Professional Documents
Culture Documents
r
o
[
e
c
t
S
t
u
d
y
o
f
S
p
e
c
|
f
|
c
r
o
b
|
e
m
s
o
f
M
a
r
g
|
n
a
|
I
a
r
m
e
r
s
|
n
L
|
g
h
t
s
t
a
t
e
s
n
o
u
s
e
h
o
|
d
L
|
s
t
|
n
g
S
h
e
e
t
I
o
s
h
|
A
d
h
|
k
a
r
|
I
n
s
t
|
t
u
t
e
o
f
S
o
c
|
a
|
S
t
u
d
|
e
s
4
W
|
n
d
s
o
r
|
a
c
e
N
e
w
D
e
|
h
|
1
1
0
0
0
1
h
o
n
e
0
1
1
2
3
7
1
1
7
3
2
2
3
2
7
3
8
9
4
S
L
a
L
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
u
l
s
L
r
l
c
L
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
e
h
s
l
l
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
8
l
o
c
k
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
v
l
l
l
a
g
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
n
o
o
f
P
P
s
l
n
L
h
e
v
l
l
l
a
g
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
n
o
C
f
P
P
s
L
l
s
L
e
d
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
n
o
C
f
M
a
r
g
l
n
a
l
l
a
r
m
e
r
s
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
L
o
c
a
l
u
n
l
L
f
o
r
L
a
n
d
M
e
a
s
u
r
e
m
e
n
L
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1
a
c
r
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
L
o
c
a
l
u
n
l
L
s
***C
w
n
e
r
s
h
|
p
S
t
a
t
u
s
S
l
n
g
l
e
!
o
l
n
L
w
l
L
h
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
l
d
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
!
o
l
n
L
w
l
L
h
o
L
h
e
r
s
*
*
C
c
c
u
p
a
t
|
o
n
C
o
d
e
s
C
u
l
L
l
v
a
L
o
r
A
g
r
l
W
a
g
e
L
a
b
o
u
r
n
o
n
a
g
r
l
W
a
g
e
L
a
b
o
u
r
S
e
l
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
L
r
a
d
e
/
b
u
s
l
n
e
s
s
S
e
l
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
a
r
L
l
s
a
n
L
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
l
n
n
8
L
C
S
C
L
h
e
r
s
*
*
*
S
t
r
a
t
|
f
|
c
a
t
|
o
n
C
u
l
L
l
v
a
L
l
n
g
n
o
l
a
n
d
C
u
l
L
l
v
a
L
l
n
g
l
e
s
s
L
h
a
n
1
h
a
1
L
o
2
h
a
2
L
o
4
h
a
4
L
o
1
0
M
o
r
e
L
h
a
n
1
0
N
o
N
a
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
a
d
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
|
d
A
d
d
r
e
s
s
M
a
|
e
]
I
e
m
a
|
e
I
a
t
h
e
r
'
s
n
a
m
e
k
e
|
|
g
|
o
n
(
n
|
n
d
u
1
M
u
s
|
|
m
C
h
r
s
t
S
|
k
h
8
u
d
h
h
|
s
t
C
t
h
e
r
s
6
)
C
a
s
t
e
n
o
u
s
e
h
o
|
d
S
|
z
e
(
N
o
s
)
L
a
n
d
(
k
e
f
e
a
r
k
a
b
|
2
0
0
8
k
h
a
r
|
f
2
0
0
8
)
(
k
e
c
o
r
d
|
n
|
o
c
a
|
u
n
|
t
s
w
|
t
h
t
w
o
d
e
c
|
m
a
|
s
)
M
a
[
o
r
c
r
o
p
s
g
r
o
w
n
(
k
e
f
e
a
r
k
a
b
|
k
h
a
r
|
f
o
f
2
0
0
8
)
C
c
c
u
p
a
t
|
o
n
s
*
*
o
f
t
h
e
n
n
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
S
t
r
a
t
|
f
|
c
a
t
|
o
n
o
f
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
|
d
s
*
*
*
A
d
u
|
t
s
C
h
|
|
d
r
e
n
L
a
n
d
o
w
n
e
d
L
a
n
d
C
u
|
t
|
v
a
t
e
d
C
w
n
e
r
s
h
|
p
S
t
a
t
u
s
*
1
1
0
1
1
1
2
S
L
a
L
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
u
l
s
L
r
l
c
L
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
v
l
l
l
a
g
e
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
*
*
C
w
n
e
r
s
h
|
p
S
t
a
t
u
s
S
l
n
g
l
e
!
