METROLOGY AND

MEASUREMENTS LAB MANUAL

ME 2308
V SEMESTER
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
RAJALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
THANDALAM, CHENNAI - 602 105
INDEX
E!
N"
N#$% "& '(% E)%*+$%,' -#.% N"!
CYCLE I
1
Calibration of precision measuring instruments like Vernier Caliper,
Micro Meter and Dial Gauge
3
2.a. Measurement of dimensions of a given specimen using slip gauge
5
b. Cecking of s!uareness of tri s!uare using slip gauge "
3.a. Measurement of gear parameters using gear toot vernier #
b.
Measurement of fundamental dimensions of a gear specimen using
contour pro$ector
1%
& Measurement of taper angle using profile pro$ector 11
5.a. Measurement of bore diameter b' t(o spere metod 12
b.
Measurement of radii of curvature of curved specimens using
c'lindrical bars, dept gauge and vernier eigt gauge
13
".a. Measurement of taper angle using sine bar and slip gauge 15
b. Measurement of angle using vernier bevel protractor 1)
) Measurement of vibration parameters using vibration set up 1#
CYCLE II
# Measurement of displacement using *VD+ 2%
,
Measurement of dimensions of a given specimen using +ool makers
Microscope
21
1%
Measurement of straigtness and flatness using t(o a-is auto
collimator
22
11
Measurement of tread parameters using floating carriage
micrometer
2&
12 +or!ue Measurement 2"
13 .orce Measurement 2#
1& +emperature Measurement 2,
2
1! CALIBRATION O/ -RECISION MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS
A+$0
+o stud' and calibrate te precision measuring instruments like Vernier caliper,
Micrometer, and Dial gauge.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
/urface plate, Vernier caliper, Micrometer, Dial gauge, and /lip gauges.
S)%5+&+5#'+",0
Vernier caliper 0ange1 *. C1
Micrometer 0ange1 *. C1
Dial gauge 0ange1 *. C1
S'1460
1!7 V%*,+%* 5#8+)%*0
+e Vernier caliper as one 2*3 saped frame (it a fi-ed $a( on (ic Vernier
scale is attaced. +e principle of Vernier is tat (en t(o scale divisions sligtl'
different in si4es can be used to measure te lengt ver' accuratel'.
*east Count is te smallest lengt tat can be measured accuratel' and is e!ual to
te difference bet(een a main scale division and a Vernier scale division.
*56/+ C789+ : 1 Main scale division ; 1 Vernier scale division
U2%20
<t is used to measure te e-ternal diameter, te internal diameter and te lengt of
te given specimen.
2!7 M+5*"$%'%*0
+e micrometer as an accurate scre( aving about 1% to 2% treads=cm and
revolves in a fi-ed nut. +e end of te scre( is one tip and te oter is constructed b' a
stationar' anvil.

*56/+ C789+ : >itc scale division = 9umber of treads
>itc scale division : Distance moved = number of rotation
U2%20
7utside micrometer is used to measure te diameter of solid c'linder.
<nside micrometer is used to measure te internal diameters of ollo( c'linders
and speres.
3!7 D+#8 .#1.%0

