Part III

LIST OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES

m.pt:94, Napt!"
Colored crystalline solid. Slightly soluble in water. Readily soluble
in NaOH, alcohol, ether etc
1. No colour with neutral FeCI
3
in H
2
O but gies white !!t.
2. Sha"e a s#all a#ounl o$ the co#!ound with #i%ture haing
e&ual olu#e o$ I
2
and 'l and add e%cess o$ NaOH(iolet
colour, ra!idly dar"ening and $ollowed by a !reci!itate.
3. )a"e a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound in test tube and add to it
2#l. o$ ai NaOH solution and one dro! o$ chloro$or#. *ar# a
blue colour. )his test is also gien by +(na!hthol.
,. )a"e a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound in a test tube, add to it 2
#l. o$ NaOH, a dro! o$ carbon tetrachloride and a !inch o$
co!!er !owder. *ar# the contents( blue colour -distinction
$ro# +(na!hthol..
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. /en0oate 1.2. 345
ii. 2icrate 1.2. 1675
iii. 8cetate 1.2. 345
i. 9ibro#o 1.21:35
1
. 2(Nitroben0yl ether 1.2. 1,:5
i. 9initroben0oate 1.2.21;5.
ii. 2()osyl 1.2. 665
Mp.', R#&"r($)"*
21'OH white crystalline solid. Odourless Soluble in H
2
O, ether,
alcohol and chloro$or#.
1. *ith neutral a&. FeCl
3
sol. It gies blue iolet colour
2. Heat 1 c.c. o$ the a&ueous solution o$ the original co#!ound
with 1 #l o$ NaOH solution and a dro! o$ chloro$or# till a
de$inite red o$ iolet red colour is !roduced. Now $ill u! the
test(tube with water(a red solution a!!earing iolet(red on
sha"ing, giing no $luorescence on dilution indicates resorcinol,
while a iolet(red solution changing to dee! red, yielding a
green $luorescence indicates orcinol.
3. Heat a #i%ture o$ s#all a#ount -rice(grain. o$ !hthalic
anhydride and twice this bul" o$ the original co#!ound with 2
dro!s o$ cone. H
2
SO
,
until the #i%ture a!!ears red(brown in
colour. Cool and add a $ew dro!s o$ water $ollowed by NaOH
solution gradually and with sha"ing until the #i%ture is
al"aline, tube out 1#l. o$ this solution in a test(tube and $ill u!
the latter with water ( a yellow(green $luorescence indicates
resorcinol.
,. No !!t, with lead acetate solution
3. 8!!ly general tests o$ !olyhydric !henols.
2
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 9iben0oate 1.2. 11;5
ii. 9iben0enesul!honate 1.2. 475
iii. 9i(!(toluenesul!honale 1.2.6:
i. 3,3(diitroben0oate 1.2.2:1
. 2()osyl 1.2.6:5
i. 9ibro#o 1.2.I 125
m.pt: +'',
,
Napt!t!"*
2in"(brown coloured crystalline solid haing saint odour. Soluble
in NaOH, ether, alcohol and ben0ene< s!aringly soluble in water.
1. No colour with neutral FeCl
3
2. *ith titanic acid in conc. H
2
SO
,
gies red colour.
3. Its solution in NaOH when war#ed with chloro$or# gies a
blue color -Note that i$ CHCl
3
is re!laced by CCl
,
no colour
is obtained..
,. 2hthalein test ( $aint green colour with so#e $luorescence.
3. 2er$or# )est No., #entioned in =(na!thol -1.2 7,5..
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 8cetate 1.2. ;:5
ii. /en0oae 1.2.1:;.
iii. Oucrate 1.2 1345
3
i. 2()oluenesul!honate 1.2. 123>
. 3,3(9initroben0oate 1.2. 2125
i. 2.)osyl 1.2 1235
CAR-O./LIC ACIDS
+00 C$))am$( a($1
Shining crea# colored crystals s!aringly soluble in water and
chloro$or# soluble in alcohol and ether.
