507 39 Solutions-Instructor-manual Ch13 DRCS

Design of RC Structures Dr. N.
Subramanian

1

Solution Manual for Chapter 13
Exercise 13.1: Effective Length of Column
1. A four storeyed building has plan dimension of 20 m x 30 m with floor to floor height of
3.5 m. Columns are spaced at the interval of 4 m along transverse direction and at the
interval of 6m along longitudinal direction. Size of all columns is 500 mm x 500 mm and
size of all beams is 300 mm x 600 mm. Calculate the effective length of column by
considering M25 grade concrete. Assume uniformly distributed floor load of 40 kN/m
2
.

Fig. 13.44 Building of Exercise 13.1
Solution
Unsupported length of the column
L
x
,

L
y
= 3500 - 600 = 2900 mm
Step 1: Estimate Relative stiffness
(a) Columns- 36 Nos., h
s
= 3.5 m
s c
h I / = 36 x (500 x 500
3
/ 12) / 3500 = 53571.410
3
mm
3

(b) Longitudinal beams- 30 nos, size: 300 x 600 mm, L
b
=6.0 m
b b
L I / = 30 x (300 x 600
3
/ 12) / 6000 = 27,00010
3
mm
3

(b) Transverse beams- 30 nos, size: 300 x 600 mm, L
b
= 4.0 m

b b
L I / = 30 x (300 x 600
3
/ 12) / 4000 = 4050010
3
mm
3

Step 2: Check to decide column is braced or unbraced
Modulus of Elasticity for columns, E
c,col
= 5000 x 25 = 25000 N/mm
2

Contributory axial load to lower storey columns
P
u
= (3020)40 = 24,000 kN
Design of RC Structures Dr. N. Subramanian

2

) / ( 12 ) / ( 12
2 2

+ =
|
|
.
|
\
| A
b b c
s
s c c
s
x
u
u
L I E
h
h I E
h
H

6
3
2
3
2
10 275 . 2
10 27000 25000 12
3500
10 4 . 53571 25000 12
3500

=

+

= mm/N
=
|
|
.
|
\
| A
y
u
u
H
6
3
2
3
2
10 77 . 1
10 40500 25000 12
3500
10 6 . 53571 25000 12
3500

=

+

mm/N
Stability Index:
s u
u u
h H
P
Q

A
=
Longitudinal direction: Q
x
04 . 0 016 . 0
3500
10 275 . 2 1000 24000
6
< =

=

Hence, may be considered braced in this X direction
Transverse direction: Q
x
04 . 0 012 . 0
3500
10 77 . 1 1000 24000
6
< =

=

Hence, the columns may be considered braced in both X and Y directions

Step 3: Determine effective length based on Woods Curves

Buckling about minor axis (Sway in X direction)
=
s c c
h I K / = 2 x (500 x 500
3
/ 12) / 3500 = 2976,190 mm
3

=
b b b
L I K / = 2 x (300 x 600
3
/ 12) / 6000 = 1800,000 mm
3

+
= =
b b s c
s c
L I h I
h I
/ 5 . 0 /
/
2 1
| | = 2976,190/(2976,190 + 0.5 x 1800,000)= 0.768
From Fig. 26 of the code or Eqn. 13.6(a), k
x
= 0.82
Effective Length, L
x
= 0.82 x 2900 = 2378 mm

Note: If the column base is considered as fixed,
2
= 0.0, and
1
= 0.768, Hence k
x
= 0.65

Buckling about major axis (Sway in Y direction)
=
s c c
h I K / = 2 x (500 x 500
3
/ 12) / 3500 = 2976,190 mm
3

=
b b b
L I K / = 2 x (300 x 600
3
/ 12) / 4000 = 2700,000 mm
3

+
= =
b b s c
s c
L I h I
h I
/ 5 . 0 /
/
2 1
| | = 2976,190/(2976,190 + 0.5 x 2700,000) = 0.689
Refer Fig. 26 of IS 456, or Eqn. 13.6(a), k
y
= 0.78
Effective Length = 0.78 x 2900 = 2262 mm

Note: If the column base is considered as fixed,
2
= 0.0, and
1
= 0. 689, Hence k
x
= 0.63


3

Exercise 13.2: Effective Length of Column in a Portal Frame
A single storey single bay portal frame which is pinned at bottom is subjected to an UDL of 250
kN/m. Consider size of frame as 5m x 5m along with size of columns 400 mm x 400 mm and
size of beams as 200 mm x 400 mm. Estimate the effective length of column by considering M20
concrete.

