam 3m
long. Cetermine the ma%imum $ermissible loa" 6hich can be sus$en"e" at the 8ree en" i8 the limiting
stress in tension an" com$ression are 30 :*>m
2
an" 1-0 :*>m
2
res$ecti!el(.
5b7 To 6hat ra"ius o8 cur!ature ma( a beam o8 mil" steel be bent so that its ma%imum stress ma( not
e%cee" /00 :*>m
2
. The "e$th o8 the beam is 1-0mm an" E E 200 .*>mm
2
. 5)une 037
30. A beam o8 T-section9 ange 1-0 mm Z 2- mm9 6i"th o8 the 6eb 2- mm an" o!erall "e$th o8 the section
200 mm is sim$l( su$$orte" o!er a s$an 4.- m an" is so arrange" that the ange is u$$ermost. It carries
a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 40 .* >m o!er its entire s$an. ;in" the ma%imum tensile an"
com$ressi!e stresses. 5*o! 107
32. Cra6 the shear 8orce an" ben"ing moment "iagrams 8or a beam su$$orte" o8 s$an / m loa"e" as sho6n
in Zgure /. Also Zn" an" sho6 the magnitu"e o8 ma%imum ben"ing moment. 5*o! 107
33. 5a7 State the assum$tions ma"e in the theor( o8 $ure ben"ing.
5b7 Ceri!e the e%ure 8ormula 8rom Zrst $rinci$le. 5*o! 107
40. The ma%imum allo6able stress in a c(lin"er o8 -00 mm inner "iameter an" 100.0 mm thic.ness is 12./
:&a. Cetermine the ma%imum allo6able internal an" e%ternal $ressures on the c(lin"er9 6hen a$$lie"
se$aratel(. 5*o! 107
41. Cetermine the mi"-s$an "is$lacements an" slo$es at the su$$orts in the beams sho6n in Zgure - using the
metho" o8 integration. Assume constant e%ural rigi"it( 8or the beams. 5*o! 107
UNIT ! IV
1. A hollo6 rectangular 5bo%7 section ha!ing 3-0 R 2-0 outer "imensions an" 300 R 200 inner "imensions
is subecte" to a linear change in ben"ing moment o8 2@*m $er meter length along the length o8
member. Cetermine the shear stress "istribution across the "e$th o8 section an" ma%imum shear stress.
5Aug 027
2. A steel section sho6n in 8igure - is subecte" to a shear 8orce o8 20@*. Cetermine shear stress at the
im$ortant $oints an" s.etch the shear "istribution across the section. 5Aug 027
3. ;in" the ratio o8 ma%imum shear stress to the mean shear stress 8or a cross section in the 8igure
4. A beam o8 s'uare section is use" as a beam 6ith one "iagonal hori?ontal. The beam is subecte" to a
shear 8orce ; at a section. ;in" the ma%imum shear in the cross section o8 the beam an" "ra6 the shear
"istribution "iagram 8or the section. 5Aug 027
-. Ceri!e an e%$ression 8or the "istribution o8 shear stress across the cross section. <o6 is a!erage shear
stress "e8ine". #elate ma%imum shear stress to the a!erage shear stress in a rectangular section.
5*o! 007
/. ;or a T - section 6ith "imensions 8lange 6i"th 100mm9 Ce$th E 200mm an" uni8orm thic.ness o8
40mm. obtain shear stress "istribution an" calculate ma%imum an" a!erage shear stresses i8 it is
subecte" to a S.;. E 100 @*. 5*o! 007
0. An I-section sho6n in ;igure - is subecte" to the S.;. E 120@* . S.etch the shear stress "istribution.
Obtain ma%imum an" mean shear stres
2. Obtain the shear stress "istribution 8or a rectangular cross section 230 R 400 mm subecte" to a shear
8orce o8 40 @*. Calculate ma%imum an" a!erage shear stress. 5*o! 009 *o! 107
3. A $in ointe" 8rame is as sho6n in ;igure -. It is hinge" at A an" loa"e" at C. A hori?ontal chain is
attache" to C an" $ulle" so that AC is hori?ontal. Cetermine the $ull in the chain an" also the 8orce in
each member stating 6hether it is in tension or com$ression. 5*o! 007
10. The B-section sho6n in ;igure 1 subecte" to an S.;. E /0 .*. Obtain the shear stress "istribution an"
e%$ressions 8or ma%imum Imean shear stress. 5;eb 007
10mm
30mm
11. Obtain the shear stress "istribution 8or a rectangular cross section 230 R 400 mm subecte" to a shear
8orce o8 40 @*. Calculate ma%imum an" a!erage shear stress. 5;eb 007
12. An I-section 120mm 6i"e an" 200mm "ee$ is subecte" to an S.; E 100.* at a certain section. The
thic.ness o8 8lange an" 6i"th o8 6eb E 10mm. S.etch the shear stress "istribution mar.ing the salient
!alues. ;in" the $ercentage o8 shear carrie" b( the 6eb. 5;eb 007
13. ;in" the shear stress "istribution 8or a rectangular section 5b R h7 i8 the S.;. at section E ;. ;in" the
ratio o8 ma%. to mean shear stress. S.etch the "istribution. 5;eb 007
14. An I-section 120mm 6i"e an" 200mm "ee$ is subecte" to an S.; E 100.* at a certain section. The
thic.ness o8 8lange an" 6i"th o8 6eb E 10mm. S.etch the shear stress "istribution mar.ing the salient
!alues. ;in" the $ercentage o8 shear carrie" b( the 6eb. 5;eb 007
1-. Obtain the shear stress "istribution 8or a s'uare section o8 si"e GaH $lace" 6ith one o8 its "iagonals
hori?ontal. ;in" the ma%. shear stress i8 the length o8 its "iagonal E". an" S.;. at section E ;. 5;eb 007
1/. Obtain the shear stress "istribution 8or a circular section o8 ra"ius GrH subecte" to an S.; E ; at certain
section. ;in" the ratio o8 ma% to mean shear stress. S.etch the "istribution. 5;eb 007
10. ;in" the shear stress "istribution 8or a rectangular section 5b R h7 i8 the S.;. at section E ;. ;in" the
ratio o8 ma%. to mean shear stress. S.etch the "istribution. 5;eb 007
12. Cetermine the magnitu"e an" nature o8 8orces in all the members o8 the 8rame sho6n in 8igure. B(
metho" o8 oints. 5:a( 047
13. The B-section sho6n belo6 subecte" to an S.;. E /0 .*. Obtain the shear stress "istribution an"
e%$ressions 8or ma%imum Imean shear stress. 5*o! 047
30mm
20. Obtain the shear stress "istribution 8or a rectangular cross section 230 X 400 mm subecte" to a shear
8orce o8 40 @*. Calculate ma%imum an" a!erage shear stress. 5*o! 039 *o! 107
21. A 200mm "iameter cast iron $i$e has a thic.ness o8 12mm an" is closel( 6oun" 6ith a la(er o8 /mm.
"iameter steel 6ire un"er a tensile stress o8 20*>mm
2
. I8 no6 6ater un"er a $ressure o8 3.-*>mm
2
is
a"mitte" into the $i$e9 8in" the stresses in"uce" in the $i$e an" the steel 6ire. ;or cast iron ta.e
Ec E1%10
-
*>mm
2
an" &oisson=s ratio E 0.3. ;or steel ta.e Es E 2 % 10
-
*>mm
2
. 5)une 037
22. a7 Obtain the shear stress "istribution o!er a beam o8 I section.
b7 A timber beam 10cm 6i"e an" 1-cm "ee$ carries a u.".l. o!er a s$an o8 3m. I8 the $ermissible stress in
ben"ing is 22*>mm
2
an" that in trans!erse shear is 2*>mm
2
9 calculate the ma%imum loa" that can be
sa8el( carrie" b( the beam. 5)une 037
23. A steel ro" o8 ste$$e" section9 o8 total length 300 mm is subecte" to an a%ial tensile loa" o8 1-0 .*.
The le8t an" right en" $ortions are o8 constant "ia. -0 mm. ;in" the "ia. o8 the mi""le $ortion i8 the
ma%. $ermissible stress in it is 140*>mm2. ;in" also the length o8 the mi""le $ortion i8 the total
elongation o8 the ro" is 0.1- mm. Ta.e E E 200 ,&a. 5*o! 107
24. A beam o8 I - section 300 mm "ee$ an" 200 mm 6i"e9 has e'ual anges 20 mm thic. an" 6eb 12 mm
thic.. It carries9 at a section a shear 8orce o8 2-0 .*. Cra6 the "istribution o8 shear stress across the
section an" also calculate the total shear 8orce carrie" b( the 6eb. 5*o! 107
2-. A beam has a cross-sectional area in the 8orm o8 an isosceles triangle ha!ing the "imensions base 100
mm an" height h 200 mm. The cross-section o8 the beam is subecte" to a !ertical shear 8orce o8 12-
.*. Cra6 the !ariation o8 the shear stress "istribution across the section. 5*o! 107
2/. A steel < - beam section sho6n in Zgure 49 thic.ness 20 mm9 is subecte" to a shear 8orce o8 2-0 .*.
Cra6 the shear stress "istribution across the "e$th o8 the section. Also "etermine ratio o8 ma%imum
shear stress to the mean shear stress. 5*o! 107
20. A circular beam o8 1-0 mm "iameter is subecte" to a shear 8orce o8 2- .*. Cetermine the ma%imum
shear stress9 a!erage shear stress an" the shear stress at a "istance o8 2- mm 8rom neutral a%is.
5*o! 107
22. A circular beam o8 100.- mm "iameter is subecte" to a shear 8orce o8 10 .*. Calculate the !alue o8
ma%imum shear stress9 an" s.etch the !ariation o8 the shear stress along the "e$th o8 the beam.
5*o! 107
23. Sho6 the shear stress !ariation in the 8ollo6ing sections.
5a7 #ectangle
5b7 Soli" circle. 5:a( 117
30. A built u$ c(lin"rical shell o8 300 mm "iameter9 3 m long an" / mm thic. is subecte" to an internal
$ressure o8 2 :*>m2. Calculate the change in length9 "iameter an" !olume o8 the c(lin"er un"er that
$ressure i8 the eZciencies o8 the longitu"inal an" circum8erential oint are 20Q an" -0Q res$ecti!el(.
Ta.e9 E E 200 ,*>m2M Z E 0.3. 5:a( 117
UNIT ! V
1. A cantile!er o8 4m s$an length carries a loa" 40 @* at its 8ree en". I8 the "e8lection at the 8ree en" is
not to e%cee" 2mm9 6hat must be the moment o8 inertia o8 the Cantile!er sectionO 5*o! 0-7
2. 5a7 E%$lain the :ohr=s theorems9 8or 8in"ing the slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a beam.
5b7 A sim$l( su$$orte" /m rolle" steel oist carries a +.C.B o8 10 @*>>m length. Cetermine slo$e an"
"e8lection at a "istance o8 3m 8rom one en" o8 the beam. 5*o! 007
3. Cetermine the ma%imum "e8lection an" the slo$e o8 the beam as sho6n in 58igure/7 +sing :acaula(=s
metho". 5*o! 007
4. A hori?ontal beam o8 uni8orm section is $inne" at its en"s 6hich are at the same le!el an" is loa"e" at
the le8t han" $in 6ith an anticloc.6ise moment : an" at the right han" $in 6ith a cloc.6ise moment
2m both in the same !ertical $lane. The length bet6een the $ins is B. ;in" the angles o8 slo$e at each
en" an" the "e8lection o8 the mi"$oint o8 the s$an in terms o8 :9 B9 E an" I.
5*o! 007
-. 5a7 State the 8irst theorem o8 the moment area metho"O
5b7 State an" $ro!e moment area theorem - 2. 5*o! 007
/. Cetermine the "e8lection o8 the beam at the $oint o8 a$$lication o8 the 300 *.m cou$le as sho6n in
;igure /. +se EE2%10-*>s'.mm an" IE200 cm4. 5*o! 007
0. 5a7 E%$lain the :ohr=s theorems9 8or 8in"ing the slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a beam.
5b7 A sim$l( su$$orte" /m rolle" steel oist carries a +.C.B o8 10 @*>>m length. Cetermine slo$e an"
"e8lection at a "istance o8 3m 8rom one en" o8 the beam. 5*o! 007
2. Cetermine the "e8lection o8 the beam at the $oint o8 a$$lication o8 the 300 *.m cou$le as sho6n in
;igure /. +se EE2%10-*>s'.mm an" IE200 cm4. 5*o! 007
3. 5a7 E%$lain :acaula(=s metho".
5b7 Ceri!e the e%$ression 8or the slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a cantile!er beam o8 length B9 carr(ing a $oint
loa" 1 at the 8ree en" b( "ouble integration metho". 5*o! 007
10. 5a7 1hat are the limitations o8 the moment area metho"O
5b7 State an" $ro!e moment area theorem - 1. 5;eb 009 *o! 107
11. 1rite short notes on
5a7 :oment area metho"
5b7 :acaula(=s metho"
5c7 Ce8lections o8 $ro$$e" beams. 5;eb 009 *o! 0-7
12. Ceri!e the e%$ression 8or ma%. slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a cantile!er beam o8 length B9 carr(ing
uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 6>unit length b( "ouble integration metho". 5;eb 007
13. Cetermine the mi"-s$an "e8lection an" slo$es at the su$$orts in the beam as sho6n in ;igure
5;eb 007
14. Cetermine the "e8lection un"er the loa" an" ma%imum "e8lection o8 the beam as sho6n in 58igure37
using moment area theorems. EE210 ,&a @*>s'.mm an" IE1000 cm4 5;eb 007
1-. A sim$l(-su$$orte" beam o8 s$an B carries a triangular loa" !ar(ing 8rom ?ero at le8t en" to H6H $er
unit length at the right en". ;in" the slo$e at le8t en" an" central B.:. 5EI E Constant7.
5;eb 007
1/. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 10m carries a loa" o8 20.* at 3m 8rom le8t en" an" 30.* at 2m
8rom right en". ;in" the slo$e at le8t en" an" ma%. "e8lection. 5EI E Constant7. 5;eb 007
10. 5a7 E%$lain the moment-area metho" o8 8in"ing slo$es an" "e8lections in beams.
5b7 +sing the same obtain the ma% slo$e an" ma% "e8lection in a cantile!er beam o8 s$an B carr(ing a loa"
1 at the 8ree en" 5EI E Const7 5;eb 007
12. 5a7 State an" e%$lain :ohr=s theorems use" to 8in" slo$e an" "e8lection.
5b7 An o!erhanging beam o8 sim$l(-su$$orte" s$an B an" o!erhangs o8 GaH on both si"es carrier t6o $oint
loa"s o8 1 each at the t6o 8ree en"s. Obtain the slo$e at le8t en"9 "e8lections at 8ree en" an" mi"-s$an
5EIEConstant7. 5;eb 007
13. A sim$l(-su$$orte" beam o8 s$an B carries a triangular loa" !ar(ing 8rom ?ero at le8t en" to H6H $er
unit length at the right en". ;in" the slo$e at le8t en" an" central B.:. 5EI E Constant7.
5;eb 007
20. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 s$an 10m carries a loa" o8 20.* at 3m 8rom le8t en" an" 30.* at 2m
8rom right en". ;in" the slo$e at le8t en" an" ma%. "e8lection. 5EI E Constant7. 5;eb 007
21. 5a7 E%$lain the moment-area metho" o8 8in"ing slo$es an" "e8lections in beams.
5b7 +sing the same obtain the ma% slo$e an" ma% "e8lection in a cantile!er beam o8 s$an B carr(ing a loa"
1 at the 8ree en" 5EI E Const7 5;eb 007
22. 5a7 State an" e%$lain :ohr=s theorems use" to 8in" slo$e an" "e8lection.
5b7 An o!erhanging beam o8 sim$l(-su$$orte" s$an B an" o!erhangs o8 GaH on both si"es carrier t6o $oint
loa"s o8 1 each at the t6o 8ree en"s. Obtain the slo$e at le8t en"9 "e8lections at 8ree en" an" mi"-s$an
5EI E Constant7. 5;eb 007
23. A /.- m long Cantile!er carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o!er the entire length. I8 the slo$e at the
8ree en" is 10 5one "egree7 6hat is the "e8lection at the 8ree en". 5*o! 0-7
not to e%cee" 2mm9 6hat must be the moment o8 inertia o8 the Cantile!er sectionO 5*o! 0-7
2-. 5a7 E%$lain the :ohr=s theorems9 8or 8in"ing the slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a beam.
5b7 A sim$l( su$$orte" /m rolle" steel oist carries a +.C.B o8 10 @*>m length. Cetermine slo$e an"
"e8lection at a "istance o8 3m 8rom one en" o8 the beam. 5*o! 0-7
2/. a7 E%$lain the :ohr=s theorems9 8or 8in"ing the slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a beam.
b7 A sim$l( su$$orte" /m rolle" steel oist carries a +.C.B o8 10 @*>>m length.
Cetermine slo$e an" "e8lection at a "istance o8 3m 8rom one en" o8 the beam. 5:a( 047
not to e%cee" 2mm9 6hat must be the moment o8 inertia o8 the Cantile!er sectionO 5:a( 047
5a7:oment area metho" 5b7:acaula(=s metho" 5c7 Ce8lections o8 $ro$$e" beams. 5:a( 047
23. A /.- m long Cantile!er carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o!er the entire length. I8 the slo$e at the
8ree en" is 1
0
5one "egree79 6hat is the "e8lection at the 8ree en"O 5:a( 047
30.a7 E%$lain :acaula(=s metho".
b7 Ceri!e the e%$ression 8or the slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a cantile!er beam o8 length B9 carr(ing a $oint
loa" 1 at the 8ree en" b( "ouble integration metho". 5*o! 047
31 a7 1rite the e%$ressions 8or ma%. slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a cantile!er beam 6ith a $oint loa" at 8ree en".
b7 ;in" the ma%. slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a cantile!er beam9 6hen loa"e" 6ith uni8orml( "istribute" loa".
5*o! 047
32. 5a7 State the 8irst theorem o8 the moment area metho"O
5b7 State an" $ro!e moment area theorem A 2. 5*o! 047
5b7 State an" $ro!e moment area theorem A 1 5*o! 047
34. Cetermine the "e8lection cur!e o8 the sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 2m s$an subecte" to a cou$le o8
30@*-m acting at 3m 8rom le8t su$$ort b( "ouble integration metho". 5)une 037
3-. A beam 58ig.47 is sim$l( su$$orte" at A an" ;. ABE1m9 BC E 2m9 CC E 4m9 CE E 1m9 E; E 2m.
Concentrate" loa" o8 40.* at B9 u"l o8 -@*>m o!er CC an" a cloc.6ise moment 120 .*-m at E are
a$$lie". Cetermine the slo$e at ; an" "e8lection at B an" mi"$oint o8 beam. 5)une 037
3/. AB is a sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 10m s$an. It carries a loa" o8 24@* at C an" loa" o8 1/@* at C.
AC E 3m9 AC E 4m9 CB E /m. ;le%ural rigi"it( o8 the beam is /2.- % 10
3
@*-m
2
. Com$ute the
"e8lection an" slo$e at PC=. 5)une 037
30. a7 Ceri!e the relation bet6een the cur!ature9 slo$e an" "e8lection o8 a beam.
b7 ;in" the ma%imum "e8lection o8 the beam "ue to a concentrate" loa" P1= at the centre as sho6n in
8ig.3 b( :ohr=s metho". 5)une 037
32. +sing :acaula(=s metho"9 calculate the mi"-s$an "e8lection 8or a sim$l( su$$orte" beam loa"e" as
sho6n in 8ig. 5*o! 037
33. Cetermine the ma%imum "e8lection an" "e8lection at C 8or the sim$l( su$$orte" beam as Sho6n in 8igD
5*o! 037
40. A cantile!er beam as sho6n in 8igure has a rectangular cross section o8 -2mm 6i"e an" " mm "ee$.
;in" " i8 the ma%imum "e8lection is not to e%cee" 1-mm. Ta.e ,E10 ,$a. 5*o! 037
41. Cetermine the "e8lection o8 the beam at the $oint o8 a$$lication o8 the 300 *.m cou$le as sho6n in 8ig.
+se EE2%10
-
*>s'.mm an" IE200 cm
4
. 5*o! 037
5b7 State an" $ro!e moment area theorem - 1. 5*o! 107
43. ;in" the 8orces in all the members o8 the 6arrent($e Cantile!er truss sho6n in ;igure b( the metho" o8
sections. Tabulate the !alues. 5*o! 107