3
+e dial gauge as got 2 ands. +e sort and reads in mm. 7ne complete
revolution of long and reads one mm. +e plunger of te dial gauge as to be placed on
te surface (ose dimension as to be read.
*east Count : 7ne division of te circular scale (it long and.
U2%20
<t is used as a mecanical comparator.
9!7 S8+) .#1.%20
+e' are rectangular blocks ardened and carefull' stabili4ed. +e surfaces are
igl' polised to enance (ringing. <t is used as a reference standard for transferring te
dimensions of unit of lengt from primar' standard. <t is generall' made up of ig
carbon, ig cromium ardened steel.
U2%20
+ese are accurate and used as comparator.
5!7 S1*&#5% )8#'%0
+e foundation of all geometric accurac' and indeed of all dimensional
measurement in (orksop is surface plate. <t is a flat smoot surface sometimes (it
leveling scre(s at te bottom.
U2%20
<t is used as a base in all measurements.
-*"5%41*% /"* C#8+:*#'+",0
1.? +e range of te instruments is noted do(n.
2.? @itin tat range, slip gauges are selected.
3.? +e measuring instrument is placed on te surface plate and set for 4ero and te
slip gauges are placed one b' one bet(een te measuring points A$a(s of te
instruments.?
&.? +e slip gauge Aactual? readings and te corresponding Aobserved? readings in te
measuring instruments are noted do(n and tabulated.
/.9o
/lip
Gauge
0eading
;
A6ctual?
<n mm
>recision Measuring <nstruments 0eading A7bservedl? in mm
Vernier Caliper Micro Meter Dial Gauge
M/0
Amm?
V/0
Adiv?
+0
Amm?
5rror
Amm?
>/0
Amm?
B/0
Adiv?
+0
Amm?
5rror
Amm?
/B0
Amm?
*B0
Adiv?
+0
Amm?
5rror
Amm?
1
2
.
.
1%
R%218'0
+e precision measuring instruments are studied and calibrated.
&
Calibration graps are ten dra(n for all measuring instruments bet(een
1.? 6ctual value and 7bserved value.
2.? 6ctual value and 6bsolute error.
2;#7! MEASUREMENT O/ DIMENSIONS O/ A GIVEN
S-ECIMEN USING SLI- GAUGE
A+$0

+o Ceck te Various Dimensions of a >art 8sing /lip Gauge
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
.
/urface >late, Dial Gauge @it /tand, /lip Gauge, >artA/pecimen?
S)%5+&+5#'+",0
Dial Gauge 1 0ange1CCCCCCC *.C. 1CCCCCCCCmm
-*"5%41*%0
1. +e part (ose dimensions are to be measured is placed on te surface plate.
2. +e spindle of te dial gauge is placed over te part and dial gauge is fi-ed on
te stand suc tat te sort and long andoff te dial gauge so(s 4ero
readings.
3. +en te part is removed and te slip gauges are placed one over anoter on
te surface plate belo( te spindle of te dial gauge until te ands of te dial
gauge deflect from 4ero reading.
&. +is ensures tat te dimensions acieved b' slip gauges and te part is same.
5. +e re!uired dimensions of te part is measured b' finding out te total
Beigt A+ickness? of te slip gauges.

". +rial readings are noted do(n for various initial setup levels of te dial gauge
7n te stand.
R%218'0
+e various dimensions of te given >art measured are1
6 1 CCCCCCCCCCmm
D 1 CCCCCCCCCCmm
C 1 CCCCCCCCCCmm
5
2;:7! CHECKING THE S<UAREESS O/ TRY S<UARE USING SLI- GAUGE
A+$0
+o test te s!uare ness of te given tr'E s!uare.
I,2'*1$%,'2 R%31+*%40
/urface plate, 6ngle plate, +r' /!uare, /lip Gauge, Vernier Beigt Gauge
S)%5+&+5#'+",0
+r' s!uare 1 %E15 Cm
Vernier Beigt Gauge1 %E3% Cm
*east Count 1 %.%2 mm
/"*$18#0
Deviated angle from s!uare ness
F : tan
E1
+
2
E +
1
EEEEEEEEE in
Degree
B
2
E B
1

@ere, +
1
G +
2
are tickness of te slip gauges and bottom and top levels resp.in mm
B
1
G B
2
are te eigt level of te slip gauges and bottom and top levels resp.in
mm
-*"5%41*%0
1. +e given tr' s!uare and angle plate are placed on te surface as so(n.
2. 6t bot ends of angle plate, slip gauge are rung so tat te' pro$ect to e!ual
tickness.
3. <f tr' s!uare is (it s!uare ness, ten its vertical limp (it coEline (it bot
sets of slip gauges.
&. <f tere is an' error in s!uare ness, ten vertical limp (ill not touc an' one
set of te slip gauge.
5. <f so, ten tickness of set slip gauges is increased= decreased so tat tr'
s!uare is perfectl' aligned.
". +en tickness of slip gauge is measured t
1
and t
2
.
). +e eigt level of te set of slip gauge are measured using Vernier eigt
gauges 1 and 2.
#. +is procedure is repeated for different eigt level of te set of slip gauge.
"
/l.no +ickness
at top t
1
Amm?
+ickness
at Dottom
t
2
Amm?
Differenc
e t
2
E t
1
Amm?
Beigt
of
Dottom