Fig. 13.45 Building of Exercise 13.2

Solution:
Unsupported length of column C1 = 5000 400 = 4600 mm
Relative stiffness estimation
s c
h I / = 2 x (400 x 400
3
/ 12) / 5000 = 853.33 x 10
3
mm
3

b b
L I / = (200 x 400
3
/ 12) / 5000 = 213.33 x 10
3
mm
3

Step 2: Check to find the column is braced or unbraced
E
c
= 5000 20 = 22,360 N/mm
2
( )
5
3
2 2 2
10 735 . 8
10 33 . 213 33 . 853 22360 12
5000
) / ( 12 ) / ( 12

=
+
= + =
A
b b c
s
s c c
s
u
u
L I E
h
h I E
h
H
mm/N
P
u
= 1.5 (250 x 5) = 1875 kN
Stability Index
04 . 0 036 . 0
4600
10 735 . 8 1000 1875
5
< =

=
A
=

s u
u u
h H
P
Q
Hence the frame can be considered as braced

+
=
b b s c
s c
L I h I
h I
/ 5 . 0 /
/
1
| = 889 . 0
33 . 213 5 . 0 33 . 853
33 . 853
=
+

As the column base is hinged,
2
= 1.0

From Woods curves for column without sway (see Fig. 26 of IS 456)
Effective Length = 0.95 x 4600 = 4370 mm
Note: The same value of k can be obtained by using Eqn. 13.6(a)
95 . 0
889 . 0 1 247 . 0 ) 889 . 0 1 ( 364 . 0 2
889 . 0 1 265 . 0 ) 889 . 0 1 ( 145 . 0 1
247 . 0 ) ( 364 . 0 2
265 . 0 ) ( 145 . 0 1
2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1
=
+
+ +
=
+
+ +
=
| | | |
| | | |
k


4

Exercise 13.3: Design of Square Column

A column of height 1.5 m, is pinned at bottom and effectively restrained against rotation but not
held in position at top. It is subjected to a factored axial load of 2500 kN under the combination
of Dead Load and Live Load. Design the column, if using M30 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Solution:
Step 1: Size of Column
Factored Load = 2500 kN
Assuming
g sc g
A A / =
=2%,
Using Eqn. 13.36,
496 , 142
) 100 / 2 415 67 . 1 30 ( 4 . 0
1000 2500
) 67 . 1 ( 4 . 0
=
+

=
+
=
g y ck
u
c
f f
P
A
mm
2
Assuming a square column, Size of column = 142496 = 378 mm;
Adopt 400 mm square column

Step 2: Determine Column is Short or Long Column

Boundary condition for Columns
Bottom: Pinned
Top: Effectively restrained against rotation but not held in position

Refer Table 13.1(Table 28 of IS 456)
Effective length factor, k = 2.0
Effective length of column, L
e
= k x L = 2.0 x 1.50 = 3.0 m
Ratio: L
e
/ least lateral dimension = 3.0 / 0.4 = 7.5 < 12
Hence, the column can be classified as a short column

Step 3: Minimum eccentricity (clause 25.4 0f IS 456)
Min. e = (L / 500) + (b / 30) = (1500 / 500) + (400 / 30) = 16.33 mm < 20 mm
0.05 x b = 0.05 x 400 = 20
Hence, formula for the short column capacity suggested by IS 456:2000 can be used.

Step 4: Estimation of Longitudinal Reinforcement
Minimum reinforcement (clause26.5.3.1) = (0.8 / 100) x 400 x 400 = 1280 mm
2
As per clause 39.3 of IS 456,
sc y c ck u
A f A f P 67 . 0 4 . 0 + =
Substituting the values, we get
sc
A + = 415 67 . 0 400 400 30 4 . 0 1000 2500
Solving, we get, A
sc
= 2086 mm
2
> 1280 mm
2
Hence provide 4 numbers 16 mm and 4 numbers 20 mm bars.
Area provided = 2060 mm
2
2086 mm
2

Provided percentage of reinforcement = % 29 . 1 100 ) 400 400 /( 2060 = < 4%
Hence the selected area is within limits.

