Force and Newton's Laws of Motion: Checkpoint (p.84)

Pearson Education Asia Limited 2009
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NSS Physics in Life Full Solution of Textbooks
(Force and Motion)
Chapter 7 Force and Neton!s Las of Motion
Checkpoint (p"#$)
1. (a) no
(b) no
(c) yes
(d) yes
2. (a) Aeroplane B has a larger inertia because it has a larger mass.
(b) Both of them have no net force acting on them, as they are not accelerating.
%xercise (p"#$)
1. C
2. C
3. A
. C
!. (a) "e#ton$s first la# of motion states that an ob%ect #ill remain at rest or in
uniform motion if the net force acting on it is &ero.
(b) 'ven if the roc(ets are shut off, the spacecraft is able to maintain a constant
velocity unless it is acted on an unbalanced force. )his is unli(ely to happen
on the 'arth due to the e*istence of friction and gravity but is more li(ely to
happen in space.
+. "o. ,e have to pedal to provide a force against the friction acting on the bicycle.
)he bicycle moves at a constant speed #hen these t#o forces balance each other,
as predicted by "e#ton$s first la# of motion.
-. ,hen the car starts to move for#ards, the things fall off at the bac( because they
have the tendency to remain at rest due to their inertia.
.. )he difficulty of moving the carts is the same. As their masses are the same, they
have the same tendency to remain at rest regardless of the substance in the carts.
/. (a) "e#ton$s first la# predicts that the brothers #ill move #ith constant
velocities along a straight line on the ice surface unless there are net forces
act on them. 0n reality, the friction of the ice surface is small, so they #ill
decelerate at a very lo# rate.
(b) Anthony #ill find it more difficult to slo# do#n because he has a higher
tendency to maintain his original motion due to his larger mass.
1
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(Force and Motion)
11. (a) )he mass of a supertan(er is much larger, and hence its tendency to
maintain its motion is higher than a 2tar 3erry. As a result, the supertan(er
needs a longer distance to stop or change direction than a 2tar 3erry does.
(b) (i) By "e#ton$s first la#, both of them are not acted by a net force
because they are moving at a constant velocity.
(ii) )here is no contradiction because the force concerned in (i) is the net
force and not the propelling force acting on the ships. )he net force on
an ob%ect is the sum of all the forces acting on it, and the propelling
force is only one of these forces.
Checkpoint (p"#&)
1. B
2. (a) )he free4body diagram of the trolley is sho#n belo#5
(b) 2ince the net force on the trolley is &ero, the friction acting on it is ! " in
the opposite direction of the pushing force.
%xercise (p"#&)
1. (a) no
(b) no
(c) yes
(d) yes
2. (a) a person bungee %umping #ith the cord under tension
2
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(Force and Motion)
(b) a #ooden bo* being pushed on the ground
(c) a #ater s(ier being pulled by a boat
(d) a spring toy being pressed on the table
3. (a) incorrect
(b) correct
(c) correct
(d) incorrect
. C
!. (a) )he net force on a coin at rest is &ero, so the normal reaction acting on the
coin must have balanced the #eight of the coin. 6ence, the normal acting on
the coin is 1.13 " in the up#ard direction.
(b) )he friction acting on the coin is &ero. ,hen the coin has no tendency to
move hori&ontally, there is no friction to oppose its motion.
+. (a) )he tension in the string balances the #eight of magnet A. 6ence, the
#eight of magnet A is 2 ".
(b) )he magnetic force on A is in the do#n#ard direction. As the net force on A
is still &ero, there must be a do#n#ard force to balance the increase in the
up#ard tension acting on the magnet.
3
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(Force and Motion)
(c) )he free4body diagram of magnet A is sho#n belo#5
)a(e the do#n#ard direction as positive.
2ince magnet A remains at rest, the net force on it is &ero.
" . 1
1 . 2 2
1
=
= +
= +
F
F
T W F
)he magnetic force on magnet A is 1. " (do#n#ards).
-. (a) )he free4body diagram of the crate is sho#n belo#5
(b) )a(e the right as the positive direction.
)he resultant force of the tensions in the ropes is
" !1 2!1 211 = + = + =
B A
T T T
(c) )he resultant of the vertical forces is &ero, as the crate has no vertically
motion. Consider the hori&ontal motion, the net force on the crate is
" !1 11 !1 = = = f T F
)he crate accelerates to the right.
.. (a) As the bloc( is at rest, the net force on the bloc( is &ero. )he normal
reaction must have balanced the #eight of the bloc(. 6ence, the normal
reaction acting on the bloc( is 21 " (up#ards).
magnet A
tension T
magnetic force F weight W
tension T
A
tension T
B
weight of the crate
normal reaction
friction f
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(Force and Motion)
(b) (i) )he free4body diagram of the bloc( is sho#n belo#5
(ii) )a(e the up#ard direction as positive.
" 1+
21
=
= +
= +
R
R
W R F
)he normal reaction is 1+ " (up#ards).
Checkpoint (p"&7)
1. C
2. Applying ma F = , the acceleration a is given by
( )
( )
( )
2
!
+
s m +
11 2
11 2 . 1