1
Amm?
Beigt
of top
2
Amm?
Differenc
e
2
E
1
Amm?
F
in Deg
1
2
3
&
5
R%218'0
+us s!uare ness of tr' s!uare is tested.
)
3;#7! MEASUREMENT O/ GEAR -ARAMETERS USING GEAR TOOTH
VERNIER
A+$0
+o measure gear parameter b' gear toot Vernier.
A))#*#'12 *%31+*%40
Gear toot Vernier, Gear specimen.
S)%5+&+5#'+",0
Gear toot Vernier1 0ange : Bori4ontal :%E&% mm
Vertical : %E2% mm
*.C : %.%2 mm
/"*$18#0
1! @ : 9M sin A,%=9?
2. d : 9M
EEEEEEEEE
? = ,% cosA = 2 1 N N +
2
3. m : D
EEEEEEEEEEEEE
A9H2?
@ere @ : Cordal (idt of toot in mm
D : Cordal addendum of gear in mm
M : Module of gear in mm
9 : 97. 7f teet
D : out side Dia in gear in mm
-*"5%41*%0
1. +e 9, D of te given gear block are measured.
2. +e module m3 it ten calculated.
#
3. +eoretical values of 2@3 and3d3 are computed.
&. +eoretical values of 2@3 is set in ori4ontal Vernier scale of gear toot
Vernier and corresponding actual 2d3 value scale.
5. +eoretical values of 2c3 is set and 2@3 is measured along
Bori4ontal scale.
". +is procedure is repeated for 5 teet and value tabulated.
7utside Diameter of Gear
+0<6* 78+ /<D5 D<6M5+50 2D3 mm
1
2
3
&
5
Measurement of 6ddendum and Cordal @idt
+rial Cordal addendum3 d3 mm Cordal (idt 2(3 mm
6ctual . +eoretical 6ctual +eoretical
1
2
3
&
5
"
)
R%218'0
+us te cordal tickness and addendum of gear are measured using gear toot
Vernier.
,
+e actual values are @ :
D :
3;:7! MEASUREMENT O/ /UNDAMENTAL DIMENSIONS O/ A GEAR
S-ECIMEN USING CONTOUR -ROJECTOR
A+$0
+o measure te fundamental dimensions of a gear using contour Aprofile?
pro$ector.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
Contour pro$ector
Gear specimen
Vernier caliper.
S)%5+&+5#'+",20
Contour pro$ector1 Magnification accurac' for contour : I %.1 J
Micrometer ead1 % ; 25 mm. *.C1 %.%1mm.
Contour illuminator1 15%=25% @ Balogen.
Magnification1 1%K, 2%K, 5%K lenses.
Vernier caliper1 0ange1 *.C1
/"*$18#%0
m : D= A9H2? in mm
@ere, m : module of fear in mm.
D : outside diameter in mm.
9 : 9o. of teet.
dp : pitc circle diameter.
6ddendum : 1m.
Dp : AD=2? ; 6ddendum.
)*"5%41*%0
1. +e re!uired magnification adapter is fi-ed in te contour pro$ector.
2. +e gear Aspecimen? is placed on te glass plate perfectl' perpendicular to te
lens tube and perfectl' focused on te screen.
3. +e illumination can be improved b' ad$usting te eigt of te condenser
lens b' sifting te knurled knob (it provided at te lamp assembl' (it a
elical cut.
&. +e profile Acontour? of te gear specimen is traced on a tracing paper fi-ed
on te screen using pencil.
5. +en te addendum and te pitc circle are marked on te image using te
teoretical values.
". 6gain, te image is fi-ed on te screen and te oter dimensions are measured
using te table micrometers fi-ed on te table on te contour pro$ector.
R%218'0
+e measured gear parameters using contour pro$ector are1
1%
6ddendum : CCCCCC mm >itc : CCCCCCCCmm
Dedendum : CCCCCC mm Ma$or Dia : CCCCCCCmm
Cordal (idt : CCCCCCmm Minor Dia : CCCCCCCCmm
>itc circle Dia : CCCCCCmm.
9! MEASURMENT O/ TA-ER ANGLE USING -RO/ILE -ROJECTOR
A+$0
+o measure taper angle and oter dimension of a given flat specimen using profile
pro$ector.
A))#*#'12 *%31+*%40
Contour pro$ector and flat specimen.
S)%5+&+5#'+",0
Contour pro$ector magnification accurac' : I%.1J
Micrometer Bead : %E25 mm *.C:%.1 mm
Colour illuminator : 15%=25% @ Balogen
Magnification : 1%-, 2%-, 5%- lenses
-*"5%41*%0
1. +e re!uired Magnification adapter is fi-ed in te center pro$ector.
2. +e flat specimen is placed on te glass plate and perfectl' focused on te
screen.
3. +e profile of specimen is traced on a tracing paper is fi-ed on te screen
using pencil.
&. +en te angle bet(een te t(o reference surface and dimension are
measured using table micrometer and te 0ota table screen circular scale and
are tabulated
/l.no 6ngle Circular /cale
reading
+aper
6ngle
Deg
/ide +able
Micrometer
reading
Dimension
mm
<nitial .inal <nitial .inal
1
L 6
2
M D
3
N C
R%218'0
11
+us te taper angle and oter dimension of te given flat specimen is measured
5;#7! MEASUREMENT O/ BORE DIAMETER BY T=O S-HERES METHOD
A+$0
+o measure te bore diameter using t(o speres.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
/peres
Beigt gauge
S)%5+&+5#'+",20
Beigt gauge1
0ange1CCCCCCmm *.C1CCCCCCmm
/"*$18#0
Dore diameter db : Ad1Hd2?=2 H O Ad1Hd2?E
2
P
1=2
@ere d1: diameter of spere 1
d2: diameter of spere 2
: eigt from te surface plate to top point of te upper spere.
-*"5%41*%0
1. Bere (e use t(o speres of same or different diameter d1 and d2.
2. +e t(o speres are placed inside te given bore so tat one spere stands
above te oter and te contact bet(een te bore and te spere are also
ensured.
3. +e eigt 23 from te surface plate level to te top point of iger spere is
measured b' using eigt gauge.
&. +e bore diameter is calculated b' using te above formula.
5. Do a model calculation for te calculation for bore diameter.
D+#$%'%* "& 2)(%*% 10-- D+#$%'%* "& 2)(%*% 20--
/l.no Vernier caliper 0eading
1
2
3
M%#21*%$%,' "& B"*% 4+#$%'%*0
/l.no Vernier Beigt Gauge
reading Amm?
Dore diameter
1
2
/l.no Vernier caliper 0eading
1
2
3
12
3
R%218'0
+us te bore diameter is measured b' using t(o speres.
+e bore diameter of te given specimen is CCCCCCCCCCmm.
5;:7! MEASUREMENT O/ RADIUS O/ CURVATURE O/ CURVED S-ECIMEN
A+$0
+o determine radius of curvature of curved specimen c'lindrical bars,
dept gauge and vernier eigt gauge.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
Vernier Caliper, circular surface, concave surface, blunt corner,
/upporting press, Beigt gauge, Dept gauge, Dept Micrometer, Circular rod.
/"*$18#0
1! &"* 5+*518#* 21*&#5%0
0 : Al E d?
2
EEEEEEEEEEE
#d
@ere, d : diameter of circular rod
l : lengt of disc bet(een 2 rods.
R#4+12 "& 51*>#'1*% "& 5+*518#* 21*&#5%1