44. Com$ute the ma%imum "eections an" su$$ort rotations in the beams o8 the 8ollo6ing Zgure 0 using
5a7 The metho"s o8 integration an"
5b7 The metho" o8 moment area. 5*o! 107
4-. 5a7 Cetermine the length o8 o!erhang o8 the beam sho6n in Zgure -9 such that the "is$lacement at C is
?ero.
5b7 State :oment Area theorems. 5*o! 107
4/. Com$ute the ma%imum "eections an" su$$ort rotations in the beams o8 the 8ollo6ing Zgure 2 using
5a7 The metho"s o8 integration
5b7 The metho" o8 moment area. 5*o! 107
40. A beam 6ith a s$an o8 / meters carries a $oint loa" o8 40 .* at 4 meters 8rom the le8t su$$ort. I89 8or
the section I%% E 03.3 Z 10/ m4 an" E E 200 ,*>m29 +sing :acaula([s :etho"9 Zn"D
5a7 The "eection un"er the loa"M
5b7 The $osition an" amount o8 ma%imum "eection. 5*o! 107
42. A beam o8 length 20 m is sim$l( su$$orte" at its en"s an" carries t6o $oint loa"s o8 4 .* an" 10 .* at
a "istance o8 2 m an" 12 m 8rom le8t en" res$ecti!el(. CalculateD
5a7 "eection un"er each loa"
5b7 ma%imum "eection.
Ta.e E E 2 Z 10/ *>mm2 an" I E 1 Z 103 mm4. 5:a( 117
UNIT VI
1. Cetermine the $rinci$al stresses an" the $lanes carr(ing them9 8or the stress s(stem mentione" belo6.
5Tensile stress is $ositi!e7 Also 8in" the stresses on a $lane incline" 30
0
to %-a%is.
% E -0 :&aM ( E -2-:&aM %( E 30 :&a. 5A*1i/>M-8? 2<<3
2. A rectangular bloc. o8 material is subecte" to a tensile stress o8 100 :&a on one $lane an" a tensile
stress o8 0- :&a on a $lane at right angles9 together 6ith a shear stress o8 -0 :&a on the same $lanes.
;in"
5i7 The $rinci$al stresses.
5ii7 The "irection o8 the $rinci$al $lanes
5iii7 The greatest shear stress. 5A*1i/>M-8? 2<<3
3. I8 % E 1 E 0 an" ( E 2 E -20 :&a using :ohr=s circle o8 stress9 8in" the stresses acting on a $lane
"e8ine" b( E U 30
o
. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<3
4. At a $oint in a material9 the resultant stress on a certain $lane is 400.*>m
2
tensile9 incline" at 30
o
to the
normal 8or the $lane. The normal stress on an orthogonal $lane is 300.*>m
2
com$ressi!e. ;in" the
resultant stress on the secon" $lane9 $rinci$al stresses an" their $lanes. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<3
-. a7 On an element subecte" to bia%ial stress s(stem gi!en %9 (9 an" %(9 "eri!e the e%$ression 8or
normal an" shear stress on a $lane ma.ing an angle 6ith the $ositi!e "irection o8 %.
b7 Cetermine the "irection o8 $rinci$al $lanes an" magnitu"e o8 the $rinci$al stresses9 6hene!er9
rectangular bloc. o8 material is subecte" to tensile stress o8 %9 on one $lane an" another tensile stress
o8 ( on the other $lane at right angles together 6ith shear stress o8 %( on the same $lane.
=N(@0);01-2<<3
/. A rectangular bloc. is subecte" to a tensile stress o8 20*>mm
2
an" 3- *>mm
2
on another $lane 6hich
is at right angle to the 8irst. A shear stress o8 -0 *>mm
2
on the same $lanes. ;in" the magnitu"e o8
$rinci$al stresses an" the "irection o8 $rinci$al $lanes. =N(@0);01-2<<3
0. At a certain $oint in a stresse" material9 the 8ollo6ing stress con"ition e%itD
% E U/00 :&aM (EU200:$a an" E400:$a. Calculate the $rinci$al stresses inclu"ing their $lanes
an" ma%imum shear stress an" its $lane. =N(@0);01-2<<3
2. A rectangular bloc. o8 material is subecte" to a tensile stress o8 100:&a on one $lane an" a tensile
stress o8 -0:&a on a $lane at right angles9 together 6ith a steam stress o8 /0:&a on the same $lanes.
;in"
a7 The $rinci$al stresses an" their "irections.
b7 The greatest shear stress. =N(@0);01-2<<3
3. A rectangular bloc. o8 material is subecte" to a tensile stress o8 30 *>mm
2
on one $lane an" a tensile
stress o8 10 *>mm
2
on a $lane at right angles together 6ith the shear stress o8 10 *>mm
2
on the same
$lanes. ;in"
i7 The magnitu"e o8 the $rinci$al stresses
ii7 The "irection o8 the $rinci$al $lanes.
iii7 The magnitu"e o8 the greatest shear stress. 5J-.+-18 ! 2<<3
10. A rectangular bloc. o8 material is subecte" to a tensile stress o8 40 *>mm
2
on one $lane an" a ?ero
stress on a $lane at right angles together 6ith shear stress o8 20*>mm
2
on the same $lanes. ;in"
i7 The magnitu"e o8 the $rinci$al stresses
ii7 The "irection o8 the $rinci$al $lanes.
iii7 The magnitu"e o8 the greatest shear stress. 5J-.+-18 ! 2<<3
11. #ectangular bloc. o8 material is subecte" to a com$ressi!e stress o8 120 *>mm
2
on one $lane an" a
tensile stress o8 -0 *>mm
2
on a $lane 6hich is $er$en"icular to it 6ith the shear stress 8or 100 *>mm
2
on the same $lanes. ;in"
i7 the magnitu"e o8 the $rinci$al stresses
ii7 the "irection o8 the $rinci$al $lanes
iii7 the magnitu"e o8 the greatest shear stresses. 5J-.+-18 ! 2<<3
12. A $iece o8 material is subecte" to tensile stress o8 00 *>mm
2
an" 30 *>mm
2
at right angles to each
other. ;in" the normal9 tangential an" resultant stresses on a $lane the normal to 6hich ma.es an angle
o8 4-
0
6ith the greater stress. S.etch the "irection o8 these stresses neatl(. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<4
13. A $iece o8 material is subecte" to a tensile stress o8 /0 *>mm
2
in one "irection an" a com$ressi!e
stress o8 30 *>mm
2
at right angles to it. ;in" the normal9 tangential an" resultant stresses on a $lane the
normal to 6hich ma.es an angle o8 30
0
6ith the "irection o8 greater stress. *eatl( s.etch the "irections
o8 these stresses. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<4
14. A $iece o8 material is subecte" to tensile stresses o8 $% an" $( at right angles to each other 5$% _ $(7.
Ceri!e e%$ressions 8or normal9 tangential an" resultant stresses on a $lane the normal to 6hich ma.es
an angle 6ith the "irection o8 $%. ;in" also the $lane across 6hich the resultant stress is most incline"
to the normal. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<4
1-. A tie bar o8 cross - sectional area 1000mm2 is subecte" to an a%ial tensile loa" o8 00 .*. ;in" the
normal9 tangential an" resultant stresses on a $lane the normal to 6hich ma.es an angle o8 300 6ith the
a%is o8 the bar. ;in" also the ma%. !alues o8 these stresses an" the $lanes on 6hich the( act.
=N(@0);01>D020);01 2<<#
1/. At a $oint is an elastic material9 "irect stresses o8 magnitu"e /0 :&a 5tensile7 an"40 :&a
5com$ressi!e7 are a$$lie" on $lanes at right angles to each other. I8 the ma% $rinci$al stress is not to
e%cee" /- :&a9 8in" out the shear stress 6hich can be a$$lie" on the $lanes. ;in" the magnitu"e an"
nature o8 minor $rinci$al stress. ;in" also the magnitu"e o8 ma%. shear stress an" the $lanes on 6hich it
acts. 5N(@0);01>D020);01 2<<#
10. 5a7 Sho6 that the "i88erence o8 $rinci$al strains E ma% shear strain.
5b7 Ceri!e e%$ressions 8or $rinci$al stresses in terms o8 $rinci$al strains9 &oissons ratio mo"ulus o8
elasticit(. 5N(@0);01>D020);01 2<<#
12. At a $oint is an elastic material9 "irect stresses o8 magnitu"e /0 :&a 5tensile7 an" 40 :&a
5com$ressi!e7 are a$$lie" on $lanes at right angles to each other. I8 the ma% $rinci$al stress is not to
e%cee" /- :&a9 8in" out the shear stress 6hich can be a$$lie" on the $lanes. ;in" the magnitu"e an"
nature o8 minor $rinci$al stress. ;in" also the magnitu"e o8 ma%. shear stress an" the $lanes on 6hich it
acts. 5N(@0);01>D020);01 2<<#
13. 5a7 1hat "o (ou un"erstan" b( G$rinci$al $lanesH an" G$rinci$al stressesHO
5b7 +sing :ohr=s circle o8 stresses 8in" the magnitu"e o8 $rinci$al stresses an" the location o8 $rinci$al
$lanes in the case o8 normal stresses o8 -0:&a 5tensile7 an" 2-:&a 5com$ressi!e7 acting on mutuall(
$er$en"icular $lanes ha!ing shearing stress o8 20:&a. ;in" also the magnitu"e an" "irection o8 ma%
shear stress. 5A+7>S0* 2<<%
20. At a $oint is an elastic material there are normal stresses o8 3-:&a 5tensile7 an" 2-:&a 5com$ressi!e7
on t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular $lanes9 accom$anie" b( shearing stresses o8 10:&a on the same $lanes.
The loa"ing on the material is increase" so that the stresses reach !alues o8 @ times those gi!en. I8 the
ma%. "irect stress is not to e%cee" 20:&a an" the ma% shear stress is not to e%cee" -0 :&a9 8in" the
ma% !alue o8 @. 5A+7>S0* 2<<%
21. A tie bar o8 cross - sectional area 1000mm2 is subecte" to an a%ial tensile loa" o8 00 .*. ;in" the
normal9 tangential an" resultant stresses on a $lane the normal to 6hich ma.es an angle o8 300 6ith the
a%is o8 the bar. ;in" also the ma%. !alues o8 these stresses an" the $lanes on 6hich the( act.
5A+7>S0* 2<<%
22. a7 E%$lain the construction o8 :ohr=s circle to obtain $rinci$al stresses.
b7 Cirect stresses 120m$a tensile an" 30 :&a com$ressi!e are a$$lie" to an elastic material at a certain
$oint on $lanes at right angles. The greater $rinci$al stress is limite" to 1-0 :&a. 1hat shearing
stress ma( be a$$lie" to the gi!en $lanes an" 6hat 6ill be the ma%imum shearing stress at the $ointO
=N(@0);01-2<<3
23. I8 `% E `1 E 0 an" `( E `2 E S20:&a9 using :ohr=s circle o8 stress9 8in" the stresses acting on a $lane
"e8ine" b( a E U30
0
. 5N(@0);01-2<<3
24. a7 E%$lain the construction o8 :ohr=s circle to obtain $rinci$al stresses.
b7 Cra6 :ohr=s stress circle 8or a stress con"ition o8 %E(EU400 :&a an" E0 5N(@0);01-2<<3
2-. Construct :ohr=s stress circle 8or a state o8 stress con"ition % E U/00:&aM
( E -200:&a an" E 400:&a. Calculate 8rom this "iagram $rinci$al stresses9 ma%imum shear stress
an" their $lanes =N(@0);01-2<<3
2/. A $iece o8 material is subecte" to tensile stresses o8 00 *>mm
2
an" 30 *>mm
2
at right angles to one
another. +sing :ohr=s circle o8 stress9 8in" gra$hicall( the normal9 tangential an" resultant stresses on
a $lane the normal to 6hich ma.es an angle o8 40
o
6ith the 00 *>mm
2
stress. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<4
20. Cra6 the :ohr=s circle o8 stress i8 a $iece o8 material is subecte" to tensile stresseso8 20 :&a an" 3-
:&a on mutuall( $er$en"icular $lanes. ;in" the $lane across6hich the resultant stress is most incline"
to the normal. ;in" also the magnitu"eo8 the resultant stress on this $lane.5N(@0);01>D020);01 2<<#
22. Cra6 the :ohr=s circle o8 stress i8 a $iece o8 material is subecte" to tensile stresseso8 20 :&a an" 3-
:&a on mutuall( $er$en"icular $lanes. ;in" the $lane across6hich the resultant stress is most incline"
to the normal. ;in" also the magnitu"eo8 the resultant stress on this $lane. 5A+7>S0* 2<<%
23. Brie8l( e%$lain the theories o8 8ailures an" com$are them. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<3
30. a7 E%$lain the nee" o8 8ailure theories in "esign o8 members. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<3
b7 E%$lain in "etail.
5i7 The ma%imum $rinci$al strain theor( an"
5ii7 The "istortion energ( theor(.
31. 5a7 E%$lain <aigh=s ma%. strain energ( theor( originall( $ut 8or6ar" b( Beltrami.
5b7 Obtain the (iel" criterion an" "esign criterion in the case o8 3-C an" 2-C stress s(stems.
=N(@0);01>D020);01 2<<#
32. The loa" on a bolt consists o8 an a%ial $ull o8 2000* together 6ith a trans!erse shear o8 3000*.
Estimate the "iameter o8 the bolt re'uire" accor"ing to
5i7 :a%imum &rinci$al stress theor(
5ii7 :a%imum shear stress theor(
5iii7 Cistorsional strain energ( theor(.
Elastic limit in sim$le tension is 200*>mm
2
an" 8actor o8 sa8et( o8 3 is to be a$$lie". &oisson=s ratio E
0.2-. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<3
33. A soli" sha8t is subecte" to a B.:. o8 1-.*-m an" a ti6isting moment o8 10 .*-m. Cetermine the
"iameter o8 the sha8t9 i8 the material o8 the sha8t (iel"s at 12-:&a un"er "irect tension9 base" on
5i7 :a%imum $rinci$al stress theor(
5ii7 :a%imum shear stress theor(
5iii7 :a%imum shear strain energ( theor(
A 8actor o8 sa8et( o8 3 is to be a$$lie" 6ith $oisson=s ratio o8 0.2-. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<3
34. a7 E%$lain the im$ortance o8 the theories o8 8ailure o8 materials.
b7 *eatl( s.etch the cur!es 8or "i88erent theories o8 8ailure 8or a t6o-"imensional s(stem an" brie8l(
e%$lain. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<4
3-. a7 Brie8l( e%$lain the ma%. $rinci$al stress theor(.
b7 A certain t($e o8 steel has $ro$ortionalit( limit o8 200 *>mm
2
5tensile79 /0 *>mm
2
5tensile7 an" 30
*>mm
2
5com$ressi!e7. ;in" the 8actor o8 sa8et( accor"ing to ma%. $rinci$al stress theor(.
=A*1i/>M-8? 2<<4
3/. a7 E%$lain the ma%. shear stress theor(.
b7 +sing the same calculate the 8actor o8 sa8et( o8 a stress s(stem ha!e $rinci$al stresses o8 120:&a
5tensile79 /0:&a 5tensile7 an" 30:&a 5com$ressi!e7.The limit o8 $ro$ortionalit( o8 the steel is 300:&a
=A*1i/>M-8? 2<<4
30. a7 Illustrate the strain energ( theor(.
b7 The &oisson=s ratio o8 a certain t($e o8 steel is 0.3 an" its elastic limit 220:&a. ;in" the 8actor o8
sa8et( using the abo!e theor(9 i8 the $rinci$al stresses are 120:&a 5tensile79 /0:&a 5tensile7 an"
30:&a 5com$ressi!e7. =A*1i/>M-8? 2<<4
32. A$$l(ing ma%. strain energ( theor( 8in" the "ia o8 a steel bar subecte" to an a%ial$ull o8 10 .* along
6ith a trans!erse S.; o8 - .*. Ta.e the elastic limit in tensionas 240 :&a an" ;.O.S. E 3.
=N(@0);01>D020);01 2<<#
33. 5a7 E%$lain the im$ortance o8 the theories o8 8ailure o8 materials.
5b7 *eatl( s.etch the cur!es 8or "i88erent theories o8 8ailure 8or a t6o-"imensional s(stem an" brie8l(
e%$lain. 5N(@0);01>D020);01 2<<#
40. +sing 5a7 ma%. shear strain energ( theor( an" 5b7 ma%. strain theor(9 8in" the magnitu"e o8 minor
$rinci$al stress in a steel member9 i8 at a $oint the maor $rinci$al stress is 20*>mm2 5tensile7 an" the
minor $rinci$al stress is com$ressi!e. Ta.e &oisson=s ratio E 1>3. 5A+7>S0* 2<<%
41. 5a7 E%$lain the ma%. shear stress theor(.
5b7 +sing the same calculate the 8actor o8 sa8et( o8 a stress s(stem ha!e $rinci$al stresses o8 120 :&a
5tensile79 /0 :&a 5tensile7 an" 30 :&a 5com$ressi!e7. The limit o8 $ro$ortionalit( o8 the steel is 300
:&a. 5A+7>S0* 2<<%
42. +sing ma%. $rinci$al stress theor(9 calculate the "ia o8 a mil" steel bar subecte" to an a%ial $ull o8 10
.* an" a trans!erse shear o8 - .*. Ta.e the elastic limit in sim$le tension as 240*>mm2 an" 8actor o8
sa8et( 3. 5A+7>S0* 2<<%
43. Calculate the ma%. "irect stress an" ma%. shear stress 8or a sha8t subecte" to combine" ben"ing an"
torsion at a certain sectionM B.:. E / .*-m an" T.:. E 2.*-m. I8 the &oisson=s ratio E 0.39 8in" the
stress 6hich acting alone 6ill $ro"uce the same
5a7 ma%. Strain an"
5b ma%. strain energ(. 5A+7>S0* 2<<%
44. At a $oint in a steel member9 the maor $rinci$al stress is 20 :&a 5tensile7 an" the minor $rinci$al is
com$ressi!e. I8 the &oisson=s ratio is 0.2- an" the (iel" stress in steel is 30 :&a in sim$le tension9 8in"
the magnitu"e o8 minor $rinci$al stress at 6hich (iel"ing 6ill commence accor"ing to the 8ollo6ing
criteria o8 8ailureD
5a7 :a%. shear stress
5b7 :a%. total strain energ(. 5N(@0);01>D020);01 2<<#
4-. E%$lain the $roce"ure o8 the "esign o8 circular sha8ts accor"ing to !arious theories o8 8ailure.
=A+7>S0* 2<<%
4/. A soli" steel sha8t is subecte" to a t6isting moment o8 2 .*-m an" a B.:. o8 - @*-m estimate the "ia
o8 the bolt accor"ing to
5a7 :a%. $rinci$al stress theor(
5b7 :a%. shear stress theor(.
Ta.e the elastic limit as 200 *>mm
2
9 8actor o8 sa8et( E 3 an"
m
1
E 0.2-.
5A*1i/>M-8? <4? A+7>S0* <%
40. 5a7 E%$lain the "iZerent mo"es o8 8ailure o8 a ri!ete" )oint.
5b7 A 6ater tan. is ma"e 6ith 10mm thic. $lates. The $lates are )ointe" b( la$ )oint using 12mm
"iameter ri!ets at a $itch o8 /0mm. ;in" the eZcienc( o8 the )oint i8 the ri!ets are $o6er "ri!en.
5*o! 107
42. At a $oint in straine" material the $rinci$al stresses are /0 *>mm2 an" 0 *>mm2. ;in" the $osition o8
$lane across 6hich the resultant stress is most incline" to the normal an" "etermine the !alue o8 this
stress. 5*o! 107
43. At a $oint a beam section there is a longitu"inal ben"ing stress o8 120 *>mm2 tensile an" a trans!erse
shear stress o8 -0 *>mm2. ;in" the resultant stress on a $lane incline" at 300 to the longitu"inal a%is.
5*o! 107
-0. 5a7 At a $oint the $rinci$al stresses are 140 *>mm2 an" 0- *>mm2 both tensile. ;in" the normal an"
tangential stresses on a $lane incline" at /00 to the a%is o8 the maor $rinci$al stress.
5b7 The $rinci$al stresses at a certain $oint in straine" material are 1-0 *>mm2 an" 42 *>mm2 both
tensile. ;in" the normal an" tangential stresses on a $lane incline" at 20 6ith the maor $rinci$al
$lane. 5*o! 107
-1. At a certain $oint in a $iece o8 elastic material there are normal stresses o8 4- *>mm2 tension an"
30*>mm2 com$ression on t6o $lanes at right angles to one another9 together 6ith shearing
stresses o8 22.-0 *>mm2 on the same $lanes. I8 the loa"ing on the material is increase" so that the
stresses reach !alues o8 @ times those gi!en9 8in" the ma%imum !alue o8 @ i8 the ma%imum "irect
stress is not to e%cee" 120 *>mm2 an" the ma%imum shearing stress is not to e%cee" 0- *>mm2.
5*o! 107
-2. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 length 3m carries a $oint loa" o8 12 .* at a "istance o8 2m 8rom le8t
su$$ort. The cross-section o8 the beam is sho6n in ;igure 2. Cetermine the ma%imum tensile an"
com$ressi!e stress at X-X. 5*o! 107
-3. A beam is o8 s'uare section o8 the si"e \a[. I8 the $ermissible ben"ing stress is \Z[. I8 the $ermissible
ben"ing stress is \Z[ Zn" the moment o8 resistance 6hen the beam section is $lace" such thatD
5a7 T6o si"es are hori?ontal9
5b7 One "iagonal is !ertical. ;in" also the ratio o8 the moments o8 the resistance o8 the section in the
t6o $ositions. 5:a( 117
-4. A beam o8 length 20 m is sim$l( su$$orte" at its en"s an" carries t6o $oint loa"s o8 4 .* an" 10 .*
at a "istance o8 2 m an" 12 m 8rom le8t en" res$ecti!el(. CalculateD
5a7 "eection un"er each loa"
5b7 ma%imum "eection.
Ta.e E E 2 Z 10/ *>mm2 an" I E 1 Z 103 mm4. 5:a( 117
