ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTORS

University of Houston and Offshore Magazine wish to acknowledge the following individuals and companies who continue to support our efforts
to educate and inform the oil and gas industry on the status of mooring systems.
ABS: Judy Murray, John Stiff and Kenneth Huang; Aker Solutions: Tom Plank, and John-Otto Nilsen; Balltec: Martin Bell, and Emma Corrie; Bardex: Stephen Jones; Bluewater
Industries, Inc: Jamie Armstrong; Bridon: Chris Leonard, Tony Tarabochia, and Troy Rybicki; Bruce Anchor: David Ledgerwood; C-Ray Media: Connie Gray, Nanette McNair,
Samara Barks, and Jalil Whitmore; DCL Mooring & Rigging: Rick Hall Doris, and Richard D. Haun; Delmar US: Even Zimmerman, and Robert Garrity; First Subsea: Valerie
Pylypiw, and Greg Campbell-Smith; Grahherne: Richard DSourza and Sai Majhi; InterMoor: Jonathon Miller, Florence Kosmala, and Todd Veselis; Lankhorst Ropes: Geeske
Terpstra; LeBeon Manufacturing: Aurelien Le Floch, and Clement Mochet; MODEC: Ken Turner; National Oilwell Varco: Charyl Smerek, Geir Hovde, and Tatjana Tanya Brestovac;
Parker Hannifin Corporation: Brian Compton, and Eldon E. Thomas; Pennwell: Jessica Tippee, Mary Sumner, Roger Kingswell, and Daniel Bernard; Quest Offshore: Matt Gross,
and Paul Hillegeist; Sigma Offshore: Allan Millmaker; Tex Ocean: Donnie Newman; Vrhof Anochors: Erik Rykers, and Thomas Agnevall
Information Accuracy: We have attempted to use correct and current, as of press time, information for the mooring systems and equipment described herein. No installed, sanctioned,
nor pending application was intentionally excluded. We have summarized the capability and operating experience by acting as a neutral party and integrator of information. Information
has been collected from public sources, company brochures, personal interviews, phone interviews, press releases, industry magazines, vendor-supplied information, and web sites. No
guarantee is made that information is accurate or all-inclusive. Neither University of Houston nor Offshore Magazine guarantees or assumes any responsibility or liability for any partys
use of the information presented. If any information is found to be incorrect, not current, or has been omitted, please send comments to: jchristi@central.uh.edu and gksheridan@uh.edu.
2013 Offshore
POSTER
108
TABLE 1 ABBREVIATIONS
AP Anchor Pile
C&P&W Chain-Poly-Wire
C&W Chain & Wire
CALM Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring
C2R Chain To Rope Connector
C2C Chain To Chain Connector
DEA Drag Embedded Anchor
Dr. P Driven Pile
ET External Turret
FPSO Floating Production Storage & Offloading
HHP High Holding Power
IT Internal Turret
JSY Jacket Soft Yoke
MODU Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit
RTM Riser Turret Mooring
R2R Rope to Rope Connector
R2C Rope to Chain Connector
SALM Single Anchor Leg Mooring
SCM Spread Catenary Mooring
SEA Suction Embedded Anchor
SEMI Semi Submersible
SEPLA Suction Embedded Plate Anchor
SM Spread Mooring
SP Suction Pile
STM Spread Taut Mooring
STP Submerged Turret Mooring
TLP Tension Leg Platform
VLA Vertical Loaded Anchor
POSTER COLOR CODE KEY
The poster is divided into distinct sections and
each section is marked by a background color. The
color denotes the subject section. This color code is
carried throughout the poster. Below are the color
code designations for each of the themes.