5

Step 5: Estimation of Transverse Reinforcement
Diameter of transverse reinforcement [clause 26.5.3.2(c)-(2)]
Criteria 1: Diameter of longitudinal bar / 4 = 20 / 4 = 5 mm
Criteria 2: 6 mm
Adopt a diameter of 8 mm for the transverse reinforcement

Spacing of transverse reinforcement [clause 26.5.3.2(c)-(1)]
Criteria 1: Least lateral dimension of column = 400 mm
Criteria 2: 16 x Diameter of smallest longitudinal bar = 16 x 16 = 256 mm
Criteria 3: 300 mm
Hence, provide transverse reinforcement of 8 mm bars at 250 mm c/c
Step 6: Reinforcement Detailing
Adopt the column as shown in Fig. 13.46, with 40 mm cover to reinforcement.

Fig. 13.46 Reinforcement details for column of Exercise 13.3

Exercise 13.4
Design a column subjected to an axial load of 3000 kN under Dead Load and Live Load case.
The column is braced against side sway in one direction, and fixed at bottom and free at top in
the other direction. Unsupported length of column is 2.0 m. Use M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Solution:
Factored axial load of column under DL +LL = 3000 kN
Assuming
g sc g
A A / =
=2.0%,
Using Eqn. 13.36,
996 , 192
) 100 / 0 . 2 415 67 . 1 25 ( 4 . 0
1000 3000
) 67 . 1 ( 4 . 0
=
+

=
+
=
g y ck
u
c
f f
P
A
mm
2
Assuming a square column, Size of column = 192,996 = 439 mm; Adopt 450 mm


Bottom: Fixed
Top: Free at top

6

e
= k x L = 2.0 x 2.0 = 4.0 m
Ratio: L
e
/ least lateral dimension = 4.0 / 0.45 = 8.89 < 12
Hence, the column can be classified as a short column

Step 3: Minimum eccentricity (clause 25.4 0f IS 456)
Min. e = (L / 500) + (b / 30) = (2000 / 500) + (450 / 30) = 19 mm < 20 mm
0.05 x b = 0.05 x 550 = 27.5
Hence, the formula for the short column capacity suggested by IS 456:2000 can be used.

Minimum reinforcement (clause26.5.3.1) = (0.8 / 100) x 450 x 450 = 1620 mm
2
As per clause 39.3 of IS 456,
sc y c ck u
A f A f P 67 . 0 4 . 0 + =
Substituting the values, we get
sc
A + = 415 67 . 0 450 450 25 4 . 0 1000 3000
Solving, we get, A
sc
= 3506 mm
2
> 1620 mm
2
Hence provide 4 numbers 28 mm and 4 numbers 20 mm bars.
2
> 3506 mm
2

Provided percentage of reinforcement = % 84 . 1 100 ) 450 450 /( 3719 = < 4%
Hence the selected area is within limits.

Criteria 1: Diameter of longitudinal bar / 4 = 28 / 4 = 7 mm
Criteria 2: 6 mm
Adopt a diameter of 8 mm for the transverse reinforcement

Criteria 3: 300 mm

Adopt the column as shown in Fig. 13.47, with 40 mm cover to reinforcement.

7


Exercise 13.5: Design of Rectangular column
A short rectangular column having effective length of 3 m carries factored axial compressive
load of 2000 kN. Architectural requirements dictate the column size as 600 mm by 450 mm.
Design the column using M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Solution:
Self weight of column = (0.45 x 0.6) x 3.0 x 25 = 20.25 kN
Assume
g sc g
A A / =
=2%,
Using Eqn. 13.36,
950 , 129
) 100 / 2 415 67 . 1 25 ( 4 . 0
1000 2020
) 67 . 1 ( 4 . 0
=
+

=
+
=
g y ck
u
c
f f
P
A
mm
2
A size of 300 mm x 450 mm (area = 135,000 mm
2
) is sufficient. However for architectural
reasons, provide column of size 600 mm by 450 mm.

