Disciplina Limba Engleza

SUPORT DE CURS
Cursul de calificare/ perfectionare/ specializare
Tehnician in hotelarie


FORMATOR
Anca Monica Blenche
2011
CUPRINS
I. HOTEL FACILITIES AND SERVICES.
1. Hotel Types, Hotel Facilities an Se!"ices.
#. Roo$ Types, %ein& Types an Roo$ Rates.
'. (eals.
). Ho$e*o!+, Voca-.la!y an T!anslations
II. HOTEL DEPART(ENTS.
1. Roo$s Di"ision/ %asic epa!t$ents in a 0.ll se!"ice 1otel,
F!ont O00ice,
Rese!"ations
F!ont Des+
Re&ist!ation/C1ec+in& in
Hanin& &.est co$plains
Upatin& an c1ec+in& &.est acco.nts
C1ec+in& o.t
III. LETTER OF CO(PLAINT
2oos
Se!"ices
No!$al
IV. %ASIC 3NO4LE22E
V. A%%REVIATION
VI. 2RA((AR ISSUES
VII. 2RA((AR HO(E4OR3
VIII. %I%LIO2RAPH5
I. HOTEL FACLTE! A"D !ER#CE!
1.Ho$el T%pes& Ho$el Facili$ies an' !e()ices.
Ho$el $%pes * there are many different types of hotel properties, from small places major international
chains and may vary according to number of stars from 5/7-star hotels to -star hotels!
Classi+ica$ion
1.ai(po($ ho$el
2.all*s,i$es ho$el
-.con+e(ence.cong(ess ho$el
/.mo$el
0.(eso($
1.spa ho$el
a.l,2,(%
b.,pscale
c.mi'*(ange
'.b,'ge$*econom
" hotel#s primary mission is to offer a comfortable room to sleep and usually to offer other
services such as meals and recreation!
$ost hotels offer private sleeping rooms %ith bathrooms, front des& services, luggage services ,
'() and guest services! They may also offer commercial services to business travellers, including a
business centre electronic devices and multi-line phones!
1. Ai(po($ ho$el* a hotel located near an airport, usually offering shuttle service to and from the
airport, as %ell as meeting rooms and early chec&out! They cater to the business traveler or leisure
traveller %ith a long +lay-over+ in an airport en route to another destination! ,ecently many companies
have begun using them to hold meetings, seminars and conferences especially %hen participants are
flying in from different locations!
2. All*!,i$es ho$el* li&e small apartments, include a bedroom, and living room %ith limited &itchen
facilities! -ome "ll--uite hotels may include micro%aves, coffee ma&ers and a small refrigerator and bar!
The living rooms %ill include a pull-out sofa and des&! They cater to the traveller %hose stay is one %ee&
or more!
-. Con+e(ence ho$el3 generally conference centres are upscale .first-cass/ properties catering to
corporate clients0 meetings! 1sually, pricing is inclusive of food, beverage and conference services! The
meeting rooms have been designated to accommodate the special needs of 2-52 attendees!
/. Mo$el3 a building or group of buildings %here entrance to rooms is made directly from the outside of
the building! These properties are generally smaller and cater to people travelling by car .$otor 3otel -
$otel/! The front des& covers chec& in, chec& out, guest services and luggage assistance! They are lo%er
in price than a hotel!
0. Reso($s* cater to vocation travellers, as %ell as to businesses holding conferences and meetings!
-ervices are all inclusive so that the guest does not have to leave the premises for any need! They %ill
have food and beverage outlets, sports facilities, health club, entertainment, baby-sitting and par&ing!
The specialities of these resorts may include seasonal recreation such as s&iing and golfing or catering to
couples, honeymooners, singles or families!
1. !pas3 these are resorts offering health, physical fitness, nutritional advice or just plain pampering!
There are tennis courts, s%imming pools, hi&ing trails, beauty salons and specially prepared meals!
Ho$el +acili$ies an' se()ices
(es$a,(an$& ba( . mini*ba(& (oom*se()ice& 4a5e*,p se()ice 6ea(l% mo(ning call7
heal$h cl,b * +i$ness cen$e( . sa,na . 8ac,zzi& s4imming pool& sa+e bo2 +o( )al,ables
T#an' )i'eo& $ele2& +a2& $elephone 6o,$si'e calls& long 'is$ance calls7& c,((enc% e2change
'(% cleaning& la,n'(% se()ice& i(oning
ca( pa(5ing& $(anspo($& (en$*a*ca(
me'ical assis$ance& bab%*si$$ing
a. L,2,(% Ho$els3 'ive 4star hotels offer full service* a concierge, 56 hours room service, one or
more restaurants, a health club, a lounge/ bar, full business services such as multiple phone lines and data
ports, a business centre %ith administrative support!
b. 9pscale Ho$els* 'our and five star hotels %hich cater to the business traveller!They are sometimes
called superior or 'irst Class! )usiness amenities are standard and services include 56-hour room
service,full-service business centre, multiple restaurants and health club!
c.Mi'*Range Ho$el3 Typically consisting t%o and three star hotels, they are sometimes referred to as
Tourist hotels!They may have a concierge or otur des& available to serve guest needs for dining, theatre,
car rental, etc! 'ront des& %ill generally handle these services and business may be available!
'. B,'ge$.Econom% Ho$el:s* one and t%o-star hotels7 their goal ist o offer a clean comfortable
place to sleep %ith limited service!
2. Room T%pes.Be''ing T%pes.Room Ra$es.
Room T%pes Rooms 4i$h speci+ic p,(poses
!,i$e6;,nio(& senio(& p(esi'en$ial s,i$e& (o%al&
+amil%& #<s,i$e7
!ingle*(oom
T4in*(oom
Do,ble*(oom
T(iple*(oom
Connec$ing.a';ioining (oom
Ban=,e$ (oom
Recep$ion (oom
Ball(oom
Con+e(ence (oom
E2hibi$ion.Displa% (oom
Lo,nge.si$$ing (oom. pa(lo(6Am.E7
Room T%pes 3
!ingle3 a room designed for one person! -ome rooms %ill have only one single bed %hile
most %ill have t%o!
T4in (oom3 a room designed for t%o people %ith t%o single or +t%in+ beds!
Do,ble3 room %ith a double bed that can be used for either one or t%o people!
Do,ble.'o,ble3 a room %ith t%o double beds!
!,i$e3 consists of t%o or more rooms, typically a living and sleeping room! "suite may have
more than one bedroom or e8tra rooms such as &itchenette or conference room!
A';oining (oom3 t%o or more bedrooms ne8t toone another but not connected by a commondoor!
9
Connec$ing3 t%o or more sleeping rooms %ith a common door bet%een them!
Be''ing T%pes3
!ingle
Do,ble
>,een
?ing
M,(ph%
8apanese s$%le
@ a be' 'esigne' +o( one pe(son
@ a be' 'esigne' +o( $4o people
@ an e2$(a la(ge 'o,ble be'
@ la(ges$ size 'o,ble be'
@ a be' $ha$ +ol's in$o $he 4all 4hen no$ in ,se
@ be''ing is s$o(e' o,$ o+ sigh$ ',(ing 'a% $ime
an' (olle' o,$ on $he +loo( +o( sleeping
Ra$ing !%s$em
Throughout the %orld, tourism professionals are using various grading systems .rating system/ in
order to assess hotels!
The ratings are usually determined by the level and number of facilities, amenities, service
provided and dependability of basic utilities such as telephone, %ater, electricity! -tandards may differ
from system to system, therefore comparisons are rather difficult to ma&e!
3o%ever, the best-&no%n rating system is the one %hich rates hotels from one to five stars! "
one-star rating %ould indicate a modest hotel %ith very basic facilities, %hile a five-star rating %ould
indicate a lu8urious full-service hotel %ith e8cellent service and facilities!
:iven the fact that these ratings are ;uite subjective, it is recommended %e use a rating system to
compare hotels %ithin a country or region only!
-. MEAL!
English b(ea5+as$3 a brea&fast including coo&ed food, offering for e8ample fried bacon, !
fried eggs, sausages, etc!
Con$inen$al b(ea5+as$* a brea&fast consisting of tea or coffee and ba&ed products
.bread, buns, rolls, croissant, toast/ %ith butter and jam, honey and marmalade, etc!
L,nch
Dinne( . !,ppe(
Foo' plans3
E,(opean plan* the rate for a room alone, %ith no meals included at all!
Be' A B(ea5+as$ . con$inen$al plan* the rate includes the room and brea&fast! The brea&fast
itself can be <nglish or continental!
Hal+ boa(' . 'emi pension . mo'i+ie' Ame(ican plan* this includes the room, plus brea&fast
and other one meal .lunch or dinner/!
F,ll hoa(' . en pension . Ame(ican plan* rooms and all meals included!
3otel -ervices-International Codes
,=$">I" <1,=?< -1" C=@<
Cazare ,oom only <uropean plan.no
meals/
<?
Cazare cu mic dejun
inclus. simplu sau
continental/
)ed()rea&fast Continental
plan. room and
continental
brea&fast/
)()C?
Cazare cu mic dejun
englez sau american!
,oom and
<nglish/"merican
)rea&fsat
)ermuda plan
. room and half-
board/
)?
@emipensiune @emi-?ension, 3alf
)oard
$odified "merican
plan . room and half-
board/
$"?
?ensiune completa <n pension, 'ull
)oard
"merican
plan. room and full-
board/
"?
TA!?!3
1.Bhich a(e $he main ho$el $%pesC
2. T(,e o( +alse
a. (oom se()ice is cha(ge' a$ $he same p(ice as in $he (es$a,(an$
b. an ..a la ca($eD men, o++e(s a single p(ice +o( a $h(ee*co,(se meal
c. all* s,i$es ho$els a(e small& ,pscale apa($men$s ho$els ca$e(ing $o s$,'en$ $(a)elle(s
'. spas a(e smalle( p(ope($ies ca$e(ing $o people $(a)elling b% ca(
-. Ho$els $ha$ ca$e( $o co(po(a$e clien$sE mee$ings a(e calle'3
a. ai(po($ ho$els
b. (eso($s
c.spas
'. con+e(ence ho$els
/. T(,e o( +alse
Ra$ings a(e ob;ec$i)e an' $he% sho,l' be ,se' $o compa(e ho$els $h(o,gho,$ $he 4o(l'.
0. Choose $he co((ec$ ans4e(3
The E,(opean plan3
a. incl,'es in $he (a$e $he (oom an' b(ea5+a3
b. incl,'es $he (ooms an' all meals
c. incl,'es no meals a$ all
,ating system .guide/
"ll-suite hotel
-tudio type-room
$inimum stay
<conomy / )udget / Aimited-service /
-elf-catering hotel
,esort / :aming hotel
Convention / Conference hotel
Buality control
To cater
"udit
-ales
$ar&et research / strategy
?ublic relations
<ngineering department
'inancial reporting / statement
-istem de clasificare
3otel format numai din apartamente
:arsoniera
>umar de zile minim impus pentru o sedere
3otel ieftin/de categorie inferioara
3otel de vacanta
3otel pentru intruniri
Controlul calitatii
" furniza, a satisface cerinte
Control financiar
-erviciu comercial / vanzari
Cercetare / -trategie de piata
,elapii publice
-erviciul tehnic / intrepinere
,aportare/dare de seama financiara
1.T(ansla$e in$o English
3otelul $assimo este unul dintre primele 5 hoteluri din oraCul nostru si este locul ideal pentru 2
vacanta in care sa uitati de toate grijile! Cele 52 de camere sunt spatioase si decorate cu gust, desi sunt
mobilate simplu! Toate au baie proprie, aer conditionat, uscator, televizor si mini-bar!,estaurantul ofera
atat 2 bucatarie traditionala, cat si o varietate de specialitati frantuzesti si italienesti!
3otelul are piscina, sauna, sala de fitness si un teren de tenis!
. HOTEL DE<ARTME"T!
1. Rooms Di)ision * Basic Depa($men$s in a +,ll ho$el se()ice
"! F(on$ O++ice
a/ ,eservations/ 'ront @es&/ ,egistration - Chec&ing in
b/ 3andling guest complaints
c/ 1pdating and chec&ing guest accounts
d/ Chec&ing aut
B. F,es$ se()ices . 9ni+o(me' se()ices
C. Ho,se5eeping . !ani$a$ion
D. Enginee(ing an' main$enance
E. !ec,(i$% an' sa+e$%
Rooms 'i)ision (esponsabili$ies3
@ ?romoting and selling the hotel services
@ ?lanning the reservations and their records
D $onitoring clients0 arrival and room status
D :reeting the clients
D "llocating rooms / &eys
D ,egistrating guests
D Communicating in / out hotel .phone, fa8, tele8/
D Communicating %ith other departments
D @ealing %ith guest complaints
D Collecting and dispersing payments
D Issuing the bill
D $aintaining security and safety
D Cleaning and maintaining the rooms
A. F(on$ O++ice
It is %ell-&no%n the fact that a hotel centres around its 'ront =ffice and that is %hy this department is
often called the +heart+ of the hotel! "ll the departments in the hotel are connected to the front office,
from engineering/maintenance to the accounting office and from food and beverage department to
house&eeping! The impressions generated by the front office staff play a major role in establishing and
promoting a positive guest e8perience!
The ',$ies o+ $he +(on$ 'es5 incl,'e3
:uest registration .chec&-in/7
room assignment and &ey dispensing7
providing the guest and the other departments %ith information7
handling guest complaints7u
updating and chec&ing guest accounts7
collecting and dispersing payments7
chec&ing the guest out!
The F(on$ O++ice Manage( controls and supervises all front office operations %ith a vie% to
ensuring guest satisfaction!
The F(on$ O++ice ta&es care of guest re;uirements from the moment guests arrive at the hotel
until they leave!
The (ecep$ion s$a+f must %or& ;uic&ly, efficiently and be able to deal %ell %ith difficult guests
and problems such as overboo&ing, late arrivals and missing reservations!
The Recep$ion is also responsible for providing numerous services to guests including handling
messages, ans%ering ;uestions about hotel services and facilities, and providing financial transactions as
needed to support the guest visit!
The 'ront =ffice cler&s must be careful to give information about the hotel services and facilities and
encourage the potential guest to boo& rooms at the hotel being at the same time careful to %atch for the
dangers of overboo&ing!
F(on$ O++ice <osi$ion Ti$les3
'ront =ffice $anager
,eceptionist
,eservation Cler& / Information Cler&
Cashier
<O!TO" TTLE! A"D <O!TO" DE!CR<TO"* 8OB RE>9REME"T!
F(on$ O++ice Manage(3
D ,esponsible for the direction and supervision of all 'ront =ffice staff, operations and services
and %or&ing to ma8imize both guest satisfaction and hotel profits!
D Informing all 'ront =ffice staff of program for day, %ee&, month in %riting or verbally!
D Inspecting the hotel premises to ensure that rooms and furnishings meet hotel standards!
D Identifying ?!=!needs and dealing %ith staff problems e!g! over%or&, lateness, and personal
problems!
D 3andling all daily problems and dealing %ith serious guest complaints in order to ma8imize
guest satisfaction!
D ,ecruiting staff, e8plaining all policies, tas&s, procedures and standards and %riting references
for staff!
D Eriting incident / accident reports!
D ?articipating in the selection and training staff process!
D ?roviding the :eneral $anager %ith current arrival and departure statistics and guest
information and reporting about the 'ront =ffice situation!
D ?roviding current information about hotel facilities, services and special events to '!=!
staff and ensuring that staff can provide this information to guest as re;uired!
Recep$ionis$
@ ,esponsible for the efficient and courteous communication %ith guests for all arrival
and departure procedures as %ell as providing guests %ith information on hotel services
and facilities!
D Eelcoming the guests and offering to help the guest, even offering to sho% rooms if
necessary!
D ,egisters and assigns rooms to arriving guests ensuring that registration cards are correctly
completed giving re;uired information!
D 3andles chec&-out of departing guests using hotel standard procedures!
D 3andles guest re;uests and complaints promptly!
D ?roviding current information of tourist attractions, restaurants, hotel facilities,
services,entertainment facilities and current events in the local area to guests .e!g! brea&fast time and
place, laundry, sauna, etc/!
D <nsuring accurate records are maintained and informing other departments of arrivals, room
changes, chec&-outs and special arrangements for FI?0s or group guests!
Rese()a$ion an' n+o(ma$ion Cle(5
o 3andles all incoming and outgoing telephone calls and assists guests in arranging for
telephone calls and messages either in house or outside the hotel property!
o :iving hotel brochures / e8plaining types, position, cost of room!
o "ns%ering letters / fa8es of in;uiry7 giving address and telephone numbers7 giving
mail/messages
o ?roviding current information about hotel facilities, services and special events to pro-
spective guests7 giving directions in / outside the hotel7 e8plaining facilities of area around hotel/ country7
giving tourist information .places of interest, prices, dates/7 e8plaining the culture / religion!
o ,ecords all reservation boo&ings ensuring information is accurately recorded including
name, address and contact number of guest, arrival and departure dates and times, r oom type and rate,
and payment details!
o ,ecords special re;uests for e8tra bed or any re;uest for additional service or amenity!
o ?rocesses changes and cancellations of reservations and ensures records are amended!
o ?romotes occupancy and average room rate by actively promoting the property and
using upselling techni;ues!
o ,esponds to all communications regarding reservations!
Cashie(
D ,esponsible for the supervision of all 'ront @es& financial activities ensuring all transactions are
accurately provided and recorded in an efficient manner!