MOORING INTEGRITY
MOORING EQUIPMENT
MOORING LINES
CONNECTORS
MOORING ANCHORS
MAP
MOORING SYSTEM ELEVATIONS
MOORING PATTERNS, TYPES, CONFIGURATIONS
TABLE 2 OTHER OFFSHORE MOORING INFO. SOURCES
Recommended Papers, Manuals, and other documents
for additional knowledge
PLANNING & INSTALLATION OF DEEPWATER MOORING SYSTEMS - VARIOUS PROJECTS
1 OTC 23223 2013 COOEC/COTEC LIUHUA 11-1 FPS Mooring Upgrade
2 OCT 23083-MS 2012 LLOG/WHITEHILL/DELMAR WHO DAT Project Mooring System
3 ISOPE I-10-470 2010 OFFSHORE OIL ENG. CO. STP Moooring System in China
4 OTC 21018-MS 2010 InterMoor/ATP OIL & GAS MIRAGE/TELEMARK MinDOC Mooring
5 OTC 18587-MS 2007 ENTERPRISE INDEPENDENCE HUB Mooring Sys
6 OTC 17294-MS 2005 TECHNIP/DOVE MARINE RED HAWK Spar Mooring System
7 OTC 16702-MS 2004 SHELL/HEEREMA Na Kika DW Mooring Project
MOORING SYSTEM INSPECTION, TESTING, AND QUALIFICATION
1 OTC 24184-MS 2013 WELAPTEGA MARINE LTD. Risk Based Inspection Plan
2 OTC 24080-MS 2013 SBM/LANKHORST THUNDER HAWK Fatigue Testing
3 OMAE2012-84067 2012 InterMoor Microbiological Corrosion
4 OTC 20779 2010 WELAPTEGA MARINE LTD. In-Service Inspection
DESIGN & OPERATIONAL ISSUES
1 OTC 24214 2013 SEVAN MARINE Op Experience with Cylindrical FPSO
2 OTC 23814-MS 2012 HEIDEMAN / BLUEWATER Arctic Turret Mooring System
3 OMAE2011-49855 2011 SOFEC/DELFT UNIVERSITY Squall Mooring Design
4 IDOTS D-09-004 2009 RESEARH & DEV./SOFEC Mooring in Harsh Environments
INTEGRITY & LESSONS LEARNED
1 OTC 24025-MS 2013 BP/TOTAL/SHELL Mooring System Integrity Issues
2 OTC 24181 2013 GRANHERNE (KBR) Lessons Learned from FPS Moorings
3 ISOPE I-12-563 2012 AMOG CINSULTING & Others SCORCH JIP - Chain Corrosion
4 OTC 21012-MS 2010 SOFEC Anchor Leg System Integrity
5 OTC 19198-MS 2008 STRESS ENGINEERING Polyester Mooring Integrity
6 OTC 17499-MS 2005 NOBLE DENTON & Others Floating Prod. Mooring Integrity JIP
SYNTHETIC FIBER MOORING SYSTEMS
1 OTC 23333-MS 2012 DYNEEMA/LANKHORST HMPE Fiber for DW Mooring
2 OTC 22218 2011 STRESS ENG. Evaluation of Advance Fibers
3 OTC 20838 2010 DEMLAR SYSTEMS Fiber Mooring - Recent Experiences
4 OTC 20836-MS 2010 BP & Others Changes in Update of AP RP 2SM
5 OTC 20155-MS 2009 SAMSON/DELMAR Hurricane Proof Mooring System
6 OTC 18768-MS 2007 TENSION TECHNOLOGY Polyester Mooring Line
7 OTC 17247-MS 2005 TECHNIP/KERR-MCGEE RED HAWK System Design & Verif.
8 OTC16590 2004 BP/STRESS ENG/UNION MAD DOG Polyester Mooring
Go to www.onepetro.org to order the OTC (Offshore Technology Conference), SPE (Society of
Petroleum Engineers), and ISOPE (The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers) papers
listed in Table 2.