1. )a"e 2 #l. o$ the neutral solution o$ the co#!ound, add an eual
olu#e o$ a& '1nO
,
solution and sha"e(!ur!le colour o$
!er#anganate is discharged with the a!!earance o$ brown !!t. and
bitter(al#ond li"e odour o$ ben0aldehyde.
2. )a"e 2 #l. o$ the neutral solution o$ acid and add 2 #l. o$ al"aline
'1NO
,
solution. Heat and $ilter. Cool the $iltarse white crystals o$
ben0oic acid are obtained.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. a#ide 1.2.I,;:
ii. 8nilide1.2. 133?
iii. !()oluidie1.2.1465
i. 9ibro#o 1.2. 2:35
. !(Nitraoben0yl ester 1.2 11;5
i. S/)1.2. 1;35
+2+3 O4a*$( a($1 5H61rat#17, 5COOH7
'
'H
'
O
Soluble in water.
1. )a"e about 2 #l. o$ the a&. soluion o$ o%alic acid, add 2 #l o$
,
glacial acetic acid and 2(3 dro!s o$ a&. CaCl
2
solution (white
!!t. insoluble in acetic acid but soluble in dil. HCI
2. 8dd 3 dro!s o$ conc H
2
SO
,
to a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound
in a dry test(tube and war# the contents gently by rotating the
end o$ the tube oer a s#all $la#e and turn the #outh o$ the
tube !eriodically to the $la#e -characteristic blue $la#e o$
carbon #ono%ide..
3. Heat the a&. Sow$ion o$ the co#!ound with acidic '1nO
,
!ur!le colour o$ '1nO
,
is discharged.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 8#ide -di. 1.2,175d
ii. 8nilide -di. 1.2.2,3:
iii. 2()oluidide 1.2.24;:
@
*hite shining cystals, s!aringly soluble in cold water but $airly in
soluble hot water, alcohol ben0ene, acetone. CHCI
3
, and CCAB /u$$!!t.
with neutral a&ueous FeCI3 solution.
D#r$%at$%#&:
-i. 8#ide 1.2. 1265
-ii. 2()oluidide 1.2. 1365
3
1215 /en0oic acid
-iii. 8nilide 1.2. 14,5
+08 A(#t6* &a*$(6*$( a($1 5A&p$r$)7
)a"e :.2 g#. o$ acid and 2#l. o$ dil. NaOH in a test tube. /oil the
contents $or 3 #inutes. Cool, add dil. HCl (white !reci!itate o$ salicylic
acid will be obtained.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. a#ide 1.2. 1365
ii. anilide 1.2 1345
iii. salicylic acid 1.2. 1335
i. 2(Nitroben0y eser 1.2. 1,:5
+98 &:(($)$( a($1, COOH CH
'
CH
'
COOH
Soluble in water, alcohol and acetone S!aringly soluble in ether.
1. 1i% a rice(grain o$ the original co#!ound with double.he
a#ount o$ resorcinol and 2 dro!s o$ cone. H
2
SO
,
. Cently heat
the contents until the #i%ture attains a red brown colour, cool,
ad a $ew dro!s o$ water $ollowed by a&. NaOH till the solution
beco#es al"aline. )a"e out 1 #l. o$ this solution into another
test tube and $ill he later with water -yellow green
$luorescence..
2. 9eriatiesD 8#ides 1.!(24: 5 c < 8nilides(1.2(226 5c
4
O
CH
0
+98(, P*$t!a*$( a($1
1. soluble in hot water and CHCI
3
S!aringly soluble in ether.
2. 1i%. 8 rice grain $or the substance with double the a#ount o$
!henol in a dry test(tube. 8dd 2 dro!s o$ cone. H
2
SO
,
and heat
gently till the #i%ture attains red(brown colour. Cool, add $ew
dro!s o$ water $ollowed by gradual addition o$ a&. NaOH
solution with sha"ing till the solution beco#es al"aline(red
colour due to !henol!hthalein $or#ation< the colour is
discharged on adding as acid.