o
l
n
L
w
l
L
h
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
l
d
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
!
o
l
n
L
w
l
L
h
o
L
h
e
r
s
*
*
C
c
c
u
p
a
t
|
o
n
c
o
d
e
s
C
u
l
L
l
v
a
L
o
r
A
g
r
l
W
a
g
e
L
a
b
o
u
r
n
o
n
a
g
r
l
W
a
g
e
L
a
b
o
u
r
s
e
l
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
L
r
a
d
e
/
b
u
s
l
n
e
s
s
s
e
l
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
A
r
L
l
s
a
n
L
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
l
n
n
8
L
C
S
o
L
h
e
r
s
*
*
*
S
t
r
a
t
|
f
|
c
a
t
|
o
n
C
u
l
L
l
v
a
L
l
n
g
n
o
l
a
n
d
C
u
l
L
l
v
a
L
l
n
g
l
e
s
s
L
h
a
n
1
h
a
1
L
o
2
h
a
2
L
o
4
h
a
4
L
o
1
0
M
o
r
e
L
h
a
n
1
0
N
o
N
a
m
e
o
f
t
h
e
n
e
a
d
o
f
t
h
e
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
|
d
A
d
d
r
e
s
s
M
a
|
e
]
I
e
m
a
|
e
I
a
t
h
e
r
'
s
n
a
m
e
k
e
|
|
g
|
o
n
(
n
|
n
d
u
1
M
u
s
|
|
m
C
h
r
s
t
S
|
k
h
8
u
d
h
h
|
s
t
C
t
h
e
r
s
6
)
C
a
s
t
e
n
o
u
s
e
h
o
|
d
S
|
z
e
(
N
o
s
)
L
a
n
d
(
k
e
f
e
a
r
k
a
b
|
2
0
0
8
k
h
a
r
|
f
2
0
0
8
)
(
k
e
c
o
r
d
|
n
|
o
c
a
|
u
n
|
t
s
w
|
t
h
t
w
o
d
e
c
|
m
a
|
s
)
M
a
[
o
r
c
r
o
p
s
g
r
o
w
n
(
k
e
f
e
a
r
k
a
b
|
k
h
a
r
|
f
o
f
2
0
0
8
)
C
c
c
u
p
a
t
|
o
n
s
*
*
o
f
t
h
e
n
n
m
e
m
b
e
r
s
S
t
r
a
t
|
f
|
c
a
t
|
o
n
o
f
h
o
u
s
e
h
o
|
d
s
*
*
*
A
d
u
|
t
s
C
h
|
|
d
r
e
n
L
a
n
d
o
w
n
e
d
L
a
n
d
C
u
|
t
|
v
a
t
e
d
C
w
n
e
r
s
h
|
p
S
t
a
t
u
s
*
Annexure 4: Detailed Questionnaire
Page 1 of 19
STUDY OF PROBLEMS OF MARGINAL FARMERS
IN THE CONTEXT OF
CHANGING TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE
(Reference Year: Rabi & Kharif of 2008)
2009
Joshi-Adhikari Institute of Social Studies
4, Windsor Place, New Delhi 110001
Phone: 91-11-23711732, 23273894.
Page 2 of 19
Name of the Village - Date of Interview:
Name of the Respondent - Name of Surveyor:
Caste/Community & Religion
1. Household Particulars
Sr.
No.