OTHER SOURCES - BOOKS, E-BOOKS, WEB SITES
1 BOOK: DEEPWATER MMORING SYSTEMS - Concepts, Design, Analysis, and Materials
Edited by Jun Zhang, Richard Mercier; 2003, 360 Pages
2 E-BOOK: JIP FPS MOORING INTEGRITY (2006), 313 Pages
www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr444.pdf
3 E-BOOK: VRYHOF 2010 ANCHOR MANUAL; 188 Pages; www.vryhof.com/anchor_manual.pdf
4 E-BOOK: Classification of Mooring Systems for Permanent Offshore Units (April, 2012);
54 Pages
www.veristar.com/content/static/veristarinfo/images/4851.32.493NR_2012-04.pdf
5 ON-LINE COURSE: Technology University of Delft (Netherlands);
http://ocw.tudelft.nl/courses/offshore-engineering/offshore-moorings/course-home/
6 BOOK: The Unviersity of Texas Publication: Spread Mooring Systems, 2nd Edition;
http://www.utexas.edu/ce/petex/aids/pubs/spread-mooring/
7 BOOK: Engineers Design Guide to Deepwater Fibre Moorings, By Oil Pub (2005)
MOORING STANDARDS
1 API Spec 2F - Mooring Chain (1997) - Currently in Revision
2 API RP 2I - In-service Inspection of Mooring Hardware for Floating Structures (2008).
3 API RP 2SK - Design & Analysis of Stationkeeping Sys. for Floating Str. (Add.2008)
4 API RP 2SM - Recommended Practice for Synthetic Fiber Ropes (Add. 2007) A new
revision is currently in the Balloting Phase.
5 ISO 19901-7 Station-keeping systems for floating offshore structures (Rev)
6 ISO 19904-01 Floating offshore structures
7 2GEO - Geotechnical Analysis of Mooring Anchors - Is a new standard in development.
8 2MIM - Mooring Integrity Management. Is a new standard to be released.
9 DNV GL: http://www.dnv.com/resources/rules_standards/index.asp
CLASS SOCIETIES GUIDANCE DOCUMENTS ON MOORING SYSTEMS & INSTALLATION
Class societies regulate the implementation of the guidelines set forth in the standards by
giving specific steps to follow for class approval of a mooring system or installation.
1. American Bureau of Shipping (ABS): www.eagle.org then go to Resources > Rules &
Guides > Downloads
2. Bureau Veritas: www.veristar.com/wps/portal/bvrules
3. DNV GL: www.dnv.com/resources/rules_standards/index.asp
4. Lloyd's Register: www.webstore.lr.org/category/1-marine.aspx
Courtesy of University of Houston, College of Technology, Petroleum Technology Initiative
M A G A Z I N E
1455 West Loop South, Suite 400
Houston, TX 77027
Tel: 713-963-6200 Fax: 713-963-6296
www.offshore-mag.com
The University of Houston
www.uh.edu Tel: 713 743 2255
4800 Calhoun Road Houston, TX
77004-2693
MOORING SYSTEMS FOR OFFSHORE
FLOATING INSTALLATIONS
Trends & Technology
OCTOBER 2013
Prepared by: Manoochehr Bozorgmehrian, Manjunath Terwad, and Vani Aparna Peri Former Graduate Students, University of Houston
With Assistance From: Jack Christiansen and Galina Sheridan of the University of Houston, College of Technology, Petroleum Technology Initiative,
www.uh.edu/technology/pti; Kurt Albaugh of Repsol E&P USA; David Davis, Mary Sumner and Jessica Tippee of Offshore Magazine;
Jonathan Miller of InterMoor; and Amy Hendrix GIS Consultant
E-Mail Comments, Correction or Additions to: jchristi@central.uh.edu and gksheridan@uh.edu
CHART 1: OFFSHORE MOORING SUPPLIER MATRIX (AS OF SEPT., 2013)
MOORING
CLASSIFICATION &
CERTIFICATION
OFFSHORE OIL & GAS MOORING SYSTEM & SERVICE COMPONENT PROVIDERS
AKER SOLUTIONS
akersolutions.com
AMOG CONSULTING
Amogconsulting.com
ABS
eagle.org
API
API.ORG
BUREAU VERITAS
Veritas.com
DNV
DNV.ORG
LLOYDS REGISTER
LR.ORG
CORTLAND COMPANY
cortlandcompany.com
BOSKALIS OFFSHORE
boskalis.com/offshore
MOORING LINE
COMPONENTS
SBM OFFSHORE
sbmoffshore.com
SIGMA OFFSHORE
SIGMAOFFSHORE.COM
SOFEC
sofec.com
TECHNIP
technip.com
VIKING SEA TECH AS
vikingseatech.com
VRYHOF
ENGINEERING Ltd.