Assuming that the column is braced, effective length factor, k, may be taken equal to 1.00.
Ratio: L
x
/ b = 3.0 / 0.45 = 6.67 < 12
L
y
/ D = 3.0 / 0.60 = 5.0 < 12
Hence, the column can be classified as Short Column

Step 3: Check for Minimum Eccentricity
0.05 b = 0.05 x 450 = 22.5 mm
0.05 D = 0.05 x 600 = 30.0 mm
e
x,min
= (L
x
/ 500) + (b / 30) = (3000 / 500) + (450 / 30) = 21.0 mm < 22.5 mm
e
y,min
= (L
y
/ 500) + (D / 30) = (3000 / 500) + (600 / 30) = 26.0 mm < 30.0 mm
Hence, formula for short column capacity suggested by IS 456:2000 can be used.

2000 x 10
3
= [0.40 x 25 x 450 x 600] + [0.67 x 415 x A
sc
]


8

2000 x 10
3
= 2700 x 10
3
+ 278.05 x A
sc

From the above, we see that the concrete itself is sufficient to take the load and we need to
provide only minimum reinforcement.

Minimum reinforcement (clause 26.5.3.1(b) of IS 456) = (0.8 / 100) x 450 x 300 = 1080 mm
2

Provide 10 numbers 12 mm bars, as shown in Fig. 13.48.
2
> 1080 mm
2

Criteria 1: Diameter of largest longitudinal bar / 4 = 12 / 4 = 3 mm
Criteria 2: 6 mm
Provide transverse reinforcement of diameter 8 mm

Criteria 3: 300mm
Provide the steel bars as shown in Fig. 13.48 with 40 mm cover to reinforcement.


Exercise 13.6: Design of Circular Column
Design a spiral column subjected to an unfactored load of 2000 kN. Effective length of column is
3 m. Use M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Solution:
Factored Load = 1.5 x 2000 = 3000 kN
Adding 1% as the weight of column, Total load = 1.01 x 3000 = 3030 kN

9

Assuming
g sc g
A A / =
=2%,
Using Eqn. 13.36,
926 , 194
) 100 / 2 415 67 . 1 25 ( 4 . 0
1000 3030
) 67 . 1 ( 4 . 0
=
+

=
+
=
g y ck
u
c
f f
P
A
mm
2
Diameter of column =
t
4 194926
=498 mm; Adopt D =500 mm

Step 2: Check Short Column or Long Column (Refer Table 28, IS 456: 2000)
Ratio: L / D = 3.0/ 0.5 = 6.0 < 12
Hence, the column can be classified as short column.
Step 3: Minimum eccentricity
0.05 D = 0.05 x 500 = 25.0 mm
e
min
= (L / 500) + (D / 30) = (3000 / 500) + (500 / 30) = 22.67 mm < 25.00 mm

3030 x 1000 = 1.05 { [0.4 x 25 x (/4) x 500 x 500] + [0.67 x 415 x A
sc
] }
Area of reinforcement, A
sc
= 2322 mm
2

Minimum reinforcement = (0.8 / 100) x (/4) x 500 x 500 = 1571 mm
2

Required reinforcement = max (2322, 1571) = 2322 mm
2

Hence, provide 8 numbers of 20 mm bars. Area provided = 2513 mm
2

Step 5: Estimation of Spiral Reinforcement
Assume 6 mm diameter of spiral reinforcement, 40 mm clear cover and pitch equal to s
Core diameter = 500 40 x 2
= 420 mm
Ratio of volume of spiral reinforcement to volume of core per unit length of column is given by
( )
s
s
s
2654 . 0
4 / 420
6 420
4
6
2
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
t
t

As per Clause 39.4.1, IS 456: 2000
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
>
y
ck
c
g
s
f
f
A
A
1 36 . 0
Thus
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
>
415
25
1
4 / 420
4 / 500
36 . 0
2654 . 0
2
2
t
t
s
, or s 29.33 mm
Limits on pitch as per Clause 26.5.3.2(d) of IS 456:2000
Maximum spacing: Criteria 1: 75 mm

10

Criteria 2: core dia/6 = 420 / 6 = 70 mm
Minimum spacing: Criteria 1: 25 mm
Criteria 2: 3 x dia. of bar = 3 x 6 = 18 mm
As per clause 26.5.3.2 (c)-(2): Diameter should be greater than largest longitudinal bar
diameter/4 (20/4 = 5 mm) or 6 mm
Provide 6 mm diameter spiral at 25 mm c/c pitch.
Provide the main bars and spirals as shown in Fig. 13.49 with 40 mm cover to reinforcement.