Name
Sex
(M/
F)
Relation
with the
Head of
the HH
Age in
comple-
ted yrs
Educati-
on
(class
complet-
ed )
Employment* Income**
1 2
1
Income &
Time spent
2
Income &
Time spent
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
* Employment can be more than one. List two main in the table and if more, give details in the comments.
** Income may be spelt out for one day, one month or one year. Also mention time spent in the employment
COMMENTS
Page 3 of 19
2. Land Particulars
Record all land area in local units. Name of the local unit....................
Please specify: 1 acre =.local units.
2.1 Khasra Number or Farm Number
2.2 Land for the house including homestead Farm (0.00)
2.3 Farm Land (0.00)
2.4
Land Area where crop is processed and stored (Also
called Khalihan) (0.00)
2.5 Total Land Owned (0.00)
2.6
Do you have access to the village commons, Eg.
Village Pastures, wells for drinking water, facility for
firewood collection & other community space? (Yes-
1, No-2)
If not, then please mention the reason.
2.7*
Describe type of soil of your farm land in terms of six
land settlement categories.
2.7.1
Do you face the problem of soil degradation, like soil
erosion, salinity, etc.?
2.7.2 What is your suggestion for soil quality improvement?
2.8
Source of Irrigation (Well-1, Borewell-2, Canal-3,
Pond/Lake-4, River-5.)
2.8.1 Is irrigation motorised or not?
2.7* We want to know the productivity of soil for the respective crop. Eg. In Bihar there are six
categories i.e. 3 upland (Taan) and 3 lowland (Don). These categories refer to productivity of soil for
paddy. Low land 3 or Don-3 is most productive and upland 3 is most deficient. Every region would
have terminology for productivity of land. Write the local term and explain its meaning for the
productivity of land.
Page 4 of 19
2.9 Situation of the Farm
Distance of your own farm from the house. (in kms)
Distance of farm from the Market / Mandi. (in kms)
Pl. give details about the owner/s* of the
neighbourhood farms, farm sizes, crops grown & how
these neighbouring farms are irrigated? Please fill in
the diagram given below.
Owner-
Size-
Crop-
Irrigated-
Owner-
Size-
Crop-
Irrigated-
Owner-
Size-
Crop-
Irrigated-
Owner-
Size-
Crop-
Irrigated-
OWN
FARM
Owner-
Size-
Crop-
Irrigated-
Owner-
Size-
Crop-
Irrigated-
Owner-
Size-
Crop-
Irrigated-
Owner-
Size-
Crop-
Irrigated-
2.9 * Owner-We dont want the name of the owner. Please specify owner is resident or non
resident of the village and his caste/community. If neighbourhood farm are of the same size then find
out if larger neighbourhood also contains farms of the same size.
Page 5 of 19
3. Land Ownership Details
3.1 In whose name is the land title?
3.2 How did you get the land? (Bought-1,
Inherited-2, From Govt.-3, Others specify- 4)
3.3 Whether land is singly owned or jointly?
(Single-1, With household members-2, With
others-3)
3.4 Did you lease out land any time during last 10
years? (Yes-1, No-2)
3.5 If yes, specify details below?
Year To whom* How much
(0.00)
What were the
terms of deed?
What were the reasons
for leasing out?
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
* Small Farmer-1, Large Farmer-2, Company-3, Others, specify-4.
Page 6 of 19
3.6 Did you lease in land any time during last 10 years?
(Yes-1, No-2)
3.6.1 If yes, specify details below.
Year From
Whom*
How
much?(0.00)
What were the terms
of the lease deed?
What were the reasons
for leasing in?
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
* Small Farmer-1, Large Farmer-2, Others, specify-4.
3.7 Did you mortgage your land any time during last 10
years? (Yes-1, no-2)
3.7.1 If yes, specify details below.
Year With whom did
you mortgage
your land?
How much land
was mortgaged?
(0.00)
What was the
value of the
mortgage?
What was the
reason for the
mortgage?
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
Page 7 of 19
2001
2000
1999
1998
* Local Money lender -1, Relative/ Friend-2, Input Dealer-3, Institution 4, Others, specify-5.