Vryhof.com
WORLEYPARSONS
Worleyparsons.com
TURRET
DESIGNERS/
SUPPLIERS
MOORING
SYSTEM
INSTALLERS/PM
MOORING
MONITORING/
INSTRUMENTATION
BLUEWATER
bluewater.com
LONDON MARINE
CONSULTANTS
londonmarine.co.uk
NOV (FORMERLY APL)
nov.com/Production/Floating_
Production_Solutions.aspx
ORWELL OFFSHORE
orwelloffshore.com
SBM
sbmoffshore.com
SIGMA OFFSHORE
Sigmaoffshore.com
SOFEC
sofec.com
BMT SCIENTIFIC
MARINE SERVICES
Scimar.com
ASTRO TECHNOLOGY
astrotechnology.com
FUGRO GEOS
Geos.com/
offshore-systems/
INTERMOOR/PULSE
STRUCTURAL MONITORING
InterMoor.com
MEASUREMENT
TECHNOLOGY NW
mtnw-usa.com.com
NESSCO
Nessco.rig.net
STRAINSTALL
Strainstall.no
TRELLEBORG MARINE
SYSTEMS
Trelleborg.com/marine
WFS SUBSEA
wfs-tech.com
2HOFFSHORE
2hoffshore.com
BALLTEC
Balltec.com
BRUCE ANCHOR
bruceanchor.co.uk
FEUERSTEIN GMBH
feubo.com
GROFSMEDERII
NIEUWKOOP B.V.
gnweb.com
DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com
MOORING BUOYS/
BUOYANCY
FIRST SUBSEA
firstsubsea.com
FLINTSTONE TECHNOLOGY
flint-tech.com/subsea.html
GREENPIN
greenpin.com
FRANKLIN OFFSHORE
INTERNATIONAL
franklin.com.sg
GUNNEBO JOHNSON CORP
gunnebojohnson.com
InterMoor
intermoor.com
LeBeon Manufacturing
le-beon.com
LHR MARINE/FEURSTEIN
lhrmarine.com
KOHLSWA GJUTERI AB
kohlswagjuteri.se
MILLER LIFTING
millerproducts.net
BOSKALIS OFFSHORE
boskalis.com/offshore
DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com
InterMoor
intermoor.com
EMAS AMC
emas.com
MCDERMOTT
INTERNATIONAL, INC.
mcdermott.com
HEEREMA MARINE
CONTRACTORS (HMC)
hmc.heerema.com
JUMBO OFFSHORE
Jumbo-offshore.nl
OFFSHORE INSTALLATION
SERVICES LTD. (OIS)
ois-ltd.com
SBM OFFSHORE
sbmoffshore.com
SOUTHGATE MARINE &
OFFSHORE SERVICES LTD.
Southgatemarine.com
SUBSEA 7
le-beon.com
TECHNIP
technip.com
VIKING SEA TECH AS
vikingseatech.com
MOORLINK
moorlink.com
OIL STATES
Oilstates.com
SMITH BERGER MARINE
smithberger.com
VICINAY MARINE
Vicinaymarine.com
THE CROSBY GROUP
thecrosbygroup.com
OCEANSIDE
EQUIPMENT LTD.
