INDEX

Aborigines, 9, 24, 53, 56, 133

adoption of, 33
childcare by, 1278
fire management and, 63, 64, 70
genocide of, 60
in Golden Gifts (Franc), 1223
threat from, 68
see also Moris
Adams, Arthur H., Tussock Land, 1756
adventure fiction, 6, 64, 95, 130
advertisements, 11, 99
aestheticism, 79, 81, 11213, 114, 115, 119,
123, 13544
agriculture, 127
bad harvests, 154
depressions, 92
failures, 150
labour, 88
New Zealand, 153
Alcott, Louisa May, Little Women, 11, 78,
86, 92, 93, 97
Allen, Grant, 125
Allingham, P. V., 61
American fiction, 1213, 99, 109, 121
see also United States
Andersen, Hans Christian, The Sea Maid,
79, 80
Anderson, Benedict, 13
anti-emigration fiction, 5, 99, 102
Mrs Tregaskiss (Praed), 12533
anxieties of settlers, 44, 73, 845, 92, 122,
138
arsonists, 63, 6573
racial, 125, 172, 173, 174
Archibald, Diana C., 7, 8, 76
Ardis, Ann, 78

arsonists, 63, 6573

Auckland, 105, 146, 147, 150, 153, 162,
163, 165, 167, 169
Australia, 108
Bush Girl, 4, 10, 14, 7589, 1212, 123
Dickens and, 3857
evangelicalism, 11124
lack of female population in, 31
Urania Cottage project, 3941, 42, 45,
46, 47
see also Aborigines; bush; childrens
literature; transportation of convicts
Australian Journal, 63, 65
Australian Musical News, 102
Australian Town, 91
Aylmer, Isabella, Distant Homes, 173

Copyright
Babb, Valerie, 30
Bagehot, Walter, Lombard Street, 156
Baker, Louisa Alice, A Daughter of the King,
136, 13944
Barker, Lady, 135
Barr, John, 167
Barst, Julie, 42
Bathgate, John, 138
Baume, Eric, Half-Caste, 1745
Bayly, Elisabeth Boyd, Under the She-Oaks,
112
Baynton, Barbara, Squeakers Mate, 77
beauty, 80, 1414, 163, 168, 170, 174
Belich, James, 2, 7, 8, 49, 99, 148
belonging, 22, 24, 27, 35, 129
Ko Mri (Weston), 3, 16272, 175, 176
Bildungsroman format, 2, 52, 545, 59
Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine, 51, 54
Boehm, Beth A., 61
Boer War, 103

213

214

Domestic Fiction in Colonial Australia and New Zealand

Boldrewood, Rolf, War to the Knife, 174

Borlase, J. S., Twelve Miles Abroad, 63,
713
Braddon, Mary Elizabeth, Lady Audleys
Secret, 99
Brantlinger, Patrick, 11, 56, 152
British Columbia, 57
British fiction, 75, 76, 151
Broad Arrow, 164
Brody, Jennifer DeVere, 22
Bruce, Mary Grant (Billabong series), 94
Bulletin magazine, 77, 78, 84, 93
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, The Caxtons, 51, 52,
54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 97
bush, 3, 4, 6, 126
gentility in the, 12930
hospitality, 72
infant mortality in, 132
mythology, 77, 88
nightmarish depiction of, 945
women and, 9, 69, 86, 131
see also fires
Bush Girl, 4, 10, 14, 7589, 1212, 123
Bush Studies, 77
bushrangers, 9, 24, 34, 86, 97
Byron, Lord, 165

Christmas period, 166, 167

bushfire season, 69, 70, 712
stories, 50, 51
circulating libraries, 159
Clapperton, Jane Hume, 125
Claybaugh, Amanda, 12
Clode, Danielle, 63, 68
Coleman, Deirdre, 33, 34
Collins, Paul, 64
colonization, 1011, 22, 34, 56, 172
Wakefieldian theory of, 1468, 150, 153,
154
womens civilizing mission, 9, 23, 24,
303, 43, 114, 127, 148
conversion, 11920, 123
convicts, 24, 2730
Great Expectations, 589
letters home, 45
tainted, 29, 31, 45
see also transportation of convicts
Coombes, Annie, 7
Cornhill, 164
Cosmos magazine, 84
Country Journal, 91
courtship, 2, 6, 32, 53, 56, 120
Coutts, Angela Burdett, 39
craft tradition, 1356, 137, 1401
credit, 66, 145, 146, 147, 149, 151, 152,
1546, 158, 159
crime/criminality, 23, 245, 28, 33, 34, 58, 99
critical realism, 153