Exercise 13.7
A circular column is subjected to a factored load of 2500 kN. Effective length of column is 2.5
m. Use M50 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Solution:

Adding 1% as the weight of column, Total load = 1.01 x 2500 = 2525 kN
Assuming
g sc g
A A / =
=2%,
Using Eqn. 13.36,
847 , 98
) 100 / 2 415 67 . 1 50 ( 4 . 0
1000 2525
) 67 . 1 ( 4 . 0
=
+

=
+
=
g y ck
u
c
f f
P
A
mm
2
Diameter of column =
t
4 847 , 98
=355 mm; Adopt D =375 mm


11

Ratio: L / D = 2.5/ 0.375 = 6.67 < 12

Step 3: Minimum eccentricity
0.05 D = 0.05 x 375 = 18.75 mm
e
min
= (L / 500) + (D / 30) = (2500 / 500) + (375 / 30) = 17.5 mm < 18.75 mm

Step 4: Design Longitudinal Reinforcement
2525 x 1000 = 1.05 { [0.4 x 50 x (/4) x 375 x 375] + [0.67 x 415 x A
sc
] }
Area of reinforcement, A
sc
= 704 mm
2

Minimum reinforcement = (0.8 / 100) x (/4) x 375 x 375 = 884 mm
2

Required reinforcement = max (704, 884) = 884 mm
2

Hence, provide 6 numbers of 16 mm bars. Area provided = 1206 mm
2

(Note: A minimum of 6 bars should be provided in circular columns)

Step 5: Design Spiral Reinforcement
Assume 8 mm diameter of spiral reinforcement of grade Fe 415 , 40 mm clear cover and pitch
equal to s
Core diameter = 375 40 x 2 = 295 mm
( )
s
s
s
663 . 0
4 / 295
8 295
4
8
2
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
t
t

As per Clause 39.4.1, IS 456: 2000
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
>
y
ck
c
g
s
f
f
A
A
1 36 . 0
Thus
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
>
415
50
1
4 / 295
4 / 375
36 . 0
663 . 0
2
2
t
t
s
, or s 25 mm

12

Provide 8 mm diameter spiral at 25 mm c/c pitch.
Provide the main bars and spirals as shown in Fig. 13.50 with 40 mm cover to reinforcement.


Exercise 13.8
A short circular column of diameter 500 mm and height 4 m is hinged at top and bottom. It is
reinforced with 6 numbers 20 HYSD bars and has 6 mm MS spiral at 25 mm pitch. Assuming
M25 concrete and Fe 415 steel estimate the capacity of the column. Check whether it can
support a factored axial force of 2450 kN.

Solution:
Bottom: hinged
Top: hinged
e
= k x L = 1.0 x 4.0 = 4.0 m

Ratio: L / D = 4.0/ 0.5 = 8.0 < 12

Step 2: Check for Spiral Reinforcement
Diameter of spiral reinforcement of grade Fe 415 = 6mm, pitch = 25 mm.
Assuming 40 mm clear cover

13

Core diameter = 500 40 x 2 = 420 mm
( )
0106 . 0
4 / 420
25
6 420
4
6
2
2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
t
t
t
s

As per Clause 39.4.1, IS 456: 2000
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
>
y
ck
c
g
s
f
f
A
A
1 36 . 0
Thus
009 . 0
415
25
1
4 / 420
4 / 500
36 . 0 0106 . 0
2
2
=
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
|
\
|
>
t
t

Hence the diameter and pitch satisfy all the criteria given in IS 456.

Step 3: Determine Capacity of Column
A
sc
= 6 x 314 = 1884 mm
2

As per 39.4 of IS 456, Nominal capacity of the circular column
)
[ (
) ]
=7063 KN > 2450 kN

Hence the column is safe to carry the prescribed load.

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Design of RC Structures Dr. N.

=7063 KN > 2450 kN

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