3. 1i% a rice grain o$ the substance with double the a#ount o$
resorcinol 8dd 2 dro!s o$ conc H
2
SO
,
and heat gently till the
#i%ture attains red brown colour. Cool, add $ew dro!s o$ water
and then s&. NaOH till the solution beco#es al"aline. )a"e out
1 #l. o$ this al"aline solution in another test(tube and $ill u! the
later with water -yellow green $luorescence..
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 8#ide -di. 1.2. 22:5
ii. 8nilide -di. 1.223:5
iii. 2()oluidide -di. 1.2. 2:15
;
O
C
C
O
O
+02 P!t!a*$( a)!61r$1#
1. Insoluble in cold water but dissoles readily in hot water with
deco#!osition. Soluble in ben0ane and alcohol
2. Res!onds tests #entioned under !hthalic acid.
3. Cies $luorescence test
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. *ith 0inc dust and acetic acid gies !hthalide 1.2. ;35
ii. 8#ide 1.2. 1,75
iii. 8nil 1.2. 21:5
i. -8#lic acid 1.2. 1;:5
ALIPHATIC H/DRO./ ACIDS
+22 C$tr$( A($1 HCOOH. CH
'
OH 5COOH7CH
'
COOH, ;<. =t. >2
1. Soluble in water and alcohol but less in ether
2. *ar# a s#all a#ount o$ the acid with conc H
2
SO
,
eolution o$
CO and CO
2
ta"es !lace and the #i%ture turns into yellow
solution without charring. Heat the aboe solution $or one
#inute, cool dilute with water, add sodiu# hydro%ide solution
$ollowed by sodiu# nitro!russide solution intense red colour
changing to iolet on adding CH
3
COOH.
3. *hite crystalline !reci!itate on boiling the neutral solution with
calciu# chloride solution -note that no !!t. is $or#ed in cold.
,. /lue colour with +(na!hthol in concentrated sull!huric acid
3. 2er$or# test -,. #entioned on !
g
1:7(11:.
4. 8nd $ew dro!s o$ 8gNO
3
solution to the a&ueous solution o$ the
co#!ound -a white !!t. in NH
2
OH and "ee! the test tube in
6
boiling water bath -a siler #irror is de!osited on the walls o$
test(tube..
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 8cetyl 1.21135
ii. 8#ide-tri. 1.2 21:5
iii. 8nilide -tri. 1.2.1675
+>2 Tartar$( a($1, HOOC.CH5OH7.CH5OH7.COOH, E<.?t.>8
1. Soluble in water and alcohol, Bess soluble in ether.
2. Charring along with e$$erescences o$ CO and CO
2
on heating
with concentrated sul!huric acid
3. Reduces a##onical siler nitrate solution -see test No. -4. in
citric acid.
,. )o acid solution in water, add one dro! o$ FeSO
,
solution,
sha"e and add one dro! o$ H
2
O
2
solution and then 2 #l. o$
NaOH solution -intense iolet colour..
3. )o acid solution and cobalt nitrate solution $ollowed by e%cess
o$ sodiu# hydro%ide solution no colour in cold, blue colour on
war#ing, again colourless on cooling.
4. Creen colour with +(na!thol in cone. Sul!huric acid the colour
changes to orange on dilution.
;. )a"e 3 #l. o$ neutral solution o$ acid, add 1 #l. o$ a&. CaCl
2
solution and sha"e igorously heay, write crystalline !!t.
soluble on boiling with 1#l. o$ glacial CH
3
COOH..
6. )o the a&ueous solution add 3E solution o$ a##ot#u#
anadate, acidi$y it with dil. CH
3
COOH -orange color..
7. Heat :.2 g#. o$ acid, :.2 g#. o$ resorcinol and 2 #l. o$ cone,
7
H
2
SO
,
in a test tube iolet red colour a!!ears.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 8#ide -di. 12 I735d.
ii. 8nilide -di. 1.2.24,5d.
iii. 8cetyl 1.2. 1245
PHENOLIC ACIDS
m"*. ?t +09. COOH M.P +89 Sa*$(6 *$# a($1.
1. Colourless needle ty!e crystals. S!aringly Soluble in water $or
dissoles in hot water, alcohol, ether and ben0ene.
2. Sha"e a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound with cold water and
then add a dro! o$ neutral a&. $erric chloride solution ( iolet
colour.