D ,esponsible for the maintenance of accurate and current guest ledger accounts and handles guests
accounts during chec&-outs!
D ?reparing the bill, giving and e8plaining the bill!
D ?roviding e8change service for cash, traveller0s che;ues and foreign currency notes for guests and
maintaining accurate records of all transactions! "ns%ering ;ueries about payment, by e8plaining
e8change rates!
D Ta&ing payment .cash, credit card, che;ue, Tcs/!
Recep$ion se()ice3 (ese()a$ions an' (egis$(a$ion
Chec5ing*in . Room alloca$ion3
Checking in / check in time - a system of registration upon arrival at a hotel!
Checking in is a process %hereby people register as guests of the hotel, %here room assignments are
made, and %here &eys are assigned for guest accommodation*
D the front des& staff should al%ays %elcome the guests %ith a friendly smile7
D they must be a%are of occupancy levels, special guests and hotel activities and events
D the front des& staff should also be able to provide complete information about hotel facilities and
services!
Tas5s3
1. Fi)e al$e(na$i)es +o( $he ,n'e(line' 4o('s. De)elop a 'ialog,e in 4hich $he (ese()a$ion
cle(5 has no (oom a)ailable an' he m,s$ o++e( $he clien$ an al$e(na$i)e.
,eservation cler&* 3otel $assimo! :ood afternoon! Can I help youG
$r! "ndrei* Hes, I0d li&e to boo& a double room %ith bath for this %ee&end!
,eservation cler&* I see! Ee do have a room available from the afternoon of theth "ugust to the
morning of the Ith! The rate is J52 per night including continental brea&fast!
$r! "ndrei* That %ill be fine!
,eservation cler&* Could I have your name and address, pleaseG
$r! "ndrei* Hes! It0s $r! "ndrei7 the address is K, Cotmeana -treet, )rasov!
,eservation cler&* "nd your telephone numberG
$r! "ndrei* 2K-I56!565!
,eservation cler&* ,ight! Than& you! Ee loo& for%ard to your visit, $r! "ndrei!
$r! "ndrei* Than& you very much! :ood-bye!
,eservation cler&* 3ave a nice day, sirL
!$eps in Tal5ing on $he phone
Ehen tal&ing on the phone, all details must be repeated bac& to caller in order to conirm accuracy!
The (ecep$ionis$ sho,l' ob$ain all relevant boo&ing information including guests full name %ith
accurate spelling7 address7 arrival date, time, month and year7 departure date or nuumber of nights7
number of rooms re;uired7 number of persons to occupy room7 esimated time of arrival or flight details7
postal address for correspondence7 position in the company%hen applicable!
Then the (ecep$ionis$ sho,l' record the date of re;uest for reservation, confirm room rate, note
his/her name and sign reservation form, note reference or voucher number for travel agent boo&ing,
re;uest credit card number and e8piry date %hen applicable, repeat all recorded boo&ing information to
caller and note form of reservation re;uest 4 e8* fa8, telephone etc
Ehen ans4e(ing $he $elephone, the receptionist should identify the department .,eception/,
identify him/herself by name ."driana, spea&ingL/ and offer assistance .$ay I help youG/!
The reception staff must ans%er telephones promptly and record the messages in a
professional manner!
On hea(ing 4hom $he calle( 4an$s, the receptionist may as& the caller to %ait .3old the line,
pleaseLL Must a second, I0ll put you through/!
+ $he pe(son is ,sing $he phone o( i+ $he pe(son 'oesnE$ ans4e(, the receptionist %ill report the
situation to the spea&er .I0m sorry, the number is engaged / busy7 @o you %ant to hold onG / I0m sorry,
there0s no ans%er / reply7 I0m sorry, I0m not getting any ans%er/ reply/!
O++e(ing $o $a5e a message .if the caller %ishes to spea& %ith someone %ho is not available/7
this message should include name, company, phone number, time of call and message .Eould you li&e to
leave a messageG / CanL ta&e a messageG / CanL give him a messageG/!
O++e(ing $o a((ange a (e$,(n call .-hallL as& him to call you bac&G/!
M Ehen han'ling g,es$ (oom change, the receptionist must ensure that guests are given the
re;uested room and upgrade the guest if there has been a problem %ith former room!
3e must not forget to note the room change re;uest on the daily %or&sheet and then for%ard the
re;uest to the other departments!
"fter advising the guest on room availability, the receptionist should as& him for a convenient
time to ma&e the move, and then arrange for porters to assist %ith move!
'inally, after the guest has vacated room the receptionist must change room number or status in
computer system and advise relevant departments of need for room repair or service if re;uired!
Ehen han'ling sa+e$% 'eposi$ bo8es, the front des& staff must al%ays ensure security of guests0
valuables during chec&-in and encourage the guest to use safety bo8 deposit facilities!
In case of ,ne2pec$e' ea(l% 'epa($,(e, the receptionist should encourage the guest to complete
planned stay .if possible/ offering assistance .if appropriate/!
If the guest really must leave, the receptionist should try and determine the reason for the early
departure ifpossible, note in register boo&, and then notify house&eeping and room service!
In case of an e2$ension o+ s$a%, the guest is notified of additional charges and all changes to
registration card is recorded at time of re;uest!
<(io( $o ma5ing an% changes, the receptionist must determine if the room is available for the
e8tension of stay and notify guest of e8tension charge! Then he should modify the registration card, the
guest folio in computer and then advise reservations and house&eeping departments of e8tension details!
"s concerns c,((enc% e2change, the Cashier can e8plain to hotel guest the rate of e8change and
procedures for the e8change of foreign currencies and travellers0 che;ues accepted by the hotel
!
Han'ling g,es$ messages an' +a2es.
The receptionist records the messages accurately and delivers them to the guest rooms
immediately on receipt!
Ehen handling outgoing fa8 transmissions, the receptionists should chec& %hether the guest name
and room number, fa8 number including country and city codes, name of sender and recipient are noted
clearly and then complete outgoing facsimile register!
=n receipt of incoming fa8, the receptionist must note to %hom fa8 is addressed and then
complete incoming facsimile register!
To handle
,ecords
To update
,oom availability
"dvance reservations
=verboo&ing
=ccupancy rate
" manevra, a se ocupa de
<vidente
" actualiza
@isponibilitate
,ezervari in avans
-uprarezervare
:rad de ocupare
,eservation card, form
,egistration card
Ney card
Chec&-in / registration / boo&ing .boo& in/
,oom allocation / assignment
,oom board
?hone operator
-%itch board
To ma&e a call
<8tension
Incoming / =utgoing calls
Ea&e-up call / early call
To put through
?lace of issue
Foucher
'ormular de confinnare a rezervarii
'ormular de inregistrare
Aegitimatie acces hotel
lnregistrare
,epartizare
Tablou sinoptic cu situatia eamerelor
Telefonista
Centrala eu comutatie maluala
" telefona
Interior
Convorbiri interne / e8terne
"pel telefonic pentru trezire
" face legalura
Aocul emiterii unui act
Certificat, act justificativ

Complains
<ach client is uni;ue, having his/her o%n preferences, %ishes and needs! <ven in the most lu8ury
hotels, guest complaints cannot be entirely avoided7 they have either objective or subjective causes,
depending on the clients0 e8pectations!
Ehenever staff are dealing %ith complaints, %hat they must do is*
D listen carefully to the guest and e8press the %ish to solve any problem7
D be calm, polite, trying not to interrupt or comment until the customer has finished
D ma&e a short and clear apology7
D repeat the complaint, in order to assure the guest verbally that they have understood
the problem7
D evaluate the problem and pass over the complaint to those in charge or, if possible,
deal %ith it themself7
D e8plain the guest %hat they are going to do, the action they plan to ta&e7
D control the %ay the problem is solved!
II
Fi)e al$e(na$i)es +o( $he ,n'e(line' 4o('s3
F,es$3 :ood evening! $y name is $ihai Ionescu! I0m in room 2K!
F.O. cle(5* :ood evening, $r! Ionescu! Ehat can I do for youG
F,es$3 I don0t %ant to ma&e any trouble, but could you send someone up here ;uic&lyG
The air conditioning is ma&ing a terrible noise and I can0t sleep!
F.O. cle(5* I0m very sorry, sir! I0ll as& the maintenance engineer to chec& at once! I0m
sure it %on0t ta&e long!
F,es$3 I certainly hope not! It0s rather late and I have an important meeting tomorro%
morning!
F.O. cle(53 I0m sure everything %ill be ta&en care of as ;uic&ly as possible!
F,es$3 'ine! Than& you for your help!
The most fre;uent reasons of guest complaints are inappropriate staff behaviour and ;uality
standard of cleanliness and sanitation, delay in repairing the fla%s, and slo% service!
#ocab,la(%
"pology I to apologise
Complaint / to complain
@elay
To be short-staffed
To be held responsible
To be a%fully sorry
To deal .handle/ %ith a complaint / problem
To do one0s best
$isunderstanding
-lo% service
1pset / annoyed / angry
There and then
-cuza, a se scuza
?langere, a face o plangere
Intiirziere, amanare
" duce lipsa de personal
" fi raspunzator pentru
" 0ii parea foarte rau
" rezolva o plangere / o probleLna
" face tot posibilul
>eintelegere
-erviciu 0Incet / servire lenta
-uparat / enervat / nervos
Aa rata locului
Faluables .gold/silver rings, ear rings,
bracelets, nec&laces, %atches/
)unuri de valoare .inele de aur/argint, cercei,
bratari, coli ere, ceasuri/
9p'a$ing an' chec5ing +olios
<(epa(ing Depa($ing F,es$ Folio must be done after chec&ing its accuracy from registration
form!
'ront des& staff should also be prepared to adjust inaccurate charges and solve any discrepancies
in a prompt and courteous manner and then present the updated folio after correction .if applicable/!
1pon guest departure, the receptionist must re;uest the mini-bar usage information and the usage
information from the other departments!
The guest accounts %ill be presented to the guest for chec&ing prior to guest settlement of
account, then, after charging to guest account, the receptionist presents the guest %ith updated folio and
re;uest him to chec& charges on folio! If there are no discrepancies, the bill is issued and the ne8t step
%ould be to as& the guest to return all room &eys! Then the cler& should offer to provide the guest %ith
assistance %ith transportation and luggage!
'inally, the front office cler& %ishes the guest a pleasant journey and e8presses the
%ish that they %ill return!
'olio.s/ / :uest account.s/
To disperse
To chec& against
To charge to somebody0s account
To settle an account
Tabular ledger
To produce I issue a bill
)ill, invoice
"llo%ance slip
"mount
'inancial statement
Itemized bill
?ersonal che;ue
Travel che;ue
evidenta contabila
a repartiza pe conturi
a compara cu
a factura
a achita
registru contabil, totalizator
a emite 2 factura
factura, nota de plata
fisa de scazamant .borderou, cupon/
suma
raport financial0 contabil
factura detaliata
cec la purtator
cec de calatorie
Invoice: an itemized bill containing the prices %hich comprise the total charge and terms
Bill: a statement of money o%ed for goods / services supplied
Chec5ing o,$
Chec5ing o,$ . chec5 o,$ $ime - a system of payment upon departure from the hotel /
the designated hour at %hich hotels e8pect guests to vacate their rooms!
Tas5s3
Fi)e al$e(na$i)es +o( $he ,n'e(line' 4o('s3
F,es$* :ood morning! I0d li&e to chec& out! $y name is ?opescu! ,oom 2K! I0m a bit in
a hurry!
F.O. cle(5* Must a moment, $r! ?opescu! It %on0t ta&e long to prepare your bill! If
you0d li&e to sit do%n for a moment, please! 3ere you are! That0s the amount payable at
the bottom here! It0s an itemized bill, as you can see!
F,es$* Hes, everything is all right!
F .O. cle(5* 3o% do you %ant to pay the bi IIG
F,es$* In cash!
F.O. cle(53 'ine, sir! =ne moment and I0ll %rite out a receipt!
! Create a reservation form and fill it in!
5! Imagine a dialogue %hich reflects the process of ma&ing reservations!
I! Create a message form and then fill it in!
6! Create an allo%ance slip!
5! <laborate an offer presenting hotel services and facilities!
K! <laborate a satisfactory survey in order to evaluate your guests0 level of satisfaction!
,eservati on form I ?aradise 3otel - 5O >arciselor -treet,
)rasov - ,eservations
>ame of guest* $r! I $rs! I $iss
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
"ddress !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Telephone* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
"rrival date
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!! ,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!! a!m! I p!m!
3o% many nights I >ights !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
,oom !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 3old until
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-ingle @ouble
,ate per night !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3o% many people !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Cler& !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
@ate !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
?aradise 3otel - 5O >arciselor -treet, )rasov - ,eservations
>ame of guest $r! I $rs! I $iss !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
>ationality !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
?assport >umber !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! @ate and ?lace of Issue !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
"ddress !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
"rrival date and hour !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "rrival date and hour !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
,oom>o! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! >o! of persons !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Charge !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Cler& !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
@ate !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2. Dialog,e (e+lec$ing $he p(ocess o+ ma5ing (ese()a$ions.
- I0d li&e a .single/ room, please!
- Hes, sir I madam! Ehen %ould that be forG
- The 15115ndl Ird 14th of Manuary I 'ebruary I $arch I "pril I $ay I Mune I Muly I "ugust I
-eptember I =ctober I >ovember I @ecember!
-Fery good, sir! Could I have your name, pleaseG I I0m sorry, sir! I0m afraid %e don0t have a
.single/ room available then!
-.Message +o(m3
?","@I-< 3=T<A
@"T< !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$essage for* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! I ,oom no! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Caller0s name* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Telephone >o* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$essage* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ,!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
$essage received by* !!!!!!!! +!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Time* !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
/. ALLOBA"CE! !L<
:uest0s name !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! "rrival date !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
@eparture date !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
"uthorized by !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
,oom no! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Total !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
. DFFERE"T TG<E! OF LETTER!
1. "o(mal Le$$e( o+ Complain$
[Your address 1]
[Your address 2]
[Your address 3]
[Postcode]
[Other contact details you may wish to give, phone, e-mail etc]
[Date]
(If you are unsure of the contact details you can search the howtocomplain.com
company database from any page on the website).
[ame o! contact person, i! availa"le]
[#itle, i! availa"le]
[$ompany ame]
[$onsumer $omplaint Department, i! you don%t have a contact name]
[$ompany address 1]
[$ompany address 2]
[$ompany address 3]
[Postcode]
&e' [(ccount num"er, product, service etc]
Dear [$ontact Person or )ir*+adam],
On [date], , ["ought, rented, had serviced etc] a [name o! product with model
num"er, service per!ormed etc] at [location and other details o! the transaction]-
, am disappointed "ecause your [product, service, "illing etc-] has [not per!ormed
as it should, was wrong etc] "ecause [state the pro"lem as you understand it
giving as much detail as possi"le]-
#o resolve the pro"lem , would appreciate your [state the action you re.uire e-g-
re!und, service per!ormed again etc]- /nclosed is a copy*are copies o! the
[receipt, contract etc]-
, loo0 !orward to hearing !rom you and to a resolution o! this pro"lem- , will wait !or
[set a time limit] "e!ore see0ing help !rom [government agency, consumer group,
lawyer etc- Please contact me at the a"ove address or "y phone [give num"ers]-
Yours sincerely
[)ign]
[Print Your ame]
/nclosures' [state documents you have enclosed , i! any]
$c' [,nclude ame, $ompany o! anyone you have copied the letter to, i! any]
2. Complain$ Le$$e(*Foo's
PHour address Q
PHour address 5Q
PHour address IQ
P?ostcodeQ
P=ther contact details you may %ish to give, phone, e-mail etcQ
P>ame of contact person, if availableQ
PTitle, if availableQ
PCustomer -ervices $anager, if you don0t have a contact nameQ
PCompany >ameQ
PCompany address Q
PCompany address 5Q
PCompany address IQ
P?ostcodeQ
P@ateQ
,e* P"ccount number, goods purchased etc!Q
@ear PContact ?erson or Customer -ervice $anagerQ,
=n PdateQ, I bought a Pname of goods purchased, model number etc!Q at Plocation and other
details of the transactionQ!
I am disappointed because your Pname of goods purchased etc!Q has Pnot performed as it
should, %as faulty etcQ because Pstate the problem as you understand it giving as much
detail as possibleQ! Therefore this product is not Pof satisfactory ;uality, fit for the purpose
describedQ as laid do%n by the la%!
To resolve the problem I re;uire you to Pstate the action you re;uire e!g! refund, repair
etc!Q %hilst reserving my right to claim against you! <nclosed is a copy/are copies of the
Preceipt, contract etcQ!
I loo& for%ard to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem! I %ill %ait for Pset
a time limitQ before see&ing help from PTrading -tandards, consumer group, solicitor etc
.details of relevant authorities can be found through our complaints procedures sectionQ!
?lease contact me at the above address or by phone Pgive numbersQ!
Hours sincerely
P-ignQ
P?rint Hour >ameQ
<nclosures* Pstate documents you have enclosed , if anyQ
Cc* PInclude >ame, Company if you %ant to send a copy of this letter to someoneQ
-. Complain$ Le$$e(*se()ices

PHour address Q
PHour address 5Q
PHour address IQ
P?ostcodeQ
P=ther contact details you may %ish to give, phone, e-mail etcQ
P>ame of contact person, if availableQ
PTitle, if availableQ
PCustomer -ervices $anager, if you don0t have a contact nameQ
PCompany >ameQ
PCompany address Q
PCompany address 5Q
PCompany address IQ
P?ostcodeQ
P@ateQ
,e* P"ccount number, service provided etcQ
@ear PContact ?erson or Customer -ervice $anagerQ,
=n PdateQ, I Pbought, rented, %as provided %ith etc!Q a Pservice performed etc!Q at Plocation
and other details of the transactionQ!