/l.no Dimension Vernier Caliper 0eading Amm?
1
Diameter Ad?
2
*engt Al?
2! /"* :81,' 21*&#5%0
@ere, 0 : 0adius of curvature of blunt surface.
B : eigt of blunt surface plate
d : diameter of circular rod
B : eigt of blunt surface (it rod.
R#4+12 "& 51*>#'1*% "& :81,' 21*&#5%1
13
/l.no Dimension M/0 mm V/0 mm +otal
0eadingAmm?
1 Beigt AB?
2 Beigt A?
3 Dia of circular
rod
3!/"* 51*>%4 21*&#5%0
@ere, 0 : 0adius of curvature of concave surface
d : diameter of circular rod
: dept micrometer reading.
R#4+12 "& 51*>#'1*% "& 5",5#>% 21*&#5%1
/l.no Dimension M/0 mm V/0 mm +otal
0eadingAmm?
1 Beigt AB?
2 Dimension Ad?
-*"5%41*%0
1. .or circular surface is taken and re!uired setup in te arranged.
2. +e diameter of roller is measured using Vernier caliper and lengt 2l3
measured
3. /imilarl', te blunt surface is also setup as so( and re!uired valve of
eigt of te blunt surface 23 eigt 2B3and te radius of blunt surface
203is also noted.
&. +e curved surface is arranged as so( and diametrer3d3 is measured
using Vernier caliper and te eigt 23 measured using micrometer
R%218'0
+e radius of curvature for te follo(ing specimen is found.
1&
6;#7! TA-ER ANGLE MEASUREMENT USING SINE BAR AND SLI- GAUGE
A+$0
+o measure te taper angle of te given specimen using sine bar
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
/urface plate, Dial gauge (it stand, /ine bar, /lip gauge, Devel protractor G
specimen.
S)%5+&+5#'+",0
/ine bar 1 0ange1
/"*$18#0
+aper angle 2F3 : /inE1 A=l? in degrees
@ere, : te total eigt Atickness? of te slip gauges in mm
l : te standard lengt of te sine bar in mm : 2%%mm
-*"5%41*%0
1. +e taper angle of te specimen is first found out appro-imatel' (it te elp of a
bevel protractor.
2. +e sine bar is set at tis angle on te surface plate (it te elp of te slip
gauges as so(n in te figure.
3. +e specimen is placed on te sine bar so tat its top taper surface is parallel to
te surface plate.
&. +e parallelism is cecked and ad$usted b' increasing or decreasing te eigt
level of te slip gauges, so tat tere sould be no deflection in te long and of
te digital gauge (en te spindle of te dial gauge is moved over te specimen
surface.
5. +e total eigt Atickness? of te slip gauges is noted do(n.
". +rial readings are taken b' placing te specimen at different points of te sine bar
surface.
/"* S$#88 S)%5+$%,0
+rial +otal eigt of te slip
gauge 0eading Amm?
1
15
/"* L#*.% S)%5+$%,0
+rial
1
Amm?
2
Amm?
2
E
1
Amm?
1
2
3
R%218'0
+e taper angle of te given specimen is
a. 8sing bevel protractor :CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC degrees
b. 8sing sine bar :CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC degrees
1"
6;:7! MEASUREMENT O/ ANGLE USING VERNIER BEVEL -ROTRACTOR
A+$0
+o measure te angles of given specimen using bevel protractor.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
/urface >late, Dial Gauge, /lip Gauge, Devel protractor, specimen
-*"5%41*%0
1. <nitiall' bevel protractor is ad$usted as per re!uirements.
2. /pecimen is placed bet(een te blades.
3. 0eading noted directl' from main scale and Vernier scale
&. .or measuring, taper angle of sine bar, protractor is fi-ed to eigt
gauge.
5. +e protractor is corresponding ad$usted.
". 9oted reading is tabulated.
R%218'0
+us angle of given specimens (as determined.
1)
?! MEASUREMENT O/ VIBRATION -ARAMETERS USING
VIBRATION SET U-
A+$0
+o stud' te various parameters involved in te vibrations of a given s'stem.
+o plot te caracteristic curves of te given specimen
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
Vibration e-citer
Vibration pickEup
Vibration anal'4er
>o(er amplifier
7scillator
D%25*+)'+",0
+e mecanical vibration, if not (itin limits ma' cause damage to te materials,
structures associated (it it.
Vibration e-citer is an electrod'namic device. <t consists of a po(erful magnet
placed centrall' surrounding (ic is suspended te e-citer coil. +is assembl' is
enclosed b' a ig permeabilit' magnetic circuit.
@en an electrical current is passed troug te e-citer coil, a magnetic field is
created around te coil resulting in te up(ard or do(n(ard movement of te suspended
coil depending upon te direction of te current flo( in te coil. +us controlling te
fre!uenc' of te coil current, te fre!uenc' of vibration is controlled.
>o(er amplifier is te control unit for te e-citer.
>ie4o ; electric cr'stals produce an emf (en te' are deformed. +is output emf
ma' be measured to kno( te value of applied force and ence te pressure.
6 pie4o ; electric material is one in (ic an electric potential appears across
certain surfaces of a cr'stal of te dimensions of te cr'stal are carged b' te
application of a mecanical force. +e effect is reversible.
1#
Common pie4o ; electric materials include !uart4, 0ocelle salt, litium sulpate
etc.,
C#1'+",0
Do not remove te fuse cap (ile po(er cord is connected to 23%V 6C mains
-*"5%41*%0
1. Connect po(er amplifier output to vibration e-citer.
2. >lace te vibration pick up on vibration e-citer spindle.
3. Connect vibration pick up cable to vibration anal'4er sensor socket.
&. select te range %E1%% b' t(o (a' s(itc.
5. 9ote do(n te displacement, velocit' and acceleration from vibration
anal'4er.
". /imilarl' noted above parameters in fre!uenc' range of %E1%%% B4.
/.9o .re!uenc' AB4? Displacement Amm? Velocit' Acm=sec?
6cceleration
Am=sec
2
?
1
2
3
&
5
"
)
#
,
1%
R%218'0
Various parameters of vibration suc as displacement, velocit' and acceleration
are studied and te follo(ing caracteristic curves (ere plotted.
1. Displacement Vs .re!uenc'
2. Velocit' Vs .re!uenc'
3. 6cceleration Vs .re!uenc'
1,
8! MEASUREMENT O/ DIS-LACEMENT USING LVDT
A+$0
+o measure te displacement using *VD+.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40