3. )a"e a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound in a dry test tube, add
about 1: dro!s o$ #ethyl alcohol and 1: dro!s o$ cone. H
2
SO
,
.
Heat the contents gently, cool and !our these contents into a
dish haing 3 #l. o$ water -odour o$ oil o$ wintergreen -#ethyl
salicylate..
,. 8dd 1 #l. o$ cone. HNO
3
to a s#all a#ount -:.2g#.. o$ the
acid. 2lace the test(tube in a boiling water(bath $or 3 #inutes<
re#oe it and dilute with water. )a"e out 2#l. o$ this yellow i$
1:
OH
COOH
1ol wt 136
and dilute with water. )a"e out 2#l. o$ this yellow solution
-!icric acid. #a"e al"aline with a&. NaOH and add 2 dro!s o$
a##oniu# sul!hide. 2lace the test tube again in a boiling
water(bath $orth #inute -dee! red colour owing to $or#ation o$
al"ali salt o$ !icra#ic acid..
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 8#ide 1.2 375
ii. 8#lide 1.2 13,5
iii. 2()oluidide #.! 1.1345
i. S/) #.! l,45
. 8c!yl#.!. 1335
ALDEH/DES
92 Va)$**$)
Slightly soluble in water. Soluble in organic solents li"e ether,
chloro$or# ben0ene, etc Re to iolet colour with Fecl
3
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 2,, ( 9initro!henylhydra0one #.!. 2;:5
ii. 2henylhydra0one #.! 13:5
11
CHO
CH
3
OH
iii. 2,, 9initro!henylhyda0one #.! 24:5
i. O%i#en #.!. 665
;ETONES
-#)@$*
2ale yellow. Insoluble in water. 2lace a !ellet o$ 'OH in a dry
!orcelain dish laced on a heated *ater bath. Now !lace 2 rice grains o$
the co#!ound on the 'OH !ellet and care$ully !our 1 #l. o$ absolute
alcohol $ro# the side o$ the dish -dee! iolet colour. Fa!orate the
cuntents (to( drynesse(re#oe any undissoled 'OH, and 1 #l o$ cone.
D#r$%at$%#&
i. 9i!henyihydra0one #.! 2235
ii. 2,, 9intro!henylthdra0one -di. #.! 1675
iii. O%i#e -di #.!. 23;5.
i. Se#icarba0one -di. #.! 2,35
/en0oin
Gellow although !ure ben0oin is colourless insoluble in water.
S!aringly soluble in ether. Soluble in alcohol.
12
C
O O
C
C
OH O
C
1. )a"e a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound and add to it 1.#l o$ Fehling>s
solution -e&ual olu#es o$ No.l and No.2. and 1 #l. o$ water /oil the
contents $or 3: seconds ( red !!t. o$ Cu
2
O
2. )a"e about :.3 g#. o$ the original co#!ound in a dry test(tube, add to
it 1.23 #l. o$ conc HNO
3
-8oid large a#ount o$ HNO
3
which #ay
cause nitrating o$ ben0oin.. 2lace the test(tube in boiling water bath
$or about 1: #inutes. Cool add 1:#l, o$ water and sha"e till the red
oil solidi$ies, Filter o$$ !ale yellow !roduce o$ ben0il, wash with cold
water and crystalli0e $ro# alcohol.
CAR-OH/DRATES
+4A. D#4tr"&# 51B*:("&#7, CH
'
OH.5CHOH7
4
.CHO
1. Soluble in water and hot alcohol Insoluble in ben0enes and
ether.
2. Reduces Fehlings solution, )ollens reagent and /ar$oed>s
reagent
3. Cies ra!id $ur$ural test, 2.,2
,. 8!!ly test No -,. #entioned under #altose using twice the
a#ount o$ lead acetate -a sal#on(!in" or rose(!in" colour.
D#r$%at$%#&
i. Osa0one #.! 2:35 $or#ed on wanning $or ,6 #inutes
ii. 2enta(acetate #.! (1125 / (13,5
iii. O%i#e #.! 13;5
13
C.H/DROCAR-ONS
92 Nap!t!a*#)#
*hite shining crystalline solid with characteristic odour. Insoluble
in water but soluble in alcohol, ben0ene and ether. Subli#es readily.