UNIT ! VII
1. Calculate
5a7 the change in "iameter9
5b7 change in length an"
5c7 change in !olume o8 a thin c(lin"rical shell 100cm "iameter9 1cm thic. an" -m long 6hen subecte" to
internal $ressure o8 3*>mm2M Ta.e the !alue o8 EE 2 R 10-*>mm2 an" $oison=s ratioE0.3M
5Aug 027
2. Ce8ine the terms
5a7 Circum8erential stress
5b7 Bongitu"inal stress an" "eri!e the e%$ressions 8or the same in thin c(lin"ers. 5*o! 007
3. Com$are the !alues o8 ma%. an" minimum hoo$ stresses 8or a cast steel c(lin"rical shell o8 /00 mm
e%ternal "ia. An" 400 mm internal "ia. Subecte" to a $ressure o8 30*>mm2 a$$lie"
5a7 Internall( an"
5b7 E%ternall(. 5*o! 007
4. 5a7 Circum8erential stress
5b7 Bongitu"inal stress an" "eri!e the e%$ressions 8or the same in thin c(lin"ers. 5;eb 007
-. Ceri!e the 8ormulae to 8in" the longitu"inal an" circum8erential stresses in a thin c(lin"er internal "ia.
G"H thic.ness o8 metal GtH subecte" to an internal $ressure E $. 5;eb 007
/. A thin c(lin"er 1m in "ia9 2m long an" 20mm thic. is close" at en"s b( rigi" $lates. It is 8ille" 6ith
6ater at atmos$heric $ressure. ;in" ho6 much a""itional 6ater is re'uire" to be $um$e" in so as to
ma.e the 8inal $ressure in c(lin"er E 0*>mm2. Ta.e E E 200 ,*>m2M 1 m E 0.2- an" @ E 2.4 ,*>m2
58or 6ater7. 5;eb 007
0. A thin s$herical shell o8 1m "ia9 -mm thic. is 8ille" 6ith 6ater un"er $ressure till its !olume increases
b( 200 cc. ;in" the $ressure e%erte" b( 6ater on the shell i8 E E 2 R 10-*>mm2 an" 1 m E 0.3 8or the
material. 5;eb 007
2. 5a7 E%$lain the mo"es o8 8ailure o8 their c(lin"ers.
5b7 Calculate the thic.ness o8 metal 8or a thin c(lin"er o8 1m "ia to carr( 6ater un"er a $ressure o8
2*>mm29 :a% $ermissible tensile stress E 20 *>mm2. 5;eb 007
3. 5a7 E%$lain the mo"es o8 8ailure o8 their c(lin"ers.
5b7 Calculate the thic.ness o8 metal 8or a thin c(lin"er o8 1m "ia to carr( 6ater un"er a $ressure o8
2*>mm29 :a% $ermissible tensile stress E 20 *>mm2. 5;eb 007
10. 5a7 Ce8ine the termsD
i. <oo$ stress
ii. Bongitu"inal stress an"
5b7 Ceri!e the e%$ressions 8or the same in thin s$herical shells. Also obtain the e%$ressions 8or change in
"iameter an" !olume. 5*o! 0-7
11. Ce8ine the termsD
5a7 Circum8erential stress
5b7 Bongitu"inal stress an" "eri!e the e%$ressions 8or the same in thin c(lin"ers. 5*o! 0-7
12. a7 Ceri!e the e%$ressions 8or change in "iameter an" !olume o8 a thin s$herical shell "ue to an internal
$ressure.
b7 A s$herical !essel 3m "iameter is subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 2*>mm
2
. ;in" the thic.ness o8
the $late re'uire" i8 ma%imum stress is not to e%cee" 20 *>mm
2
. Ta.e e88icienc( o8 )oint as 0-Q.
5:a( 047
13. a7 Cistinguish bet6een c(lin"rical shell an" s$herical shell.
b7 To 6hat "e$th 6oul" a co$$er 8loat 2- cm in "iameter an" 3 mm thic. ha!e to be sun. in sea 6ater in
or"er that its "iameter is "ecrease" b( 0.03mm. Ta.e EC E 1 X 10
-
*>mm
2
9 E 0.20 9
6eight o8 sea 6ater E 10-0 .g>m
3
. 5:a( 047
14. A c(lin"rical thin "rum 200mm in "iameter an" 3m. long has a shell thic.ness o8 10mm. I8 the "rum is
subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 2.- *>mm
2
9 "etermine
5i7. <oo$ stress 5ii7. Bongitu"inal stress 5iii7. Change in "iameter 5i!7. Change in length 5!7.
Change in !olume Ta.e E E 2 X 10
-
*>mm
2
9 E 0.2-. 5*o! 047
1-. a7 1rite short notes on ri!ete" boiler shells.
b7 A thin s$herical shell o8 1.2m "iameter is 10mm thic.. It is 8ille" 6ith a li'ui" so that the internal
$ressure is 1*>mm
2
. ;in" the increase in "iameter an" ca$acit( o8 the shell. Ta.e E E 2 X 10
-
*>mm
2
9
E0.3 5*o!047
1/. Ce8ine the terms 5i7. <oo$ stress 5ii7. Bongitu"inal stress an" Ceri!e the e%$ressions 8or the same in
thin s$herical shells. Also obtain the e%$ressions 8or change in "iameter an" !olume. 5*o! 047
10. Ce8ine the terms 5i7 Circum8erential stress 5ii7 Bongitu"inal stress an" "eri!e the e%$ressions 8or the
same in thin c(lin"ers. 5*o! 047
12. a7 The c(lin"rical shell is 1m long an" has "iameter 200mm. The metal thic.ness is /mm. It has
s$herical en"s 6ith 100mm ra"ius. Calculate the change in !olume9 i8 internal $ressure is raise" to 1.-
:&a. Ta.e E E 2 % 10
-
:&a an" &oisson=s ratio E 0.2-.
b7 Ceri!e an e%$ression 8or circum8erential stress9 longitu"inal stress an" change in !olume 8or a thin
c(lin"rical shell o8 "ia P"=9 length =l=9 thic.ness Pt= an" subecte" to an internal 8lui" $ressure P&=.
5)une 037
13. A cast iron thin c(lin"rical $i$e o8 internal "iameter 2-0mm an" 20mm thic. is closel( 6oun" b( a
single la(er steel 6ire o8 3mm "iameter un"er a tension o8 -0*>mm
2
. ;in" the stresses setu$ in the $i$e
6hen the $i$e is em$t(. Also 8in" the stresses setu$ in the $i$e an" steel 6ire9 6hen 6ater is a"mitte"
in the $i$e un"er a $ressure o8 -*>mm
2
. Ta.e E 8or C.I. an" steel as1% 10
-
*>mm
2
an" 2 % 10
-
*>mm
2
res$ecti!el(9 E 0.3. 5)une 037
20. Ceri!e the e%$ressions 8or hoo$ stress9 longitu"inal stress9 change in "iameter9 length an" ca$acit( o8
the thin c(lin"rical shell9 6hen subecte" to an internal $ressure. 5*o! 037
21. A thin c(lin"rical shell 1m "iameter an" 2mm thic. is 2m long. 1hat are the hoo$ an" longitu"inal
stresses i8 it is subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 - *>mm
2
O ;in" the increase in !olume o8 the
c(lin"rical shell. E E 2.1 % 10
-
:&a an" &oisson=s ratio is 0.3. 5)une 037
a7 &oint o8 contra 8le%ure
b7 :ohr=s circle
c7 Im$act an" shoc. loa"ings
"7 <oo.=s la6. 5)une 037
23. 5a7 1hat are the a"!antages o8 com$oun" c(lin"ersO E%$lain anal(ticall(.
5b7 1hat are the a"!antages an" "isa"!antages o8 shell structuresO 5*o! 107
24. A c(lin"er o8 200 mm "iameter an" 2- mm thic.ness is subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 /3 :&a.
Cetermine the stress "istribution an" com$are 6ith thin c(lin"er theor(. ;in" the change in the
thic.ness o8 the c(lin"er 8or Z E 0.22 an" E E 210 ,&a. 5*o! 107
2-. A $ressuri?e" c(lin"er o8 32- mm internal "iameter an" 4 mm 6all thic.ness registere" a $ressure o8
0.12 :&a 6hen subecte" to an a%ial com$ression o8 /3 .*. Cetermine the $oisons ratio o8 the
material. Assume E E 1-0 ,&a 8or the c(lin"er an" @ E 2.- ,&a 8or the ui". 5*o! 107
2/. A built u$ c(lin"rical shell o8 300 mm "iameter9 3 m long an" / mm thic. is subecte" to an internal
$ressure o8 2 :*>m2. Calculate the change in length9 "iameter an" !olume o8 the c(lin"er un"er that
$ressure i8 the eZciencies o8 the longitu"inal an" circum8erential oint are 20Q an" -0Q res$ecti!el(.
Ta.e9 E E 200 ,*>m2M Z E 0.3. 5:a( 117
UNIT ! VIII
1. 5a7 Ce8ine a thic. c(lin"er. 1hat are the $ossible stresses in the thic. c(lin"er9 6hen subecte" to internal
$ressure.
5b7 State the e%$ressions 8or stresses in thic. c(lin"rical shells. State an" "eri!e the lame=s e%$ressions
6ith the assum$tions in!ol!e". 5Aug 027
2. A shell 3.2-m. long9 1m in "iameter is subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 1*>mm2. I8 the thic.ness o8
the shell is 10mm9 8in" the circum8erential an" longitu"inal stresses. Also 8in" out the ma%imum shear
stress an" the changes in the "imensions o8 the shell. Ta.e E E 2 X 10- *>mm29 b E 0.3.
5*o! 049 *o! 0-7
3. A com$oun" c(lin"er is 8orme" b( shrin.ing one tube on to another9 the 8inal "imensions being9
internal "iameter 120 mm9 e%ternal "iameter 240 mm9 "iameter at unction 120 mm. i8 a8ter shrin.ing
on9 the ra"ial $ressure at the common sur8ace is 2*>mm29 calculate the initial hoo$ stresses across the
sections o8 the inner an" outer tubes. I8 a 8lui" un"er a $ressure o8 /0*>mm29 is a"mitte" insi"e the
com$oun" c(lin"er9 calculate the 8inal stresses set u$ in the sections o8 the $i$es.
5*o! 007
4. Com$are the !alues o8 ma%. an" minimum hoo$ stresses 8or a cast steel c(lin"rical shell o8 /00 mm
e%ternal "ia. An" 400 mm internal "ia. Subecte" to a $ressure o8 30*>mm2 a$$lie"
5a7 Internall( an"
5b7 E%ternall(. 5*o! 007
-. Ceri!e Bame=s e'uations 8or 8in"ing the ra"ial an" hoo$ stresses in a thic. s$herical shell subecte" to
an internal $ressure. 5*o! 007
/. 5a7 A 6ater main /00mm "iameter contains 6ater at a $ressure hea" o8 100m. ;in" the thic.ness o8 the
metal re'uire" i8 the $ermissible stress is 30 *>mm2. 5b7 A !essel in the sha$e o8 a s$herical shell
200mm in "iameter9 10mm shell thic.ness is com$letel( 8ille" 6ith a 8lui" at atmos$heric $ressure.
A""itional 8lui" is then $um$e" in9 till the $ressure increases b( -*>mm2. ;in" the !olume o8 this
a""itional 8lui". Ta.e E E 2 X 10- *>mm29 b E 0.2-.
5*o! 007
0. 5a7 Ce8ine the terms
i. <oo$ stress
ii. :a%imum shear stress
5b7 Calculate the increase in !olume enclose" b( a boiler shell 2.4 m long9 an" 1m. in "iameter9 6hen it is
subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 2 *>mm2. The 6all thic.ness is such that9 the ma%imum tensile
stress in the shell is 2- *>mm2 un"er this $ressure. Ta.e E E 2 X 10- *>mm29 b E 0.2-.
5*o! 007
2. 5a7 A c(lin"rical thin "rum 200mm in "iameter an" 3m. long has a shell thic.ness o8 10mm. I8 the "rum is
subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 2.- *>mm29 "etermine 5a7 <oo$ stress
5b7 Bongitu"inal stress
5c7 Change in "iameter
5"7 Change in length
5e7 Change in !olume.
Ta.e E E 2 X 10- *>mm29 b E 0.2-. 5;eb 007
3. Cesign a ri!ete" )oint as a
5a7 Single co!er butt )oint
5b7 Couble co!er butt )oint to connect t6o $lates 20mm thic.. &o6er "ri!en ri!ets ma( be use" 8or ma.ing
the connection. ;in" the e88icienc( o8 the )oint in both the cases. 1hich is $re8erre". 5*o! 007
10. ;in" the thic.ness o8 metal re'uire" 8or a thic. c(lin"er o8 internal ra"ius 40mm to 6ithstan" an
internal $ressure o8 2-*>mm29 i8 the ma% tensile stress $ermitte" E12- *>mm2. 5;eb 007
11. Ceri!es Bame=s e'uations to 8in" the stresses in a thic. c(lin"er subecte" to internal $ressure.
5;eb 007
12. ;in" the thic.ness o8 metal re'uire" 8or a thic. c(lin"er o8 internal ra"ius 40mm to 6ithstan" aninternal
$ressure o8 2-*>mm29 i8 the ma% tensile stress $ermitte" E12- *>mm2. 5;eb 007
13. 5a7 Ce8ine the terms
i. <oo$ strain
ii. Bongitu"inal strain
5b7 A c(lin"rical air recei!er 8or a com$ressor is 2 m in internal "iameter an" ma"e o8 $lates 1-mm thic..
I8 the hoo$ stress is not to e%cee" 30 *>mm2 an" the longitu"inal stress is not to e%cee" /0 *>mm29
8in" the ma%imum sa8e air $ressure. 5*o! 0-7
14. A c(lin"rical shell 1m long9 120mm internal "iameter9 thic.ness o8 metal 2mm is 8ille" 6ith a 8lui" at
atmos$heric $ressure. I8 an a""itional 209000 mm
3
o8 the 8lui" is $um$e" into the c(lin"er9 8in" the
$ressure e%erte" b( the 8lui" on the 6all o8 the c(lin"er. Also 8in" the hoo$ stress in"uce".
Ta.e E E 2 X 10
-
*>mm
2
9 E 0.3 5:a( 047
1-. A shell 3.2-m. long9 1m in "iameter is subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 1*>mm
2
. I8 the thic.ness o8
the shell is 10mm9 8in" the circum8erential an" longitu"inal stresses. Also 8in" out the ma%imum shear
stress an" the changes in the "imensions o8 the shell. Ta.e E E 2 X 10
-
*>mm
2
9 E 0.3 5*o! 047
1/. a7 Ce8ine the terms
5i7. <oo$ strain 5ii7. Bongitu"inal strain
b7 A c(lin"rical air recei!er 8or a com$ressor is 2 m in internal "iameter an" ma"e o8 $lates 1-mm thic..
I8 the hoo$ stress is not to e%cee" 30 *>mm
2
an" the longitu"inal stress is not to e%cee" /0 *>mm
2
9 8in"
the ma%imum sa8e air $ressure. 5*o! 037
10. a7 Ce8ine the terms
5i7. :a%imum shear stress 5ii7. Folumetric strain.
5b7 A steel $enstoc. o8 1m. "iameter an" 1cm thic. is subecte" to 100m. hea" o8 6ater. Calculate thehoo$
stress an" longitu"inal stress at the bottom o8 the $enstoc.. 5*o! 037
12. Ceri!e the e%$ressions 8or hoo$ stress9 longitu"inal stress9 change in "iameter9 length an" ca$acit( o8
the thin c(lin"rical shell9 6hen subecte" to an internal $ressure. 5*o! 037
13. A c(lin"rical shell 3m long has 1m. internal "iameter an" 1-mm metal thic.ness. Calculate the
circum8erential an" longitu"inal stresses in"uce" an" 8in" out the changes in the "imensions o8 the
shell9 i8 it is subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 1.- *>mm
2
. Also 8in" out the ma%imum shear stress.
Ta.e E E 2 X 10
-
*>mm
2
9 E 0.3. 5*o! 037
20. A $ressuri?e" c(lin"er o8 3/0 mm internal "iameter an" 3 mm 6all thic.ness registere" a $ressure o8
0.1- :&a 6hen subecte" to an a%ial com$ression o8 /3 .*. Cetermine the $oisons ratio o8 the
material. Assume E E 1-0 ,&a 8or the c(lin"er an" @ E 2.- ,&a 8or the ui". 5*o! 107
21. The !olume o8 a hollo6 c(lin"er o8 200 mm "iameter9 1.4 m length an" 10 mm thic.ness increases b(
124- ml 6hen subecte" to an internal $ressure o8 4.- :&a. Cetermine the &oissons ratio o8 the
material9 i8 E E 130.0 ,&a. 5*o! 107
22. Ce!elo$ the e'uilibrium e'uation 8or s$herical shells subecte" to ra"ial $ressure. 5*o! 107
23. A mil" steel bar 2- mm in "iameter an" -00 mm long is encase" in a brass tube ha!ing e%ternal
"iameter is 40 mm an" internal "iameter is 32 mm. the com$osite bar is heate" through -00 C.
Calculate the stresses in"uce" in each metal. The coeZcient o8 e%$ansion 8or steel an" brass are 1.02 Z
10Z- an" 1/.- Z 10Z/ $er "egree centigra"e res$ecti!el(. E E 2.1 Z 10- *>mm2 8or steel an" 1.0 Z 10-
*>mm2 8or brass. 5*o! 107
24. 5a7 CiZerentiate bet6een a thin c(lin"er an" a thic. c(lin"er.
5b7 ;in" an e%$ression 8or the ra"ial $ressure an" hoo$ stress at an( $oint in case o8 a thic. c(lin"er.
5*o! 107
2-. 5a7 Ceri!e a relation 8or the hoo$ stress at the unction o8 a com$oun" thic. c(lin"rical shell. +se general
notation.
5b7 A long steel tube9 20 mm internal "iameter an" 1.- mm thic. has close" en"s an" is subecte" to an
internal ui" $ressure o8 2.- *>mm2. Ta.ing E E 2Z10- *>mm2 an" Z E 0.239 estimate the $ercentage
increase in the internal !olume o8 the tube. 5:a( 117
ii GATE
UNIT ! III
1. A $ro$$e" cantile!er beam o8 s$an l9 is loa"e" 6ith uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 intensit( 6> unit
length9 all through the s$an. Ben"ing moment at the 8i%e" en" is 5,ATE-13307
5a7
2
2
w'
5b7
2
2
w'
5c7
2
12
w'
5"7
2
24
w'
2. A cantile!er beam o8 s$an PB= is loa"e" 6ith concentrate" loa" P&= at the 8ree en". Ce8lection o8 the
beam at the 8ree en" is 5,ATE-13307
5a7
3
42
$'
E
5b7
3
-
324
$'
E
5c7
3
3
$'
E
5"7
3
/
$'
E
UNIT ! IV
1. An isolate" T beam is use" as a 6al.6a(. The beam is sim$l( su$$orte" 6ith an e88ecti!e s$an o8 /m.
The e88ecti!e 6i"th o8 8lange9 8or the cross-section sho6n in ;igure9 is 5,ATE-13327
5a7 300 mm 5b7 1000
UNIT ! V
1. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 a beam an" slab s(stem9 rests on a su$$ort o8 6i"th 4-0 mm. The clear
s$an o8 the beam is 10.0. The thic.ness o8 the slab is 120 mm. The "e$th o8 the beam belo6 the slab is
420 mm an" the 6i"th o8 the beam is 2-0mm. The beam is rein8orce" 6ith one ro6 o8 32 mm "iameter
steel ro"s. The total loa" inclu"ing the su$er im$ose" "ea" loa"9 li!e loa" an" its o6n 6eight is 2-.0
.*>m at ser!ice stage. Com$ute the ma%imum nominal "esign shear stress in the concrete
5,ATE-13307
UNIT ! VI
1. T6o i"entical soil s$ecimen 6ere teste" in a tria%ial a$$aratus. ;irst s$ecimen 8aile" at a "e!iator stress o8
000 .*>m
2
. Secon" s$ecimen 8aile" at a "e!iator stress o8 1300 .*>m
2
un"er a cell $ressure o8 400 .*>m
2
.
Cetermine the !alue o8 PC= an" P= anal(ticall(. I8 the same soil is teste" in a "irect shear a$$aratus 6ith a
normal stress o8 /00 .*>m
2
9 estimate the shear stress at 8ailure. 5GATE-199%7
2. ;or general c - soil9 cohesion c is -0 .&a9 the total unit 6eight t is 20.*>m
3
an" the bearing ca$acit(
8actors are *cE3 an" *rE2. +sing Ter?aghi=s 8ormula9 calculate the net ultimate bearing ca$acit( 8or a stri$
8ooting o8 6i"th BE2m at "e$th ?E1m. Consi"ering shear 8ailure onl(9 estimate the sa8e total loa" on a
8ooting 10 m long b( 2 m 6i"e stri$ 8ooting using a 8actor o8 sa8et( o8 3. 5GATE-199'7
3. :a%imum strain at the le!el o8 com$ression steel 8or a rectangular section ha!ing e88ecti!e co!er to
com$ression steel as "= an" neutral a%is "e$th 8rom com$ression 8ace %u is 5GATE-19997
5a7
[
0.003- 1
u
d
x
1
1
]
5b7
[
0.002 1
u
d
x
1
1
]
5c7 0.003- 1
[
u
x
d
1
1
]
5"7 0.002 1
[
u
x
d
1
1
]
4. A 8ooting 2.2- m s'uare is locate" at a "e$th o8 1.-m in a san" o8 unit 6eight 12 .*>m3. The shear
strength $arameters are c=E0 an" =E3/
0
. Calculate the sa8e loa" carrie" b( the 8ooting against com$lete
shear 8ailure. ;actor o8 sa8et( against shear 8ailure is 3. +se Ter?aghi=s anal(sis. 5GATE - 19997
*cE/-.49 *'E43.49 *
E-4.0
-. ISA 100%100%10mm 5Cross sectional area E 1302 mm
2
7 ser!es as tensile member. This angle is 6el"e" to
a gusset $late along A an" B a$$ro$riatel( as sho6n. Assuming the (iel" strength o8 the steel to be
2/0*>mm
2
the tensile strength o8 this member can be ta.en to be a$$ro%imatel(. 5GATE - 2<<27
5a7 -00.* 5b7 300.* 5c7 22-.* 5"7 30- .*
/. A bar o8 !ar(ing s'uare cross-section is loa"e" s(mmetricall( as sho6n in the 8igure9 Boa"s sho6n are
$lace" on one o8 the a%es o8 s(mmetr( o8 cross section. Ignoring sel8 6eigh9 the ma%imum tensile stress in
*>mm
2
an(6here is =GATE - 2<<37
a7 1/.0 b7 20.0
c7 2-.0 "7 30.0
0. The theoretical 8ailure loa" o8 the beam 8or attainment o8 limit state o8 colla$se in 8le%ure is
5GATE - 2<<37
5a7 23.0 .* 5b7 2-./ .* 5c7 22.0 .* 5"7 31./ .*
2. In a t6o "imensional stress anal(sis9 the state o8 stress at a $oint is sho6n belo6. 5GATE - 2<<47
I8 sE120 :&a an" t E00:&a9 then s% an" s( are res$ecti!el(
a7 2/.0 :&a an" 102.- :&a b7 -4 :&a an" 122 :&a
c7 /0.- :&a an" 213.3 :&a "7 1/ :&a an" 132 :&a
3. I8 $rinci$al stresses in a t6o-"imensional case are A 10:&a an" 20:&a res$ecti!el(9 then ma%imum shear
stress at the $oint is 5GATE - 2<<#7
5a7 10 :&a 5b7 1- :&a 5c7 20 :&a 5"7 30 :&a
10. :ohr=s circle 8or the state o8 stress "e8ine" b(
30 0
0 30
_