ALLOY WIRE
INTERNATIONAL
alloywire.com
ARCELOMITTAL
Arcelormittal.com/
wiresolutions
BRIDON
INTERNATIONAL LTD
bridonltd.com
BROOKFIELDWIRE
brookfieldwire.com
DCL MOORING & RIGGING
dcl-usa.com
KISWIRE LTD
kiswire.com
MOORLINK
moorlink.com
PARKER HANNIFIN
CORPORATION
parker.com
REDAELLI TECNA S.P.A.
redaelli.com
SCANROPE
scanropemarine.com
TOKYO WIRE ROPE
tokyorope.co.jp
USHA MARTIN
ushamartin.com
WASHINGTON CHAIN
& SUPPLY
wachain.com
BRIDON
bridon.com
CORTLAND COMPANY
cortlandcompany.com
CSL ROPES
cslropes.com.br
DSR CORP
dsrcorp.com
LANKHORST EURO NETE
lankhorsteuronete.com
OTS
otsas.no
PARKER SCANROPE AS
scanrope.no
SAMSON
samsonrope.com
TEUFELBERGER
teufelberger.com/en
TRION Co., Ltd
trioncorp.co.kr
UNIROPE
unirope.com
WHITEHILL
MANUFACTURING
whitehillmfg.com
FIBER ROPES STEEL WIRES CHAINS
COLUMBUS MCKINNON
CORPORATION
cmworks.com
COORDINATED
COMPANIES
ceccwrr.com
DAI HAN ANCHOR CHAIN
MFG. CO., LTD.
dhac.co.kr
DSR CORP
dsrcorp.com
DCL MOORING & RIGGING
dcl-usa.com
HAMANAKA CHAIN MFG.
CO. LTD.
hamanaka-chain.co.jp
JIANGSU ASIAN STAR
ANCHOR CHAIN CO. LTD
anchor-chain.com
KETTENFABRIK MESTER
GMBH
mesterkette.com
LAIWU STEEL ZIBO
ANCHOR CHAIN CO., LTD.
lgchains.com
SANMAR CHAIN
INTERNATIONAL PTE LTD.
sci-chain.com
SOTRA ANCHOR & CHAIN
Sotra.net
UNIROPE
unirope.com
VICINAY MARINE
Vicinaymarine.com
WASHINGTON CHAIN
& SUPPLY
wachain.com
ZHENGMAO GROUP CO. LTD.
Zszhongnan.com
MARIT
marit.fr
RAMNAS BRUK AB
ramnas.com
BRUCE ANCHOR
bruceanchor.co.uk
BLADT INDUSTRIES AS
bladt.dk
CANYON OFFSHORE
helixesg.com
DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com
DCL MOORING & RIGGING
dcl-usa.com
InterMoor
intermoor.com
InterMoor
intermoor.com
MENCK
menck.com
SOTRA ANCHOR &
CHAIN
SOTRA.NET
SPT OFFSHORE
sptoffshore.com
VIKING SEA TECH AS
vikingseatech.com
VRYHOF ANCHORS B.V.
vryhof.com
ANCHORS &
SUCTION PILES ACCESSORIES MOORING SYSTEM
ENGINEERING
Aker Pusnes AS
akersolutions.com
AMCLYDE
rokrem.com
BODEWES
bodewes.com
OIL STATES SKAGIT
SMATCO
Oilstates.com
ROLLSROYCE
Rolls-royce.com
TIMBERLAND
EQUIPMENT
Timberland-group.com
APPLETON MARINE, INC.
Appletonmarine.com
BROHL
Broehl.de
NOV
nov.com
RAPP MARINE
Rappmarine.com
AKER SOLUTIONS
akersolutions.com
BARDEX Corporation
bardex.com
NOV
nov.com
SMITHBERGER
smithberger.com
BROHL
Broehl.de
ROLLSROYCE
Rolls-royce.com
TIMBERLAND EQUIPMENT
Timberland-group.com
TRELLEBORG MARINE
SYSTEMS
Trelleborg.com/marine
WINCHES FAIRLEADS, CHAIN
STOPPERS, CHAIN JACKS
CONNECTORS,
SHACKLES, CHASERS
BALMORAL
balmoral-offshore.com
CRP
crpgroup.com
DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com
DCL MOORING & RIGGING
dcl-usa.com
InterMoor
InterMoor.com
InterMoor
InterMoor.com
InterMoor
InterMoor.com
DEEPSEA GROUP LTD.