=
= =
m
F
a
3. )a(e the direction of motion of the car as positive. )he acceleration a of the car
is given by
( ) ( )
( )
2
s m ! . 1
2
2 1

=
=
t
u v
a
)he only force that acts on the car in the hori&ontal direction is the friction.
6ence, applying ma F = , the friction is
( ) " 1 . 1 ! . 1 2 . 1 = = =ma F
%xercise (p"&7)
1. A
2. C
3. B
. A
!. B
+. 7
!
block
normal reaction R
bouyant force F
weight W
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(Force and Motion)
-. )he driving force of the sports car is " +111 ! 1211 = .
)he driving force of the ta*i is " 3+11 2 1.11 = .
6ence, the sports car has a larger driving force.
.. (a)
1 1 1
s m -. . 2- s m
+1 +1
1111
111 h (m 111

=
=
)he acceleration of the car is
2
s m !!+ . !
!
1 -. . 2-

=
=
t
u v
a
)he minimum driving force re8uired is
" 111 11 !!+ . ! 1.11 = = = ma F
(b) )he ne# mass of the car is
(g 1+21
!!+ . !
/111
=
=
a
F
m
/. (a) )he resultant of the vertical forces is &ero as there is no vertical motion.
Consider the hori&ontal forces only. )a(e the right as the positive direction.
)he net force acting on the #ater s(ier is
" !1 1 /1 = = = f T F
6is acceleration is
2
s m .33 . 1 .333 . 1
+1
!1

= = =
m
F
a
(b) )he time ta(en for him to accelerate from + m s
91
to 11 m s
91
is
s ..1
.333 . 1
+ 11
=
a
u v
t
11. (a) )a(e the direction of motion of the trolley as positive.
)he net force acting on the trolley is " 1. 12 31 = .
)he acceleration of the trolley is
2
s m 2 . 1
1!
1.

= = =
m
F
a
)he velocity of the trolley after 2 s is
( )
1
s m . 2 2 2 . 1 1

= + = + = at u v
(b) )he net force acting on the trolley is e8ual to the friction. )he acceleration
of the trolley is
2
s m . . 1
1!
12

=
= =
m
f
a
)he distance travelled by the trolley before it stops is
( )
m + . 3
. . 1 2
. 2 1
2
2 2 2
=

=
a
u v
s
+
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(Force and Motion)
11. (a) )a(e the direction of motion of the bicycle as positive.
)he acceleration of the bicycle is
2
s m ! . 2
2
11 !

