PARTS AND FUNCTIONS (ORAL TISSUES)

LIP SECTION(LOWER LIP)

VERMILLION BORDER
The vermilion border is the line
along the outside of the lips
where they join the skin of the
face.
It represents the change in the
epidermis from highly keratinized
external skin to less keratinized
internal skin. It has no sebaceous
glands, sweat glands, or hair.
MUCOSA
The mucosa of the small intestine is
characterized by evagination into plicae
and villi.
Increase the surface area for nutrient
absorption, and by short tubular
invaginations, the crypts, which
provide a protected site for stem
cells.
SUBMUCOSA
The submucosa of the small intestine is
relatively unspecialized, except in the
duodenum where it is packed with the
mucous-secreting Brunner's glands.
It allows the mucosa to move flexibly
during peristalsis.
MUSCULARIS
MUCOSAE
The muscularis mucosa of the small
intestine forms a thin layer (only a few
muscle fibers in thickness) beneath the
deep ends of the crypts.
to expel contents of glandular crypts
and enhance contact between
epithelium and the contents of the
lumen.
MUSCULARIS
EXTERNA
Muscularis externa of the small intestine
has the standard layers of inner circular
and outer longitudinal smooth muscle,
with ganglia of Auerbach's plexus
scattered in between..
to provide peristalsis to the gut.
SEROSA
serous coat of the small intestine; the
peritoneal covering of the external surface
of the small intestine.
It functions as a protective barrier
over the organs which allows
movement of the organs without
friction- especially important in the
chest cavity.
It also has a role to play in the passive
diffusion of chemicals to and from
the pleural or peritoneal cavity.
LAMINA PROPRIA
each villus is richly supplied with
capillaries and also includes a single
lacteal, for transporting absorbed
nutrients. Lamina propria also includes
thin strands of smooth muscle
(presumably allowing some motility for
individual villi
to encourage thorough fluid mixing at
the absorptive surface) and
numerous white blood cells.
ORAL MUCOSA
Oral mucosa consists of two
layers, the surface stratified
squamous epithelium and the
deeper lamina propria
mucous membrane lining the
inside of the mouth and consists
of stratified squamous epithelium
termed oral epithelium and an
underlying connective tissue
termed lamina propria
ORAL SUBMUCOSA
A submucosa may or may not be
present deep to the dense layer
of the lamina propria, depending
on the region of the oral cavity.
the submucosa usually contains
loose connective tissue and may
also contain adipose connective
tissue or salivary glands

UNDECALCIFIED TOOTH SECTION
CROWN REGION
The anatomical crown is that
portion of the tooth encased in
enamel.
The crown of the tooth, which is
influenced by the shape of the
inner enamel epithelium
ROOT REGION
It is the embedded part of the
tooth into the socket of the
bone.
The roots of teeth are embedded
in the maxilla (upper jaw) or the
mandible (lower jaw) and are
covered by gums
ENAMEL
Enamel is the hardest and most
highly mineralized substance of
the body
It is normally visible and must be
supported by underlying dentin.
96% of enamel consists of
mineral, with water and organic
material comprising the rest.
DENTINE
Dentin is the substance between
enamel or cementum and the
pulp chamber.
Dentin is a mineralized
connective tissue with an organic
matrix of collagenous proteins.
PUL CAVITY
The dental pulp is the central
part of the tooth filled with soft
connective tissue.
This tissue contains blood vessels
and nerves that enter the tooth
from a hole at the apex of the
root.
CEMENTUM
Cementum is a specialized bone
like substance covering the root
of a tooth.
The principal role of cementum
is to serve as a medium by which
the periodontal ligaments can
attach to the tooth for stability.