1. *VD+
2. Micrometer
-*"5%41*%0
1. >lug te po(er card to 6C main 23%v=5%B- G /(itc on te instrument.
2. >late 05D=C6* s(itc at read position.
3. Dalance te amplifier (it te elp of 4ero knobs. @itout connecting
*VD+ to instruments.
&. 0eplace te 05D=C6* s(itc at C6* position.
5. 6d$ust te calibration point b' rotating C6* knob so displa' sould read
1%.%% Ai.e.? ma-imum ranges.
". 6gain keep te 05D=C6* s(itc at read position and connect te *VD+
cable to instruments.
). Mecanical 4ero b' rotating te micrometer. Displa' (ill read 4ero tis is
full balancing.
#. Give displacement (it micrometer and observe te digital reading.
,. >lot te grap of micrometer reading.
/l.no
>us side >ull /ide
Micrometer
0eading Amm?
<ndicated 0eading
Amm?
Micrometer
0eading Amm?
<ndicated
0eading Amm?
1
2
3
&
5
2%
R%218'0
+us displacement as been measured using *VD+.
Grap1
<ndicated reading Vs Micrometer reading
@! MEASUREMENT O/ DIMENTION O/ GIVEN S-ECIMEN USING
TOOL MAKERAS MICROSCO-E
A+$0
+o measure various dimension of a given specimen using +ool maker3s
microscope.