=
=
t
u v
a
)he net force acting on the bicycle is
( ) " 1.. ! . 1.- ! . 2 -! = = =ma F
)he acceleration of the bicycle is 92.! m s
92
and the bra(ing force is 1.. ".
(b) )he distance travelled by :aul #hen he decelerates is
( )
m 1!
! . 2 2
11 !
2
2 2 2 2
=

=
a
u v
s
(c) )he re8uired acceleration #hen he decelerates is
2
2 2 2 2
s m /+- . 3
1! 2
12 !
2

=
s
u v
a
)he re8uired net force acting on the bicycle is
( ) " 2/. /+- . 3 -! = =ma F
)he re8uired bra(ing force is 2/. ".
12. (a) acceleration ; slope of the v4t graph
)he acceleration of the train during the time interval t ; 1<1 s is
2
1
s m 1.!
1 1
1 21

=
= a
1
1 1
21 21
2
=
= a
2
3
s m 1
111 121
21 1

=
= a
(b) )he force acting train during the time interval t ; 1<1 s is
" 111 12! ! . 1 111 2!1
1 1
= = = ma F
)he force acting train during the time interval t ; 1<111 s is
1 1 111 2!1
2 2
= = = ma F
)he force acting train during the time interval t ; 111<121 s is
( ) " 111 2!1 1 111 2!1
3 3
= = = ma F
-
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(Force and Motion)
Checkpoint (p"'($)
1. B
2. 6is #eight W is -11 ".
)he apparent #eight that he feels is the normal reaction R. By "e#ton$s second
la#,
" .1!
! . 1 -1 -11
=
=
=
R
R
ma W R
6e feels an apparent #eight of .1! " as the lift accelerates up#ards.
Checkpoint (p"'(#)
1. C
2. 7
%xercise (p"'(#)
1. A
2. 7
3. C
. 7
!. C
+. (a) )he velocity of the raindrop #hen it reaches the ground is
( )
1 3 2
s m 1-3 2 . 1-3 1 11 ! . 1 11 2 2

= + = + = u gs v
(b) )he air resistance on the raindrop greatly reduces its terminal velocity.
-. (a) 3rom the graph, the fluid resistance acting on the bead #hen it reaches the
terminal velocity is 1.1+ ".
(b) )he #eight of the bead W is balanced by the fluid resistance #hen it reaches
the terminal velocity. 6ence, its #eight is 1.1+ ".
)he mass of the bead is
(g 11+ . 1
11
1+ . 1
= = =
g
W
m
.
.
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(Force and Motion)
(c) )a(e the do#n#ard direction as positive.
3rom the graph, the fluid resistance of the bead f
1
at t ; 1 s is 1.1 ".
By "e#ton$s second la#,
2
1
1
1 1
s m 33 . 3 333 . 3
11+ .. 1
12 . 1
11+ . 1 1 . 1 1+ . 1
=
=
=
=
a
a
ma f W
3rom the graph, the fluid resistance of the bead f
2
at t ; 2 s is 1.1+ ".
1
11+ . 1 1+ . 1 1+ . 1
2
2
2 2
=
=
=
a
a
ma f W
)he accelerations of the bead at t ; 1 s and t ; 2 s are 3.33 m s
92
and 1
respectively.
.. (a) )he =4shaped front reduces the #ater resistance acting on the ship.
(b) )he parachute helps the space shuttle to slo# do#n by increasing the air
resistance acting on it.
(c) ,earing s#imming caps reduces #ater resistance acting on the s#immers
so that they can s#im faster in the competition.
(d) )he rough grips of the bicycle handle increase the frictions bet#een the
rider$s hands and the handle so as to ma(e it easier to hold the handles.
/. (a) )he free4body diagram of the contestant is sho#n belo#5
)he normal reaction R acting on him gives him the feeling of his #eight.
/
normal reaction R
weight W
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(Force and Motion)
(b) )a(e the do#n#ard direction as positive.
2ince he falls #ith acceleration g, by "e#ton$s second la#,
1 =
=
=
R
mg R mg
mg R W
6ence, the apparent #eight that he feels is &ero.
11. )a(e the up#ard direction as positive.
) ( a g m R
ma mg R
ma W R
+ =
=
=
7uring t ; 1 to 2 s,
( ) " /11 2 11 -! = + = R
.
7uring t ; 2 to 12 s,
( ) " -!1 1 11 -! = + = R
.
7uring t ; 12 to 1.! s, the acceleration of the lift is
( )
2
s m 2 . 1
! . 2
2 ! . 1 1