I am disappointed because Pthe service you provided, your service etc!Q %as
Punsatisfactory, unfinished, defective etc!Q because Pstate the problem as you understand it
giving as much detail as possibleQ! This is in breach of our contract as laid do%n by the
la%!
To resolve the problem I re;uire you to Pstate the action you re;uire e!g! refund, service
performed again, rectified etc!Q %hilst reserving my right to claim against you! <nclosed is
a copy/are copies of the Preceipt, contract etcQ!
I loo& for%ard to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem! I %ill %ait for Pset
a time limitQ before arranging for the matter to be corrected by a third party at your cost or
see&ing help from PTrading -tandards, consumer group, solicitor etc .details of relevant
authorities can be found through our complaints procedures sectionQ! ?lease contact me at
the above address or by phone Pgive numbersQ!
Hours sincerely
P-ignQ
P?rint Hour >ameQ
<nclosures* Pstate documents you have enclosed , if anyQ
Cc* PInclude >ame, Company if you %ant to send a copy of this letter to someoneQ
#. BA!C ?"OBLEDFE
F(ee$ings.!a%ing Foo'*B%e !al,$,l
Fo(mal g(ee$ings
:ood morningL
:ood afternoonL
:ood eveningL
:ood nightL
n+o(mal g(ee$ings3
3elloL / 3iL
Fo(mal3 :ood byeL
n+o(mal3 )yeL
-ee you soon/later/tomorro%L
-ee you on -undayL
-ee youL
Ta&e careL
I hope %e meet again some timeL
-o longL
3o% are youG - Fery %ell, and youG / I am fine,
'ormule de salut formale
)una dimineapaL
)una ziuaL
)una searaL
>oapte bunaL
-alutul intre prieteni / informal
)unaL
'ormal* Aa revedereL
intre prieteni* ?al
?e curand/pe mai tarziu/pe maineL
>e vedem duminicaL
>e mai vedemL
"i grija de tineL
-per sa ne mai vedemL
?e curandL
Ce mai faciG - 'oarte bine, Ri tuG / -unt bine,
than& youL / I0m all right, than& youL / I0m ;uite
%ell, than& youL / Eell, than&s! / I am glad to see
you again!
n$(o',c$ion.n$(o',cing people
mulpumescL / -unt in regula, mulpumescL/ -unt
destul de bine, mulpumescL / )ine, mulpumesc! /
$a bucur sa te revad!
'ormule de prezentare
Bhen mee$ing 6+o(mal7
"llo% me to introduce myselfL
"llo% me to introduce $r!/$rs !!!! to youL
$ay I introduce $r!/$rs!l$s! SG
Aet me introduce !!! to you!
I %ould li&e you to meet $r!l$rs!l$s! S!
"ns%er* 3o% do you doG I
I am glad / pleased / delighted to meet youL
n+o(mal3
$y name is !!! /l am !!!
This is $r! S!
The lady / gentleman is my husband / my
%ife .a friend / my girlthend/
"ns%er* >ice to meet youL
:lad to meet youL
Bhen lea)ing
It %as a pleasure meeting youL
I hope to have the pleastrreofmeeting you againL
?lease, give your %ife my best regards!
Can' ne in$alnim 6+o(mal7
?ermiteti-mi sa ma prezintL
?enniteti-mi sa va prezint pe dl/d-na !!! L
?ot sa va prezint pe dl/d-nald-ra SG
-a va prezint pe !!!!!
$i-ar p1icea sa il/o cunoaTteti pe dl/dra/d-ra S
,aspuns* Ce mai facetiG
-unt bucuros/multumit/indintat sa va cunosc
n+o(mal3
>umele meu este !! !l<u sunt! !!
"cesta este dl! S!
@oamna / @omnul este sotul meu / sotia mea
.un prieten / prietena mea/
,aspuns* indintat de cunostintaL
)ucuros sa va cunoscL
La 'espa($i(e
" fost 2 placere sa va cunoscL
-per sa ne mai intalnimL
Te rog, transmite-i sotiei salutarile melc!
Cong(a$,la$ions.Bishes Felici$a(i.Do(in$e
<njoy your mealL
:od bless youL .%hen somebody sneezes/
I %ish you a ;uic& recoveryL
?leasant journeyL
3ave a pleasant holidayL
To you / your healthL
?ofta bunaL
>orocL / -anatateL
iti doresc insanatoTire grabnicaL
Calatorie p1icutaL
Facanta placutaL
?entru tine / insanatatea tal
The same to youL
The best %ishes to youL
3appy holidaysL
$erry ChristmasL
3appy <asterL
3ave a good timeL
CongratulationsL
"llo% me to congratulate you on !!!
I %ish you all the happiness in the %orldL
3appy anniversaryL I
$ult%nesc la felL
iti doresc numai bineL
Facanta placutaL
Craciun fericitL
?aTte fericitL
@istractie placutaL
'elicitariL
?ermite-mi sa te felicit pentru !!!!
iti doresc tot binele din l%neL
Aa multi aniL
E2c,ses !c,ze
I0m .so, very/ sorry/I am a%fully sorryL
<8cuse me, pleaseL
?lease, accept my apologiesL
I beg your pardonL
<8cuse me, I did not do it on purposeL
<8cuse me for &eeping you %aitingL
Imi pare .atat de/ rau 1Imi pare nespus de rauL
-cuza-ma, te rogL
Fa rog sa imi acceptati scuzeleL
Imi cer scuzeL
-cuzati-ma, nu am facut-o intentionatL
-cuzati-ma ca v-am facut sa asteptatiL
Respon'ing $o E2c,ses Rasp,nzan' la sc,ze
It0s all rightL / That0s =!NL
>ot at allL / It doesn0t matterL
Hou don0t have to apologiseL
@on0t %on#tL / @on0t botherL
It is / %as not your faultL
It happensL
<ste in regulaL / < =!N!L
>u face nimicL / >u este importantL
>u trebuie sa va scuzatiL
>u va temeti / >u va faceti problemeL
>u este / a fost vina d-voastraL
-e poate intampla oricuiL
Bha$Es 4(ongC s $he(e an%$hing4(ongC
E2p(essing s%mpa$h% an' enco,(agemen$ A(a$an' inHelege(e si inc,(a;an'
That0s bad luc&L Ce ghinionL
I0m so sonyL
I0m terribly sonyL
Try not to %orryL
Eould you li&e me to G
Is there anything I can doG
Hou have all my sympathy for !!!
?lease accept my condolences for! !!
Can I give you a handG
Imi pare atclt de diuL
Imi pare nespus de rauL
Incearca sa nu-Li faci grijiL
"i vrea ca eu sa !!! G
?ot face ceva pentru tineG
"i toata compasiunea pentru !
Condoleantele mele pentru !
Te pot ajuta cu cevaG
Respon'ing Rasp,nzan'
Than&sL
That %ould be greatL
That0s very &ind of youL
It0s all rightL
I can manage, than& youL
$ultumescL
"r fi minunatL
<ste foarte frumos din partea tal
<ste in regulaL
$a descurc, multumescL
Fe$$ing people:s opinions Ce(an' opinile oamenilo(
Ehat do you thin& about thisG
Ehat is your opinion about G
3o% do you feel about thisG
I don0t &no% %hat you feel, but
Ce parere aveti despre acest lucruG
Care este opinia d-voastra despre !!! G
Ce credeti despre acest lucru !!!
>u Ttiu care este parerea dvs!, dar! !!
A mis,n'e(s$an'ing O nein$elege(e
-orryG/I beg you pardon
I don#t understand you
I have not understood
Could you please repeat thatG
-pea& slo%ly, please!
Ehat do you meanG
Ehat have you saidG
-cuzeG/ ?ardonG
>u te inteleg
>u am inteles!
,epetati, va rogG
Forbiti mai rar, va rog!
Ce vreti sa-mi spunetiG
Ce ati spusG
)e so &ind and %rite these %ords do%n/on a sheet of
paper
'iti dragut si scrieti aceste lucruri/pe o foaie de
hartie!
E2p(essing pe(sonal opinions an' imp(essions E2p(iman' pa(e(i pe(sonale si imp(esii
To my mindU
"s far as I am concernedU
It seems to me that
"s I see itU
?ersonally I thin&U
I %ould sayU
It is all right, butU
3e/-he/It loo&s ratherU
@upa parerea meaU
In ceea ce ma privesteU
$i se pare caU
Cum vad euU
-incer eu credU
"s spuneU
< in regula, darU
$i se pare mai bineU
Re=,es$.As5ing +o( <e(mission Ce(e(i.Ce(an' pe(misi,nea
?lease / Eill you be so &ind and !!!
Eill you !!! / )e so &ind and !!!
/ Ee %ould li&e to !!!
$ay !! !G / Can !! !G Could !! !G
Is it possible for me to !!! G
.@o/ "llo% me to !!! / Eill you allo% me to !!! G
@o you mind my .V F-ing/ /if !!!G
If it doesn0t bother you, may I !!! G
Fa rog / "ti fi atilt de dragut sa !!!
"ti vrea !!!
>e-ar placea !!!
"s putea !!! G
$i s-ar permite sa !!! G
Imi permite-ti !!! G
Fa deranjeaza daca !!! G
@aca nu va suparati, as putea sa !!! G
Fi)ing <e(mission Aco('an' pe(misi,nea
Hes, of course!
Certainly/-urely!
@a, bineinteles!
Cu siguranta/ @esigur
Re+,sing pe(mission Re+,zan' pe(misi,nea
Eell, actually !!!
-orry, but! !!
I %ould love to, but !!!
<i bine, de fapt!! !
Imi pare rau, dar !!!
$i-ar placea, dar! !!
<e(s,a'ing <eople Con)ingan' oamenii
I thin& you might consider! !!
This/It can be !!!
!!! is/are seemingly!!!
Hou can trust me !!!
I can assure you!!! Fa asigur !!!
Must try! !!
I0m sureU
Cred ca ati putea lua in considerare !!!
< posibil !!!
"parent! !!
?uteti avea incredere in mine
Fa asigur !!!
Incercati doar! !!
-unt convins!
Fi)ing A')ice !+a$,(i
Hou should /shouldn0t !!!
Hou ought toU
$a&e sure you!!! !
@on0t U
I thin& you0d better!! !
It0s time!!!
The best solution isU
"r trebui / nu ar trebuie!
Trebuie neaparat U
"sigurati-va ca ati !
>u !!!
Cred ca ati face mai bine saU
<ste timpul !!!
Cea mai bun a solutieU
Ag(eemen$ Ap(oba(e
Certainly I >aturally I <8actly
)y all means I 1ndoubtedly
"greed I -ettled I >ot at all
I hope so I I thin& so I It0s possible
$e, too/I couldn0t agree more
I li&e, too/I thin& you0re right
I agree %ith you
"bsolutely/<8actly/ That#s true!
Hou0ve got a point!
@esigur I >ormal I <8act!
Cu certitudine I ?ara Indoiala!
@e la sine inleles I -tabilit I @eloc!
-per I Cred I <ste posibil!
-i eu I Cu siguranla!
-i mie imi place I Cred ca aveli dreptate!
-unt de acord cu d-voastra!
"bsolut I <8act I <ste adevarat!
"veli dreptate!
Disag(eemen$ Dezap(oba(e
It0s out of the ;uestion I it0s impossible
It0s hardly probable I it is not up to me
I0m sorry, but there0s nothing %e can do!
I0m sorry, but it0s impossible!
I refuse I I cannot accept .this/!
I don0t agree at all I It0s not true!
Hou must be jo&ing I Hou can0t be seriousL
I %ouldn0t say so I @o you really thin& soG
It is not my fault! I I don0t really &no%!
< in afara oricarei disculii I < imposibil!
< putin probabil I >u depinde de mine!
Imi pare rau, dar nu se poate face nimic!
Imi pare rau, dar este imposibil!
,efuz! I >u pot accepta asta!
>u sunt de acord! I >u este adevarat
Cred ca glumiliL >u puteli vorbi seriosL
>-as crede! I Chiar credeti astaG
>u este vina mea! I >u prea stiu!
Than5s M,l$,mi(i
Than& you .very much/L I $any than&sL
I do than& youL I Than& you so muchL
Eith all my than&sL
Hou are very &indL
It0s very &ind of youL
I am .so/ grateful to youL
Fa mullumesc .foarte mult/L I $ulte multumiriL
Chiar va multumescL I Fa multumesc atat de multL
Cu mii de mullumiriL
-unteli foarte draut!
<ste foarte dragut din partea d-voastraL
Fa sunt .atilt de/ recunoscatorL
Ans4e(ing $han5s Rasp,ns,(i la m,l$,mi(i
?leaseL I >ot at allL
>o problemL
It %as a pleasure to serve youL
It %as a pleasure to be served by youL
Fa rog I ?entru nimicL
>ici o problemaL
" fost o placere sa va pot ajuta!
" fost o placere sa fiu ajutat de dvs!
Telling %o,( age #a(s$a
3o% old are youG Cati ani avetiG
I am 55 years old!
I %as born in the summer of O7W!
I am younger / older than you!
3e is over 56! 3e is of my age!
"m 55 de ani!
$-am nascutin vara lui O7W,
-unt mai tanar/mai in varsta decat dvs,
<l e trecut de 56 de ani! < de varsta mea,
Telling the time =ra
Ehat0s the timeG
Ehat time is itG
Could you tell the right timeG
It is o0cloc& sharp!
It is about !
It0s more than ,
It0s midday / noon!
It0s midnight!
"t %hat timeG EhenG
The restaurant opens / closes at! !!
It is open / closed at this time!
It0s five minutes past !
It0s 5 past !
It is half past !
It is 5 minutes to !
It is a ;uarter to !
a ;uarter of an hour / half an hour / three ;uarters of
an hour / for an hour / an hour and a half/
for half an hour / t%o hours / for 5 minutes / in an
hour / an hour ago / a ;uarter of an hour ago/
half an hour ago / five minutes ago / starting %ith O
o0cloc& / bet%een 2 and II/from 2 to / until
o#cloc&/ after /at about /very early / too early /
very late / too late
Cat este ceasuG
Ce ora esteG
"ti putea sa-mi spuneti ora e8actaG
<ste fi8!
<ste in jur de !
< trecut de ,
<ste amiaza!
<ste miezu noptii!
Aa ce oraG CandG
,estaurantul deschide/ lnchide laU
<ste inchis/deschis a ora asta !!!!
<ste si 5!
<ste si 5!
<ste si jumatate!
<ste fara 5!
<ste fara un sfert!
jumatate de oral doua ore/ timp de cinci minute/
intr-o ora/ cu o ora in urma/ cu un sfert de ora in
urma/ cu o jumatate de ora in urma/ acum cinci
minute/ incepand cu ora noua/ intre zece si
unsprezece/ pana la ora unsprezece/ dupa ora
unsprezece/ in jur de ora unsprezece/ foarte
devreme/ prea devreme/ foarte tarziu/ prea tarziu!
Telling $he a''(ess A'(esa
$y address is KK 'ranceza -treet, )ucharest, sector
5, bloc& , entrance 5, st .5nd, Ird, 6th/ floor,
apartment 5!
"dresa mea este -trada 'ranceza, bl! 1& scara 5,
primul, .al doilea, al treilea, al patrulea/ etaj, ap 5,
)ucuresti, sector 5!
Da%s o+ $he 4ee5 Iilele sap$amanii
=n -unday,
=n $onday,
=n Tuesday,
=n Eednesday,
=n Thursday,
=n 'riday,
=n -aturday,
Aast %ee&
>e8t %ee&
This %ee&
In %ee&#s time
@uminica
Aunea,
$artea,
$iercurea,
Moia,
Finerea,
-ambata,
-aptamana trecuta
-sptamana viitoare
"ceasta saptamana
?este doua saptamani
?arts of the day ?artile zilei
the day before
the day before yesterday
yesterday
today
in this afternoon I in the afternoon
morning I in the morning I
early in the morning
late in the morning
.before/ noon
at noon
.in the/ evening
Xiua trecuta
"laltaieri
ieri
azi
in dupa- amiaza aceasta
dimineata
dimineata devreme
dimineata tarziu
inainte de pranz
la pranz
seara asta
tonight
at midnight
at night
%or&ing day
holiday
tomorro% morning
tomorro% evening
the day after tomorro%
al%ays
never
>e% Hear0s @ay
>e% Hear0s <ve
<aster
Christmas
noaptea asta
la miezul noptii
noaptea
zi de lucru
vacanta
maine dimineata
maine seara
poimaine
mereu
niciodata
"nul >ou
"junul "nului >ou
?aste
Craciun
Mon$hs o+ $he %ea( L,nile an,l,i
In Manuary,
In 'ebruary
In $arch,
In "pril,
In $ay,
In Mune,
In Muly,
In "ugust,
In -eptember,
In =ctober,
In >ovember,
In @ecember!