Copyright
Cain, P. J., 148, 156
Calvinism, 144
Cambridge, Ada, 83
campfires see fires
Canada, 7, 378, 50, 52
capitalism, 8, 23, 122, 123, 1478, 1534,
156, 158, 176
Carlyle, Thomas, 39
Catholicism, 112
The Caxtons (Bulwer-Lytton), 16, 51, 52, 53,
54, 55, 56, 60, 97
Challinor, Deborah, 176
Cheeseman, Clara, 167
Colonials in Fiction, 153
A Rolling Stone, 14559
childhood, 41, 60, 61, 139
childrens literature see Turner, Ethel
Chilton, Lisa, 8
Chisholm, Caroline, 38, 39, 40, 412, 43,
44, 45, 46
cholera epidemics, 22

Dalziell, Tanya, 5, 9, 10, 77, 845, 87, 1212

Dames, Nicholas, 59
Darwinism, 170, 171
David, Deirdre, 30
De la Motte Fouqu, Friedrich, Undine, 79,
80
debt see Cheeseman, Clara, A Rolling Stone
degeneration fears, 125
Devanny, Jean, Lenore Divine, 175, 176
Di Stefano, John, 161
Dickens, Alfred, 47
Dickens, Catherine, 47
Dickens, Charles, 166
All the Year Round, 42, 49, 57, 58, 59
American Notes for General Circulation, 37

Index
David Copperfield, 41, 43, 46, 97, 101,
106, 109
Great Expectations, 3, 14, 45, 49, 5762,
99
Hard Times, 45
Household Words, 42, 45
Martin Chuzzlewit, 37
Oliver Twist, 40
Pickwick Papers, 38
sons sent to Australia, 47
United States visit by, 37
Urania Cottage project and, 3941, 42,
45, 47
Dickens, Edward (Plorn), 47
Domestic Gothic architecture, 113
domestic labour, lack of proficiency in,
7980, 878, 114
domestic sphere, 2, 23, 30, 77, 79, 117, 121,
136, 141, 151
see also home
domesticity, 84
careless, 150
drunkenness and, 11519, 131
evangelicalism and, 11224
indigeneity and, 53, 1223
portable, 13
Urania Cottage project, 3940
see also home; homemaking
drought, 94, 95, 96, 101

215

pain of leaving, 41, 50, 60, 61

returnees, 17, 55, 58, 61, 99100, 102,
104, 106
see also transportation of convicts
Englishness, 22, 23, 26, 27, 312, 345
eugenics, 125
evangelicalism, 11124
failed migration, 92, 94, 96, 97, 127, 150,
154
Wonder-Child, 98104
fallen women, 3941, 42, 45, 46, 47, 143
Family Colonization Loan Society, 43
Federation of Australia movement, 92
femininity, 789, 84, 85, 115, 125, 1424,
165, 168
feminism, 4, 121, 144
Fender, Stephen, 99100
Ferres, Kay, 130
fires, 6373, 98, 103, 1289
Floyd, Emma, 129
Fortune, Mary (Waif Wanderer), 63, 658
Foucault, Michel, 34
Franc, Maud Jean, 11124
Beatrice Meltons Discipline, 119
Golden Gifts, 1223
Into the Light, 119, 1201, 123
Marian or Golden Gifts: An Australian
Tale, 11215, 11920, 123
Minnies Mission, 11519, 121, 123
Frankenberg, Ruth, 34
Franklin, Miles
Laughter, Not for a Cage, 89
My Brilliant Career, 3, 76, 83, 84, 879
Freedgood, Elaine, 23, 5960