=

= a
( ) " ++1 2 . 1 11 -! = = R
2ince his apparent #eight is the normal reaction R acting on him, the follo#ing
graph is obtained5
,hen the lift accelerates up#ards in the first 2 s, :eter feels that he his #eight is
larger than his normal #eight. ,hen the lift rises at a constant velocity for the
ne*t 11 s, he feels his normal #eight. ,hen the lift decelerates to a stop in the
last 2.! s, he feels that his #eight is smaller than his normal #eight.
11
apparent weight /
2 ! " # $0 $2 $! $"
0
200
!00
"00
#00
$000
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(Force and Motion)
11. (a) )he free4body diagram of the feather is sho#n belo#5
7uring the fall, the #eight W remains constant, and the air resistance f
increases until the terminal velocity is reached.
(b) By "e#ton$s second la#,
m
f W
a
ma f W
=
=
)he rate of change of the velocity of the feather is its acceleration. At the
beginning, the air resistance is very small, so the feather accelerates due to
its #eight at a rate close to g. As its velocity increases, the air resistance
increases. As a result, the acceleration and hence the rate of increase of
velocity drops gradually.
(c) 3rom the v4t graph, the terminal velocity is 1.2 m s
91
.
12. (a) At that instant, the net force acting on the s(ydiver is &ero because he is
falling at a constant velocity. )herefore, the air resistance on him e8uals his
#eight, #hich is " !11 11 !1 = .
(b) After the parachute is opened, the air resistance acting on the s(ydiver
increases greatly. )he additional air resistance provides an up#ard net force
on him and hence his velocity decreases.
(c) )he air resistance on the s(ydiver decreases as his velocity decreases.
6ence, the up#ard net force acting on him decreases gradually but he is still
decelerating in the meantime. 'ventually, the decelerating process stops
#hen the air resistance balances his #eight again, and he reaches another
terminal velocity, #hich is much lo#er than the previous one.
11
feather
air resistance f
weight W
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(Force and Motion)
Checkpoint (p"''))
1. (a) the force e*erted by the man on the roc( #hen he %umps
(b) the force e*erted by the man on the ground #hen he #al(s
(c) the push e*erted by the man on the car
(d) the force e*erted by the rotor of the helicopter on the air
2. 0f the normal reaction on it is - ", the reaction to this normal reaction is a force
from the bas(etball on the table of magnitude - " in the do#n#ard direction.
12
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(Force and Motion)
%xercise (p"''))
1. 7
2. B
3. C
. C
!. 7
+. A
-. )he astronaut can thro# the %et propeller to#ards the direction opposite to the
spaceship. By "e#ton$s third la#, there is a reaction to the thro#ing force acting
on him to push him bac( to the spaceship.
.. (a) ,hen a runner push against a starting bloc( #ith his foot, a reaction is acted
on him to push him for#ards. 0n this #ay a starting bloc( can help a runner
accelerate at start.
(b) ,hen you push the #ater bac(#ards, there is a reaction to the push #hich
push you for#ards.
(c) ,hen you press do#n on the ladder, there is a reaction to the pressing force
#hich brings you up#ards.
(d) )he force acting on the bag by her fist is the action, and the force acting on
her fist by the bag is the reaction. 0t is the reaction #hich gives her the feel
of pain.
/. (a) "o. )hese t#o forces form an action4reaction pair and hence their
magnitudes must be the same.
(b) )he mass of the ball is much larger than that of the pin. Although the forces
e*perience by the pin and bo#ling ball have the same magnitude, the
acceleration of the pin is much larger. 6ence, the pin bounces off but the
motion of the ball is not much affected.
11. (a) )he free4body diagram of the panda is sho#n belo#5
13
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(Force and Motion)
(b) "o. )he #eight of the panda and the normal reaction on it do not form an
action4reaction pair because these t#o forces are acting on the same ob%ect.
(c) First pair5 the gravitational force acting on the panda by the 'arth (#eight
of the panda) and the gravitational force acting on the 'arth by the panda
Second pair5 the normal reaction acting on the panda by the tree branch and
the force acting on the tree branch by the panda
11. (a) )he force on )om from >atie forms an action4reaction pair #ith the force
on >atie from )om, and so these forces have the same magnitude but in
opposite directions. 6ence, the force on )om from >atie is +1 " (to the
left).
(b) )a(e the right as the positive direction.
acceleration of )om during the push
2
s m . . 1
-!
+1