TONGUE
TONGUE EPITHELIUM
Its dorsal surface is covered by
stratified squamous
parakeratinized to keratinized
epithelium, whereas its ventral
surface is covered by stratified
squamous nonkeratinized
epithelium.
Both epithelial surfaces are
underlain by a lamina propria and
submucosa of dense irregular
collagenous connective tissue.
LINGUAL PAPILLAE
Lingual papillae are located on
the dorsal surface of the anterior
two-thirds of the tongue.
It forms the surface of the tongue
FILIFORM PAPILLAE
are short, narrow, highly
keratinized structures lacking
taste buds.
The filiform papillae cover most
of the tongue. These furry, finger
like papillae are thin and long.
FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE
are mushroom-shaped structures
interspersed among the filiform
papillae; they contain occasional
taste buds.
The fungiform papillae are
involved in the sensations of
taste and have taste buds
embedded in their surfaces.
FOLIATE PAPILLAE
are shallow longitudinal furrows
on the lateral aspect of the
posterior region of the anterior
two-thirds of the tongue.
heir taste buds degenerate
shortly after the second year of
life.
CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE
are 10 to 15 large circular
papillae, each of which is
surrounded by a moatlike furrow.
They lie just anterior to the
sulcus terminalis and possess
taste buds.
TASTE BUDS
Each taste bud is composed of 60
to 80 spindle-shaped cells that
form a barrel-shaped
intraepithelial structure.
Taste buds perceive salt, sour,
bitter, and sweet


ESOPHAGUS (UPPER REGION)
ESOPHAGEAL GLANDS
The esophageal glands are small
compound racemose exocrine
glands of the mucous type.
They are lodged in the
submucous tissue, and each
opens upon the surface by a long
excretory duct.
mucus secretion.
MUSCULARIS EXTERNA
the upper 1/3 - striated muscle
that circular layer is thickened to
form pharyngoesophageal
sphincter, the middle third -
striated muscle and smooth
muscle, the distal third - smooth
muscle.
It propels the contents by
shortening the tube.


STOMACH (FUNDUS)
GASTRIC GLANDS
The gastric gland is the basic
secretory unit of the stomach
an aggregation of cells
specialized to secrete or excrete
and contains a variety of
component cells located in
characteristic locations.
materials not related to their
ordinary metabolic needs.
MUCOUS NECK CELLS
These cells line the gastric
mucosa and gastric pits.
Foveolar cells are mucus-
producing cells which cover the
inside of the stomach, protecting
it from the corrosive nature of
gastric acid.
PARIETAL CELLS
These cells are only located in
glands found in a particular area
of the stomach, known as the
fundus.
These are the stomach epithelial
cells that secrete gastric acid
(HCl) and intrinsic factor.
CHIEF CELLS
Chief cells release the zymogen
(enzyme precursor) pepsinogen
when stimulated by a variety of
factors including cholinergic
activity from the vagus nerve and
acidic condition in the stomach.
A gastric chief cell (or peptic cell,
or gastric zymogenic cell) is a cell
in the stomach that releases
pepsinogen, gastric lipase and
chymosin.


















STOMACH C.S (FUNDUS)





















Columnar epithelium
Chief cells Muscularis mucosa
submucosa
Lamina propia
Parietal cell
Smooth muscles
ESOPHAGUS C.S (UPPER REGION)




























Stratified squamous
epithelium
Lamina propia
Esophageal glands
Submucosa
Muscularis mucosa
HUMAN TONGUE C.S





















Tongue epithelium
Lamina propia
Mucous glands
Skeletal muscle (T.S)
Fungiform papillae
Filiform papillae
Serous glands
Taste bud
UNDECALFICIFIED TOOTH SECTION





















Pulp cavity
Dentine
Cementum
Crown
ACTIVITY 7a: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY: Hipe, Alyanna Maachah P. SUBMITTED TO: Sir Jay-ar Santiaguel
Javiniar, Von Yrenz S. Date: October 8, 2013
Luterte, Rhocell Lovely B.
Naluz, Paolo Kenneth C.

HUMAN LIP C.S (LOWER LIP)
Vermillion border
Oral mucosa
Oral submucosa
Skeletal Muscles
Salivary gland
Lamina propia