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\ .
(6.2)
It is occasionally called Grosvenor humidity after the name of the inventor.
5) Percent humidity or percent saturation: It is the relation between absolute
humidity to that of saturation humidity at the same temperature and pressure.
100 %
/
/
=
S
Y
Y
Humidity (6.3)
where, Y
/
is absolute humidity of sample of air and
/
S
Y is humidity at same
temperature and pressure if saturated with water vapor.
97 . 28
02 . 18
/
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
v
A
v
A
S
p P
p
Y (6.4)
and vapor pressure of water can be calculated by Antoine Equation:
) 97 . 39 (
923 . 3984
96481 . 11 ln
=
T
p
v
A
where, pressure is in bar and temperature is in K.
6) Dew point: Dew point is a temperature at which a vapor-gas mixture must be
cooled (at constant humidity) to become saturated. The dew point of a
saturated gas equals the gas temperature. If a vapor-gas mixture is gradually
cooled at a constant pressure, the temperature at which it just becomes
saturated is also called its dew point.
NPTEL Chemical Mass Transfer Operation 1
Joint initiative of IITs and IISc Funded by MHRD Page 3 of 3
7) Humid volume: The humid volume,
H
, is defined as the volume of unit
mass of dry air with accompanying water vapor at a given temperature and
pressure.
|
.
|
\
| +
|
.
|
\
|
+ =
273
273
4 . 22
02 . 18
1
97 . 28
1
G
H
T
v m
3
/kg dry air (6.5)
assuming ideal gas behavior. T
G
is gas temperature in C.
8) Humid heat: The humid heat, c
H
, is the heat energy required to raise the
temperature of unit mass of dry air with the accompanying water vapor by one
(1) degree.
/
88 . 1 005 . 1 Y c
H
+ = kJ/(kg dry air)(K); first part of right hand side is
heat capacity of dry air in kJ/kg.K and second part is heat capacity of water
vapor in kJ/kg.K.
9) Enthalpy: The enthalpy of a vapor-gas mixture is the sum of the relative
enthalpies of gas and vapor content.
/
0
/
0
/
0
/
2500 ) )( 88 . 1 005 . 1 ( ) ( Y T T Y Y T T c H
G G H
+ + = + = kJ/kg (6.6)
where
0
is latent heat of vaporization of water, 2500 kJ/Kg.