3.8 Did you sell any portion of your land during last 10
years? (Yes-1, No-2)
3.8.1 If yes, specify details below.
Year To whom
did you
sell?*
How much
portion of
land did you
sell?
At what price
did you sell?
What were the reasons
for selling?
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
*Person of the same village-1, Person outside the village - 2, Company / SEZ 3, Others, specify-4.
Page 8 of 19
4. Assets other than Land
4.1 Physical Assets
4.1.1 Type of House (Kuchcha-1, Pucca-2, Semi Pucca-3)
4.1.2 Size /Area of the house (length and breadth in ft.)
4.1.3 Since when do you have a house?
4.1.4 How did you get the house? (Bought-1, Inherited-2,
From Govt.-3, Others specify- 4)
4.1.5 If bought or built, how did you finance it?
4.2 Vehicles owned (Bullock Cart-1, Bicycle-2,
Motorcycle/Scooter-3, Car-4, Tractor-5, Others-6)
4.2.2 Value of the vehicles owned (In Rs.)
4.2.3 Specify the year of purchase of each of these vehicles?
4.2.4 How did you finance the purchase of the
vehicle/vehicles?
4.3 Agricultural Tools and equipments
List the instruments you have
(eg. Plough, thresher, spade,
hoe, etc.)
Year of
Purchase
Value of
Purchase (In Rs.)
How did you
finance it?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Page 9 of 19
4.4 Financial Assets
4.4.1 Do you have a bank account? (Yes-1, No-2)
4.4.2 If yes, since when do you have this account?
4.4.3 How much deposit you have now? (In Rs.)
4.4.4 Do you have an account in the Post Office?
4.4.5 If yes, since when do you have this account?
4.4.6 How much deposit you have now? (In Rs.)
4.4.7 Do you have Kissan Credit Card?
4.4.8 Which year did you get it?
4.4.9 What is the total value of the card?
4.4.10 If you do not have a Kissan card, what is the reason?
4.5 Debt
4.5.1 How many times did you take loan during last 10 years?
(Between 1998 and 2008)
Year Amount of loan
taken (Rs.)
Source of
loan*
Interest
rate**
Reason for
taking loan
Loan out
-standing
* Local Money lender - 1, Relative/ Friend- 2, Input Dealer-3, Institution like Nationalised Banks,
Cooperative Bank, Private Bank, Micro Finance, SHG 4. Others, specify-5
** Simple Interest-1, Compound Interest-2.
Page 10 of 19
4.6 Other Financial Assets Quantity Value in Rs.
Specify other valuables, like gold, silver, utensils, etc.
4.7 Livestock Assets
Type Number Year of Purchase
or possession
Value in
Rs.
If purchased, how did you
finance it, or get it?
Cow
Bullock
Buffalo
Goat
Others
(Specify)
4.7.1 Maintenance of Livestock
Feed where from you get the feed for the livestock?
Cost of the feed-(daily/monthly)
Do you find veterinary services satisfactory?
Is water available for the livestock clean and hygienic?
4.7.2 Income from the livestock (During last one year)
Page 11 of 19
5. Cropping Pattern (Ref: Rabi & Kharif of 2008)
5.1 Cropping pattern
Crop Area Cultivated
Whether
the crop
was
insured
Sowing
month
Harve-
sting
month Owned Land Leased
in land
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
5.2 Change in Cropping Pattern
5.2.1* During last 10 years, was there any change in the cropping
pattern? (Yes-1, No-2).
5.2.2 If yes, specify the years.
5.2.3 Specify the crops replaced.
5.2.4 Specify the new crops grown.
5.2.5 Area under each changed crop.
5.2.6 Reason for changing the cropping
pattern.
* If the response comes to this question as NO, but if there were any changes before 10 years of
period, please write that and specify the year of change. If the changes were done more than 4 times,
than use the blank space to register all the details. Similarly if crops replaced and new crops grown
exceeds the space given, then use another sheet of paper.