Deepseaeng.com
DELMAR SYSTEMS
delmarus.com
FLOATEC
Floatec.com
HOUSTON OFFSHORE
ENGINEERING
Houston-offshore.com
InterMoor
InterMoor.com
KBR (GRANHERNE
SUBSIDIARY)
KBR.com
LOC NORGE AS
LOC-GROUP.COM
LONDON MARINE
CONSULTANTS
LONDONMARINE.CO.UK
MCS KENNY
mcskenny.com
MOORING SYSTEM
SOLUTIONS PTY LTD.
(MOORSURE)
Moorsure.com.au
OFFSPRING
INTERNATIONAL (OIL)
offspringinternational.com
CORTLAND COMPANY
cortlandcompany.com
Data Source: UH Research, Mustang Engineering/Offshore Magazine, and Quest Offshore Databases for mooring system data and Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, and the GIS User Community for the world map data.
Prepared By: University of Houston, College of Technology,
Petroleum Technology Initiative & Amy Hendrix, GIS Consultant
4
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Canada/US Atlantic
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
4
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Egypt/Libya/Tunisia
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
83%
17%
15
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Spanish Mediterranean
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
75%
25%
8
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
North Sea
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
48%
48%
4%
7
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Adriatic/Italy
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
14
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Caspian Sea
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
16
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Qatar/Iran/UAE
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
50%
50%
17
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
India
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
50%
50%
18
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Sakhalin
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
25
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
China/Vietnam
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
78%
22%
20
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Philippines
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
24
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Malaysia
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
50%
40%
10%
21
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Indonesia
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
66%
28%
6%
22
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
GOM
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
57%
34%
9%
1
1
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Colombia/Venezuela
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
2
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Peru
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
3
2
3
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Brazil
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
72%
28%
5
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Mauritania
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
6
5
6
13
12
11
10 9
15
17
18
19
20
24
21
22
23
26
25
16
8 14
7
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Ghana/Ivory Coast
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
80%
20%
9
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Nigeria
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
68%
32%
10
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Cameroon to Congo
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
66%
17%
17%
11
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Angola
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
50%
41%
9%
12
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
South Africa
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
50%
50%
13
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Thailand/Myanmar
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
19
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Australia
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
93%
7%
23
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
New Zealand
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
Tendon Moored
100%
26
TABLE 3: THE APPLICATION OF MOORING SYSTEMS vs. OFFSHORE FACILITY TYPES
MOORING SYSTEMS
D - DISCONNECTABLE
P -PERM
ANENT
OFFSHORE STRUCTURE TYPES
MOORING LINE TYPES
OFFSHORE ANCHOR
TYPES TEMPORARY PERMANENT/PRODUCTION
MODU TLP SEMI SPAR BUOY
NON-SHIP FPSO
SHIP PILE
DEA
PLATE ANCHOR
SEM
I -
SUBM
ERSIBLE
DRILL SHIP
(DP RIG)
SERVICE VESSEL
FLOATEL
CONVENTIONAL
& M
INI-TLP
PRODUCTION
SEM
I
TRUSS SPAR
CLASSIC SPAR
CELL SPAR
LOADING/PROD.