In the month of "pril
this month
last month
lanuarie,
'ebruarie,
$artie,
"prilie,
$ai,
lunie,
lulie,
"ugust,
-eptembrie,
=ctombrie,
>oiembrie,
@ecembrie
In luna "prilie
luna aceasta
luna trecuta
ne8t month
this year
last year
ne8t year
in 5226
.in/ the 5st century
the end of millennium
the beginning of millennium
luna viitoare
anul acesta
anul trecut
anul viitor
In 5226
In secolul 5
-farsitul mileniului
Inceputul mileniului
#.Abb(e)ia$ions
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@=C-
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"ccommodation
"dditional
"dvise
"rrive/arrival
"rrange/"rrangement/"rranging
"ppro8imate/"ppro8imately
"s soon as possible
"ttention
)efore
Cost Insurance
Cash in "dvance
Could you
Confirm
Change
@eliver/@elivery
@eparts/@eparure
@elay
@ocuments
<nclosure
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TAS
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<stimated time of arrival
'or the attention of
'light
'or%ard/-end
Information
Invoice
Aetter of Credit
Aast
Aetter
$a8imum
$inimum
$eeting
"nd
>umber
>e8t
I agree/"greement
Is this o&G
=verchange
=rder
=ur letter =ur telephone call
?lease
?ossible
"bout/,eference
,eceived
,egards
,egret
,eply
"s soon as possible
Than&s
Tele8
Hou
Hour
E"TT
F-T
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E/=
EA@ 1
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Falue-"dded Ta8
Fisit
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Eithout
Eould youG
Hour
VI.GRAMMAR ISSUES
TIMPURILE MODULUI INDICATIV
/1ista doua aspecte in lim"a engle2a' simplu si continuu- ,n general, timpurile
simple se !olosesc atunci c3nd accentul se pune pe actiunea propriu-2isa, iar
timpurile continue se !olosesc atunci c3nd accentul se pune pe durata actiunii, pe
perioada de timp in care aceasta are loc-
,n e1plicarea intre"uintarii timpurilor continue se va int3lni !ormularea 4actiune
in plina des!asurare5- (ceasta inseamna ca actiunea a inceput inainte de
momentul la care se !ace re!erire si va continua dupa acel moment-
/1ista un numar de ver"e in lim"a engle2a care nu se !olosesc la !orma
continua, deoarece ideea de durata e inclusa in continutul lor semantic- /1- to
want, to like, to dislike, to understand, to owe, to matter, to love, to hate, to
belong, to believe, to remember, to know-
A. Present Tense Simple
Afirmativ Negativ
, wor0 , do not 6don%t7 wor0
You wor0 You do not 6don%t7 wor0
8e*she*it wor0s 8e*she*it does not 6doesn%t7 wor0
9e wor0 9e do not 6don%t7 wor0
You wor0 You do not 6don%t7 wor0
#hey wor0 #hey do not 6don%t7 wor0
Intergativ
Do , wor0: Do we wor0:
Do you wor0: Do you wor0:
Does he*she*it wor0: Do they wor0:
Present Tense Simple se !oloseste pentru a arata o actiune regulata, o"isnuita,
in perioada pre2enta-
/1- 9hat do you do: 6$u ce te ocupi:7 , am a student-
9hat time do you usually have "rea0!ast:
Present Tense Cntin!!s
)e con;uga ver"ul 4to "e5 la timpul pre2ent si se adauga !orma ing a ver"ului
de con;ugat-
Afirmativ
, am wor0ing 9e are wor0ing-
You are wor0ing You are wor0ing
8e*she*it is wor0ing #hey are wor0ing
Negativ
, am not wor0ing-
You are not 6aren%t7 wor0ing-
8e*she*it is not 6isn%t7 wor0ing-
9e are not 6aren%t7 wor0ing-
You are not 6aren%t7 wor0ing-
#hey are not 6aren%t7 wor0ing-
Intergativ
(m , wor0ing: (re we wor0ing:
(re you wor0ing: (re you wor0ing:
,s he*she*it wor0ing: (re they wor0ing:
Present Tense Simple se !oloseste pentru a arata o actiune in plina
des!asurare in momentul pre2ent-
/1- 9here are you going:
, am going to school-
De asemenea poate arata o actiune care se des!asoara pe timp limitat in
perioada pre2enta-
/1-' , go to school "y "us this wee0- +y !ather is ta0ing me in his car-
<neori se poate !olosi timpul Present #ense $ontinuous cu adver"ul always,
pentru a arata o actiune repetata- ,n acest ca2, e1ista o conotatie a!ectiva
6nemultumire7 sau actiunea respectiva este caracteristica pentru acea persoana-
/1- You are always losing your things-
You are always grum"ling when , as0 you to help me in the 0itchen-
I" #OME$OR%&
'. P!neti ver(ele )in !rmatarele prp*itii +Present Simple, la intergativ
si negativ&
"o$a* Ferbul Yto have+, atunci cZnd nu inseamna Ya avea, a
poseda+, ci este parte dintr-o e8presie .to have brea&fast, to have a
sho%er, to have a party/, formeaza negativul si interogativul cu
ajutorul au8iliarului Yto do+!
! I love my brother!
5! -he tal&s too much!
I! I understand you!
6! Hou play the piano very %ell!
5! I al%ays believe you!
K! 3e remembers my phone number!
7! They live in )ucharest!
W! 3e has a hot bath every day!
O! I trust my friend!
2! I have lunch at one o#cloc&!
2. Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii (Present Continuous) la negativ si
interogativ
! It is raining!
5! I am having a %al&!
I! 3e is telling the truth!
6! Hou are typing a letter!
5! They are s%imming in the river!
K! $y friend is %earing a ne% dress!
7! $y mother is resting!
W! Ee are studying <nglish!
O! "nn is &nitting!
2! The child is learning to play the piano!
-. <,ne$i )e(bele 'in pa(an$eze la <(esen$ !imple sa, la <(esen$ Con$in,o,s3
! I .not go/ shopping because it .rain/!
5! Ehat you .do/ on -undaysG
I! 3e usually .drin&/ coffee but no% he .drin&/ tea!
6! In <ngland it often .rain/!
5! I .not li&e/ that boy!
K! 3e usually .spea&/ so ;uic&ly that I .not understand/ him!
7! Hou .li&e/ this boo&G
W! Hou .dream/ at nightG



!. Tradu"eti in limba engleza
! Iarna ninge!
5! @uminica el nu se scoala devreme!
I! <u nu studiez seara!
6! Ce faciG Citesti sau privesti la televizorG
5! -ecretara tocmai bate la masina un referat!
K! <a merge la cumparaturi sZmbata!
7! "cum imi fac temele la engleza!
W! >u-mi place cafeaua!
O! Ce carte citestiG
2! Aa ce ora se scoala Mohn dimineataG
! Ce faci tu in zilele libereG
5! Cui ii telefoneziG
I! <l nu merge la scoala cu metroul, merge pe jos!
6! @e ce deschizi fereastraG
5! "desea citesc carti englezesti!
K! <a isi face bagajul!
7! CZt de des le scrii parintilor taiG
W! CZnd merg la mare imi place sa inot mult!
O! Clientul tocmai isi alege o pereche de pantofi!
B. <as$ Tense !imple
Past #ense )imple se !ormea2a prin adaugarea terminatiei = ed in ca2ul
ver"elor regulate-
/1- to wor0 = wor0ed
Daca ver"ul este neregulat, Past #ense tre"uie invatat din ta"elul de ver"e
neregulate care indica cele trei !orme de "a2a ale ver"ului' !orma , = in!initiv,
!orma ,,- Paste #ense, !orma ,,, = participiul trecut-
/1- to spea0 = spo0e = spo0en
Afirmativ
,*you*he*she*it*we*they wor0ed*spo0e
Negativ
,*you*he*she*it*we*they did not wor0*spea0
Intergativ
Did ,*you*he*she*it*we*they wor0*spea0:
>orma prescurtata a lui did not este didn!t 6, didn%t wor07-
Past Tense Simple arata a-ti!ne tre-!ta. terminata. efe-t!ata intr/
peria)a )e timp tre-!ta. terminata.
Este timp!l )e narati!ne.
Se tra)!-e. )e (i-ei. -! perfe-t!l -mp!s.
E0. 1ester)a2 I 3ent fr a 3al4.
+Ieri am mers al plim(are.,
Last 2ear I travelle) t Englan).
6(nul trecut am calatorit in (nglia-7
Past Tense Cntin!!s
)e !ormea2a prin con;ugarea ver"ului 4to "e5 la trecut 6Past #ense7 si
adaugarea !ormei ing a ver"ului de con;ugat-
Afirmativ
, was wor0ing 9e were wor0ing
You were wor0ing You were wor0ing
8e*she*it was wor0ing #hey were wor0ing
Negativ
, was not wor0ing 9e were not wor0ing
You were not wor0ing You were not wor0ing
8e*she*it was not wor0ing #hey were not wor0ing
>ormele prescurtate sunt'
was not = wasn%t , wasn%t wor0ing-
were not = weren%t #hey weren%t wor0ing-
Intergativ
9as , wor0ing: 9ere we wor0ing:
9ere you wor0ing: 9ere you wor0ing:
9as he*she*it wor0ing: 9ere they wor0ing:
Arata a-ti!ne in plina )esfas!rare intr/!n mment )in tre-!t.
Se tra)!-e. )e (i-ei. -! imperfe-t!l.
E0. T5is time 2ester)a2. I 3as 3at-5ing TV.
+Ieri pe vremea asta priveam la televi*r.,
(desea, in aceeasi !ra2a, este posi"il sa apara un ver" !olosit la Past
$ontinuous si un ver" !olosit la Past )imple- ,n acest ca2, ver"ul la Past
$ontinuous 6tradus cu imper!ectul7, repre2inta !undalul de timp pe care se petrece
actiunea e1primata de Past )imple 6tradus cu per!ectul compus7-
/1- 9hile , was crossing the street, , met ?ohn-

/ste, de asemenea, posi"il sa apara intr-o !ra2a timpul Past $ontinuous in mod
repetat- ,n aceasta situatie, am"ele ver"e se traduc cu imper!ectul, ele arat3nd
actiuni paralele, in plina des!asurare, intr-un moment trecut-
/1- 9hile ?ohn was reading, his sister was watching #@-
6,n timp ce ?ohn citea, sora lui privea la televi2or-7
E"ERCISES&
! Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii la Past Tense Simple
! I sleep until O o#cloc& every day!
5! 3e meets Mohn on -undays!
I! Hou spea& <nglish %ell!
6! Hou drin& too much!
5! Hou as& too many ;uestions!
K! I play football!
7! I o%n t%o umbrellas!
W! I li&e to have a coffee in the morning!
O! That sounds interesting!
2! I al%ays ma&e ca&es on -undays!
! Puneti verbele din urmatoarele propozitii la negativ si interogativ
! 3e thought about you!
5! They dran& all the %ine!
I! I hated him!
6! 3e changed his library boo& every day!
5! I sold my car!
K! Ee %or&ed very hard!
7! 3e came home late!
W! I enjoyed travelling!
O! 3e translated the te8t!
2! 3e forbade her to do this!
! Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Tense Simple sau Continuous
! Ehen you .come in/, I tal& on the phone!
5! Ehen I first .meet/ him, he .%or&/ in a ban&!
I! Ehile he .learn/ to drive, he .have/ an accident!
6! "s I .%rite/, someone .ring up/!
5! Ehere you .go/ %hen I .meet/ youG
K! Ehat you .do/ this time yesterdayG
7! Ehen I .enter/ the classroom, the teacher .%rite/ on the blac&board!
W! Ehen I .arrive/, she .have/ dinner!
O! This time last -unday, I .%atch/ a film on TF!
2! 3e suddenly .realize/ that he .not %ear/ his glasses!
! Tradu"eti in limba engleza
! -oarele nu a apus la ora W aseara!
5! "i dormit bine noaptea trecutaG
I! Ieri nu am mers la bazinul de inot!
6! $-am sculat tZrziu ieri dimineata!
5! @uminica trecuta prietenii mei au jucat sah!
K! Ieri pe vremea asta ploua!
7! Ce faceai martea trecuta la ora 7 dimineataG
W! $a pregateam sa merg la facultate!
O! In timp ce imi cautam pasaportul am gasit aceasta fotografie veche!
2! )aietii jucau carti cZnd l-au auzit pe tatal lor intrZnd in casa!
C. <(esen$ <e(+ec$ !imple
#impul Present Per!ect )imple se !ormea2a prin con;ugarea ver"ului 4to have5
la pre2ent, la care se adauga !orma a treia 6participiul trecut7 a ver"ului de
con;ugat-
Afirmativ
, have wor0ed 9e have wor0ed
You have wor0ed You have wor0ed
8e*she*it has wor0ed #hey have wor0ed
Negativ
, have not 6haven%t7 wor0ed-
8e*she*it has not 6hasn%t7 wor0ed.
Intergativ
8ave , wor0ed:
8as he*she*it wor0ed:
Timp!l Present Perfe-t este !n timp )e relatie. El arata legat!ra intre
tre-!t si mment!l pre*ent.
Timp!l Present Perfe-t Simple se flseste in !rmatarele sit!atii&
arata o actiune inceputa in trecut care continua pZna in prezent! Cu acest sens se
folosesc de obicei prepozitiile since .din, incepZnd din/ si for .de, timp de/!
<8! I haven#t seen Mohn for t%o months!
.>u l-am vazut pe Mohn de doua luni!/
I haven#t seen Mohn since -eptember!
.>u l-am vazut pe Mohn din septembrie!/
I have &no%n Mohn for t%o years!
.Il cunosc pe Mohn de doi ani!/
I have &no%n Mohn since OO2!
.Il cunosc pe Mohn din OO2!/
arata o actiune trecuta, efectuata intr-o perioada de timp neterminata! In acest caz,
folosirea lui este insotita de adverbe precum* today, this %ee&, this month, this
year!
<8! I have seen t%o films this %ee&!
."m vazut doua filme saptamZna aceasta!/
@aca adverbul de timp este Ythis morning+, folosirea timpului verbal este conditionata
de momentul in care se face afirmatia7 daca aceasta este in cursul diminetii .pZna la ora
5/ sau dupa amiaza!
/1- ora 1A a-m-
I haven#t got up early this morning!
ora 5 p!m!
I didn#t get up early this morning!
Traducerea celor doua propozitii in limba romZna este identica!
>u m-am sculat devreme azi dimineata!
arata o actiune trecuta, terminata, care are rezultate in prezent sau care, dintr-un
motiv sau altul, intereseaza in prezent!
<8! 3ave you seen 3amletG
6(i va2ut 8amlet:7
, have lost my um"rella - , must "uy a new one-
6+i-am pierdut um"rela- #re"uie sa-mi cumpar una noua-7
#re"uie preci2at !aptul ca, daca se mentionea2a momentul trecut in care a avut
loc actiunea care interesea2a in pre2ent sau care are re2ultate in pre2ent, nu mai
poate !i !olosit timpul Present Per!ect- ,n acest ca2, se !oloseste Past )imple-
/1- , lost my um"rella yesterday- , must "uy a new one-
De asemenea, daca se pune o intre"ate re!eritoare la trecut care incepe cu
4when5, nu se poate !olosi timpul Present Per!ect, intruc3t 4when5 repre2inta un
moment preci2at in trecut-
/1- 9hen did you see 8amlet:
, saw it last wee0-
#impul Present Per!ect nu poate !i !olosit cu un adver" de timp preci2at in
trecut-
)e !oloseste cu adver"e de timp nepreci2at care leaga trecutul de pre2ent-
(dver"e de timp nepreci2at care se asea2a intre au1iliar si ver"' o!ten, never,
seldom, always, ever, already, ;ust-
/1- 8ave you ever "een to /ngland:
6(i !ost vreodata in (nglia:7
o, , have never "een to /ngland-
Yes, , have o!ten "een to /ngland-
(dver"e de timp nepreci2at care stau la s!3rsitul propo2itiei' lately, yet 6in
propo2itii negative7-
/1- 8e hasn%t returned home yet-
6/l nu s-a intors inca acasa-7
, haven%t seen him lately-
6u l-am va2ut in ultimul timp-7
Dupa cum se poate o"serva, timpul Present Per!ect )imple se traduce in
rom3neste !ie cu pre2entul, !ie cu per!ectul compus, in !unctie de conte1t-
Present Perfe-t Cntin!!s
)e !ormea2a cu Present Per!ect )imple al ver"ului 4to "e5, la care se adauga
!orma ing a ver"ului de con;ugat-
Afirmativ
, have "een wor0ing 9e have "een wor0ing
You have "een wor0ing You have "een wor0ing
8e*she*it has "een wor0ing #hey have "een wor0ing
Negativ
, have not 6haven%t7 "een wor0ing-
8e has not 6hasn%t7 "een wor0ing-
Intergativ
8ave , "een wor0ing:
8as he "een wor0ing:
#impul Present Per!ect $ontinuous arata o actiune in plina des!asurare, cu
accent pe durata, intre un moment trecut si pre2ent-
/1- , am tired "ecause , have "een wor0ing all day-
6)unt o"osit pentru ca am muncit toata 2iua-7

De asemene, poate arata pro"a"ilitatea ca actiunea inceputa in trecut, care
continua in pre2ent, sa continue si in viitor-
/1- ,t has "een raining !or three hours- ,! it doesn%t stop soon, we shall have
!loods-
6Ploua de trei ore- Daca nu se opreste in cur3nd, vom avea inundatii-7
$a si Present Per!ect )imple, se poate traduce cu pre2entul sau cu per!ectul
compus din lim"a rom3na-
E"ERCISES&
! #olositi Present Per$e"t Simple in lo"ul in$initivelor din paranteze
! Ehere you .be/G I .be/ to the mar&et!
5! Hou .%ater/ the flo%ersG
I! 3e just .leave/ home!