,
:&a is a circle 6ith 5GATE - 2<<$7
iii IES
UNIT ! I
1. A steel ro"9 10 mm long is hel" bet6een to6 rigi" su$$orts. It is heate" b( 20
0
C. It is heate" b( 20
0
C.
I8 the coe88icient o8 thermal e%$ansion o8 the material o8 the ro" is
2. A bar o8 circular cross-section !aries uni8orml( 8rom a cross-section 2C to C. I8 e%tension o8 the bar is
calculate" treating it as a bar o8 a!erage "iameter9 then the $ercentage error 6ill be 5IES A 133/7
5a7 10 5b7 2-
5c7 33.33 5"7 -0
3. The length9 coe88icient o8 thermal e%$ansion an" Loung=s mo"ulus o8 bar PA= are t6ice that o8 bar PB=
I8 the tem$erature o8 both bars is increase" b( the same amount 6hile $re!enting an( e%$ansion9
then the ratio o8 stress "e!elo$e" in bar A to that in bar B 6ill be 5IES A 133/7
4. The lists gi!en belo6 re8er to a bar o8 length l cross sectional area A9 Loung=s mo"ulus E9 &oisson=s
ratio
an" subecte" to a%ial stress $. :atch Bist I 6ith Bist II an" select the correct ans6er using the
co"es gi!en belo6 the listsD
Bist I Bist II
A. Folumetric strain
B. Strain energ( $er unit !olume
C. #atio o8 Loung=s mo"ulus to bul. mo"ulus
C. #atio o8 Loung=s mo"ulus to mo"ulus o8 rigi"it(
1. 251U
7
2. 351-2
7
3. 51 2 7
p
E