D#r$%at$%#&:
1. Characteristic odour.
2. co#!ound H CHCl
3
H dry 8ICI
3
Creen colour.
i. Na!hthalene !icrate, #.!. 1,75D !lace a s#all a#ount o$
the !owered na!hthalene in a test(tube and dissole it in 1
#l. o$ cold ben0ene. 8dd 2 #l. o$ saturated solution o$
!icric acid in ben0ene and sna"e, $ilter o$$ the !reci!itate<
wash with $ew dro!s o$ cold ben0ene and dry.
ii. O%idation with conc. H
2
SO
,
in !resence o$ HgSO
,
gies
!hthalic acid,#.!.l735.
SIMPLE AMIDES AND IMIDES
D. A(#tam$1#,CH
0
CONH
'
Soluble in water and alcohol< insoluble in either.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 2icrate#.!. 1:;5.
1,
ii. 8nilide#.!.1135.
iii. Ianthyla#ide #.!.2,35.
E. -#)@am$1# C
A
HCONH
'
S!aringly soluble in cold water, soluble in hot water, alcohol and
ben0ene, s!aringly soluble in either.
i. 1i% a s#all a#ount o$ the substance with three ti#es its bul" o$
dry soda li#e. 2lace this #i%ture into an ignition tube and heal(
a better al#ond odour o$ ben0onitrile.
ii. Hydrolysis is ben0oic acid #.!.1215D ta"e :.3 g#. o$ the
co#!ound 1:#l.o$ a&. NaOH and so#e !orcelain !ieces in a
1:: #l. $lac" $itted with a re$le% condenser. Roil -he contents
under re$le% condenser $or 1:#ts. Cool and acidity with cone.
1CI. Cool and $ilter o$$ the !roduct *ash with cold and
crystalli0e $ro# water.
D#r$%at$%#&:
-i. anilide #.!. 14:5
-ii. Ianthyla#ide #.!. 2235
+0' :r#a, H
'
.N.CO.NH
'
1. soluble in water, in e%cess o$ alcohol< insoluble in either.
2. -$:r#t t#&t: Heat then cool the co#!ound and then dissole in
war# a&. NaOH sol. 8dd 1 to 2 dro!s o$ ery ery dil. Solution
o$ CuSO
,
2in" colour changing to iolet and
$inally dee! blue.
3. .a)t! !61r"* t#&t: Co#!ound H 33E CH
3
COOH H 1#l. o$
13
3E solution o$ %anlh(hydrol in #ethyl alcohol the
i##ediate $or#ation o$ !!t. indicates the !resence o$ urea.
,. *ith sodiu# hy!obro#ite solution /ris" e$$erescences
o$ N
2
and CO
2
3. 9issole a s#all a#ount o$ urea in dil. HCB by heating. Cool,
add about 3#l o$ NaNO
2
solution add sha"e. 2ass the a!ours o$
this test ( tube to another tube haing 3 #l o$ baryta water. Now
close the #outh o$ the baryta water tube with thu#b and sha"e
well (baryta water turns #il"y.
4. Jrea nitrate #.!.1435D Heat a s#all a#ount o$ urea with water
until a clear solution is obtained. Cool add 2 #l. o$ cone. HNO
3
and again cool. Filter o$$ the !roduct, wash with cold water and
dry.
D#r$%at$%#&
i. O%alate #.!. 1;15
ii. *ith aniline hydrochloride it $or#s !henyl urea #.!. 1,;5
iii. N,N>(9iacetyl #.! 1325
i. N.N>(9iben0onyl #.! 216(22:5d.
AMINO ACIDS 5ALIPHATIC7
'0' 1G*6#$)#, H
'
N.CH
'
. COOH
1. Soluble in , !arts o$ water, insoluble in alcohol and ether.
2. 8dd one or two dro!s o$ FeCl
3
to the a&ueous solution o$ the
co#!ound( -red colour..