Copyright

Eden Remington and Co. (publishers), 163

Eliot, George, 166
Eliza Cooks Journal, 51
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 41
emigration, 5, 7, 11
booster literature, 5, 7, 51, 99, 103
Dickens and, 4954, 579, 99
failed, 11, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98104, 127,
150, 154
multiple attempts at, 11, 91110
statistics, 49
England
Australian fiction and, 11112
county of Kent, 25, 33
culture, 165, 166, 167
letters back to, 427
money sent home to, 445
overpopulation in, 24, 25, 52, 97

gardens, 33, 53, 55, 57, 58, 61, 113, 116,

119, 150
Garton, Stephen, 87
Gaskell, Elizabeth, Lizzie Leigh, 423
Gelder, Ken, 78
gender, 810, 12, 63, 658, 77, 85, 89, 126,
141, 165
gentlemen emigrants, 467, 52, 1578
Gibbons, Peter, 162
Giles, Fiona, 131
Giles, Paul, 1213
Girls Own Paper, 834

216

Domestic Fiction in Colonial Australia and New Zealand

Girls Realm, 75
girls see Bush Girl
Gladstone, William Ewart, 164
Globe, 164
Godwin, Edward William, 135
gold fields, 11, 57, 127, 148, 151
gold rush (1851), 40
Goldie, Terry, 173
Grace, A. A., Tales of a Dying Race, 175
Grace, Patricia, 176
gradualism, 16, 535, 59, 61
Grand, Sarah, 125
Graphic, 164
Gray, R., 65, 70
Great Exhibition (1851), 137
Grey, George, 1723
Griest, G. L., 1589
Guthrie and Co., 137
half-castes, 12, 127, 129, 163, 16771,
1726
Hamilton, Walter, 143
Harpers Weekly, 58, 61
Hartley, Jenny, 39
Haweis, Mary Eliza, 135
Helsinger, Elizabeth K., 1367
Henley, W. E., 164
Hislop, James, 137
Hollington, Michael, 38, 39
home
defined, 21, 161
nostalgia for, 136, 161
recreating back home, 247, 126, 162,
1656
as sanctuary, 25, 33
vulnerability to bushfires, 6373
see also domesticity
homemaking, 1, 89, 15, 1368
aestheticism, 13944
British taste, 1378
genteel taste and comfort in, 11416,
129, 166
homesickness, 12, 52, 57, 101
Hopkins, A. G., 148, 156
Hovey, Richard, 165
Howitt, William, A Boys Adventures in the
Wilds of Australia, 64
Hughes, Linda K., 534, 55
Hyde, Robin, 161

Ihimaera, Witi, 176

Illustrated London News, 50
Illustrated Sydney News, 91
imagined communities, 9, 13
imperialism, 3, 4, 8, 24, 303, 76, 164, 165
indentured servants, 24, 2535
indigenous people see Aborigines; Moris
infant mortality, 132
international credit, 147, 154
Irving, Henry, 166
Jevons, W. S., 154
Jones, Lawrence, 153
journalism, 139, 141, 164, 165, 169
Kaye, Bannerman, Haromi, 174
Kidman, Fiona, 176
Kingsley, Charles, 118
Kingsley, Henry, The Recollections of Geoffrey
Hamlyn, 64
Kipling, Rudyard, 164
Kranidis, Rita, 578, 97

Copyright

Lake, Marilyn, 4, 10, 77, 84

land speculation, 151
Lawson, Henry, A Camp-Fire Yarn, 64
Lee, Christopher, 76, 83
Lee, Vernon, Miss Brown, 144
Leisure Hour, 50, 51, 52
Levine, Philippa, 8
lightning strikes, 64
Lloyd, Amy, 126, 127
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 166, 169
Lund, Michael, 534, 55
McClintock, Anne, 126
McDannell, Colleen, 113
McDonagh, Josephine, 51
Mack, Louise, 84
McLenan, John, 61
Magarey, Susan, 87
magazines and periodicals, 5, 14, 4956, 127
Malthus, Thomas, 25
Moris, 3, 148, 16276
marriage, 46
Bush Girl and, 789, 809
Christian, 115, 124
mixed, 171, 172, 1734, 176
purity and, 312