Page 12 of 19
6. Input Costs (Ref: Rabi & Kharif of 2008)
6.1 Labour Input
6.1.1 Processes Method
(extent of
Mechan-
isation)
Domestic
Labour (No.
of Days
worked)
Wage Labour
(No. of
Days)
Wage Rate
(Rs.)
Total
Expenses
*
Female Male Female Male Female Male
Ploughing
Sowing
Planting
Weeding
Harvestin
g
Threshing
Others
6.2 Do these farmers help each others in their farming operations informally? What are
these processes of informal cooperation called?
6.3 Changes during Last 10 years
Yes-1
No-2
How?
6.3.1 Has there been any change in the Method of
farming? (Yes-1, No-2)
Has there been any change in the domestic labour
input? (Yes-1, No-2)
Has there been any change in the wage labour
input? (Yes-1, No-2)
Has there been any change in the wage rate?
* If a tractor, harvester or any other machine is hired then the hiring charges should be included in the total
expenses.
Page 13 of 19
6.4 Seed Details
Crops Seed Variety Seed
Quantity
Total expenses
on seed
Source
of seed
Remarks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
6.4.1 Was there any change in seed variety during last 10 years? (Y-1, N-2)
Crops Yr. Of
change
Seed Variety Qty. of
seed per
acre
Expense
on seed
per acre
Source
of seed
Remarks
(The change
was beneficial
or adverse?)
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
6.5 Ask whether any rare traditional indigenous varieties of seeds
are preserved in the household. (Yes-1, No-2)
If yes, give crop wise details.
Page 14 of 19
6.6 Fertiliser (F)/ Manure (M) used
Crops Type of F/M Qty. of
F/M
Total Expense Source Remarks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
6.6.1 Was there any change in fertiliser/Manure variety during last 10 years?
(Yes-1, No-2)
Crops Yr. Of
change
F/M Variety Qty. of
F/M per
acre
Expense
on F/M
per acre
Source
of F/M
Remarks
(The change
was
beneficial or
adverse?)
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Page 15 of 19
6.7 Pesticides and Weedicides Used
Crops Type of
Pest./ Weed.
Qty. Total
Expense
Source Remarks
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
6.7.1 Was there any change in pesticide/weedicide variety during last 10
years? (Y-1, N-2)
Crops Yr. Of
change
P/W Variety Qty. of
P/W per
acre
Expense
on P/W
per acre
Source
of P/W
Remarks
(The change
was
beneficial or
adverse?)
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Old
New
Page 16 of 19
7. Production and Marketing (Ref: Rabi & Kharif of 2008)
7.1 Crop wise Total Production
Name of the
Crop
Specify
unit
Total
Production
Home
consumption
Qty.
Sold
Qty. retained for
seeds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
7.2 Sale of the Produce
7.2.1 Mandi/Market
Crop
Buyer
*
Qty.
in
Qtls.
Grading
**
Price
per
unit
Payment
Schedule
Expense on
transport, loading,
unloading, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
* Buyer: Middlemen/Trader-1, Local Company-2, Big Company-3, FCI-4
** Grading: Different crops have different criteria of grading, like moisture content for Soya bean
or staple length for cotton. When a farmer goes to sell the produce, the grade is decided for fixing the
price. Please note the grade of crop as mentioned by the farmer.
Page 17 of 19
7.2.2 Local Traders
Crop Qty. in
Qtls.
Grading
*
Price
per unit
Payment
Schedule
Exp. on transport,
loading, unloading, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
7.2.3 Company
Crop Qty. in
Qtls.
Grading
*
Price
per unit
Payment
Schedule
Exp. on transport,
loading, unloading, etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
* Grading: Different crops have different criteria of grading, like moisture content for Soya bean or
staple length for cotton. When a farmer goes to sell the produce, the grade is decided for fixing the
price. Please note the grade of the crop as mentioned by the farmer.
Page 18 of 19
7.2.4 Any Other
Crop Qty. in
Qtls.