3. 9issole a s#all a#ount o$ the substance in water add to it 2
#l. o$ a&. Co!!er sul!hate solution ( blue colour -ery #uch
dee!er than the a&. CuSO
,
solution..
14
,. )a"e 2 #l. o$ the e&eos solution o$ the co#!ound, add to it 2
dro!s o$ !henol!hthalein solution, 2 dro!s o$ a&. NaOH and 2
(3 #l. o$ neutrali0ed alcohol ( disa!!earance o$ red colour.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 2re!aration o$ ben0oyl deriatie -hi!!uric acid., #.!. 16;5D
2lace 1 g#. o$ the co#!ound, 3 g#. o$ solid NaHCO
3
and about
2: #l water in a 1:: #l $las". Sha"e the contents well and then
add 1.3 #l o$ ben0oyl chloride. Sha"e the uncolored $las"
igorously till the odour o$ ben0oyl chloride disa!!ears. Filter
o$$ Cool, $ilter o$$ the !roduct, wash well with cold water and
dry. *ash the solid !roduct by stirring it with 1:#l. o$ ben0ene
ta"en in a $las". Filter o$$ the !roduct, wash with bene0ene and
crystallise $ro# water.
AMINO PHENOLS
pam$)" p!#)"* M.P +94 C
1. Soluble in e%cess water, s!aringly soluble in ether.
2. 8l"aline solution dar"ens ra!idly in air.
3. 2ur!le colour with FeCl
3
or 8gNO
3
,. 9issole a rice grain o$ the substance in 2: #l. o$ water. )a"e
out nearly 3 #l. o$ this solution and add to it 1 #l. o$ a&. NaOH
1;
NH
2
OH
$ollowed by 1 #l. o$ saturated a&. 2henol solution. Sha"e the
contents(dee! blue colour within 1 #inute.
3. )a"e a s#all a#ount o$ the substance in test and add to it 2 #l.
o$ dichro#ate #i%ture. Heat the contents to boiling -!ungent
odour o$ ben0o&uinone.
4. 9issole a s#all a#ount o$ the substance in 3 #l. o$ dil. HCl
cither on sha"ing or on war#ing. Cool it, add 3 #l. canc.
Sodiu# hy!ochlorite solution -NaOH H Cl
2
water. and sha"e
yellow !!t. -&uinone chloro#ide, #.!. 635..
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 9iacetyl deriatie, #.!. 13:5. )o a s#all a#ount o$ the
substance add 3 #l. o$ acetic anhydride and heat the contents to
boiling $or 1 #inute with occasional sha"ing. Cool, add 3 #l. o$
water and sha"e. Filter o$$ the deriatie, wash with cold water
and dry.
ii. 1onoacetyl #.! 1465
iii. 1onoben0oyl #.! 2145
i. 9iben0oyl #.!. 23,5.
THIOUREAS
M.P +92C T!$":r#a, H
'
N.CS.NH
'
1. Soluble in cold water s!aringly soluble in ether and alcohol.
2. /oil a s#all a#ount o$ the substance with NaOHKNH
3
is
eoled. )o the solution add 3 #l. water and a dro! o$ FeCl
3
-a
blood red colour due to $or#ation o$ $erric thiocyanate is
$or#ed..
3. 9issole a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound by heating with 2 #l.
16
o$ dil. 8cetic acid. )o the hot solution add 2 #l. o$ !otassiu#
Ferro cyanide solution green colour changing to blue.
,. Heat a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound on a s#all $la#e until the
solid #elts. Continue heating $or 3 seconds. 9issole the
residue by sha"ing with 2 #l. o$ water and then add 2 #l. a&.
FeCl
3
. Fill the test(tube with water and sha"e -dee! red
solution..
3. Its solution in NaOH gies blac" !reci!itate with lead acetate.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. On heating with ben0yl chloride in alcohol it gies ben0yliso (
thiourea hydrochloride #.! 1;,5.
ii. Ianthyl#.!. 1345.
iii. )hiourea hydrochloride, #.! 1345.
17
AMINO SULPHONIC ACIDS
2665 d Sul!hanilic acidD
*hite S!aringly soluble in cold ( water but soluble in hot water.