Index
rates, 87
rejection of, 889
unhappy, 12733, 139, 140, 142
marriageability, 76, 85, 86
Martin, Catherine, An Australian Girl, 78,
823, 89
Martin, Lady (Mary), Our Maoris, 172, 173
Martin, Susan K., 67, 13, 778
Martineau, Harriet, Homes Abroad, 3, 19,
2235
Martinique, 174
Massumi, Brian, 6970, 71, 73
maternal instinct, 33, 125, 129
see also motherhood
mateship, 4, 6, 8, 47, 64
Meteyard, Eliza, Lucy Dean: The Noble
Needlewoman, 16, 51
Methodism, 112, 144
metropolitan colonial relations, 7
middle-class
domesticity, 223, 30, 32, 113, 114, 116
feminine propriety, 121
morality, 41
single young men, 46
values, 21
Mirmohamadi, Kylie, 13
miscegenation, 31, 171, 172, 176
see also marriage
missionaries, 112, 168, 172
Mitchell, Leslie, 57
Moffat, Kirstine, 144, 151
More, Hannah, Coelebs in Search of a Wife,
121
Morning Post, 164
Morris, William, 135
Mother Country, 30, 93, 105, 164, 167
motherhood, 301, 79
Mrs Tregaskiss, 12533
Murray, Louisa, The Settlers of Long Arrow,
16, 51
muscular Christianity, 118
Myers, Janet C., 13, 21, 53

217

Nayder, Lillian, 47
Neal, Lynn, 121
New Woman fiction, 2, 5, 12, 77, 78, 83, 84
New Zealand, 1011, 105
aestheticism in, 13544
exotic landscape of, 167
financial crisis in, 145, 147, 149, 1523
international reputation of, 155, 156
Moris, 3, 148, 16276
national debt, 146, 149, 152
A Rolling Stone (Cheeseman), 14659
New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition
(188990), 137, 139
Newgate Prison, 28
Niall, Brenda, 84, 96, 109
Noble Savage, 173, 176
nostalgia, 16, 27, 50, 56, 59, 601, 108, 109,
136, 161
Observer (Auckland), 163
Once a Week, 51
OReilly, Nathanael, 689
orphans, 104, 105
Otago Witness, 136, 139, 141
otherness, 52, 64, 70, 168, 169

Copyright

national identity, 4, 212, 50, 76

see also Englishness
nationalism, 1, 3, 5, 92, 93, 125
Australian Girl, 77, 78, 83, 84, 86, 89
natural disasters, 64
see also drought; fires

Parthenon, 91
Pater, Walter, 135
patriarchal family, 21, 289
Pearce, Sharyn, 86, 93
penal colonies, 1011, 15, 23, 38, 39, 40,
45, 97
Perry, Mary Constance, 172
Peterson, Linda, 21
Piesse, Jude, 14
Piggin, Stuart, 112
Plotz, John, 13, 136, 137
political economy, 138, 147, 148, 1534
poverty, 23, 245, 52, 153
and crime, 289
and lack of maternal feeling, 301
urban, 147, 154
Praed, Rosa Campbell, 83, 89
An Australian Heroine, 3, 75, 7882, 87
A Daughter of Greater Britain:
The Australian Girl, 75, 76
Fugitive Anne, 130, 133
on the Girl of the Bush, 4

218

Domestic Fiction in Colonial Australia and New Zealand

Lady Bridget in The Never-Never Land,

133
Mrs Tregaskiss, 12533
Pre-Raphaelite beauty, 142
Primrose League, 164
pro-emigration propaganda, 5, 7, 51, 99, 103
prostitution, 31, 39, 40, 41, 42, 46
see also fallen women
Psomiades, Kathy Alexis, 142
Puritanism, 151
racial violence, 60, 62
Reform Bills, 22
reputation, 29, 32, 106, 145, 146, 147, 149,
154, 1556, 169
returnees, 17, 55, 58, 61, 99100, 102, 104,
106
Ricardo, David, 147
romances, 10, 76, 77, 133, 153
Bush Girl, 7689
bushfires and, 64
evangelicalism and, 11124
Romanticism, 32
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 142
Rowley, Sue, 77
Ruskin, John, 135

social disorder, 22, 23, 29, 30

Southern Cross newspaper, 163
spinsters, 82, 101, 126
starvation, 147, 154
Stasiulis, Daiva, 9
steamships, 7, 105
Steer, Philip, 14
Stoler, Ann Laura, 10
Stone, Marcus, 61
Stoney, Henry Butler, Taranaki, 173
storytelling, 64
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 121
Strehle, Susan, 111, 122
Strobel, Margaret, 910
suicide, 41, 72, 73, 175
Sunday Sun, 91
Sydney, 44, 456, 86, 91, 94, 95, 106, 108,
109
Sykes, Gillian, 77
systematic colonization theory (Wakefield),
1468, 150, 153, 154