Grading
*
Price
per unit
Payment
Schedule
Exp. on transport,
loading, unloading,
etc.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
7.3 During last 10 years was there
any change in your buyer or
market structure?
Year Year Year Year
7.3.1 If yes, specify the reasons.
7.4 During last 10 years was there
any change in the location of the
market/mandi or the place where
you used to sell?
7.4.1 If yes, specify the reasons.
7.5 During last 10 years, was there
any change in grading or
weighing procedure, and
abolition of middlemen? Give
year wise detail.
* Grading: Different crops have different criteria of grading, like moisture content for Soya bean or
staple length for cotton. When a farmer goes to sell the produce, the grade is decided for fixing the
price. Please note the grade of crop as mentioned by the farmer.
Page 19 of 19
8. Households Total Income in Rs.
Year 2008 2007 2006 2005
8.1 Income from Crops
8.2 Income from wages
8.3 Income from livestock
8.4 Income from other sources
8.5 Total Income
8.6 How did you utilise the income?
8.7 Give detailed description of subsidiary earning activities.
8.8 What problems do you face in agriculture in terms of soil, water quality and
availability, pests, climate changes, livestock, diseases? And what prospects do
you see to improve the situation?
8.9 Do you have any experience of formal Cooperatives-like cooperative
marketing or seed cooperative, dairy, fisheries, etc.?
A Script of Agrarian Crisis
THE STUDY TEAM
The study was conducted under the guidance of Shri S P Shukla.
CORE TEAM
Dr. Jaya Mehta | Shanta Venkatraman | Vineet Tiwari |
Sunita Kumari | Roshan Nair | Sarika Shrivastava | Vinod Koshti
SURVEY TEAM
Andhra Pradesh
State Coordinator : Kolli Nageshwar Rao and Dr. Vijaylakhshmi Reddy
Field Investigators : C. Mallikarjun | B. Ramesh | G. Rajeshwar Rao | A. Ramesh
Bihar
State Coordinator : Late Harihar Prasad
Field Investigators : Birendra Singh | Kumar Gautam | Rajvind Kamat |
Ranjan K. Mondal
Kerala
State Coordinator : I. V. Sasankan
Field Investigators : C.M. Madhu | P.V. Rajappan | Karimbil Kunhikrishnan |
Dr. Ambi Chirayil
Madhya Pradesh
State Coordinator : Janak Rathor
Field Investigators : Ravi Rajak | Sarika Shrivastava
Maharashtra
State Coordinator : Afsar Jafri
Field Investigators : Chandrakant Wadaskar | Kiran Mhatre |
Jyotiram Atmaram Hurkude | Rana Rajpal Singh
A Script of Agrarian Crisis
Punjab
State Coordinator : Gurnam Kanwar
Field Investigators : Devinder Nangli | Balkaran Singh Brar | Sandeep Singh Dolike
Tamil Nadu
State Coordinator : Suresh Kanna
Field Investigators : Sumati | Mahendran | John
West Bengal
State Coordinator : Dr. Sudipta Bhattacharya
Field Investigators : Rajiv De | Samir Paramanik
DATA COMPILATION
Farokh Daji | Roshan Nair | Archishman Raju | Sachin Shrivastava | Vibhor Mishra
TRANSLATION
Tamil : Vatsala Raman
Malayalam : Ms. Joseph | Tibin Thomas
Punjabi : Sandeep Singh Dolike
Telugu : Rajeshwari Rao
Marathi : Mahadeo Sukhtankar
Bengali : Rajeev De
Report Preparation
Rajnish Shrivastav | Mohit Srivastava | Shruti Jain | Manish Shrivastava
Cover Design
Rajnish Shrivastava
* We would like to remember Late Comrade R P Nene here who not only helped
organising the regional meetings in Pune with Shanta Tai Ranaede very enthusiastically
but also bestowed us with his encyclopedic knowledge.
We shall not lose heart, no matter which turn history takes. But we shall not
allow history to take any turn without our participation, without the active
intervention of the advanced class.
V. I Lenin (From The Land Question and The Rural Poor)