A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
+ool maker3s microscope, /pecimen, 5'epiece.
-*"5%41*%0
1. +o find te Ma$or and Minor diameter1
7ne end of scre( tread in made to coincide (it cross (ire G fi-ed. 0eading
is taken. +e different bet(een readings given linear measurement.

2. Measurement of pitc1
+e contour is get so tat te same it an screen. +e reading of micrometer is
noted. +e reading of are subtracted G different is noted.
3. Measurement of tread angle1
+e scre( is rotated till linear cross (ire coincides (it flank of tread profile.
+e angle of scre( rotation and tan te same line coincides (it flank tread.
21
R%218'0
+e various parameters of te given specimen are measured.
10! MEASUREMENT O/ STRAIGHTNESS AND /LATNESS USING
T=O AXIS AUTO COLLIMATOR
A+$0
+o measure te straigtness and .latness given specimen using t(o a-is
auto collimator.
A))#*#'12 *%31+*%40
Collimator unit, Dase, plain reflector, optical /canner
-*"5%41*%0
1. +esting s!uare (it auto collimator.
2. *evel auto collimator unit on a stand a table.
3. /traigten te ligt.
&. 7bserve measuring grapical troug te e'e belo(.
5. +e smallest discussion of linear scale is measured.
". Dring plain reflector in front of te auto collimator to get reflector.
). Depending upon te verification in surface.
#. 8sing micrometer provided for e'e piece (e can measure te
fre!uenc' up in lose.
/"*$18#%0
Deviation : /in F A6ED?
@ere angle F in rad G Distance 6ED in mm
-#*#88%8 '" '(% A+20
/l.no Distance from
ref 6ED A mm?
M/0
AMin?
Micrometer
A/ec?
0esult E F
degree
Deviations
Amm?
1
2
3
&
22
5
"
-%*)%,4+518#* '" '(% A+20
/l.no Distance from
ref 6ED A mm?
M/0
AMin?
Micrometer
A/ec?
0esult E F
Degree
Deviations
Amm?
1
2
3
&
5
"
R%218'0
+us te straigtness and .latness are determined using autocollimator.
23
Grap1
Deviation Vs Distance from reference
11! MEASUREMENT O/ THREAD -ARAMETERS BY USING
/LOATING CARRIAGE MICROMETER
A+$0