4.
2
2
p
E
-. 251-
7
-. A gi!en material has Loung=s mo"ulus E9 mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( , an" &oisson=s ration 0.2-. The ratio o8
Loung=s mo"ulus to mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( o8 this material is
5a7 3.0- 5b7 3
5c7 2.- 5"7 1.-
/. A $rismatic bar o8 uni8orm cross-sectional area o8 - cm
2
is subecte" to a%ial loa"s as sho6n in the
gi!en 8igure.
0. A steel ro"9 100 mm long is hel" bet6een to6 rigi" su$$orts. It is heate" b( 20
0
C. I8 the coe88icient o8
thermal e%$ansion o8 the material o8 the ro" is 1-R10
-/
>
0
C an" mo"ulus o8 elasticit( is 200 R 10
3

:*>m
3
9 6hat is the stress in the ro" 5IES-20007
5a7 20 :*>m
2
5b7 40 :*>m
2
5c7 /0:*>m
2
5"7 20 :*>m
2
2. I8 mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 a material is 123.2 ,*>m2 an" its &oisson=s ration is 0.309 6hat is the
a$$ro%imate !alue o8 shear mo"ulus o8 the materialO 5IES-20007
5a7 03 ,*>m
2
5b7 33.3 ,*>m
2
5c7 103.3,*>m
2
5"7 123.3 :*>m
2
3. I8 , is the mo"ulus o8 rigi"it(9 E the mo"ulus o8 elasticit( an"
the &oisson=s ration 8or a material9

then 6hat is the e%$ression 8or ,O
5a7
3
251 2 7
E
(
+
5b7
-
51 7
E
(
+
5c7
251 7
E
(
+
5"7
51 2 7
E
(
+
10. A bar o8 40 mm "iameter an" 400 mm length is subecte" to an a%ial loa" o8 100 .*. It elongates b(
0.1-0 mm an" the "iameter "ecreases b( 0.00- mm. 1hat is the &oisson=s ration o8 the material o8 the
barO 5IES-200/7
5a7 0.2- 5b7 0.22
5c7 0.33 5"7 0.30
11. I8 the Loung=s mo"ulus PE= is e'ual to the bul. mo"ulus P@= then 6hat is the !alue o8 the &oisson=s
ration 5IES-200-7
5a7
1
4
5b7
1
2
5c7 5"7
3
4
12. A thin ro" o8 10 mm "iameter is subecte" to a tensile 8orce o8 02-0 *. 1hat are the $rinci$al stresses
an" ma%imum shear stressO 5IES-20047
5a7 00 :&a9 -0 :&a9 10 :&a 5b7 100 :&a9 cero9 -0 :&a
5c7 100 :&a9 -0 :&a9 2- :&a 5"7 100 :&a9 cero9 cero
13.
A brass bar o8 soli" section is encase" in a steel tube as sho6n in the abo!e "iagram.
The coe88icient o8 e%$ansion o8 steel is 11.2 10
-/
$er
0
C an" the coe88icient o8 e%$ansion o8 brass is
1/.- 10
-/
$er
0
C. The com$osite bar is heate" through /0
0
C. 5IES-20047
*o6 consi"er the 8ollo6ing statementsD
1. The stress in the brass 6ill be tensile
2. The stress in the steel 6ill be tensile
3. The stress in the steel 6ill be com$ressi!e
4. The stress in the brass 6ill be com$ressi!e
1hich o8 the statements gi!en abo!e are correctO
5a7 1 an" 2 5b7 1 an" 3
5c7 2 an" 4 5"7 2 an" 3
14.
The stress strain "iagram 8or mil" steel subecte" to tensile loa" is gi!en abo!e
*o6 consi"er the 8ollo6ing statements
1. The "iagram re$resents a!erage stress strain "iagram
2. The "iagram re$resents actual stress strain "iagram.
3. A re$resents u$$er (iel" $oint.
4. B re$resents lo6er (iel" $oint.
1hich o8 the statements gi!en abo!e are correctO 5IES-20047
5a7 1 an" 2 5b7 19 3 an" 4
5c7 29 3 an" 4 5"7 19 2 an" 3
1-. As $er the elastic theor( o8 "esign9 the 8actor o8 sa8et( is the ratio o8 5IES-20037
5a7 1or.ing stress to stress at the limit o8 $ro$ortionalit(
5b7 Liel" stress to 6or.ing stress
5c7 +ltimate stress to 6or.ing stress
5"7 +ltimate loa" to loa" at (iel"
1/. Assertion 5A7D The strain an" stress s(stem 8or a bar o8 length Pl= subecte" to an a%ial $ull ill be the
same 6hether both en"s o8 the bar are 8ree or one en" s 8i%e" an" the other en" is 8ree. #igi" bo"(
"is$lacements ha!e no e88ect on the elastic "e8ormations
#eason 5#7D #igi" bo"( "is$lacements ha!e no e88ect on the elastic "e8ormations 5IES-20027
10. The bul. mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 a material is t6ice its mo"ulus o8 rigi"it(. The &oisson=s ratio o8 the
material is 5IES-20027
5a7 1>0 5b7 2>0
5c7 3>0 5"7 4>0
12. :atch Bist-I 5&ro$erties7 6ith Bist-II 5Stress $oints labele" 19 29 3 an" 47 in the stress-strain 8igure an"
select the correct ans6er using the co"es gi!en belo6 the listD 5IES-20017
Bist-I Bist-II
A. Liel" $oint
B. &ro$ortional limit
C. #u$ture strength
C. +ltimate strength
)odes*
A B C C
5a7 3 4 1 2
5b7 4 3 1 2
5c7 3 4 2 1
5"7 4 3 2 1
13. A $rismatic bar is 8astene" bet6een t6o rigi" 6alls at A an" B an" subecte" to loa"s. Cetermine" the
reactions at the su$$orts. 5IES-20007
20. The strain "ue to ben"ing in the cantile!er beam sho6n in the 8igure is 5IES-20007
5a7
3
$'
E
5b7
2 3
/
$ '
E
5c7
2 2
$ '
E
5"7
2 3
2
$ '
E
B
EI constant
21. A bar o8 uni8orm section is subecte" to a%ial tensile loa"s such that the normal strain in the a%ial
"irection is 1.2- mm $er m. I8 the &oisson=s ratio o8 the material o8 the bar is 0.39 the !olumetric strain
6oul" be 5IES-20007
5a7 210
-4
5b7 310
-4
5c7 410
-4
5"7 -10
-4
22. A s'uare $late 5aa7 rigi"l( hel" at three e"ges is 8ree to mo!e along the 8ourth e"ge. I8 tem$erature o8
the $late is raise" b( tem$erature Pt= then the 8ree e%$ansion at the 8ourth e"ge 6ill be 5coe88icient o8
thermal e%$ansion o8 the material E
9 mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 the material E E an" its &oisson=s ratio

Ev7 5IES-20007
5a7 a
tv 5b7 a
t51Uv7
5c7
tv
a t
E
_
+

,
5"7 a
t51-v7
23. :atch Bist I 5Elastic constant7 6ith Bist II 5Ce8inition7 an" select the correct ans6er using the co"es
gi!en belo6 the listsD
Bist A I Bist A II
A. Loung=s mo"ulus 1. lateral strain to linear strain 6ithin elastic limit
B. &oisson=s ration 2. stress to strain 6ithin elastic limit
C. Bul. mo"ulus 3. shear stress to shear strain 6ithin elastic limit
C. #igi"it( mo"ulus 4. "irect stress to corres$on"ing !olumetric strain
)odes*
A B C C
5a7 3 1 4 2
5b7 2 1 4 3
5c7 2 4 1 3
5"7 3 4 1 2
24. ;ig.1 sho6 three metal cubes A9 B an" C9 o8 si"e 100 mm in "irect contact9 resting on a rigi" base an"
con8ine" in the %-coor"inate "irection bet6een t6o rigi" en"-$lates. I8 the u$$er 8ace o8 the centre cube
5cube B7 is subecte" to uni8orm com$ressi!e stress o8 0.- .*>mm2 com$ute 8or cube B9 the 8ollo6ingD
5i7 The "irect stress in the %-"irection 5
x
7
5ii7 The "irect strains in the three coor"inate "irections %9 ( an" ?
5iii7 The !olumetric strain
The elastic $ro$erties 8or the three cubes A9 B9 an" C are gi!en in ;ig. 1 5IES-13337
2-. A gi!en material has Loung=s mo"ulus E9 mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( , an" &oisson=s ration 0.2-. The ratio
Loung=s mo"ulus to mo"ulus o8 rigi"it( o8 this material 5IES-13307
5a7 3.0- 5b7 3
5c7 2.- 5"7 1.-
2/. A $rismatic bar o8 uni8orm cross-sectional area o8 - cm2 is subecte" to a%ial loa"s as sho6n in the
gi!en 8igure. 5IES-13307
&ortion BC is subecte" to an a%ial stress o8
5a7 400 .g>cm
2
tension 5b7 2000 .g>cm
2
com$ression
5c7 1000 .g>cm
2
tension 5"7 /00 .g>cm
2
tension
20. Consi"er the 8ollo6ing statementsD 5IES-20047
1. The total $otential energ( is the sum o8 strain energ( an" $otential energ( "ue to e%ternal loa"ing.
2. The strain energ( is al6a(s $ositi!e.
3. The $otential energ( is al6a(s $ositi!e.
4. ;or e'uilibrium $osition the total $otential energ( is a minimum.
5a7 19 29 3 an" 4 5b7 19 2 an" 4
5c7 29 3 an" 4 5"7 1 an" 3
22. An elastic uni8orm bar o8 length l an" cross-sectional area A is subecte"9 6ithin its elastic limit to a
ra$i"l( a$$lie" tensile 8orce increasing 8rom ?ero to a 8inal !alue &. 1hat is the 8inal strain energ(
store" in the bar a8ter !ibrations ha!e cease"O 5E is the mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 the bar material7
5IES-20047
5a7
2
2$ l
+E
5b7
2
$ l
+E
5c7
2
4
$ l
+E
5"7
2
2
$ l
+E
23. A member ha!ing length B9 cross-sectional area A an" mo"ulus o8 elasticit( E is subecte" to an a%ial
loa" 1. The strain energ( store" in this member is 5IES-20037
5a7
2
,'
+E
5b7
2
2
,'
+E
5c7
2 2
2
, '
+E
5"7
2
, '
+E
30. I8 the strain energ( absorbe" in a cantile!er beam in ben"ing un"er its o6n 6eight is @ times greater
than the strain energ( absorbe" in an i"entical sim$l( su$$orte" beam in ben"ing un"er its o6n 6eight9
then the magnitu"e o8 @ is 5IES-13307
5a7 2 5b7 4
5c7 / 5"7 2
UNIT ! II
1. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam AB o8 s$an B carries to6 concentrate" loa"s 1 each at $oints B>3 8rom A
an" B. 1hat is the S.;. in the mi""le on-thir" $ortion o8 the beamO 5IES-20027
2. ;or the beam sho6n in the gi!en 8igure9 the ma%imum $ositi!e ben"ing moment is e'ual to negati!e
ben"ing moment. The !alue o8 B1 is 5IES A 133/7
5a7
2
'
5b7
3
'
5c7
2
'
5"7
2 2
'
3. ;or the shear 8orce "iagram sho6n in gi!en 8igure 5IES A 133/7
4. Assertion 5A7 D The ma%imum ben"ing moment occurs 6here the shear 8orce is either ?ero or changes
sigh
#eason 5#7 I8 the shear 8orce "iagram line bet6een the t6o $oints is hori?ontal9 the B: "iagram line is
incline". But i8 the S; "iagram is incline"9 the B: "iagram is a $arabola o8 secon" "egree. 5IES-133/7
-. 5IES-20007
At 6hat "istance 8rom le8t su$$ort o8 the abo!e beam9 is the shear 8orce ?eroO
5a7 1 mm 5b7 1.2- m
5c7 1.- m 5"7 2.- m
/. 5a7 The stresses in a 8lat stresses in 8lat streel $late in a con"ition o8 $lane stress areD 5IES-200/7
x
E 109 000 *>mm
2
y
E -/9 000 *>mm