6! I .lend/ him some money today!
5! There isn#t any train service because the engine 4 drivers .go/ on stri&e!
K! Eould you li&e a ca&eG
7! >o, than& you, I just .have/ one!
W! I already .see/ this film!
O! 3e .not come/ home yet!
2! I .not be/ to the seaside this year!
! #olositi Present Per$e"t Simple sau Continuous in lo"ul in$initivelor din
paranteze
! 3e .fish/ for t%o hours but he .catch/ nothing yet!
5! Ee .&no%/ each other for several years!
I! The radio .play/ since 7 a!m! I#m tired of it!
6! I .shop/ all day and I %ant to have a rest no%!
5! 3o% long you .%ear/ glassesG
K! I .coo&/ all the morning!
7! 3o% many dishes you .coo&/G
W! Ehy you .be/ in the garden so longG
O! I .%ater/ the flo%ers!
2! 3e .sleep/ for 2 hours no%! It#s time %e %o&e him up!
! I .as&/ you to clean your room for t%o days! Ehen are you going to do itG
5! <ver since that %oman came to %or& here, she .try/ to ma&e trouble!
! Tradu"eti in limba engleza $olosind Past Tense Simple sau Present Per$e"t
Simple sau Continuous
! Cine te-a invatat sa vorbesti engleza atZt de bineG
5! 1nde ti-ai petrecut vacanta anul acestaG
I! $-am gZndit adesea sa-mi iau carnet de conducere!
6! @e cZt timp inveti englezaG
5! Fremea s-a incalzit in ultimul timp!
K! <l este ministru de doi ani!
7! Traduc un te8t de doua ore si nu l-am terminat inca!
W! <l a scris numai doua scrisori de cZnd a plecat in strainatate!
O! 1n copil a spart geamul! Trebuie sa-l inlocuim!
2! >inge de doua ore!
D. <as$ <e(+ec$ !imple
)e !ormea2a cu ver"ul 4to have5 la Past #ense )imple, la care se adauga !orma
,,, 6past participle7 a ver"ului de con;ugat-
Afirmativ
, had wor0ed-
Negativ
, had not 6hadn%t7 wor0ed-
Intergativ
8ad , wor0ed:
(cest timp are aceeasi !orma la toate persoanele- /ste, ca si Present Per!ect,
un ver" de relatie, dar, in acest ca2, este vor"a de o relatie intre doua momente
trecute-
(rata o actiune trecuta care a avut loc inaintea unei alte actiuni sau a unui
moment din trecut-
/1- Yesterday at B o%cloc0 , had had "rea0!ast-
6,eri la ora B luasem micul de;un-7
9hen you rang me up, , had !inished writing my homewor0-
6$3nd mi-ai tele!onat, terminasem de scris temele-7
$a sens, echivalentul in lim"a rom3na al acestui timp este mai mult ca
per!ectul- )e poate traduce cu mai mult ca per!ectul sau per!ectul compus-


Past Perfe-t Cntin!!s
)e !ormea2a cu Past Per!ect )imple al ver"ului 4to "e5, la care se adauga
!orma ing a ver"ului de con;ugat-
Afirmativ
, had "een wor0ing-
Negativ
, had not 6hadn%t7 "een wor0ing-
Intergativ
8ad , "een wor0ing:
(ceste !orme se pastrea2a la toate persoanele-
#impul Past Per!ect $ontinuous arata o actiune in plina des!asurare intre doua
momente trecute- De asemenea, c3nd in aceeasi !ra2a in propo2itia principala se
a!la un ver" la Past #ense, Past Per!ect $ontinuous poate prelua !unctiile lui
Present Per!ect $otinuous in propo2itia secundara-
/1- 9hen he entered the room, she had "een typing !or one hour-
6$3nd el a intrat in camera, ea "atea la masina de o ora-7
(!ter ?ohn had "een watching #@ !or 1A minutes, he got "ored-
6Dupa ce ?ohn privise 6a privit7 la televi2or 1A minute, s-a plictisit-7
8e said it had "een raining !or three days-
6/l a spus ca ploua de trei 2ile-7
Dupa cum se o"serva, acest timp se poate traduce cu mai mult ca per!ectul,
per!ectul compus sau imper!ectul din lim"a rom3na-
E"ERCISES&
! Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Per$e"t Simple
! "fter they .finish/ dinner, they dran& some coffee!
5! -he said she already .be/ to <ngland!
I! 3e as&ed me %hether I .meet/ Mohn before!
6! -he discovered her child .not tell/ the truth!
5! 3e told me he .catch/ some fish on that day!
K! "t I o#cloc& on 'riday, I .return/ from school!
7! The house %as much smaller then he .thin&/ at first!
W! The fire .spread/ to the ne8t building %hen the firemen arrived!
O! Ee %ere shoc&ed to hear she .not pass/ the e8am!
2! The child .eat/ all the ca&es before his mother became a%are of it!
! Puneti verbele din paranteze la Past Per$e"t Continuous
! Ehen I left home, it .rain/ for one hour!
5! Ehen %e met them, they .%ait/ for the bus for half an hour!
I! Ehen I arrived home, mother .coo&/ for t%o hours!
6! Ehen she sat for the e8am, she .study/ the subject for a %ee&!
5! Ehen I rang her up, she .%rite/ letters for one hour!
K! Ehen she decided to have a rest, she .clean/ and .dust/ for 5 hours!
7! "fter Mane .s%im/ for half an hour, she felt chilly!
W! Ehen I called on her une8pectedly, I realized she .have/ a party!
O! Ehen %e reached the top, %e .climb/ for 7 hours!
2! Ehen %e arrived at -inaia, somebody told us it .rain/ for hours!
! Tradu"eti in limba engleza $olosind Past Per$e"t Simple sau Continuous sau
Past Tense Simple
! $i-a parut rau ca il jignisem!
5! <l mi-a multumit pentru ceea ce facusem pentru el!
I! @e indata ce a terminat de scris lucrarea, a inmZnat-o profesorului!
6! <l nu facuse nimic inainte de a-mi cere mie sfatul!
5! @e indata ce au plecat musafirii, am mers la culcare!
K! CZnd am ajuns la statia de autobuz, mi-am dat seama ca imi lasasem poseta acasa!
7! -ecretara mi-a spus ca directorul vorbea la telefon de o jumatate de ora!
W! <i mi-au spus ca locuiau in 'ranta din OW2!
O! >u ti-am telefonat pentru ca am crezut ca plecasesi in strainatate!
2! <i au calatorit in multe tari dupa ce s-au casatorit!
E. F,$,(e Tense !imple
)e !ormea2a cu shall sau will la persoana ,, will la persoana ,, si ,,,, la care se
adauga in!initivul ver"ului de con;ugat-
Afirmativ
, 6shall7 will go 9e 6shall7 will go
You will go You will go
8e*she*it will go #hey will go
Negativ
, 6shall7 will not go 9e 6shall7 will not go
You will not go You will not go
8e*she*it will not go #hey will not go
>orma scurta pentru 4shall not5 este shan!t, iar pentru 4will not5 este won!t-
Intergativ
)hall , go: )hall we go:
9ill you go: 9ill you go:
9ill he*she*it* go: 9ill they go:
#re"uie remarcat !aptul ca la interogativ persoana ,, se !oloseste numai 4shall5-
(cest timp arata o actiune viitoare o"isnuita- )e traduce cu viitorul din lim"a
rom3na-
/1- , 6shall7 will meet him ne1t wee0-
6,l voi int3lni saptam3na viitoare-7
6!t!re Cntin!!s
)e !ormea2a cu viitorul simplu al ver"ului 4to "e5, la care se adauga !orma ing
a ver"ului de con;ugat-
Afirmativ
, 6shall7 will "e going-
You will "e going-
8e*she*it will "e going-
9e 6shall7 will "e going-
You will "e going-
#hey will "e going-
Negativ
, 6shall7 will not "e going-
You will not "e going-
8e*she*it will not "e going-
9e 6shall7 will not "e going-
You will not "e going-
#hey will not "e going-
Intergativ
)hall , "e going: )hall we "e going:
9ill you "e going: 9ill you "e going:
9ill he*she*it "e going: 9ill they "e going:
(cest timp arata o actiune in plina des!asurare intr-un moment viitor-
/1- (t three o%cloc0, , will "e travelling to /ngland-
6+3ine la ora trei voi calatori spre (nglia-7
)e traduce cu viitorul din lim"a rom3na-
6!t!re Perfe-t Simple
)e !ormea2a cu shall sau will, la care se adauga in!initivul trecut al ver"ului de
con;ugat- 6have C !orma ,,,7-
Afirmativ
, 6shall7 will have gone-
You will have gone-
8e*she*it will have gone-
9e 6shall7 will have gone-
You will have gone-
#hey will have gone-
egativ
, 6shall7 will not have gone-
You will not have gone-
8e*she*it will not have gone-
9e 6shall7 will not have gone-
You will not have gone-
#hey will not have gone-
,nterogativ
)hall , have gone: )hall we have gone:
9ill you have gone: 9ill you have gone:
9ill he*she*it have gone: 9ill they have gone:
(cest timp arata o actiune anterioara unei alte actiuni sau unui moment viitor-
)e traduce cu timpul viitor anterior din lim"a rom3na-
/1- Dy three o%cloc0 tomorrow, , will have reached Predeal-
6+3ine p3na la ora trei voi !i a;uns la Predeal-7
6!t!re Perfe-t Cntin!!s
)e !ormea2a cu >uture Per!ect al ver"ului 4to "e5, la care se adauga !orma ing
a ver"ului de con;ugat-
/1- , 6shall7 will have "een going-
9hen you come home, , will have "een studying !or three hours-
$3nd vei veni tu acasa, voi studia 6voi !i studiat7 de trei ore-
(rata o actiune in plina des!asurare intre doua momente viitoare- )e traduce cu
viitorul simplu sau cu viitorul anterior din lim"a rom3na-
/ste un timp rar !olosit-


6!t!re/in/t5e/Past Simple
)e !ormea2a cu should 6persoana ,7 sau would 6toate persoanele7, la care se
adauga in!initivul ver"ului de con;ugat-
Afirmativ
, 6should7 would go 9e 6should7 would go
You would go You would go
8e*she*it would go #hey would go
Negativ
, 6should7 would not go 9e 6should7 would not go
You would not go You would not go
8e*she*it would not go #hey would not go
>orma scurta de la 4should not5 este shouldn!t, iar cea de la 4would not5 este
wouldn!t-
(cest timp este !olosit in concordanta timpurilor pentru a arata o actiune
posterioara unui moment sau unei actiuni din trecut-
/1- 8e said he would "e late-
6/l a spus ca va int3r2ia-7
,ntruc3t nu poate !i int3lnit dec3t in propo2itii secundare 6dupa un ver" la timpul
trecut in propo2itia principala7, nu se pune pro"lema !olosirii lui a interogativ dec3t
in intre"ari dis;unctive-
6!t!re/in/t5e/Past Cntin!!s
)e !ormea2a cu >uture-in-the-Past )imple al ver"ului 4to "e5, la care se adauga
!orma ing a ver"ului de con;ugat-
, should 6would7 "e going-
/ste un timp sestul de rar !olosit- Preia !unctiile lui >uture #ense $ontinuous
intr-o propo2itie secundara, atunci c3nd in principala se a!la un ver" la trecut-
/1- 8e said that at 3 o%cloc0, the ne1t day, he would "e travelling to /ngland-
6/l a spus ca in 2iua urmatoare, la ora 3, va calatori spre (nglia-7
Alte mi7la-e )e e0primare a viitr!l!i
?resent -imple V adverb de timp viitor! Intr-un astfel de conte8t, arata un program
precis, bine stabilit!
<8! I leave for Aondon tomorro%!
.?lec/voi pleca la Aondra mZine!/
?resent Continuous V adverb de timp viitor! "rata o intentie, un aranjament
prealabil pentru viitorul apropiat!
<8! I am meeting Mohn this morning!
.Il intZlnesc/il voi intZlni pe Mohn in dimineata aceasta!/
<8presia Yto be going to+ V infinitiv! "rata de asemenea o intentie sau o
probabilitate!
<8! I am going to read this boo&!
.Foi citi/am de gZnd sa citesc aceasta carte!/
It is going to rain!
E0er-itii -! timp!rile 86!t!re9
! Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul #uture Simple
! I .&no%/ the results in three days# time!
5! Hou .be/ in Aondon tomorro%!
I! Hou .recognize/ him %hen you see himG
6! I .remember/ this day all my life!
5! I am sure you .li&e/ this boo&!
K! 3e .be/ pleased if you invite him!
7! I am sure I .succeed/!
W! Hou .remember/ to post my letterG
O! I hope I .pass/ the e8am!
2! Hou .not find/ a solution if you don#t &no% the %hole truth!
! Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul #uture Continuous
! This time ne8t month, I .s%im/ in the sea!
5! Ehen you reach -inaia, it probably .rain/!
I! @on#t ring her up at W o#cloc& p!m! -he .%atch/ TF!
6! Hou .need/ the vacuum cleaner tomorro% or may I borro% itG
5! I am sure %hen I arrive home, the baby .cry/!
K! Aet#s hurry to the beach! The sun .rise/ in 2 minutes!
7! 3e .study/ all day tomorro%!
W! This time ne8t day, %e .climb/ the mountain!
O! Tomorro% morning at W o#cloc&, I .have/ brea&fast!
2! @on#t e8pect me home for dinner, I .%or&/ at the office till late at night!
%. Puneti verbele din paranteze la timpul #uture Per$e"t Simple sau Continuous
! In a %ee&#s time, %e .ta&e/ our e8am!
5! I .finish/ reading the ne%spapers by lunch time!
I! >e8t year, they .be married/ for 55 years!
6! If %e don#t hurry, the sun .rise/ before %e reach the beach!
5! )y the end of the season, one hundred thousand people .spend/ their holidays at
the seaside!
K! )y the time you come home, I .coo&/ for t%o hours!
7! Ehen I ta&e the e8am, I .read/ all the boo&s on the bibliography list!
W! )y the beginning of ne8t %ee&, I .%or&/ on this paper for a month!
O! )y 5 o#cloc&, you .see/ all the e8hibits in the museum!
2! )y the end of the month, I .pay off/ all my debts!
!. Tradu"eti in limba engleza $olosind unul din tipurile de viitor
! ?Zna anul viitor pe vremea aceasta, vor fi economisit 5 milioane!
5! Ce faci mZine dimineata la ora G
I! Foi vizita tZrgul international!
6! "m cumparat o masina de scris si voi invata sa bat!
5! ?Zna la sfZrsitul lunii, voi fi vazut acest film de 5 ori!
K! Trenul va fi plecat inainte de a ajunge noi la gara!
7! ?Zna la ora , ea va fi terminat curatenia in casa!
W! Fineri, intre orele 5 si , ei vor avea ultima ora de engleza!
O! <l va studia in biblioteca luni de la ora la 5!
2! @in cauza grevei soferilor de autobuze multa lume va merge pe jos la slujba,
mZine!
! 1ite ce am cumparat la o licitatieL
5! < un obiect frumos! 1nde il vei puneG
Verbele auxiliare
Verbul To Be (a fi)
Afirmativ Intergativ Negativ
I Am = Eu sunt Am I ? I Am not
You Are = Tu esti Are You ? You Are not
He Is = El este
She Is = Ea este
It Is = El/Ea Este
Is He ?
Is She ?
Is It ?
He Is not She Is not
It Is not
We Are = oi suntem Are We ? We Are not
You Are = Voi sunteti Are You ? You Are not
The! are = Ei sunt Are The! ? The! are not
@er"ul #o 8ave 6a avea7
Afirmativ Intergativ Negativ
, have E /u am Do , have: , do not have
You have E #u ai Do you have: You do not have
8e has E /l are
)he has E /a are
,t has E /l*/a are
Does he have:
Does she have:
Does it have:
8e does not have
)he does not have
,t does not have
9e have E oi avem Do we have: 9e do not have
You have E @oi aveti Do you have: You do not have
#hey have E /i au Do they have: #hey do not have
@er"ul #o Do 6a !ace7
Afirmativ Intergativ Negativ
, do E eu !ac Do ,: , do not
You do E tu !aci Do you: You do not
8e does E el !ace
)he does E ea !ace
,t does E el*ea !ace
Does he:
Does she:
Does it:
8e does not
)he does not
,t does not
You do E voi !aceFi Do you: You do not
9e do E noi !acem Do we: 9e do not
#hey do E ei !ac Do they: #hey do not
/1erciFiul 1 (legeFi !orma corectG'
! I %onder ho% many children ......... going on the school field trip this month!
.a/ are b/ has .c/ is
5! <very morning, I go to %or& ......... car!
.a/ for .b/ by .c/ in
I! @o you li&e sushiG >o, I .........!
.a/ don0t li&e .b/ don0t .c/ are not
6! 3as anyone seen AauraG ......... to %or& todayG
.a/ Is she coming .b/ @oes she come .c/ -he come
5! I hope you0re having a good time! ......... li&e some more teaG
.a/ @o you .b/ Eill you .c/ Eould you
K! Aet0s hang out later tonight! ......... %ant to come over after %or&G
.a/ Hou %ill .b/ @o you .c/ @oes you
7! I %as out %hen you called! I %ent to the store ......... buy some mil&!
.a/ for .b/ to .c/ order to
W! I haven0t tal&ed to >icole recently! Ehen ......... you tal& to her lastG
.a/ does .b/ %as .c/ did
O! Ee ......... a %onderful time! Than&s for inviting us over for dinner!