+o measure te ma$or diameter, minor diameter G 5ffective diameter b' using
floating carriage micrometer.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
1. .loating carriage micrometer.
2. /pecimen
3. >rism
&. @ire
5. C'linder.
/"*$18#0
;A7 M#B"* D+#$%'%* M%#21*%$%,'0
7D : DH A0
/ Q
0?
@ere D : Diameter of setting master.

0
/ :
Micro meter reading over setting master.
0 :
:
Micro meter reading over treaded @=> or gauges.

H 7r ; is determined b' relative si4e of master G (ork piece.
;B7 M+,"* D+#$%'%* M%#21*%$%,'0
<D : DE A0
Q
0
7
?
@ere D : Diameter of setting master.
C : Core or minor diameter of (ork piece.
2&
0
> :
0eading over master G prism
0 : 0eading over master G prism.
;E7 M%#21*%$%,' "& %&&%5'+>% 4+#$%'%* :6 12+,. 2 C+*% $%'("40
5 : +H>
+: DH A0
@ Q
0
7@
?
@ere 5 : 5ffective or pitc diameter.
+ : Measured dimension using c'linder.

0
@:
0eading measured over setting master (it (ire.

0
7@:
0eading measured over (ork piece over (ire.
> : A%.#""%3 R p? ; @

@ :Mean diameter of c'linder (ire used : 1.35 mm
p : >itc of tread : 2 mm
-*"5%41*%0
1. +e setting master is eld b=( center and taken te reading at te
diameter sa' 0
/
2. +e master c'linder is ten replaced b' a treaded (ork piece and 0 is
taken.
3. +ake te reading on micrometer and indicator in suc a (a' tat radius
portion of prism touces master.
&. +e c'linder or (ire sould be cosen so tat (en placed b=( te
treads, te' sould contact about alf(a' do(n te flanks.
R%218'0
+us, te tread parameters of a scre( tread are measured using floating
carriage micrometer.
25

12! TOR<UE MEASUREMENT
A+$0
+o measure te tor!ue using sear t'pe load cell.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
1. +or!ue measurement e!uipment
2. /tand
3. lever
&. stain gauge
5. @eigt.
/"*$18# U2%40
Calculated +or!ue : *oad - Distance AkgEm?
D%25*+)'+",0
+or!ue is te tangential force to set a bod' in rotation. <t is represented as a
vector of a force for a rigged bod' undergoing force rotation about a single a-is.
+or!ue : DK,
D : Moment of inertia of bod' about te a-is.
K : 6ngular acceleration.