2
xy
E 29 000 *>mm
2
;in" the magnitu"e an" orientation o8 the $rinci$al stresses in the $lane o8 the $late.
5b7 T6o circular sha8ts AB o8 the same material but "i88erent "iameter are 6el"e" together at $oint B as
sho6n in the 8igure. En" A an" C are 8i%e". An e%ternal tor'ue T0 is a$$lie" to the sha8ts at $oints B.
;in" the tor'ues e%torte" on the en"s o8 the sha8t at A an" CO
0. A uni8orm beam o8 s$an l carries a uni8ormal( "istribute" loa" 6 $er unit length as sho6n in the 8igure
gi!en abo!e. The su$$orts are at a "istance o8 % 8rom either en". 1hat is the con"ition 8or the
ma%imum ben"ing moment in the beam to be small as $ossibleO
5a7 x E 0.100 l 5b7 x E 0.200 l
5c7 x E 0.230 l 5"7 x E 0.2- l
2.
1hat are the su$$ort reactions at the 8i%e" en" o8 the cantile!er beam sho6n in the abo!e "iagram.
5IES-20047
5a7 120 .*9 120.*m 5b7 120 .*9 240 .*m
5c7 240 .*9 120 .*m 5"7 120 .*9 /0 .*
3. The ma%imum shear stress $ro"uce" in a sha8t is *>mm2. The sha8t is o8 40 mm "iameter. 1hat is the
a$$ro%imate !alue o8 t6isting mo!ementO
5a7 /22 *m 5b7 /3 *m
5c7 12/ *m 5"7 2-1 *m
10.
The abo!e "iagram sho6s a sim$l( su$$orte" beam 6ith loa".
1hich one o8 the 8ollo6ing "iagrams is the shear 8orce "iagram 8or this beamsO 5IES-20047
11. 1hat are the su$$ort reactions at the 8i%e" en" o8 the cantile!er beam sho6n in the abo!e "iagramO
5IES-20047
5a7 120.*9 5b7 120 .*9 240 @*m
5c7 240 .*9 120 .*m 5"7 120 .*9 /0 .*
12. The ma%imum shear stress $ro"uce" in a sha8t is *>mm
2
. The sha8t is o8 40 mm "iameter. 1hat is the
a$$ro%imate !alue o8 t6isting momentO 5IES-20047
5a7 /22 *m 5b7 /3 *m
5c7 12/ *m 5"7 2-1 *m
13. I8 the shear 8orce "iagram o8 a sim$l( su$$orte" beam is $arabolic9 then the loa" on the beam is
5IES-20037
5a7 +ni8orml( "istribute" loa" 5b7 Concentrate" loa" at mi" s$an
5c7 E%ternal moment acting at mi" s$an 5"7 Binearl( !ar(ing "istribute loa"
14. A uni8orm beam o8 s$an Pl= is rigi"l( 8i%e" at both su$$orts. It carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" 6
$er unit length. The ben"ing moment at mi" s$an is 5IES-20017
5a7
2
2
wl
5b7
2
12
wl
5c7
2
2
wl
5"7
2
24
wl
1-. Consi"er the 8ollo6ing statementsD
A cantile!er beam o8 length Pl= is loa"e" 6ith uni8orml( "istribute" loa" P6= on the s$an. The beam is
$ro$$e" at the 8ree en" ha!ing its le!el same as that o8 the 8i%e" en" 5EI is constant7 5IES-20017
1. The $ro$ reaction is
2
wl
2. The $ro reaction is
3
2
wl
3. The ben"ing moment at the $ro E
2
2
wl
4. S; is zero at x E
3
2
l 8rom the $ro$$e" en"
1hich o8 these statements are correctO
5a7 1 an" 3 5b7 2 an" 3
5c7 1 an" 4 5"7 2 an" 4
1/. In a cantile!er o8 s$an PB=9 subecte" to a concentrate" loa" o8 P1= acting at a "istance o8
1
3
B9 8rom
the 8ree en"9 the "e8lection un"er loa" 6ill be 5IES-20007
5a7
3
3
,'
E
5b7
3
21
,'
E
5c7
3
14
21
,'
E
5"7
3
2
21
,'
E
10. ;or the beam AB sho6n in the 8igure9 the 8i%e" en" moments at en"s A an" B 6ill be res$ecti!el(
5IES-20007
5a7 -3./ .*m an" U1.1 .*m 5b7 --.4 .*m an" U 4./ .*m
5c7 -2.4 .*m an" U 3./ .*m 5"7 -3./ .*m an" U /.*m
12. A beam 6ith cantile!ere" en"s is sho6n in the gi!en 8igure. 1hich one o8 the 8ollo6ing "iagrams
re$resents the in8luence line "iagram 8or shear 8or a section ust to the right o8 the su$$ort PA=O
13. The ben"ing moments "iagram o8 the beam sho6n in 8igure A I is 5IES-13337
20. 1hich one o8 the 8ollo6ing statements is *OT correctO 5IES-13337
5a7 A ben"ing moment "iagram can ha!e a change o8 slo$e onl( un"er a trans!erse loa"
5b7 The ben"ing moment is ma%imum 6here the shear 8orce is ?ero
5c7 A non-linear ben"ing moment "iagram is $ossible onl( in the "istribute" loa" regions
5"7 At e!er( su$$ort o8 a continuous beam9 the ma%imum !alues o8 negati!e ben"ing moment in
the s$an are e%$erience"
21. :atch Bist I 6ith Bist II an" select the correct ans6er using the co"es gi!en belo6 the lists 5IES-13327
Bist I Bist II
5;i%e" beam an" !arious t($es o8 loa"ing7 5The moments o8 A7
& 4 # S
5a7 4 3 1 2
5b7 3 4 1 2
5c7 4 3 2 1
5"7 3 4 2 1
22. Consi"er the 8ollo6ing statementsD A sim$l( su$$orte" beam is subecte" to a cou$le some6here in the
s$an. It 6oul" $ro"uce
1. a rectangular S; "iagram
2. $arabolic B: "iagrams
3. both Uve an" A ve B:s 6hich are ma%imum at the $oint o8 a$$lication o8 the cou$le.
O8 these statements 5IES-13327
5a7 19 2 an" 3 correct 5b7 1 an" 2 are correct
5c7 2 an" 3 are correct 5"7 1 an" 3 are correct
23. A rectangular timber beam is cut out o8 a c(lin"rical log o8 "iameter C. The "e$th o8 the strongest
timber beam 6ill be 5IES-13327
5a7
1
.
2
%
5b7
2
.
3
%
5c7
-
.
2
%
5"7
3
.
4
%
24. In the 8igures sho6n belo6 %9 ( an" ? are the "e8lection un"er A9 B an" C "ue to loa"s & an" 49 - an"
y
an" z 9 are the "e8lection un"er A9 B an" C "ue to unit loa" at C. The "e8lection z 6oul" e'ual.
5IES-13327
5a7 &xU4y
5b7 $x .y +
5c7 &(U4%
5"7 $y .x +
2-. :atch Bist I 6ith Bist II an" select ans6er using the co"es gi!en belo6 the listsD
Bist I Bist II
& 4
C
C
A B
1
A. 1.
2
12
'
B. 2.
2
/
'
C. 3.
2
2
'
C. 4.
2
2
'
UNIT ! III
1. Assertion 5A7 I-section is $re8erre" to rectangular section 8or resisting ben"ing moment.
#eason 5#7 In I section more than 20Q o8 ben"ing moment is resiste" b( 8langes onl(. 5IES A 133/7
2. Consi"er the 8ollo6ing statements 8or a beam base" on theor( o8 ben"ingD
1. Strain "e!elo$e" in an( 8ire is "irectl( $ro$ortional to the "istance o8 8ibre 8rom neutral
sur8ace
2. ;or 8le%ural loa"ing an" linearl( elastic action the neutral a%is $asses through the centroi" o8 corss-
section
3. The assum$tion o8 the $lane corsss-sections remaining $lane 6ill not hol" goo" "uring inelastic
action
4. Instances in 6hich the neutral a%is "oes not $ass through the centroi" o8 a cross-section inclu"e a
homogenous s(mmetrical beam 56ith res$ect to neutral a%is an" subecte" to inelastic action.
5a7 19 29 39 an" 4 5b7 19 29 an" 4
5c7 3 an" 4 5"7 1 an" 2
3. Consi"er the 8ollo6ing statements 8or a beam base" on theor( o8 ben"ingD 5IES-20047
1. Strain "e!elo$e" in an( 8ire is "irectl( $ro$ortional to the "istance o8 8ibre 8rom neutral
sur8ace.
2. ;or 8le%ural loa"ing an" linearl( elastic action the neutral a%is $asses through the centroi" o8
corss-section.
3. The assum$tion o8 the $lane corss-sections remaining $lane 6ill not hol" goo" "uring
inelastic action.
4. Instances in 6hich the neutral a%is "oes not $ass through the centroi" o8 a cross-section
inclu"e a homogenous s(mmetrical beam 56ith res$ect to neutral a%is7 an" subecte" to
inelastic action.
5a7 19 29 39 an" 4 5b7 19 2 an" 4
5c7 3 an" 4 5"7 1 an" 2
4. A uni8orm beam o8 length 2B an" 8le%ural rigi"it( EI is 8i%e" at both9 the en"s. 1hat is the moment
re'uire" 8or unit rotation at the centre o8 s$anO 5IES-20047
5a7
2E
'
5b7
4E
'
5c7
/E
'
5"7
2E
'
-. 1hich o8 the 8ollo6ing $oints are consi"ere" 6hile "eri!ing the 8ormula
O
M & E
y !

1. T($e o8 material
2. Trans!erse shear 8orce
3. The stresses in the remaining $rinci$al "irection.
4.
0
y x xz zx

-. Binear !ariation o8 strain.
Select the correct ans6er using the co"es gi!en belo6
5a7 19 2 an" 4 5b7 29 3 an" -
5c7 4 an" - 5"7 1 an" 3
UNIT !V
1. The s$an an" the material o8 the t6o beams A an" B are the same. The area o8 cross section o8 the t6o
beams are e'ual. The cross-section is s'uare. In the case o8 beam A9 the $lane o8 moment is $arallel to
the si"es o8 the s'uare an" in the case o8 beam B9 the $lane o8 moment coinci"es 6ith the "iagonal as
sho6n in the gi!en 8igures. 5IES A 133/7
2. Consi"er the 8ollo6ing in8erences 8rom the abo!e "ataD 5IES-133/7
1. ;or the same loa"ing9 the "e8lection o8 the beam B is smaller than that o8 beam A.
2. I8 the loa" on the t6o beams is the same9 then the ma%imum stress in beam B is greater than
that in beam A.
3. Beam A can resist smaller loa" than beam B.
4. ;le%ural rigi"it( o8 both the beams is e'ual.
O8 these in8erences
5a7 2 an" 4 are incorrect
5b7 1 an" 3 are incorrect
5c7 1 an" 4 are incorrect
547 29 3 an" 4 are incorrect
3. 1hich one o8 the 8ollo6ing statements is correctO 5IES-20007
5a7 In slo$e-"e8lection metho"9 the 8orces are ta.en as un.no6ns
5b7 In slo$e-"e8lection metho"9 the oint rotations are ta.en as un.no6ns
5c7 Slo$e-"e8lection metho" is not a$$licable 8or beams an" 8rames ha!ing settlement at su$$orts
5"7 Slo$e-"e8lection metho" is also .no6n as 8orce metho"
4. ;or "etermining the "e8lection ( o8 a loa"e" beam at a "istance % b( :acaula(=s metho"9 6hich one or
more o8 the 8ollo6ing is>are use"O 5IES-20037
1. The basic "i88erential e'uation 8or "e8lection
2
2
M
d y
E M
dx
6here EI is the 8le%ural rigi"it( o8
the beam9 : is the ben"ing moment.
2. Successi!e integration o8 the "i88erential e'uation gi!en in 1.
3. @no6n $ositions o8 zero slo$e an" zero "e8lection in the beam.
Select the correct ans6er using the co"es gi!en belo6D
5a7 1 onl( 5b7 1 an" 2
5c7 3 onl( 5"7 19 2 an" 3
-. Out o8 t6o beams o8 same material an" same cross-sectional area one is o8 circular cross-section an"
other is o8 s'uare cross-section. I8 these are subecte" to ben"ing moment o8 same magnitu"e then
5a7 both sections 6oul" be e'uall( strong
5b7 both sections 6oul" be e'uall( economical
5c7 s'uare section 6oul" be more economical than circular section
5"7 s'uare section 6oul" be less economical than circular section
/. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam PA= carries a $oint loa" at its mi"s$an. Another i"entical beam PB= carries the
same magnitu"e o8 loa" but it is uni8orml( "istribute" o!er the entire s$an. The ratio o8 the ma%imum
"e8lections o8 beams PA an" PB= 6ill be 5IES-20017
5a7
2
3
5b7
2
3
5c7
3
-
5"7
2
-
0. The ma%imum "e8lection o8 sim$l( su$$orte" beam occurs at ?ero 5IES-20017
5a7 ben"ing moment location
5b7 shear 8orce location
5c7 slo$e location
5"7 shear 8orce location an" also ?ero ben"ing moment location
2. 1hich o8 the 8ollo6ing is>are "etermine" at a $oint o8 a gi!en beam b( moment area metho"O
5IES-20017
1. Shear 8orce
2. Ben"ing moment
3. Slo$e
4. Ce8lection
Selection correct ans6er using the co"es gi!en belo6D 5IES-20017
5a7 1 an" 2 5b7 3 alone
5c7 4 alone 5"7 3 an" 4
UNIT ! VI
1. On an element sho6n in the gi!en 8igure9 the stresses are 5in :&a7
% E 110
( E 30
%( E 30 E (%
The ra"ius o8 :ohr=s circle an" the $rinci$al stresses 19 2 are 5in :&a7
Radius = r !
a7 -0 20 120
b7 -- 110 30
c7 /0 20 140
"7 00 20 140
=IES - 199$
2. Consi"er the 8ollo6ing statementsD
1. In a member subecte" to unia%ial tensile 8orce the ma%imum normal stress is the e%ternal loa" "i!i"e"
b(the ma%imum cross-sectional area.
2. 1hen the structural member is subecte" to unia%ial loa"ing9 the shear stress is ?ero on a $lane 6here
the normal stress is ma%imum.
3. In a member subecte" to unia%ial loa"ing9 the normal stress on the $lanes o8 ma%imum shear stress is
less than the ma%imum.
a7 1 an" 2 are correct b7 1 an" 3 are correct
b7 2 an" 3 are correct c7 19 2 an" 3 are correct =IES - 199$
3. A certain steel has $ro$ortionalit( limit o8 3000 .g>cm
2
in sim$le tension. It is subecte" to $rinci$al
stresses o8 1200 .g>cm
2
5tensile79 /00 .g>cm
2
5tensile7 an" 300 .g>cm
2
5com$ressi!e7. 1hat 6oul" be
the 8actor o8 sa8et( accor"ing to ma%imum shear stress theor(O
a7 1.-0 b7 1.0-
c7 1.20 "7 2.00 =IES - 199$
4. In a t6o-"imensional stress s(stem9 it is assume" that the $rinci$al stresses 1 an" 2 are such that
1 _ 2M then accor"ing to the ma%imum shear stress theor(9 the 8ailure occurs 6hen 56here ( is the
(iel" stress9 ! E &oissons=s ratio an" E the mo"ulus o8 elasticit(7 5IES - 199$7
5a7
[ ]
1 2
1
y
v
E E