Copyright
Said, Edward, 49
Sandrin, Anny, 59
Sargent, George, Frank Layton: An Australian
Story, 16, 51, 523, 546, 59
Satchell, William, The Greenstone Door, 175
Schaffer, Talia, 1356, 141
self-made man, 25, 26
self-sacrifice, 133, 169, 170
self-sufficiency, 106, 138, 159
sensation fiction, 6, 13, 54, 99
sentimental poetry, 50
serial fiction, 3, 14, 516
servants, 9, 39, 80, 88, 967, 127
Shakespeare, William, Hamlet, 166, 172
Sheridan, Susan, 76, 84
Sidney, Samuel, Sidneys Australian HandBook, 53
slavery, 26, 87, 106
Smith, Adam, 147
Smith, Michelle, 14
social Darwinism, 175, 176

Tasma ( Jessie Couvreur), 83

Tautari, Captain James, 172
teetotallism, 44
temperance, 111, 112, 113, 11519, 121
Tennenhouse, Leonard, 12
Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 142, 165, 166, 169
Terry, Ellen, 166
threat, ontology of, 6970, 71, 73
three-volume novels, 13
A Rolling Stone (Cheeseman), 14559
thrift, 138, 140, 141
tomboys, 78, 87, 108
Townsville Daily Bulletin, 65
transformation, 389, 40, 43, 46, 47, 56, 79,
113, 115, 117, 123, 144
transportation of convicts, 1011, 22, 24,
25, 29, 40
in Great Expectations, 58
Newgate Prison and, 28
in Pickwick Papers, 38
public criticism of, 39
Trollope, Anthony, 166
Harry Heathcote of Gangoil, 63, 6971, 73
The Way We Live Now, 156
Turner, Ethel, 84
as the Australian Alcott, 11, 93

Index
The Family at Misrule, 97, 98
Fugitives from Fortune, 91, 98, 1069, 110
Giving Up, 945, 96
The Going Forth of Tod, 946
In the Mist of the Mountains, 94, 99
Little Mother Meg, 85, 94
Misrule novels, 85, 91, 93, 94, 97, 98
Miss Bobbie, 96, 108
Seven Little Australians, 3, 9, 76, 83,
847, 91, 93, 94, 97, 108
That Girl, 91, 98, 1056, 110
Wonder-Child, 91, 967, 98104, 110
Turner, Stephen, 138, 162
unemployment, 24, 52, 154
United States, 7, 10, 1112, 50, 57, 92, 100,
104, 105, 106, 110, 112
American fiction, 1213, 99, 109, 121
commercialism of, 1078
Dickens visit to, 37
feminine culture, 1645
Urania Cottage project, 3941, 42, 45, 47
utopianism, 92, 98, 106, 107, 109, 110, 132,
133, 167

219

Wagner, Tamara S., 22, 126

Waitangi Treaty (1840), 11
Wakefield, Edward Gibbon, 1468, 150,
153, 154, 162
Walshe, Elizabeth Hely, Cedar Creek, 51, 52,
53, 54, 55, 56, 57
Wanhalla, Angela, 172
Ward, Mary Augusta, Marcella, 144
Warner, Susan, 121
Weaver, Rachael, 78
Webby, Elizabeth, 71
Weston, Jessie
Imperialism, 164
Ko Mri, or, A Cycle of Cathay: A Story
of New Zealand Life, 3, 16272, 175,
176
Whistler, James McNeill, 140
White, Kerry, 93
Wilde, Oscar, 135, 140
Wills, W. H., 43
Winiowski, Sygurd, Tikera, 174, 175
womens civilizing mission, 9, 23, 24, 303,
43, 114, 127, 148
womens rights, 133
Woollacott, Angela, 7, 8, 13, 77
Wordsworth, William, 32
Worthington, Henry, 163

Copyright

vagrants, 154, 156, 158

Van Diemens Land, 3, 2335
Vernay, Jean-Franois, 689
Victoria, Queen, 50
Vidal, Mary, Tales for the Bush, 112
Vogel, Julius, 3, 148, 149

Yuval-Davis, Nira, 9

Copyright