=
=
acceleration of >atie during the push
2
s m 2 . 1
!1
+1

= =
)he accelerations of )om and >atie are 1.. m s
92
(to the left) and 1.2 m s
92

(to the right) respectively.
(c) Applying at u v + = ,
velocity of )om after the push ( ) [ ]
1
s m . 1 ! . 1 . . 1 1

= + =
velocity of >atie after the push ( )
1
s m + . 1 ! . 1 2 . 1 1

= + =
)he velocities of )om and >atie are 1. m s
91
(to the left) and 1.+ m s
91
(to
the right) respectively.
After the push, as friction is negligible, )om #ill continue to move to the
left at a constant velocity of 1. m s
91
and >atie #ill move to the right at a
constant velocity of 1.+ m s
91
.
12. (a) )a(e the right as the positive direction.
Applying ma F = ,
1
normal reaction
weight
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(Force and Motion)
( )
( )
2
s m
1 2 2 21
=
+ + =
+ + =
a
a
a m m m F
C B A
)he common acceleration of the bloc( is m s
92
(to the right).
(b) (i) Consider bloc( A. Applying ma F = ,
" 12
2 21
=
= +
= +
BA
BA
A BA
F
F
a m F F
)he force acting on A by B is 12 " (to the left). By "e#ton$s third la#,
the force acting on B by A is 12 " (to the right).
1!
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(Force and Motion)
(ii) Consider bloc( C alone. Applying ma F = ,
" 1 = = = a m F
C BC
)he force acting on C by B is " (to the right). By "e#ton$s third la#,
the force acting on B by C is " (to the left).
Chapter %xercise (p"'*')
1. B
2. C
3. C
. 7
!. C
+. C
-. B
.. A
/. B
11. C
11. A
12. 7
13. (a) Applying ma F = ,
(1M)
" -!11
1!11 1!11
1
1
1
=
=
=
F
F
ma f F
)he driving force acting on the car #hen it accelerates is -!11 ".
(1A)
(b) By "e#ton$s first la#, the net force acting on the car must be &ero for it to
move for#ard at a constant velocity. )herefore, the car needs a for#ard
driving force to balance the bac(#ard friction
(1A)
.
Applying ma F = ,
(1M)
" 1!11
1 1!11
2
2
2
=
=
=
F
F
ma f F
)he driving force acting on the car in this stage is 1!11 ".
(1A)
1+
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(Force and Motion)
(c) )he velocity of the car after acceleration is
( )
1
s m 1+ 1

= + = + = at u v (1M)
0f the driver does not apply the bra(es, the force acting on the car is
91!11 ". )he acceleration of the car is
2
s m 1
1!11
1!11

=
= =
m
F
a (1M)
)he distance travelled by the car before coming to a stop is
( )
m 12.
1 2
1+ 1
2
2 2 2
=

=
a
u v
s (1M+1A)
1. (a) )a(e the do#n#ard direction as positive. 0f the fireman is to reach the
ground floor #ith a velocity of ! m s
91
, the acceleration re8uired is
2
2 2 2
s m 1+- .
3 2
1 !
2