5b7
2 2 2
1 2 1 2
2
y
v 1 + +
]
5c7
1 2 (
5 - 7
5"7
2 2
1 2 1 2 y
1 +
]
-. At a $oint in a straine" material9 i8 t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular tensile stresses o8 2000 .g>cm
2
an" 100
.g>cm
2
are acting9 then the intensit( o8 tangential stress on a $lane incline" at 1-
0
to the a%is o8 the
minor stress 6ill be 5IES - 199%7
5a7 12- .g>cm
2
5b7 2-0 .g>cm
2
5c7 -00 .g>cm
2
5"7 1000 .g>cm
2
/. ;or the state o8 stress sho6n in the belo6 8igure9 normal stress sacting on the $lane o8 ma%imum shear
stress is 5IES - 199%7
5a7 2- :&a com$ression 5b7 0- :&a com$ression
5c7 2- :&a tension 5"7 0- :&a tension
0. Accor"ing to the Cistortion Enger( Theor(9 8ailure 6ill *OT occur 6hen 5s(mbols ha!e the usual
meaning7 5IES - 199%7
5a7
( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2 2
2
1 2 2 3 3 1
0
2

1
+ +
1
1
]
5b7
( )
1
2
2 2
1 2 0
4
1
+
]
5c7
( ) ( )
1
2
2 2 2
1 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 0
1
m

1
+ + + +
1
]
5"7
( ) ( )
1
2
2 2
1 2 1 2
0
4
2

1
+ + +
]

2. In a straine" bo"(9 the three $rinci$al stresses at a $oint are "enote" b( 1. 2 _ 3. I8 0 "enote" (iel"
stress theor(9 then accor"ing to the ma%imum shear stress theor(. 5IES - 199%7
5a7 1 - 2 E 0 5b7 1 - 3 E 0 5c7 2 - 3 E 0 5"7
1 3
0
2

3. All the 8ailure theories gi!e nearl( the same result 5IES - 199%7
5a7 6hen one o8 the $rinci$al stresses at a $oint is large in com$arison to the other
5b7 6hen shear stresses act
5c7 6hen both the $rinci$al stress are numericall( e'ual
5"7 8or all situations o8 stress
10. 1hat is the correct se'uence o8 the 8ollo6ing ste$s in the gra$hical "etermination o8 stresses in the
members o8 a loa"e" $lane truss O 5IES - 199%7
1. Fector "iagram to "etermine the en" reactions.
2. s$ace "iagram
3. Stress "iagram
Select the correct ans6er using the co"es Co"es
5a7 19 29 3 5b7 19 39 2 5c7 29 19 3 5"7 29 39 1
11. I8 the "iameter o8 a sha8t subecte" to tor'ue alone is "ouble"9 then the horse $o6er & can be increase"
to 5IES - 199%7
5a7 1/& 5b7 2& 5c7 4& 5"7 2&
12. A cube is subecte" to e'ual tensile stress on all the three 8aces. I8 the (iel" stress o8 the material is (9
then9 base" on the strain energ( theor(9 the ma%imum tensile stress 6ill be 5IES - 199%7
5a7
( ) 3 1 2
y

5b7
( ) 3 2
y

5c7
( ) 3 1
y

5"7
( ) 3 1
y
+
13. In a $lane stress $roblem there are normal tensile stresses % an" ( accom$anie" b( shear stress %( at a
$oint along orthogonal Cartesian co-or"inates % an" ( res$ecti!el(. I8 it is obser!e" that the minimum
$rinci$al stress on a certain $lane is ?ero then. =IES!199'
5a7
xy x y
+ 5b7
xy x y
5c7 .
xy x y
5"7
x
xy
y
14. A $lane rectangular element is subecte" to t6o normal stresses &1 an" &2 on t6o mutuall(
$er$en"icular $lanes 5&1 _ &27 as sho6n in the 8igure. 1hich one o8 the 8ollo6ing statements is *OT
true in this regar"O =IES - 199'
5a7 The $lanes BC an" BC are $rinci$al $lanes
5b7 Shear stress 6ill act on $lanes incline" to $lanes AB an" CB
5c7 There 6ill not be an( normal stress on $lanes ha!ing ma%imum shear stress
5"7 There 6ill not be an shear stress on $lanes AB an" BC.
1-. 1hat is :ohr=s circle o8 stressO =IES - 199'
At a $oint in an elastic material9 a "irect tensile stress o8 /0 *>mm
2
an" a "irect com$ressi!e stress o8
40 *>mm
2
are a$$lie" on $lanes at right angles to each other. I8 the ma%imum $rinci$al stress is
limite" to 0- *>mm
-2
5tensile79 8in" the shear stress that ma( be allo6e" on the $lanes. Also "etermine
the minimum $rinci$al stress an" the ma%imum shear stress.
1/. The rectangular bloc. sho6n in the gi!en 8igure is subecte" to $ure shear o8 intensit( '. I8 BE
re$resents the $rinci$al $lane an" the $rinci$al stresses are 19 2 then the !alues o8 9 1 an" 2 6ill be
res$ecti!el( =IES - 1999
a7 0
0
9 30
0
M U ' an" A' b7 30
0
9 120
0
M U ' an" A'
c7 4-
0
9 13-
0
M
2 2
/ /
and + "7 4-
0
9 13-
0
M U ' an" A'
10. The state o8 stresses on an element is sho6n in the gi!en 8igure. The !alues o8 stresses are %5E32
:&a7M (5E-10:&a7 an" maor $rinci$al stress 15E40:&a7. The minor $rinci$al stress 2 is
=IES - 1999
a7 - 22 :&a b7 A 12 :&a
c7 22 :$a "7 in"eterminable "ue to insu88icient "ata
12. A material o8 Loung=s mo"ulus E an" &oisson=s ratio is subecte" to t6o $rinci$al stresses 1 an" 2
at a $oint in a t6o-"imensional stress s(stem. The strain energ( $er unit !olume o8 the material is
=IES - 1999
5a7
( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
1
2
2E
+ 5b7
( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
1
2
2E
+ +
5c7
( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
1
2
2E
+ 5"7
( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
1
2
2E

13. Assertion 5A7 D In the anal(sis o8 t6o-"imensional stresses9 the normal stress on a $lane 6ill be greater than
the a!erage $rinci$al stress9 i8 the inclination o8 that $lane 6ith the $lane o8 ma%imum
$rinci$al stress is less than 4-
0
.
#eason 5#7 D The hori?ontal co-or"inate o8 the $oint on the :ohr=s circle re$resents the stresses on the
gi!en $lane 6hich is grater than the coor"inate o8 the center o8 :ohr=s circle. =IES - 2<<<7
20. A member is ma"e o8 structural steel. 1hen it is subecte" to sim$le tension9 the limit o8
$ro$ortionalit( is 220 *>mm
2
. I8 the $rinci$al stresses $1 an" $2 "e!elo$e" in the member are 100
*>mm
2
5tensile7 an" 40 *>mm
2
5com$ressi!e7 res$ecti!el( an" &oisson=s ratio is 0.309 then the 8actor
o8 sa8et( accor"ing to ma%imum shear stress theor( 6oul" be =IES - 2<<<7
5a7 2.0- 5b7 2.- 5c7 2.2- 5"7 2.0
21. The $rinci$al stresses at a $oint in a straine" material are $1 an" $2. The resultant stress $r on the $lane
carr(ing the ma%imum shear stress 6oul" be =IES - 2<<<7
5a7
( )
1 2
2 2
1 2
2
p p +
5b7
1 2
2 2
1 2
2
p p 1 +
1
]
5c7
( )
1 2
2 2
1 2
2 p p
1
+
]
5"7
1 2
2 2
1 2
2 p p 1 +
]
22. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam o8 rectangular cross-section o8 si?e 200 % 300 mm 5"ee$7 su$$orts a
uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 /.0 .*>m o!er an e88ecti!e s$an o8 4.0m. Calculate the magnitu"e an"
"irection o8 $rinci$al stresses at a $oint locate" 0.-0m 8rom the le8t su$$ort an" -0 mm abo!e the
neutral a%is. =IES - 2<<<7
23. In a t6o "imensional stress s(stem9 the t6o $rinci$al stresses are 1 o8 120 *>mm
2
5tensile7 an" 2
5com$ressi!e7. ;or the material9 (iel" stress in sim$le tension an" com$ression is 240 *>mm
2
an"
&oisson #atio is 0.2-. Accor"ing to ma%imum normal strain theor(9 the !alue o8 2 at 6hich (iel"ing
6ill commence9 is
=IES - 2<<17
5a7 240 *>mm
2
5b7 120 *>mm
2
5c7 13- *>mm
2
5"7 200 *>mm
2
24. In a stresse" member9 t6o strain gauges are 8i%e" such that the( are incline" at 300 to the .no6n
"irections o8 the $rinci$al stresses. The strains measure" in these t6o gauges are U44-%10
-/
an" A32 %
10
-/
res$ecti!el(. EE2.1%10
-
*>s.mm. an" &oisson=s ratio 5!7 E 0.3 Cetermine the magnitu"e o8 the
$rinci$al stresses.
=IES - 2<<17
2-. Consi"er the 8ollo6ing statements D =IES - 2<<27
:ohr=s circle is use" to "etermine the stress on an obli'ue section o8 a bo"( subecte" to
1. "irect tensile stress on one $lane accom$anie" b( a shear stress
2. "irect tensile stresses in t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular "irections accom$anie" b( a sim$le shear stress
3. "irect tensile stress in t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular "irections
4. a sim$le shear stress
Select the correct ans6er using the co"es gi!en belo6 D
Co"es
5a7 1 an" 4 5b7 2 an" 3 5c7 19 29 3 an" 4 5"Z 19 2 an" 3
2/. A bar o8 s'uare cross-section9 ha!ing area o8 cross-section PA= is subecte" to a com$ressi!e 8orce P&=
as sho6n in the 8igure =IES - 2<<27
the intensit( o8 the tangential stress on the obli'ue $lane is gi!en b(
5a7 & sin 2 5b7 & cos 2 5c7 sin 2
2
$
5"7 cos 2
2
$
20.
&1 an" &2 are t6o e'ual tensile $rinci$al stresses. On the $lane AB incline" at 4-
0
to the $lane o8 &1.
=IES - 2<<27
5a7 the shear stress is a ma%imum
5b7 the normal stress is ?ero
5c7 the shear stress is ?ero
5"7 the normal stress is ma%imum
22. &rinci$le o8 minimum strain energ( is =IES - 2<<27
1. a $articular case o8 Castigliano=s 8irst theorem
2. a $articular case o8 Castigliano=s secon" theorem
3. a$$licable onl( 6hen the re"un"ant su$$orts "o not (iel"
4. a$$licable e!en 6hen the re"un"ant su$$orts (iel"
select the correct ans6er using the co"es gi!en belo6 D
co"es D
5a7 1 an" 3 5b7 1 an" 4 5c7 2 an" 3 5"7 2 an" 4
23. A $rismatic beam ABC is sim$l( su$$orte" at A I B. AB E 2.0m9 BC E 1m9 C is 8ree en". The entire
beam is uni8orml( loa"e" 6ith 10 .*>m. the cross-section o8 the beam is I 6ith 8ollo6ing $articulars D
=IES - 2<<27
;langes D 6i"th E 1-0 mm
Thic.ness E 10 mm
1eb thic.ness E 10 mm
O!erall "e$th o8 beamE 300 mm
Cetermine the ma%imum !alue o8 $rinci$al stress occurring an(6here in the beam. S$eci8( the
location.
30. Assertion 5A7D *ormal stress o8 one nature 5com$ressi!e or tensile7 acting along one o8 the three
orthogonal a%es o8 a member 6ill $ro"uce strains o8 the same nature in its "irection an" strains o8
o$$osite nature along the other t6o "irections.
#eason5#7 D Sum o8 the strains along the three orthogonal a%es e'uals !olumetric strain.
=IES - 2<<37
31. The ra"ius o8 :ohr=s circle is ?ero 6hen the state o8 stress is such that =IES - 2<<37
5a7 shear stress is ?ero
5b7 there is $ure shear
5c7 There is no shear stress but i"entical "irect stresses in t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular "irections
5"7 There is no shear stress but e'ual "irect stresses9 o$$osite in nature9 in t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular
"irections
32. The gi!en 8igure sho6s the stress con"ition o8 an element. The $rinci$al stresses are =IES - 2<<37
a7 U 2 b7
2
t c7 U "7
2
3
t
33. I8 the $rinci$al stresses at a $oint in a stresse" bo"( are 1-0 .*>m
2
tensile an" -0 .*>m
2
com$ressi!e9
then ma%imum shear stress at this $oint 6ill be =IES - 2<<37
5a7 100 .*>m
2
5b7 1-0 .*>m
2
5c7 200 .*>m
2
5"7 2-0 .*>m
2
34. In the :ohr=s circle 8or strains9 ra"ius o8 :ohr=s circle gi!es the =IES - 2<<37
5a7 :inimum !alue o8 normal strain
5b7 :a%imum !alue o8 normal strain
5c7 :a%imum !alue o8 shear strain
5"7 <al8 o8 ma%imum !alue o8 shear strain
3-. A sim$l( su$$orte" beam is 4 metres long an" carries a uni8orml( "istribute" loa" o8 12 .*>m o!er its
entire length. The cross-section o8 the beam is 300 % 400 mm "ee$. ;in" the $rinci$al stresses an"
their "irections at a $oint 100 mm belo6 the neutral a%is an" at d o8 the s$an. =IES - 2<<37
3/.
;or the $lane stress situation sho6n in the abo!e "iagram9 6hat is the ma%imum shear stress O
5a7 cero9 6hen X an" L a%es are rotate" 4-
0
cloc.6ise
5b7 cero9 at all $ositions o8 oreination o8 X an" L a%es
5c7 20 :&a9 at all $ositions o8 orientation o8 X an" L a%es
5"7 A 20 :&a9 6hen X an" L a%es are rotate" 4-
0
anticloc.6ise.
30. =IES - 2<<47
In a $iece o8 stresse" material9 the $rinci$al stress are 1E 3.0.*>m
2
tensile an" 2E0.0 .*>m
2
com$ressi!e as sho6n in the abo!e "iagram. The line o8 action o8 the tensile stress ma.es an angle
E30
0
to the normal to the $lane AB. 1hat is the normal stress n O
5a7 U 0.- .*>m
2
5b7 - 1.- .*>m
2
5c7 U 2.0 .*>m
2
5"7 -2.- .*>m
2
32. =IES - 2<<47
A thin 6oo"en $late &4#S is ma"e b( gluing t6o $ieces o8 6oo" along &# as sho6n in the abo!e
"iagram.
I8 % E -30:&a9 ( E 10 :&a an" %(E09 then 6hat is the normal stress on the sur8ace &# O
5a7 A10:&a 5b7 - 20:&a 5c7 110 :&a 5"7 20 :&a
33. In a $lane strain con"ition in the %( $lane9 the strain com$onents associate" 6ith %( a%es are %E200 %
10
-/
9 (E100 % 10
-/
!%(E - 200 % 10
-/
. 1hat are the $rinci$al strains 8or these strain !alues O=IES -
2<<47
5a7 321 % 10
-/
9 -21 % 10
-/
5b7 231 % 10
-/
9 -12 % 10
-/
5c7 221 % 10
-/
9 01 % 10
-/
5b7 233 % 10
-/
9 -21 % 10
-/
40. In a $lane strain case in the %( $lane9 normal strain in % an" ( "irections are e'ual to ?ero an" shear
strain is e'ual to 3 % 10
-/
. 1hat is the !alue o8 "iameter o8 :ohr=s circle o8 strain 8or these strain
!alues O =IES - 2<<47
5a7 / % 10
-/
5b7 3 % 10
-/
5c7 1.- % 10
-/
5b7 ?ero
41. ;or a case o8 $lane stress9 %E40 :*>m
2
9 (E09 %(E20 :*>m
2
9 6hat are the $rinci$al stresses an" their
orientation 6ith % an" ( a%esO =IES - 2<<47
5a7 1 E 20 :*>m
2
9 2 E 40 :*>m
2
9 1 E 30
0
.
5b7 1 E 100 :*>m
2
9 2 E - /0 :*>m
2
9 1 E 32
0
.
5c7 1 E 102.- :*>m
2
9 2 E - /2.- :*>m
2
9 1 E 3/
0
.
5"7 1 E 10- :*>m
2
9 2 E /2 :*>m
2
9 1 E 3/
0
.
42. A thin ro" o8 10 mm "iameter is subecte" to a tensile 8orce o8 02-0 *. 1hat are the $rinci$al stresses
an" ma%imum shear stressO =IES - 2<<47
5a7 00 :&a9 -0 :&a9 10 :&a 5b7 100 :&a9 cero9 -0 :&a
5c7 100 :&a9 -0 :&a9 2- :&a 5"7 100:&a9 cero9 cero
43. % ( an" %( are normal an" shear stresses on the % an" ( 8aces. 1hat is the ra"ius o8 :ohr=s circle in
terms o8 these stressesO =IES - 2<<47
5a7
2
x y