.a/ had .b/ have .c/ has
2! The forecast isn0t good for tomorro%! It0s ......... to rain so don0t forget to bring your umbrella!
.a/ having .b/ going .c/ seems
<8erci[iul 5 "lege[i forma corect\*
! I li&e to visit other countries but I find the ......... of travel is too high!
.a/ money .b/ cost .c/ e8penses .d/ currency
5! -he is very happy because she starts her ne% ......... today!
.a/ job .b/ %or& .c/ labour .d/ post
I! =ne day I hope I shall ......... the lottery!
.a/ gain .b/ collect .c/ reach .d/ %in
6! 3e must have a lot of money because this summer he is going on a cruise ......... the %orld!
.a/ about .b/ around .c/ across .d/ through
5! 3ave you read that boo& ......... the life of Fan :oghG
.a/ about .b/ of .c/ over .d/ in
K! @o you %ant ......... sugar in your coffeeG
.a/ some .b/ much .c/ any .d/ little
7! They do not ......... che;ues in that restaurant!
.a/ accept .b/ agree .c/ allo% .d/ admit
W! I cannot %or& today because I have very bad tooth.........!
.a/ pain .b/ hurt .c/ damage .d/ ache
O! Children are not ......... in that public house!
.a/ aloud .b/ allo%ed .c/ accepted .d/ agreed
2! Hou can see the ......... about the sale in the local paper!
.a/ announcement .b/ %arning .c/ notice .d/ advertisement
THE ARTCLE
"rticolul hot\rZt .The @efinite "rticle/ T3<
"rticolele ]n limba englez\ sunt invariabile! "ceasta ]nseamn\ c\ nu se schimb\ ]n
concordan[\ cu genul sau cu num\rul substantivului la care se refer\!
<8emple* the boy, the %oman, the children
0The0 se folose^te*
! pentru ca ar\ta c\ ceva deja s-a men[ionat!
<8ample* "n elephant and a mouse fell in love!
The mouse loved the elephant0s long trun&,
and the elephant loved the mouse0s tiny nose!
5! cZnd ^i vorbitorul ^i ascult\torul ^tiu despre ce se vorbe^te, chiar dac\ nu s-a men[ionat
mai devreme!
<8ample* 0Ehere0s the bathroomG0
0It0s on the first floor!0
I! ]n propozi[ii sau p\r[i de propozi[ii unde definim sau identific\m un obiect sau o
persoan\ ]n mod specific!
<8amples* The man %ho %rote this boo& is famous!
0Ehich car did you scratchG0 0The red one!
$y house is the one %ith a blue door!0
6! pentru a ne referi la obiecte pe care le consider\m unice!
<8amples* the sun, the moon, the %orld
5! ]naintea superlativelor ^i a numeralelor ordinale!
<8amples* the highest building, the first page, the last chapter!
K! cu adjective pentru a ne referi la un grup ]ntreg de oameni*
<8amples* the Mapanese, the old
7! cu nume de p\r[i geografice ^i oceane*
<8amples* the Caribbean, the -ahara, the "tlantic
W! pentru decenii sau grupuri de ani*
<8ample* she gre% up in the seventies
"rticolul nehot\rZt .Indefinite "rticle/ " / ">
'olosim 0a' cu substantive care ]ncep cu consoan\ !
'an' cu substantive care ]ncep cu vocal\ .a,e,i,o,u/
<8amples*
" boy
"n apple
" car
"n orange
" house
"n opera
>=T_*
"n ]naintea lui h mut - an hour, an honour!
" ]naintea lui u ^i eu cZnd sunt citite ca 'you': a european, a university, a unit
A($icol,l neho$J(K$ se +oloseL$e3
pen$(, a ne (e+e(i la ce)a pen$(, p(ima 'a$J3
&n elep'ant and a mouse fell in love!
Eould you li&e a drin(G
I0ve finally got a good )ob!
pen$(, a ne (e+e(i la ,n memb(, ca(e +ace pa($e 'in$(*o clasJ speci+icJ
<8amples*
o pen$(, n,me 'e sl,;be3
Mohn is a do"tor!
$ary is training to be an engineer!
3e %ants to be a dan"er!
o pen$(, naMionali$JMi Li (eligii 3
Mohn is an Englis'man!
Nate is a Cat'oli"!
o pen$(, ins$(,men$e m,sicale3
-herloc& 3olmes %as playing a violin %hen the visitor arrived!
o pentru nume de zile*
I %as born on a Thursay
pen$(, a ne (e+e(i la ,n an,me +el 'e sa, ,n e2empl, 'e ce)a an,me3 the mouse
had a tin* nose
the elephant had a long trun(
it %as a ver* strange "ar
pen$(, s,bs$an$i)e la +o(mJ 'e sing,la( ',pJ c,)in$ele +,'at+ Li +su"'+3
Ehat a s'ameL
-he0s such a beauti$ul girl!
pen$(, a ne (e+e(i la ,n l,c(,& obiec$ sa, pe(oanJ3
I0d li&e an orange and t%o lemons please!
The burglar too& a diamond ne"(la"e and a valuable painting!
@e observat c\ de obicei spunem a hunre& a thousan& a million!
ENCE<O P" 9TLIAREA ARTCOL9L9 "EHOTQRRT
CZnd nu este articol*
pentru nume de [\ri .dac\ este la singular/
-erman* is an important economic po%er!
3e0s just returned from .imbab,e!
.B,$3 I0m visiting t'e United States ne8t %ee&!/
pentru nume de limbi*
#ren"' is spo&en in Tahiti!
Englis' uses many %ords of /atin origin!
0ndonesian is a relatively ne% language!
pentru nume de mese*
/un"' is at midday!
Dinner is in the evening!
1rea($ast is the first meal of the day!
pentru numele unor persoane .dac\ este la singular/*
2o'n0s coming to the party!
-eorge 3ing is my uncle!
.B,$3 %e0re having lunch %ith t'e 4organs tomorro%!/
pentru titluri ^i nume*
Prin"e C'arles is 5ueen Elizabet'+s son!
President 3enned* %as assassinated in @allas!
Dr. 6atson %as -herloc& 3olmes0 friend!
.B,$3 t'e 5ueen o$ England7 t'e Pope!/
dup\ cazuri de posesiv cu Es*
3is brother0s "ar!
?eter0s 'ouse!
pentru a numi profesii*
Engineering is a useful career!
3e0ll probably go into medi"ine!
pentru nume de magazine*
I0ll get the card at Smit'+s!
Can you go to 1oots for meG
pentru ani*
89!! %as a %onderful year!
@o you remember 899:G
pentru substantive nenum\rabile*
Ri"e is the main food in "sia!
4il( is often added to tea in <ngland!
6ar is destructive!
pentru nume individuale de mun[i, lacuri ^i insule*
4ount 4"3inle* is the highest mountain in "las&a!
-he lives near /a(e 6indermere!
3ave you visited /ong 0slandG
pentru nume de ora^e, str\zi, sta[ii ^i aeroporturi* ;i"toria
Station is in the centre of Aondon!
Can you direct me to )ond -treetG
-he lives in 'lorence!
They0re flying from 3eathro%!
]n anumite e8presii fi8e! @e e8emplu*
by car at school
by train at %or&
by air at 1niversity
on foot in church
on holiday in prison
on air "in #roacasting$ in bed
<,$ A.An o( no a($icle3
` There %ere many dogs in the par&! =ne dog %as aaa @almatian!
` ?andas and aaa tigers are both endangered animals!
` -he is %earing aaa blue dress %ith red earrings
` 3a%aii is aaa island in the ?acific =cean!
` Christmas comes once aaa year!
` aaa ant is aa insect!
` The >ile is aaa river!
` I %ent to the shop to get aaa bread!
` 3e bro&e aaa glass %hen he %as %ashing dishes!
` Hou should ta&e aaa umbrella!
<8ercise 7 @ecide dac\ trebie s\ folose^ti articolul hot\rZt bthec sau nu! @ac\ nu ai
nevoie de articolul bthec, folose^te un 2!
/ AistenL @ennis is playing SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSStrumpet!
5/ "le8 goes to %or& by SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS bus!
I/ Ee often see our cousins over SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS <aster!
6/ @on0t be late for SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS school!
5/ -he has never been to SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS "lps before!
K/ I al%ays listen to SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS radio in the morning!
7/ $y grandmother li&es SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS flo%ers very much!
W/ -ee you on SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSEednesday!
O/ Ehat about going to "ustralia in SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 'ebruaryG
2/ I loveSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS flo%ers in your garden!
<8ercise O 'olosi[i a sau an!
/ -he has SSSSSSSSS e8ercise boo& in her school bag!
5/ Aucy li&es SSSSSSSSSdog!
I/ <mily needs SSSSSSSSS ne% des& in her room!
6/ The finished SSSSSSSSSunit!
5/ Ee listen to SSSSSSSSS <nglish C@!
K/ ?eter has SSSSSSSSS aunt in )erlin!
7/ )en has SSSSSSSSSold bi&e!
W/ The speed of this car %as K2 miles SSSSSSSSS hour!
O/ I need SSSSSSSSSblue pen!
2/ Aet0s sing SSSSSSSSSsong!
H7 #his is ::::::::: e1pensive "i0e-
B7 #heyIve got ::::::::: idea-
1A7 Joo0K #hereIs :::::::::"ird !lying-
"9MQR9L !9B!TA"T#ELOR
dn general, pluralul se formeaz\ prin ad\ugarea unui Ts la singular*
+o(5 e furculi[\ +o(5s
spoon e lingur\ spoons
1rm\toarele e8cep[ii se e8plic\ prin regulile ortografice*
! CZnd substantivul se termin\ ]n Ts& *ss& *2& *ch& *sh& *sz pluralul se formeaz\ prin ad\ugarea
termina[iei es*
b,s T b,ses e autobuz V pl!
glass T glasses e pahar V pl!
class T classes e clas\ V pl!
bo2 T bo2es ecutie V pl!
inch T inches e uncie V pl!
ch,(ch T ch,(ches ebiseric\ V pl!
b,sh T b,shes etufi^ V pl!
dn substantivele ]n care ch se pronun[\ 5, pluralul urmeaz\ regula general\*
mona(ch T mona(chs e monarh V pl!
epoch T epochs e epoc\ V pl!
5! -ubstantivele terminate ]n o precedat de consoan\ formeaz\ ]n general pluralul ]n Tes .
po$a$o T po$a$oes e cartof V pl!
$oma$o T $oma$oes e tomat\ V pl!
ca(go T ca(goes e ]nc\rc\tur\ V pl!
+(esco T +(escoes e fresc\ V pl!
he(o T he(oes e erou V pl!
<8cep[ie fac cuvintele nou provenite din alte limbi*
can$o T can$os e canto V pl!
solo T solos e solo V pl!
casino T casinos e cazinou V pl!
piano T pianos e pian V pl!
mos=,i$o T mos=,i$os sau mos=,i$oes e [Zn[ar V pl!
$obacco 4 $obaccos sau $obaccoes etutun V pl!
I! -ubstantivele terminate ]n % precedate de consoan\ fac pluralul ]n Ties.
+amil% T +amilies e familie V pl!
ci$% T ci$ies e ora^ V pl!
co,n$(% T co,n$(ies e [ar\ V pl!
,ni)e(si$% T ,ni)e(si$ies e universitate V pl!
CZnd % este precedat de vocal\, pluralul este regulat*
bo% T bo%s
'a% T 'a%s
6! 1nele substantive terminate ]n + sau +e formeaz\ pluralul ]n )es3
lea+ T lea)es e frunz\ V pl!
shea+ T shea)es e snop V pl!
sel+ T sel)es e individualitate, eu V pl!
loa+ T loa)es e pZine integral\ V pl!
hoo+ T hoo)es sau hoo+s e copit\ V pl!
cal+ T cal)es e vi[el V pl!
shel+ T shel)es e raft V pl!
4ol+ T 4ol)es e lup V pl!
el+ T el)es e zZn\ V pl!
hal+ T hal)es e jum\tate V pl!
5ni+e T 5ni)es ecu[it V pl!
li+e T li)es evia[\ V pl!
4i+e T 4i)es e so[ie V pl!
@ar majoritatea substantivelor ]n + sau +e au pluralul regulat*
p(oo+ T p(oo+s e prob\ V pl!
(oo+* (oo+s e acoperi^ V pl!
sa+e T sa+es e garan[ie V pl!
han'5e(chie+ T han'5e(chie+s e batist\ V pl!
chie+ T chi+s e ^ef V pl!
5! 1rm\toarele substantive ]^i schimb\ forma la plural
chil' T chil'(en e copil V pl!
man T men e b\rbat V pl!
$oo$h T $ee$h e dinte V pl!
+oo$ T +ee$ e picior V pl!
goose T geese e gZsc\ V pl!
mo,se T mice e ^oarece V pl!
lo,se T lice e p\duche V pl!
o2 T o2en e bou V pl!
K! 1nele substantive sunt invariabile*
a')ice e sfat
b,siness e afacere
+,(ni$,(e e mobil\
income e venit
5no4le'ge e cunoa^tere
l,ggage e bagaj
p(og(ess e progress
in+o(ma$ion e informa[ii
4eal$h e bog\[ie
sheep e oaie
'ee( e c\prioar\
+ish e pe^te
hai( e p\r
1nele dintre substantivele men[ionate mai sus au ]n[eles colectiv ^i pt a putea reda idea unui singur
element, se ]nso[esc de un cuvZnt ajut\tor!
<8! a piece o+ +,(ni$,(e
7! 1nele substantive au ]ns\ numai form\ de plural*
clo$hes e haine
p%;amas e pijamale
scisso(s e foarfece
$(o,se(s e pantaloon
$han5s e mul[umiri
$i'ings e nout\[i, ^tiri
spec$acles U ochelari
ma$hema$ics e matematici
ling,is$ics e lingvistic\
ne4s e veste, ^tire
means e mijloc
-ubstantivele ne4s ^i means se folosesc ca sens de singular!
This ne%s is true! e Festea aceasta este adev\rat\!
)y $his means e ]n felul acesta, prin acest mijloc
$ai e8ist\ unele substantive cu semne de plural, dar form\ de singular*
there %ere many cattle on the hill e erau multe vite pe deal
many &eo&le like s%imming e multor oameni le place ]notul
his orchar %as full of &oultry e curtea ]i era plin\ de p\s\ri
CZnd substantivul people se folose^te cu ]n[eles de popor, atunci la plural devine T peoples.
&ll t'e peoples $ig't $or pea"e. e Toate popoatele lupt\ pentru pace!
W! >umele de popoare formeaz\ pluralul ad\ugZnd termina[ia s& dar cele terminate ]n s& sh& ch& ss sau
ese r\mZn invariabile la plural ^i ^i se compun dintr-un adjective ^i substantivul men respectiv
4oman& pluralul marcZndu-se numai la substantive men& 4omen.
$alian6s7 e italian
Ame(ican6s7 e american
Fe(man6s7 e german
!panish e spaniol
<o($,g,ese e portughez
!4iss e elve[ian
Englishman& Englishmen .pl/
F(enchman& F(enchmen .pl/
Toate substantivele ^i adjectivele indicZnd nume de popoare se scriu ]n limba englez\ cu majuscule!
<8! ,omanian spea& ,omanian!
ENERC!E!
I! 'ill in the correct form of the plural!
<8ample* school - aaaaaa
"ns%er* school 4 schools
! half -
5! &ilo -
I! %oman -
6! foot -
5! mouth -
K! sheep -
7! penny -
W! bus -
O! day -
2! fish 4
III! 'ill in the correct form of the plural!
<8ample* school - aaaaaa
"ns%er* school 4 schools
! tomato -
5! tooth -
I! aircraft -
6! chorus -
5! mouse -
K! crisis -
7! passer-by -
W! radius -
O! gro%n-up -
IF! 'ill in the correct plural forms of the given %ords into the gaps!
!ing,la(<l,(al-hop$outhCrossComputer,oofTa8-heepAight'ish?otato?rize-%issNilo)o8@ish
F! 'ill in the follo%ing %ords in order to form to useful phrases*
advice, chocolate, jam, lemonade, meat, mil&, oil, rice, tea, tennis
<8ample* a cube of aaaaa
"ns%er* a cube of sugar
! a piece of
5! a pac&et of
I! a bar of
6! a glass of
5! a cup of
K! a bottle of
7! a slice of
W! a barrel of
O! a game of
2! a jar of
AD8ECT#9L V COM<ARAOA AD8ECT#9L9
! "djectivul este invariabil ]n gen ^i num\r*
a goo' ac$o( U un actor bun
a goo' ac$(ess U o actri[\ bun\
a goo' boo5 U o carte bun\
a goo' $eache( U un professor bun
goo' s$,'en$s U studen[i buni
goo' habi$s U obiceiuri bune
5! Aocul adjectivului este ]n genere ]naintea substantivului, a^a cum se vede din e8emplele paragrafului
precedent!