=
=
s
u v
a
(1M)
?et f be the friction acting on the fireman. Applying ma F = ,
(1M)
( )
" 1. 31 . 1.
1+- . -1 11 -1
=
= +
= +
= +
f
f
ma f mg
ma f W
)he friction acting on the fireman by the pole is 1. " (up#ards).
(1A)
(b) )he time he needs to slide do#n the pole is
s 21 . 1
1+- .
! 1
=
a
u v
t (1M+1A)
1!. (a) 3rom the graph, the ma*imum that can be developed bet#een the bloc( and
the surface is 1 ".
(1A)
(b) (i) )he bloc( does not move
(1A)
. 0n this case, the friction acting on the
bloc( is 1.! "
(1A)
, #hich balances the pulling force completely.
(ii) )he bloc( accelerates at 1 m s
92
(1A)
. 0n this case, the friction acting on
the bloc( is 1 "
(1A)
, #hich is e8ual to the ma*imum that can be
developed.
(c) 3rom (b)(ii), #hen the pulling force is 1.! ", the bloc( accelerates at 1 m s
92
and the friction acting on it is 1 ". Applying ma F = ,
(1M)
(g ! . 1
1 1 ! . 1
=
=
=
m
m
ma f F
)he mass of the bloc( is 1.! (g.
(1A)
1-
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(Force and Motion)
1+. (a) )he acceleration of the rods is e8ual to the slope of the v4t graph during the
corresponding time interval.
)he acceleration during stage (1) is
2
1
s m 1
1 2
1 2

=
= a (1A)
1
2 32
2 2
2
=
= a (1A)
2
3
s m 2! . 1
32 1
2 1

=
= a (1A)
)he acceleration during stage () is
1
= a (1A)
(b) (i) Applying ma F = ,
time t /s net force F / N
1<2 1!11 1 1!11 =
2<32 1 1 1!11 =
32<1
( ) 3-! 2! . 1 1!11 =
@1 1 1 1!11 =
(1A+1A)
1.
F /
t / s
$%00
0
9&'%
2
&2 !0
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(Force and Motion)
(ii) )he total #eight of the rods is " 111 1! 11 1!11 = throughout the
process.
(1A+1A)
(iii) ?et T and W be the tension in the cables and the total #eight of the
rods respectively.
W F T
W T F
+ =
=
time t /s tension T / N
1<2 !11 1+ 111 1! 1!11 = +
2<32 11 1 1! 11 1 1! 1 = +
32<1 +2! 1 11 1 1! 3-! = +
@1 111 1! 111 1! 1 = +
(1A+1A)
1/
total weight /
t / s
$% 000
0
2 &2 !0
T /
t / s
$" %00
0
2 &2 !0
$% 000
$! "2%
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(Force and Motion)
1-. (a) )he stone falls at a terminal velocity #hen the air resistance F
air
balances its
#eight W. 3rom the graph, the air resistance F
air
acting on the stone #hen it
falls at 1 m s
91
is 1+ "
(1M)
. )a(e the do#n#ard direction as positive.
6ence,
(g + . 1
11
1+
1 1+
1
air
= =
=
=
m
mg
F W
(1M)
)he mass of the stone is 1.+ (g.
(1A)
(b) 3rom the graph, the air resistance F
air
acting on the stone #hen it falls at
31 m s
91
is / "
(1M)
. By "e#ton$s second la#,
( )
2
air
s m 3. . 3-! .
+ . 1 / 11 + . 1
=
=
=
a
a
ma F W
(1M)
)he acceleration of the stone is .3. m s
92
.
(1A)
(c) "o
(1A)
. )he stone falls at the terminal velocity #hen the air resistance F
air