5b7
2
x y
xy

+ 5c7
2
2
2
x y
xy

_
+

,
5"7
2
2
2
x y
xy

+ _

,
44. Assertion 5A7D A $lane stress s(stem consists o8 t6o $rinci$al stresses 1 an" 2 an" a $lane strain
s(stem consists o8 t6o $rinci$al strains 1E1>E an" 2 E 2>E. Both the s(stems are i"entical. #eason
5#7 D Stress is $ro$ortional to strain. =IES - 2<<47
4-. Assertion 5A7D A rectangular element is subecte" to $ure shear. This 6ill result in crac.s along one
"iagonal an" crushing along the other "iagonal.
#eason 5#7 D &ure shear on a rectangular element results in tension along one "iagonal an"
com$ression along the other "iagonal. =IES - 2<<#7
4/. At a certain $oint in a structural member9 there are $er$en"icular stresses 20 *>mm
2
an" 20 *>mm
2
9
both tensile. 1hat is the e'ui!alent stress in sim$le tension9 accor"ing to the ma%imum $rinci$al strain
theor( O =&oisson=s ratio E 0.2-7 =IES - 2<<#
5a7 cero 5b7 20 *>mm
2
5c7 /0 *>mm
2
5"7 0- *>mm
2
40. In a $lane strain $roblem in %( $lane9 the shear strain E 12 % 10
-/
9 an" the normal strain in % an" (
"irection E 0. ;or this state o8 strain9 6hat is the "iameter o8 the :ohr=s Circle o8 strain O =IES - 2<<#7
5a7 / % 10
-/
5b7 2 % 10
-/
5c7 12 % 10
-/
5"7 24 % 10
-/
42. At a certain $oint in a straine" material9 there are t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular stresses % E 100 *>mm
2
5Tensile7 an" % E -0 *>mm
2
5Com$ressi!e7. =IES - 2<<#7
V*otation D Tension 5U7M Com$ression 5-7 W
1hat are the !alues o8 the $rinci$al stresses in *>mm
2
at that $oint O
5a7 1009 --0 5b7 -1009 -0 5c7 0-9 -2- 5"7 -0-9 2-
43. ;or a state o8 $lane stress 1 E % E 40 :&a an" 2 E ( E 20 :&a9 1hat are the !alues o8 the
ma%imum in-$lane shearing stress an" absolute ma%imum shearing stress O =IES - 2<<#7
5a7 5U 109 207 :&a 5b7 5U 109 107 :&a 5c7 5U 209 107 :&a 5"7 5U 209 207 :&a
-0. 1hat is the ratio o8 ma%imum shear stress to a!erage shear stress 8or a circular section O =IES - 2<<#7
5a7 2 5b7
2
3
5c7
4
3
5"7
3
4
-1. The $rinci$al tensile stresses at a $oint are D % E 20 :&a an" ( E 40 :&a =IES - 2<<#7
;in" the magnitu"es o8 normal9 tangential an" the resultant stress on a $lane at 20
0
6ith the maor
$rinci$al $lane. 1hat is angle o8 obli'uit( o8 the resultant stress 6ith the maor $rinci$al $lane O
Sho6 b( means o8 a s.etch ho6 normal stress 5n7 an" tangential stress 5l7 act on the triangular
element.
-2.
The :ohr=s circle gi!en abo!e corres$on"s to 6hich one o8 the 8ollo6ing stress con"itions D =IES - 2<<$7
-3. I8 the ma%imum $rinci$al stress 8or an element un"er bi-a%ial stress situation is 100 :&a 5tensile7 an"
the ma%imum shear stress is also 100 :&a9 then 6hat is the other $rinci$al stress O 5IES - 2<<$7
5a7 200 :&a 5tensile7 5b7 200 :&a 5com$ressi!e7 5c7 100 :&a 5com$ressi!e7 5"7 0
-4. In a t6o-"imensional stress s(stem9 the t6o $rinci$al stresses are $1E120 *>mm
2
5Tensile7 an" &2
6hich is com$ressi!e. ;or the material9 (iel" stress in sim$le tension an" com$ression is 240 *>mm
2
an" &oisson=s ratio is 0.2-. Accor"ing to ma%imum normal strain theor(9 8or 6hat !alues o8 $29 shall
(iel"ing commence O
5IES - 2<<$7
5a7 240 *>mm
2
5b7 120 *>mm
2
5c7 13- *>mm
2
5"7 200 *>mm
2
--. I8 $1 an" $2 are the $rinci$al stresses at a $oint in a straine" material 6ith Loung=s mo"ulus E an"
&oisson=s ratio 1>m9 then 6hat is the $rinci$al strain O 5IES - 2<<$7
5a7
1 2
p p
mE
+
5b7
1 2
p p
mE
5c7
1 2
p p
E mE
5"7
1 2
p p
m mE
+
-/. A circle o8 100 mm "iameter is inscribe" on a steel $late be8ore it is stresse" an" then the $late is
loa"e" as sho6n in the 8igure. Then the circle is "e8orme" into an elli$se. Cetermine the maor an"
minor a%es o8 the elli$se an" their "irections. 5IES - 2<<$7
E E 2.1 % 10
/
.g>cm
2
D 1>m E 0.22
-0. The stresses in a 8lat streel $late in a con"ition o8 $lane stress are D 5IES - 2<<$7
% E 109000 *>mm
2
( E - /9000 *>mm
2
%( E 29000 *>mm
2
;in" the magnitu"e an" orientation o8 the $rinci$al stresses in the $lane o8 the $late.
-2.
An element is subecte" to stress as gi!en abo!e. 5IES - 2<<%7
;or this state o8 stress9 6hat is the ma%imum shear stress O
5a7 2.- :&a 5b7 - :&a 5c7 10 :&a 5"7 1- :&a
-3. :ohr=s stress circle hel$s in "etermining 6hich o8 the 8ollo6ing O 5IES - 2<<%7
1. *ormal stresses on one $lane
2. *ormal an" tangential stresses on t6o $lanes
3. &rinci$al stresses in all three "irections
4. Inclination o8 $rinci$al $lanes
Select the correct ans6er using the co"e gi!en belo6
Co"e
5a7 1 an" 2 onl( 5b7 2 an" 3 onl( 5c7 3 an" 4 onl( 5"7 2 an" 4 onl(
/0. Consi"er the 8ollo6ing statements D 5IES - 2<<%7
:ohr=s strain circle can be "ra6n
1. 8or $lane stress con"itions
2. i8 strains in three "irections are .no6n
3. i8 strains on t6o mutuall( $er$en"icular $lanes are .no6n
6hich o8 the statements gi!en abo!e are correct O
5a7 19 2 an" 3 5b7 2 an" 3 onl( 5c7 1 an" 2 onl( 5"7 1 an" 3 onl(
/1. 1hat is the angle bet6een $rinci$al strain a%is an" ma%imum shear strain a%is O 5IES - 2<<%7
5a7 0
0
5b7 30
0
5c7 4-
0
5"7 30
0
/2. In a straine" material9 the $rinci$al stresses in the % an" ( "irections are 100 *>mm
2
5tensile7 an" /0
*>mm
2
5com$ressi!e7. On an incline" $lane9 the normal to 6hich ma.es an angle 30
0
to the %-a%is9
6hat is the tangential stress in *>mm
2
O 5IES - 2<<%7
5a7
30 3
5b7
40 3
5c7 /0 5"7 40
/3. Accor"ing to ma%imum shear stress criterion9 at 6hat ratio o8 ma%imum shear stress to (iel" stress o8
material9 "oes the (iel"ing o8 material ta.e $lace O 5IES - 2<<%7
5a7 2 5b7
2> 3
5c7
1> 3
5"7 1>2
/4. Cescribe an( G8i!eH Theories o8 ;ailure 5Elastic gi!ing necessar( 8ormulae an" com$aring 6ith the
!alues obtaine" 8rom tension test7 5IES - 2<<%7
/-. ,i!en the state o8 stress sho6n in the 8igure belo69 8in" the 5i7 $rinci$al stresses9 an" 5ii7 :a%imum
shearing stresses an" the associate" normal stresses. Calculate the $rinci$al $lanes an" ma%imum
shear stress $lane.
5IES - 2<<%7
//. In a bo"( loa"e" un"er $lane stress con"itions9 6hat is the number o8 in"e$en"ent stress com$onents in
or"er to com$letel( s$eci8( the state o8 stress at a $oint 5IES - 2<<'7
5a7 3 5b7 4 5c7 / 5"7 3
/0.
6hat is the "iameter o8 :ohr=s circle o8 stress 8or the state o8 stress sho6n abo!e O 5IES - 2<<'7
5a7 20 5b7
10 2
5c7 10 5"7 ?ero
/2. In a $lane strain situation in %( $lane9 the "is$lacements at a$$oint are gi!en as D 5IES - 2<<'7
u E 5-2% U 2(7 % 10
-/
unit
! E 5-3% U -(7 % 10
-/
unit
6hat is the shearing strain O
5a7 3 % 10
-/
5b7 0 % 10
-/
5c7 - % 10
-/
5"7 3 % 10
-/
/3. I8 a bo"( carries t6o unli.e $rinci$al stresses9 6hat is the ma%imum shear stress O 5IES - 2<<'7
5a7 <al8 the "i88erence o8 magnitu"e o8 the $rinci$al stresses
5b7 <al8 the sum o8 the magnitu"e o8 $rinci$al stresses
5c7 Ci88erence o8 the magnitu"e o8 $rinci$al stresses
5"7 Sum o8 the magnitu"e o8 $rinci$al stresses
00. In a bi-a%ial strain s(stem % an" (9 6hat is the ma%imum engineering shearing strain O 5IES - 2<<'7
5a7 % U ( 5b7 % - ( 5c7
2
x y
+
5"7
2
x y

01. A homogeneous isotro$ic material o8 si?e 20 cm % 20 cm 20cm is $lace" insi"e a rigi" bo% o8 internal
"imensions 20 cm % 20 cm % 20cm. The to$ o8 the bo% is o$en an" the material insi"e is subecte" to a
uni8orm com$ressi!e stress o8 10*>mm
2
8rom the to$. Assuming there is no 8riction bet6een the
sur8aces o8 contact9 8in" the stresses on the si"e 8aces o8 the material. ;in" also the ma%imum shear
stress9 the normal stress on the $lane o8 ma%imum shear stress an" the change o8 !olume o8 the
material. Loung=s mo"ulus E is 1 % 10
-
*>mm
2
an" &oissonPs ratio !E0.3 8or the material.
5IES - 2<<'7
UNIT ! VII
1. A thin c(lin"er o8 thic.ness Pt= 6i"th Pb= an" internal ra"ius Pr= is subecte" to
$ressure P$= on the

entire internal sur8ace. 1hat is the change in ra"ius o8 the c(lin"erO 5

is the &oisson=s ration an" E
is the mo"ulus o8 elasticit(7 5IES-200/7
5a7
2
52 7 p r
Et

5b7
2
52 7 pr
Et

5c7
2
52 7
2
pr
Et

5"7
2
51 7 p
Etr

5IES-200/7
2. A thin c(lin"rical tube 6ith close" en"s is subecte" to 5IES-20037
1. Bongitu"inal stress
2
1
14 > 0 mm
2. <oo$ stress
2
2
2 > 0 mm
3. Shearing stress
2
2 > 0 mm
Then the ma%imum shearing stress is
5a7 14 *>mm
2
5b7 12*>mm
2
5c7 10 *>mm
2
5"7 2 *>mm
2
3. A thin c(lin"rical shell o8 internal "iameter C an" thic.ness t is subecte" to internal $ressure $. The
change in "iameter is gi!en b( 5IES-13307
5a7
2
52 7
4
p%
tE

5b7
2
51 2 7
4
p%
tE

5c7
2
51 2 7
2
pd
tE

5"7
2
52 7
2
pd
tE

UNIT ! VIII
1. The !ariation o8 the hoo$ stress across the thic.ness o8 a thic. c(lin"er is 5IES-20027
5a7 linear 5b7 uni8orm
5c7 $arabolic 5"7 h($erbolic

Subject Details Strength of Materials - I

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Subject Details Strength of Materials - I

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II B.Tech.

I Semester CE 2013-14 Aurora Engineering College

EBen"ing stress9 y "Cistance 8rom *.A.

17 an" longitu"inal stress 5

1here $ E Internal 8lui" $ressure

the &oisson=s ration 8or a material9

9 mo"ulus o8 elasticit( o8 the material E E an" its &oisson=s ratio

E -/9 000 *>mm

$ressure P$= on the

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