<8cep[ii*
a/ 1nele adjective calificative ]ns\ se pot a^eza dup\ substantivul pe care-l determin\, acesta
pentru a sublinia mai mult calitatea respectiv\*
<eople a((i)e' +o( $he occasion +(om $he ci$ies +a( an' nea(. U ?entru aceast\ ocazie oamneii
au venit din toate ora^ele cele apropiate ^i cele de departe!
b/ "djectivul urmat de un complement sau prepozi[ie ]n strZns\ leg\tur\ cu el, se plaseaz\ dup\
substantive*
A hall +,ll o+ people U o sal\ plin\ de lume
$ is a ma$$e( $oo ,(gen$ $o be p,$ o++ an% longe( U este o chestiune prea urgent\ pentru a fi
am]nat\
c/ dn e8presiile pereche de obicei de origine latin\, adjectivul este precedat de substantiv
a 5nigh$ e((an$ U un cavaler r\t\citor
$he Fo)e(no( Fene(al U guvernatorul general
a Co,($ Ma($ial U un tribunal militar
Asia Mino( U "sia $ic\
a lion co,chan$ U un leu culcat
alone singur, este precedat de un substantiv*
His silence alone is s,++icien$ p(oo+ U t\cerea lui ]ns\^i este acuzatoare
The 4hole +amil% li)e' on his sala(% alone U toat\ familia tr\ia numai din salariul lui
+o( $his 4ee5 alone U numai pentru aceast\ s\pt\mZn\
dn apozi[iile nume istorice aadjectivul este precedat de substantive*
Hen(% $he Thi(' U3enric al III-lea
Billiam $he Con=,e(o( U Eilliam Cuceritorul
Michael $he B(a)e U $ihal Fiteazul
I! "djectivul mai poate face parte din predicat, pentru a completa ]n[elesul unui verb cauzativ ^i arat\
rezultatul ac[iunii verbului*
All men a(e mo($al. U to[i oamenii sunt muritori
!he became )e(% (ich U ea s-a ]mbog\[it tare
Lea)e $he page blan5 U las\ foaia alb\
Compara[i*
!4ee$ is pleas,(e a+$e( pain. U dulce este pl\cerea dup\ durere
6! "djectivul nu poate s\ joace rol de substantive la singular decZt referindu-se la o clas\ citat\ ]n
prealabil ^i rolul de a determina noi e8emple! dn acest caz este urmat de un substantive sau de pronume,
de obicei one "pl! ones$:
m% $4o '(esses& $he (e' 6one7 an' $he bl,e 6one7 U rochiile mele cea ro^ie ^i cea albastr\
$4o bo2es o+ ma$ches& one la(ge an' one small U dou\ cutii de chibrituri una mare ^i una mic\
a nice pe(son U o persoan\ pl\cut\
$he poo( li$$le chil' U bietul copila^
?entru ]n[elesul de plural se poate suprima substantivul sau pronumele dar adjectivul ste precedat de
articolul hot\rZt*
$he (ich U boga[ii
$he poo( U s\racii
$he %o,ng U tinerii
$he ol' U b\trZnii
@e re[inut folosirea adjectivelor opuse ]n e8presie f\r\ articol!
<8emplu* ol' an' %o,ng U cu to[ii tineri ^i b\trZni
?entru a indica la plural un grup de indivizi ]n mod special este necesar s\ se adaoge adjectivul pe care-l
determin\, ca ^i la plural*
$he imp,'en$ +ello4s ;,s$ la,ghe' U insolen[ii tocmai rZdeau
5! @in e8emplele precedente, am v\zut c\ adjectivele invariabile la plural chiar cZnd se folosesc de
substantive, totu[i unele adjective s-au transformat ]n substantive pure care primesc desinen[a pluralului*
<8emple*
$he ancien$s U anticii
$he mo'e(ns U modernii
%o,( be$$e(s U superiorii t\i
s4ee$s U dulciuri
bi$$e(s U b\uturi amare
)al,ables U obiecte de valoare
K! "djectivul nehot\rZt some folosit la afirmativ se transform\ ]n an% la interogativ ^i no la negative*
The(e a(e some +lo4e(s on $he piano U pe pian se afl\ ni^te flori
s $he(e an%$hing s$(ange abo,$ $ha$C U este ceva ciudat ]n astaG
I $:s no$hing se(io,s. U nu este nimic serios
FRADELE DE COM<ARAOE
! "djectivele formate din mai mult de dou\ silabe ^i majoritatea celor dou\ din dou\ silabe, formeaz\
com&arativul 'i su&erlativul ]n mod analog limbii romZne, mai fiind mo(e ^i cel mai $he mos$.
<8emple*
bea,$i+,l& frumos, mo(e bea,$i+,l& mai frumos, $he mos$ bea,$i+,l& cel mai frumos
b(illian$& mo(e b(illian$& $he mos$ b(illian$ U scZnteietor
pop,la(& mo(e pop,la(& $he mos$ pop,la( U popular
in$e(es$ing& mo(e in$e(es$ing& $he mos$ in$e(es$ing U interesant
ca(e+,l& mo(e ca(e+,l& $he mos$ ca(e+,l U atent
'ange(o,s& mo(e 'ange(o,s& $he mos$ 'ange(o,s U periculos
Toate adjectivele terminate ]n +,l .prescurtare din +,ll T plin/ formeaz\ gradele de compara[ie numai ]n
acest fel!
5! "dverbele mo(e ^i mos$ ajut\ la formarea gradelor de compara[ie ^i a unor adjective scurte*
<8emplu*
mo(e '(%
dn general ]ns\, adjectivele scurte formeaz\ comparativul ad\ugZnd sufi8ul e( ^i superlativul ad\ugZnd
sufi8ul es$& [inZndu-se seama de regulile de ortografie!
<8emple*
long * longe( T longes$ Ulung
sho($ T sho($e(* $he sho($es$ U scurt
col' T col'e( T $he col'es$ U rece
la(ge T la(ge( T $he la(ges$ U mare
happ% T happie( T $he happies$ U fericit
lo)el% T lo)elie( T lo)elies$ U dr\gu[
cle)e( T cle)e(e( T $he cle)e(es$ U de^tept
na((o4 T na((o4e( * *$he na((o4es$ U ]ngust
@e observat c\ atunci cZnd este vorba de o compara[ie ]ntre dou\ atribute referitoare la aceia^i persoan\
sau lucru, de obicei se folose^te construc[ia cu mo(e.
<8emplu*
He is mo(e sl% $han cle)e(. U <l este mai ^iret decZt de^tept!
I! 1nele adjective formeaz\ comparativul ^i superlativul ]n mod neregulat*
goo'& bun T be$$e(& mai bun T $he bes$& cel mai bun
ba'& r\u T 4o(se, mai r\u T $he 4o(s$& cel mai r\u
la$e& tZrziu T la$e(& mai tZrziu T $he la$es$& ultimul, cel mai recent
la$$e( U al doilea, - $he las$ U ultimul, cel mai recent
m,ch& mult T mo(e& mai mult T $he mos$& cel mai mult
man% U mul[i
ol'& vechi T ol'e(& mai vechi* $he ol'es$& cel mai vechi, b\trZn
4 el'e(& mai ]n vZrst\, $he el'es$& cel mai ]n vZrst\
<8emple pentru formele derivate ale lui la$e3
las$ 4ee5 U s\pt\mZna trecut\
La$e( e)en$s p(o)e' $ha$ he 4as (igh$. U evenimentele care au urmat au ar\tat c\ avea dreptate!
The a,$ho( sa%s $ha his la$es$ boo5 4ill be his las$. Uautorul spune c\ ultima carte .cea mai recent\/ pe
care a publicat-o va fi ultima .nu va mai continua s\ scrie/
The la'ies $al5e' abo,$ $he la$es$ +ashion. Udoamnele vorbesc despre moda zilei
The la$$e( hal+ o+ 8,ne. U partea a doua a lunii iunie
The o(ganis$ an' $he se2$en 4e(e bo$h ol' men. U organistul ^i paraclisierul erau amZndoi b\trZni
El'e( ^i el'es$ se folosesc numai pentru personae, ]n mod special pentru membrii
aceleia^i familii!
El'e( este precedat de articol sau adjective posesive ori demonstrative! >u este niciodat\ urmat de $han.
?entru personae putem folosi ^i ol'e( .comparativ/, ol'es$ 6superlativ7.
<8emple*
The $h(ee el'e( chil'(en. U Cei trei copii mai mari
Bho is el'e( 8ohn o( Ma(%C U Cine este mai mare, Mohn sau $aryG
8ohn is $he el'e(. U Mohn este mai mare!
8ohn is el'e( $han Ma(%. U Mohn este mai mare decZt $aria!
?a$e is $he el'es$ o+ $he +amil%. U Nate este cea mai b\trZn\ din familie!
This 4oman is $he el'es$ in $he )illage. U "ceast\ femeie este cea mai b\trZn\ din sat!
6! @up\ comparativ, al doilea termen este introdus de $han3
H,gh is $alle( $han Richa('. e 3ugh este mai ]nalt decZt ,ichard!
He has mo(e $han $4en$% ho(ses! e <l are mai mult de dou\zeci de cai!
@up\ superlativ, al doilea termen este introdus de o+ ^i cZteodat\ de in.
<8emple*
8ac5 is $he $alles$ o+ $he bo%s. e Mac& este cel mai ]nalt dintre b\ie[i!
He is ce($ainl% $he bes$ o+ $he $eache(s. e <l este cu siguran[\ cel mai bun dintre profesori!
@",
!he is $he bes$ pianis$ in $he 'is$(ic$. e <a este cea mai bun\ pianist\ din [inut!
Ma(% is $he %o,nges$ in $he +amil%. e $ary este cea mai tZn\r\ din familie!
<RO"9MELE
?ronumele este partea de vorbire care ]nlocuie^te un substantiv .o fiin[\, un obiect, etc!/
Clasificare
?ersonale .$he <e(sonal <(ono,ns/
Interogative .$he n$e(oga$i)e <(ono,ns/
,elative .$he Rela$i)e <(ono,ns/
?osesive .$he <ossesi)e <(ono,ns/
@emonstrative .$he Demons$(a$i)e <(ono,ns/
Impersonale .$he mpe(sonal.Fene(al <(ono,ns/
,efle8ive .$he Re+le2i)e <(ono,ns/
<mfatice .$he Empha$ic <(ono,ns/
>ehot\rZte .$he n'e+ini$e <(ono,ns/
,eciproce .$he Recip(ocal <(ono,ns/
T'e Personal Pronouns
I e eu %e e noi
you e tu you e voi, dumneavoastr\
he e el, dZnsul, dumnealui they e ei, ele, dZn^ii, dZnsele, dumnealor
she e ea, dZnsa, dumneaiei
it e el, ea .impersonal/
T'e 0nterrogative Pronouns
%ho e cine Eho &no%s himG e Cine ]l cunoa^te pe elG
%hose e al, a, ai, ale cuiG Ehose is this little boyG e "l cui este acest b\ie[elG
to %hom / %ho.m/!!!to e cuiG, la cineG To %hom do you give this boo&G e Cui ]i dai aceast\ carteG
To %hom are you referringG e Aa cine te referiG
To %hom does the boo& belongG e Cui ]i apar[ine carteaG
.to/ me e mie .to/ us e nou\
.to/ you e [ie .to/ you e vou\
.to/ him elui .to/ them e lor, dZnselor, dZn^ilor
.to/ her e ei
.to/ it e lui/ei
for %hom / %ho.m/Ufor e pentru cineG 'or %hom must you buy the boo&G/ Ehom must you buy
the boo& forG e ?entru cine trebuie s\ cumperi carteaG
behind %hom / %ho.m/U!behindG e ]n spatele cui 3e %as sitting behind me! e <l st\tea ]n spatele meu!
)ehind %hom %as he sittingG e dn spatele cui st\tea
elG
beside %hom / %ho.m/Ubeside e al\turi de cineG 3e %as sitting beside me! e <l st\tea al\turi de mine!
bet%een %hom / %ho.m/Ubet%een e ]ntre cineG )et%een Mohn and >ic&! e dntre Mohn ^i >ic&
by me e de mine by us e de noi
by you e de tine by you e de voi
by him/her/it e de el/ea by them e de ei
T'e Relative Pronouns
%ho e cine, care 3e does not &no% %ho must come to see us! e <l nu ^tie cine
trebuie s\ vin\ pe la noi!
%hose e al/a/ai/ale cui Ee are playing %ith Mohn#s ball but %e don#t &no% %hose they are playing
%ith! e noi ne juc\m cu mingea lui Mohn dar nu ^tim cu a cui se joac\ ei!
to %hom e cui I don#t &no% %ho.m/ I shall give this boo& to! e >u ^tiu cui s\-i dau cartea
aceasta!
%hom e pe cine, pe care I &no% %hom you appreciate very much! e <u ^tiu pe cine apreciezi tu
foarte mult
%hich e care, pe care -he has many boo&s, but she doesn#t &no% %hich she must read for the
e8amination e <a are multe c\r[i, dar nu ^tie pe care s\ o citeasc\ pentru e8amen!
T'e Possessive Pronouns
mine e al/a/ai/ale mele ours e al/a/ai/ale noastre
yours e al/a/ai/ale tale yours e al/a/ai/ale tale
his e al/a/ai/ale lui theirs e al/a/ai/ale lor
hers e al/a/ai/ale ei
T'e Demonstrative Pronouns
this e acesta, aceasta
that e acela, aceea
these e ace^tia, acestea
those e aceia, acelea
T'e 0mpersonal Pronouns
one, you
=ne could %or& there! e --ar putea lucra acolo!
Hou should al%ays be careful %hen crossing the road! e -\ fii ]ntodeauna atent la traversarea
drumului!
=ne can learn a lot of things here! e -e pot ]nv\[a o mul[ime lucruri aici!
Hou should al%ays behave decently! e Trebuie s\ te por[i ]ntodeauna decent!
T'e Re$le<ive Pronouns
myself e m\ ourselves e ne
yourself e te yourselves e v\
himself e se themselves e se
herself e se oneself e se
itself e se
Cu ajutorul lor se formeaz\ diateza refle8iv\ a verbelor!
to enjoy oneself e a se distra I enjoy myself e <u m\ distrez!
T'e Emp'ati" Pronouns
myself e eu ]nsumi, personal, chiar eu ourselves e noi ]n^ine, ]nsene, chiar noi
yourself e tu ]nsu[i, personal, chiar tu yourselves e voi ]n^iv\, ]nsev\, chiar voi
himself e el ]nsu^i, personal, chiar el themselves e ei ]n^i^i, ele ]nsele, chiar ei/ele
herself e ea ]ns\^i, personal, chiar ea
itself e el ]nsu^i, ea ]ns\^i, personal, chiar ea, el
I must do it myself! e Trebuie s\-o fac eu ]nsumi!
T'e 0nde$inite Pronouns
another e alt, alt\ =ne man says yes, another says no!
each efiecare Ee received t%o boo&s each!
the other e cel\lalt Mohn li&es this boo& but i li&e the other!
others e al[ii, altele =thers &no% better than you!
the others e ceilal[i, clelalte The others did not come by bus!
one e unul, una un, o, se Hou do not have any boo& bu I have one!
all etot, toat\, to[i, toate, totul 3e must tell you all or nothing!
either e oricare din doi Hou may buy either!
neither e nici unul/una I can see neither!
both e ambii, ambele Hou may readeither of them, both are interesting!
several e mai mul[i/multe, cZteva, cZ[iva Hou can see many boo&s on the table, but several are mine!
fe% e pu[ini, pu[ine I only found fe%!
a fe% e pu[ini/destui I have found a fe%!
;uite a fe% efoarte mul[i I have found ;uite a fe%!
little e pu[in, mic I have done little for them!
a little e pu[in/destul/ceva Hou have little tea but I have a little!
much e mult, mult\ Hou have got little tea but I have got much!
many e mul[i, multe Hou have only got fe% boo&s but I#ve got many!
some e ni^te, unii, unele, pu[in, cZteva -ome are dood and some are bad!
any e orice, fiece, oricare, nici unul 3e doesn#t li&e any!
somebody e cineva I can see somebody at the gate!
anybody e oricine, cineva, nimeni I can as& anybody! @o you see somethingG I cannot as&
anybody!
nobody enimeni I see nobody!
something e ceva I see something!
anything e orice I buy anything!
nothing e nimic I bought nothing!
someone e careva, cineva Hou must as& someone!
anyone e oricare Hou may as& anyone!
no one e nobody e none e niciunul Hou can as& no one!
everybody e to[i, toat\ lumea, fiecareI sa% everybody!
everything e totul, tot 3e can understand everything!
somebody else e altcineva I see somebody else!
anybody else e oricine altcineva :ive it to anybody else!
nobody else e nimeni altcineva >obody else can do it!
something else e altceva Ee must buy something else!
nothing else e nimic altceva I sa% nothing else!
Re"ipro"al Pronouns
each other e unul pe cel\lalt The t%o neighbours help each other!
one another e unul pe cel\lalt .minimum trei persoane/ The three brothers help one another!
<S<,CIfII
! "lege[i r\spunsul corect*
! They / them helped %e / us cut the grass!
5! I / me sa% you / your %aiting for the bus this morning!
I! It / he is the first day of summer!
6! -he / her decided to go %ith they / them!
5! Ehy are you / he interested in she / herG
K! Ee / us spo&e to he / him yesterday!
5! "lege[i un cuvZnt compus din lista de mai jos ^i completa[i spa[iile7 unele cuvinte pot fi folosite de mai
multe ori!
some#oy someone something
any#oy anyone anything
no#oy no one nothing
! I#m thirstyL Is there UUUUUUU to drin&G
5! The boss has UUUUUUU important to tell you! Hou must call him right a%ay!
I! The doctor says there is UUUUUUU %rong %ith Tom! 3e#s perfectly healthy!
6! The door bell is ringing! There#s UUUUUUU at the door!
5! UUUUUUU e8citing ever happens to meL
K! =ld $rs! 3e%lis is very lonely! UUUUUUU ever visits her!