balances its #eight W
(1A)
. )his means the net force on it and its acceleration
are &ero
(1A)
. 6ence, the stone #ill not slo# do#n.
1.. (a) By "e#ton$s first la#, no net force on ABC is needed #hen it travels at a
constant velocity
(1A)
. As there is no dissipative force (e.g. friction and air
resistance) in space, the main thrusters need not be turned on to balance the
dissipative force
(1A)
.
(b) )he roc(et Atlas = has to carry ABC into space from 'arth, so its
streamlined shape reduces the air resistance acting on it as it moves in the
atmosphere
(1A)
. ABC only operates in space #here no air resistance e*ists,
and hence a streamlined shape is unnecessary
(1A)
.
(c) (i) A force #as e*erted on the hot gases by the thrusters #hen the gas is
e%ected
(1A)
. By "e#ton$s third la#, #hen the thrusters e*erted a force
on the hot gases, there #as a reaction force e*erted on the thrusters by
the hot gases, #hich slo#ed ABC do#n
(1A)
.
(ii) )a(e the direction of motion of ABC as positive.
)he acceleration of ABC #hen it decelerated #as
2
s m +1- . 1
+1 2-
2/11 1/11

=
=
t
u v
a (1M)
)he force e*erted on ABC by the hot gases #as
( ) " /2+ ! . /2! +1- . 1 1!11 = = =ma F (1M)
21
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(Force and Motion)
By "e#ton$s third la#, the force e*erted on the hot gases by ABC and
the force e*erted on ABC by the hot gases had the same magnitude
but in opposite directions
(1M)
. 6ence, the force e*erted on the hot
gases by ABC #as /2+ " (for#ards).
(1A)
1/. (a) 1st pair:
F
1
5 the pulling force acting on 6enry by the file
F
1
D5 the pulling force acting on the file by 6enry
(1A)
2nd pair:
F
2
5 the pulling force acting on :aul by the file
F
2
D5 the pulling force acting on the file by :aul
(1A)
3rd pair:
f
1
5 the friction acting on 6enry by the ground
f
1
D5 the friction acting on the ground by 6enry
(1A)
4th pair:
f
2
5 the friction acting on :aul by the ground
f
2
D5 the friction acting on the ground by :aul
(1A)
(b) )a(e the left as the positive direction.
Eiven that F
1
D ; 2! ". By "e#ton$s third la#, F
1
; 92! ".
(1A)
Consider the file alone.
" 2!
1 2!
1
2
2
2 1
=
F
F
F F
By "e#ton$s third la#, F
2
; 92! ".
(1A)
Consider 6enry alone.
" 2!
1 2!
1
1
1
1 1
=
=
=
f
f
F f
By "e#ton$s third la#, f
1
D ; 92! ".
(1A)
Consider :aul alone.
" 2!
1 2!
1
2
2
2 2
=
=
=
f
f
f F
By "e#ton$s third la#, f
2
D = 2! ".
(1A)
6ence, the magnitude of all the above forces is 2! ".
21.
(OC AS!"e#e" $an 2%%& 'aper 2()1 * ()
21.
(+,C-- 1... '1 *&)
22.
(+,C-- 2%%/ '1 *13)
21
All rights reserved
(Force and Motion)
23. (a) ,hen the car decelerates suddenly, the pendulum has the tendency to stay in
motion due to its inertia
(1A)
, and so it (eeps s#inging for#ards.
(b) ,hen the car decelerates suddenly, passengers #ho do not #ear seat belts
tend to (eep their original motion and move for#ards due to their inertia
(1A)
. )hey may hit the dashboard or #indscreen and suffer serious in%uries
(1A)
.
(c) ,hen the car is hit from behind, there is a force e*erted on the car, and the
car accelerates suddenly
(1A)
. )he headrest protects passengers from
suffering serious nec( in%uries #hen they hit the interior of the car due to
their inertia
(1A)
.
22

Force and Newton's Laws of Motion: Checkpoint (p.84)

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Force and Newton's Laws of Motion: Checkpoint (p.84)

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