1. 8dd a !inch o$ substance to a solution o$ sodiu# bicarbonate (
e$$erescences o$ carbon, dio%ide are eoled.
2. On dia0otisation $ollowed by cou!ling with al"aline =(na!thol,
it $or#s an orange(red dye.
3. 9issole a s#all a#ount o$ the substance in 2 #l o$ water by
war#ing. )o the hot solution add bro#ine water with sha"ing
until the solution gies the yellow !!t.
,. Heat a s#all a#ount o$ the co#!ound with 2#l o$ !otassiu#
dichro#ate(sul!huric acid #i%ture to boiling -!ungent odour.
3. Heat the co#!ound with soda (,i#e (-characteristic odour.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 2,,,4()ribro#o #.!. 1175.
ii. !(Nitroaniline -obtained by treat#ent with cone. HNO
3
.. 1.2.
1,65.
iii. Sul!hona#ide, #.!. 2::5.
i. Sul!honanilide #.!.2::5. CHO
2:
ALDEH/DES
M.P +>9 -#)@a$1#!61#,
Odour o$ bitter al#ond. S!aringly soluble in water.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. o%i#e #.!. 335.
ii. 2henylhydra0one #.!. 1365
iii. 2,, ( 9initro!henylhydra0one #.!. 21,5
;ETONES
8A A(#t")#, CH
0
COCH
0
.
1iscible with water.
-i. *ith A
2
H NaOH in cold gies iodo$or# #.! 1175.
D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 2henylhydra0one #.!. ,25
ii. 2,, ( 9initro!henylhydra0one #.! 1265.
iii. Se#icarba0one #.!. 16;5.
1.2 6:5 1ethyl ethyl "etone. CH
3
COC
2
H
3
.
1iscible with water.
21
D#r$%at$%#&:
1. 2,,(9initro!henylhydra0one #.!. 1135
2. Se#icarba0one #.!. 1335.
AROMATIC PRIMAR/ AMINES
M.P +90 A)*$)#, C
A
H
8
NH
'
Soluble in 1: ol. o$ cold water but $reely soluble in organic
solents.
1. *ith bleaching !owder it gies !ur!le colour.
2. Fil odour o$ !henylisocyanate on war#ing with ale. 'OH and
CHCl
3

D#r$%at$%#&:
i. 8cetyl 1.2. 1135.
ii. /en0yol 1.2 14:5
iii. )ribro#o #.! 1165
i. 80o ( !( na!hthol< #.!. 1315
22
CUESTIONS
1. *hat is the !rinci!le inoled in the detection aro#aticityL
2. *hich ty!es o$ co#!ounds will gie !ositie reaction with neutral
Ferric chlorideL
3. *hat is carbyla#ine reactionL
,. *hat is dia0oti0ationL *hich co#!ound will undergo dia0otisationL
3. 80o dye test(e%!lainL
4. *hat ha!!ens when #onocarbo%yllic acids are treated with Ferric
chlorideL
;. How will you con$ir# the !resence o$ 9icarbo%ylic acidL
6. How can you detect the !resence o$ unsaturationL
7. Na#e so#e acidic organic co#!ounds.
1:.Na#e so#e basic organic co#!ounds.
11.Na#e so#e neutral organic co#!ounds.
12.Na#e so#e ali!hatic and aro#atic !ri#ary a#ines.
13.How can you distinguish aldehydes $ro# "etonesL
1,.*hat is 1olisch reagentL
13.*hat is )ollen>s reagentL
14.Na#e so#e carbonyl reagents.
1;.Na#e so#e easily o%idi0able co#!ounds.
16.Na#e so#e co#!ounds which can reduce the carbonyl reagents.
17.*hat ha!!ens when aldehydes are o%idi0ed with '1HO
,
L
2:.*hy !henol, na!hthol are acidic in natureL
21.*hy a##onia is basic in natureL
22.*hat ha!!ens i$ an ester is hydrolysedL
23.*hat is esteri$icationL
2,.Con$ir#atory test $or urea
23.Identi$ication tests $or a#ino acid.
23