+us tor!ue is te essential tensional t(isting about its a-is of rotation. <n tis
setup sear t'pe load is used to measure te tor!ue a inverse metod of measuring te
load (it te output immune to side load and bending moment is based on measurement
of sear components. +e load cell is balancing a beam supported on bot ends.
-*"5%41*%0
1. .i- te main frame of transducers rigidit'.
2. Connect te cantilever beam (it (eigt pan.
3. Connect transducer (ire socket to rear side of indicator.
&. Connect digital indicator at 23%V, 6C suppl'.
5. /et 4ero on indicator, b' 4ero ad$ust pan provides indicator.
". 9o( appl' te load graduall' and note do(n reading in up(ard G
do(n(ard trend.
2"
D+2'#,5%0 1 $%'%*
/l.no @eigt added ASg?
7bserved tor!ue
ASgEm?
Calculated +or!ue
ASgEm?
1
2
3
&
5
"
)
#
,
1%

D+2'#,5%0 0!5 $%'%*

/l.no @eigt added ASg?
7bserved tor!ue
ASgEm?
Calculated +or!ue
ASgEm?
1
2
3
&
5
"
)
#
,
1%
M"4%8 C#8518#'+",0
Calculated +or!ue :*oad - Distance AkgEm?
R%218'0
+us measurement of tor!ue using sear t'pe load cell as been carried out.
2)
Grap1
7bserved tor!ue Vs Calculated tor!ue


13! /ORCE MEASUREMENT
A+$0
+o measure te force using load cell.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40

1. >roving 0ing
2. *oad cell
3. .orce indicator
&. scre( $ack
5. Dial gauge.
Capacit' of proving 0ing :2.5 S9.
D%25*+)'+",1
.orce is one of te ma$or derived parameter aving fundamental dimension of
mass lengt and time. <t is a vector !uantit' (ic, (en applied result in a cange of
momentum in a bod'. Dasicall' mecanical force is created due to variation of started
potential energ'.
+is is different t'pes of load cell like column t'pe, sear t'pe, sEt'pe, and
compression t'pe. <n tis setup, sEt'pe load cell is provided.
-*"5%41*%0
D 5nsure tat proving ring along (it load all is perfectl' in vertical position.
R Ceck and ensure tat te a-is of scre( $acks perfectl' aligned (it load cell.
R 5nsure tat load cell (it socket is connected to te rear side of te load
indicator.
R 6ppl' a small load (itout an' slip in te s'stem.
R 9ote do(n te reading of dial gauge of force indicator.
/l.no 6ctual load applied Akg? Deflection Adiv?
1
2
3
&
5
2#
"
)
#
,
1%

1 division : %.%%2mm
R%218'0
+us te force measurement as been measured using load cell.
Grap1 Deflection Vs 6pplied load
19! TEM-ERATURE MEASUREMENT
A+$0
+o measure te temperature using copper constantan termo couple.
A))#*#'12 R%31+*%40
1. +ermo couple
2. +emperature measuring setup.
3. <ce cubes.
-*"5%41*%0

1. Connect te termocouple supplied at te impute terminal if copper constantan
+ermocouple is used.
Copper (ire must be connected to te terminal and constantan (ire to ;ve terminal.
2. <mmerse te $unction of termocouple in ice and ad$ust te meter reading at %T C
using potentiometer.
3. <mmerse te $unction of termocouple in boiling at ,#T C b' using potentiometer
marked ma-.
&. 0epeat te procedure for 2 to 3 times.
/l.no 6ctual temperature CT <ndicated temperature CT
1
2
3
&
5
"
)
#
,
1%
2,
R%218'0
+us te temperature is measured using termocouple.
Grap1
<ndicated +emperature Vs 6ctual +emperature
3%