7! @idn#t UUUUUUU %rite to than& youG
W! There#s UUUUUUU in the safe! It#s ;uite emptyL
O! There is UUUUUUU %aiting at the moment! The %aiting room is empty!
2! -hall I ma&e them UUUUUUU for dinnerG They haven#t had UUUUUUU to eat since
last night!
6! "^eza[i cuvintele ]n ordinea corecta!
! is %riting/she/him/a love letter
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
5! enjoyed/I/them/telling/about it
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
I! is interesting/it/to listen/to him
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
6! you/can#t/to him/it/giveG
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
5! li&es/he/her/calling
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
K! you/don#t/fi8/%hy/for us/itG
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
7! it/cleaned/%e/for him
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
W! %ill repair/they/it/for us
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
O! sent/%e/to them/it
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
2! please/it/give/to him
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU!
5! 'olosi[i pronumele personale he, she, it, they in spa[iile libere!
! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa is my father!
5! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaais a husband!
I! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaais a cat!
6! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaais a piano!
5! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaare girls!
K! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaais the ;ueen!
7! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaare my parents!
K! Completa[i spa[iile libere transformZnd pronumele din paranteze la forma lor corect\!
! This ia a piece of ca&e for aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.she/
5! I bought these flo%ers for aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.they/
I! $other as&ed aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa%here I %as going! .I/
6! :ive that to aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.he/
9
AD8ECT#9L ! <RO"9MELE DEMO"!TRAT#
! "djectivele ^i pronumele demonstrative sunt* $his 4 acest, aceasta, $hese 4 aceste, ace^ti, $ha$ T acel,
aceea, $hose T acei, acele!
(ronumele emonstrative ")emonstrative &ronouns$ sunt:
$his U acesta, aceasta
Tha$ boo5 is %o,(s an' $his 6one7 is mine U Cartea aceasta este a ta, iar acesta este a mea!
$ha$ U acela, acela
This boo5 is mine an' $ha$ 6one7 is %o,(s. U Cartea aceaste este a mea, iar aceea este a ta!
$hese U ace^tia, acestea
Those boo5s a(e mine an' $hese 6ones7 a(e %o,(s. U C\r[ile acelea sunt ale mele, iar acestea
sunt ale tale!
Those pla%e(s a(e goo' b,$ $hese 6ones7 a(e be$$e( U Muc\torii aceia sunt bini, dar ace^tia sunt
mai buni!
$hose U aceia, acela
These pla%e(s a(e )e(% goo' b,$ $hose 6ones7 a(en:$. U Muc\torii ace^tia sunt foarte buni, dar
aceia nu sunt!
T'is 'i t'ese inic* a&or&iere a o#iectului +n tim& 'i s&a,iu fa,* e &ersoana care vor#e'te!
$his boo5 4 aceast\ carte $hese boo5s 4 aceste c\r[i
$ha$ boo5 4 aceea carte $hose boo5s 4 acele c\r[i
$his %ea( 4 anul acesta $ha$ %ea( 4 anul acela, trecut sau viitor
$his $,ne is 'eligh$+,l T melodia aceasta este ]ncZnt\toare
$hese ho,ses a(e la(ge( $han $hose T casele acestea sunt mai mari decZt acelea
$he lan'scape in $he mo,n$ains is mo(e a$$(ac$i)e $han $ha$ in $he plains T priveli^tea din
mun[i este mai atr\g\toare decZt aceea din cZmpie
Those a(e %o,( $ennis balls& $hese a(e mine 4 acestea sunt mingile voastre de tennis, acestea
sunt ale mele
<lease& gi)e him& $his 4 te rog, d\-i aceasta
Bha$ 'o %o, $hin5 o+ $ha$C 4 ce crezi despre aceastaG
)ac* a-ectivul emonstrativ se refer* la mai mult e un su#stantive nu este necesar s* fie re&etat!
<8emple*
This man an' 4oman T acest b\rbat ^i aceast\ femeie
. nu se confuna forma singular* a &ronumelui emonstrative t'at cu t'at = care, &ronume relativ!
5! ?ronumele demonstrative aceasta, acesta, aceea, acel, se poate omite ]n construc[ia genitivului
posesiv!
This ho,se is m% b(o$he(:s T casa aceasta este a fratelui meu
Tha$ han'bag is m% sis$e(:s T po^eta aceea este a surorii mele
-e poate omite substantivul ]nso[it de genitivul Ws& cZnd ]n aceia^i propozi[ie a fost deja amintit ^i astfel se
evit\ repeti[ia*
This ca( is +as$e( $han %o,( 4i+e:s T ma^ina lui este mai rapid\ decZt a so[iei sale!
bo,gh$ m% boo5s an' m% sis$e(:s T am adus c\r[ile mele ^i ale surorii mele
I! One6s7 este folosit cZteodat\ ^i ca pronume demonstrative pentru a se evita repetarea sau drept
correspondent al articolului adjectival din limba romZn\, cel, cea 6$his one7 sau ca ]nlocuitor al unui
substantive dup\ adjectivele determinative $his& $ha$& 4hich& ano$he(& o$he(.
<8emple*
!he $oo5 o++ he( ha$ an' p,$ a ne4 one T ea ^i-a scos p\l\ria ^i ^i-a pus o alta!
$:s a +ine +ish b,$ $he one ca,gh$ 4as bigge( T este bun pe^tele dar cel pe care l-am prins este
mai mare
M% ho,se is $he one on $he le+$ * casa mea este aceea de pe stZnga
s $ha$ $he one 4ho sang las$ $imeC T este acela care a cZntat data trecut\G
All $hese boo5s a(e in$e(es$ing& $his 6one7 +o( e2ample T toate c\r[ile sunt interesante, de
e8emplu ia-o pe aceasta!
$"I ,<fI>fI*
He( sis$e( 4as a $eache( an' she 4an$e' $o be one $oo T sora ei era profesoar\ ^i ea dorea s\ fie
la fel!
The li$$le ones T cei mici
:m no$ one o+ $hose 6one o+ $hose people7 4ho li5e him T nu sunt dintre aceea .unul dintre/
care-l plac
6! >ota[i traducerea pronumelui demonstrativ englez ]n urm\toarele cazuri*
Go, 4ill be so((% +o( $his T are s\-[i par\ r\u pentru aceasta
$ 4as li5e $his * a^a s-a ]ntZmplat
This is 4ha$ he $ol' me T aceasta este ce mi-a spus
X.Tha$ is 4ha$ he $ol' me. T aceasta este ce mi-a spus
YBha$ 'i' he $ell %o,CZ T Oh& $his an' $ha$. T ce [i-a povestitG 4 =h, una alta!
ha' hea(' o+ i$ be+o(e $his T auzisem despre asta mai ]nainte
$ o,gh$ $o ha)e been 'one be+o(e $his T trebuia s\ fie f\cut\ de mai ]nainte
This is some$hing li5e a meal T acesta este ceea ce se cheam\ un prZnz
An' $ha$:s all T ^i cu asta, gata, am terminat
s $his 6$ha$7 all $he l,ggage %o, a(e $a5ingC T este acesta tot bagajulG
s $his 6$ha$7 4he(e she li)esC T aici locuie^te eaG
s $ha$ %o, 8ohnC T tu e^ti MohnG
Bha$ 'o %o, mean b% $ha$C T ce vrei s\ spui cu astaG
This& $ha$ an' $he o$he( T ba una, ba alta, cZnd una, cZnd alta
The(e is no s,ch $hingH T nu e8ist\ a^a ceva
Don:$ 'o $ha$ T s\ nu faci a^a ceva
ENERCO 3
<8erci[iul
Transforma[i propozi[iile urm\toare dup\ e8emplul de mai jos*
<8! This is my cat!
This cat belongs to me!
! Those are your boo&s!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
5! That is their ball!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
I! Is this your houseG
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
6! That is $ary#s dog!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
5! "re these your coatsG
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
<8erci[iul 5
Transforma[i propozi[iile de mai jos, folosind pronumele demonstrative dup\ urm\torul model*
$odel* This car is red!
This is a red car!
! This door is open!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
5! Those %indo%s are closed!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
I! These buildings are modern!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
6! Those boys are naughty!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
<8erci[iul I
Completa[i spa[iile libere cu pronumele demonstrative corespunz\toare*
! Is aaaaaaaaaaaa all she has to sayG
5! aaaaaaaaaaaa is my younger sister!
I! aaaaaaaaaaaa is %hat she said!
6! aaaaaaaaaaaa is the fate of an ordinary man!
5! I#d do aaaaaaaaaaaa
K! aaaaaaaaaaaa is %hat I am going to do right no%!

<8erci[iul 6
Traduce[i ]n limba romZn\ urm\toarele popozi[ii*
a/ There#s a s;uirrel in the tree!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

b/ There#s the s;uirrel in the tree!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
c/ There#s the man I %as telling you about!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
d/ There#s MohnL
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
e/ There#s Mohn in the tree!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
f/ There#s a letter and t%o messages for you!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
g/ There are a letter and t%o messages for you!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
h/ There are t%o messages and a letter for you!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
i/ There are a load of messages for you!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
j/ There#s a load of messages for you!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
&/ There are a lot of messages for you!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
l/ There#s a lot of messages for you!
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
m/ There#s t%o messages for you!
<8erci[iul 5
Completa[i spa[iile libere cu pronumele demonstrative potrivit*
! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa is my school!
5! I li&e both the shirts, but aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa is better than aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa!
I! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa are my brother#s things!
6! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa is my aunt!
5! aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa is my friend#s umbrella!
AD#ERB9L 6THE AD#ERB7
Clasi+ica(e3
1. A')e(be 'e mo' 6A')e(bs o+ Manne(7
2. A')e(be 'e $imp 6A')e(bs o+ Time7
-. A')e(be 'e loc 6A')e(bs o+ <lace7
/. A')e(be 'e ca,zJ 6A')e(bs o+ Ca,se.Reason7
0. A')e(be 'e scop 6A')e(bs o+ <,(pose7
1. A')e(be 'e can$i$a$e.g(a' 6A')e(bs o+ >,an$i$%7
A')e(be 'e mo' 6A')e(bs o+ Manne(7
"dverbele de mod r\spund la ]ntrebarea ho4C e cumG
,psi'e*'o4n U cu fa[a ]n jos bea,$i+,ll% U frumos
someho4 U cumva 'elibe(a$el% U deliberat
4illingl% U bucuros comple$el% U complet
+l,en$l% U fluent/curg\tor e2$(emel% U e8trem
b% chance U din ]ntZmplare +as$ U iute
acci'en$l% U accidental ha('l% U greu/abia
ho4 U cZt/cum li$$le U pu[in
m,ch U mult (a$he( U cam
sca(cel% U abia )e(% U foarte
4ell U bine ba'l% U r\u
,na4a(es U deodat\/pe nea^teptate =,ic5l% U repede
slo4l% U lent/rar/]ncet alo,' U tare/cu voce tare
A')e(be 'e $imp 6A')e(bs o+ Time7
"dverbele de timp r\spund la ]ntrebarea 4henC U cZndG
a+$e(4a('s U dup\ aceea 'ail% U zilnic
ea(l% U devreme +o(me(l% U odinioar\
imme'ia$el% U imediat mean4hile U ]ntre timp
ne)e( U niciodat\ no4 U acum
p(esen$l% U imediat %ea(l% U annual
(ecen$l% U recent some$imes U uneori
soon U curZnd %es$e('a% Uieri
o+$en U adesea la$e U tZrziu
$hen U atunci al4a%s U totdeauna
las$ mon$h U luna trecut\ be+o(e U ]nainte
a+$e( U dup\ $o'a% U ast\zi
;,s$ Utocmai/abia a$ p(esen$ U ]n present
a$ las$ U ]n cele din urm\ b% no4 U pZn\ acum
al(ea'% U deja s$ill U ]nc\
once U odinioar\/cZndva 4hen U cZnd
;,s$ no4 U chiar acum so +a( U pZn\ aici/acum
soone( o( la$e( U mai curZnd sau mai tZrziu
A')e(be 'e loc 6A')e(bs o+ <lace7
"dverbele de loc r\spund la ]ntrebarea 4henC U undeG
behin' U ]n spate +a( U departe
he(e U aici nea( U aproape
$he(e U acolo insi'e U ]n interior
,ps$ai(s U la ataj along U de-a lungul
,p an' 'o4n U ]n sus ^i ]n jos he(e an' $he(e U ici ^i colo
ab(oa' U]n str\in\tate ,n'e( U dedesubt
some4he(e U undeva no4he(e Uniciunde/nic\ieri
an%4he(e Uoriunde e)e(%4he(e Upretutindeni
so,$h4he(e Uc\tre sud home4a(' Uspre/c\tre cas\
4he(e U unde
A')e(be 'e ca,zJ 6A')e(bs o+ Ca,se.Reason7
"dverbele de cauz\ r\spund la ]ntrebarea 4h%C U de ceG
$ha$ is 4h% U ia$J 'e ce $he(e+o(e Upentru acest motiv, de aceea
+o( $he (eason $ha$ U pentru motivul c\
A')e(be 'e scop 6A')e(bs o+ <,(pose7
"dverbele de scop r\spund la ]ntrebarea +o( 4ha$ p,(poseC U cu ce scopG
+o( $his p,(pose U cu acest scop +o( $he me(e p,(pose o+ U pentru simplul motiv de a
A')e(be 'e can$i$a$e.g(a' 6A')e(bs o+ >,an$i$%7
"dverbele de cantitate/grad r\spund la ]ntreb\rile ho4 m,chC U cZtG, ho4 li$$leC U cZt de pu[inG etc!
almos$ Uaproape/apro8imativ eno(mo,sl% U enorm
en$i(el% U ]n ]ntregime li$$le Upu[in
m,ch U mult =,i$e U chiar/total
(eall% U ]ntr-adev\r/cu adev\rat so U astfel, a^a
s,++icien$l% U suficient eno,gh U destul/suficient
$oo U prea/suficient )e(% U foarte
ALTE AD#ERBE
especiall% U mai ales, ]n special a$ mos$ U cel mult
e2ac$l% U e8act a$ la$es$ U cel mai tZrziu
e)en U chiar a$ ea(lies$ U cel mai devreme
onl% U nunai/doar ho4e)e( U totu^i/cu toate acestea
s,(el% U sigur o+ co,(se U desigur
p(ecisel% U prgcis conse=,en$l% U ca urmare
also U de asemenea a$ an% (a$e U ]n orice caz
a$ leas$ U cel pu[in a$ 4o(s$ U ]n cel mai r\u caz
Compara[ia adverbelor
pozi$i) compa(a$i) 'e s,pe(io(i$a$e s,pe(la$i) (ela$i)
%ell e bine better e mai bine the best e cel mai bine
badly e r\u %orse e mai r\u the %orst e cel mai r\u
far e departe farther e mai departe the farthest e cel mai departe
further e mai departe furthest e cel mai departe
much e mult more e mai mult the most e cel mai mult
near e aproape nearer e mai aproape the nearest e cel mai aproape
little e pu[in less emai pu[in the least e cel mai pu[in
late e tZrziu later e mai tZrziu the latest e cel mai tZrziu
up e sus upper e mai sus upmost e cel mai sus
Compara[ia analitic\ a adverbelor
pozi$i) compa(a$i) 'e s,pe(io(i$a$e s,pe(la$i) (ela$i)
attractively e atr\g\tor more attractively e mai atr\g\tor the most attractively e cel mai
atr\g\tor
beautifully e frumos more beautifully e mai frumos the most beautifully e cel mai
frumos
bestially e bestial more bestially e mai bestial the most bestially e cel mai
bestial
carefully e atent more carefully e mai atent the most carefully e cel mai atent
fortunately enorocos more fortunately e mai norocos the most fortunately e cel mai
norocos
;uic&ly e rapid more ;uic&ly e mai rapid the most ;uic&ly e cel mai rapid
charmingly e fermec\tor more charmingly e mai
fermec\tor
the most charmingly e cel mai
fermec\tor
fluently e fluent more fluently e mai fluent the most fluently e cel mai fluent
gratefully e recunosc\tor more gratefully e mai
recunosc\tor
the most gratefully e cel mai
recunosc\tor
%illingly e bucuros more %illingly e mai bucuros the most %illingly e cel mai
bucuros
Compara[ia sintetic\ a adverbelor
pozi$i) compa(a$i) 'e s,pe(io(i$a$e s,pe(la$i) (ela$i)
cleanly e curat cleanlier e mai curat the cleanliest e cel mai curat
early e devreme earlier e mai devreme the earliest e cel mai devreme
hard e greu harder e mai greu the hardest e cel mai greu
lo% e deprimat lo%er e mai deprimat the lo%est e cel mai deprimat
#. BBLOFRAFE !ELECT#Q
! "driana Iacov, <nglish for tourism- professionals and staff, )ucuresti, <d!Irescon,
522I!
5! Cristina ?relipceanu, @aniela :iurculescu, $ariana >icolae, $ihaela Xografi,
<nglish for Tourism and 3ospitality Industry, )ucuresti, <d!1niversitara, 5225!
I! Colin,?, @ictionary of hotels, tourism and catering management, )ritish Aibrary,
?eter Collin ?ublishing, OO6!
6! Crocus, ", Tourism and 3ospitality Industry Eorld%ide, )ucuresti, <d! -ylvi,
OO7!
5! Trish -tott, "ngela )uc&ingham, <nglish for Travel and Tourist Industry, =8ford
1niversity ?ress!
Copyright h 522O, -C T3, C: -,A
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-C T3, C