BUOY
CONTROL BUOY
FPSO
LNG SHIP
FLNG SHIP
SHUTTLE
TANKER
CHAIN
W
IREROPE
POLYSTER FIBER
COM
BINED LINE
STEEL PIPE
SUCTION PILE
DRIVEN PILE
SPREAD
MOORING
CATENARY P
TAUT P
TENDONS & AP TENSION P
SINGLE POINT MOORINGTURRET
INTERNAL D/P
EXTERNAL D/P
CALM
FIXED YOKE D
SOFT YOKE D
HAWSER D
SALM
TUBULAR RISER & YOKE D
CHAIN RISER & HAWSER D
0% 5% 10%
Worldwide Percentage (%)
Country/R
egion
15% 20% 25%
Tedons
Spread Moored
Turret Moored
BRAZIL 22.1%
14.8%
12.1%
11.2%
8.7%
6.8%
5.0%
5.0%
5.0%
4.1%
1.8%
1.8%
1.6%
NORTH SEA
GOM
MALAYSIA/INDONESIA
AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND
ANGOLA
NIGERIA
CAMEROON TO CONGO
OTHER AFRICA
OTHER AMERICAS
OTHER ASIA
MEDITERRANEAN/CASPIAN/
EGYPT/LIBYA/TUNISIA
CHINA/VIETNAM/THAILAND/
MYANMAR/PHILIPPINES
GRAPH 1: MOORING SYSTEM TRENDS BY REGION
WORLDWIDE OFFSHORE MOORING TRENDS (As of September 2013)
LIST OF APPROVED MANUFACTURES For Mooring Chain, Anchors, Wire Rope
1. AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING: APPROVED MANUFACTURERS SHIP ANCHOR AND OFFSHORE MOORING CHAIN
(Updated weekly by ABS)
http://www.eagle.org/eagleExternalPortalWEB/ShowProperty/BEA%20Repository/AppProdsMFG/ApprovedListings/27CChain
2. Lloyds Register Group Limited (LR): List 9a list of Approved Manufacturers of Chain Cable for Ships and Offshore Mooring
https://www.cdlive.lr.org/information/Documents/Approvals/ApprovedManufactures/list9a.pdf
3. Lloyds Register Group Limited (LR): List 9b Approved Manufacturers of Fittings for Chain Cable
https://www.cdlive.lr.org/information/Documents/Approvals/ApprovedManufactures/list9b.pdf
4. Lloyds Register Group Limited (LR): List 11 Approved Manufacturers of Steel Wire Rope
https://www.cdlive.lr.org/information/Documents/Approvals/ApprovedManufactures/list11.pdf
Note 1: The companies shown on this supplier matrix represent those companies that are service providers, component providers or manufacturers of the components. Prepared By University of Houston,
College of Technology, PetroleumTechnology Initiative
Fig. 1: PUSNES Rotary Windlass
Courtesy: Aker Solutions Pusnes
Fig. 9: Fairlead Above Waterline
Courtesy: NOV
Fig. 11: Fairleads On Semi MODU Hull ColumnFairlead & Stopper
Courtesy: Aker Solutions
Fig. 10: BARDEXs BarLatch Fairlead Stoppers On Totals CLOV FPSO Hull
Fairlead & Stopper
Courtesy: BARDEX
Fig. 4: Chain Jack on Kikeh Spar Hull
Courtesy: BARDEX
Fig. 6: BARDEXs Moveable Chain Jack on LLOGs Opti-EX Semi-FPS
Courtesy: BARDEX
Fig. 2: Chain Jacks: Pusnes Roller RamWinches on Perdido Spar
Courtesy: Aker Solutions Pusnes
Fig. 3: Chain Jacks Aker Solutions - Pusnes
RamWincheson the Devils Tower spar platform
in the Gulf of Mexico at a depth of 1,720m.
MOORING EQUIPMENT - WINCHES, FAIRLEADS AND CHAIN STOPPERS
OFFSHORE MOORING PATTERNS (FOR TEMPORARY & PERMANENT MOORING)
MOORING LINE CONFIGURATIONS
TYPES OF MOORING SYSTEMS
Fig. 5: Bardex Linear Chain Jack.
Chain is Mechanically Held at All Times.
Latches can not be released while under load.
Used for SPAR, FPSO, and TLP Mooring and
Tensioning Systems.
Courtesy: BARDEX
Fig. 7: Bardexs BarLatch Fairlead & Stopper
Courtesy: BARDEX
Fig. 8: Bardexs
BarLatch Fairlead
& Stopper
Courtesy: BARDEX
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OFFSHORE MOORING LINES SAMPLE ASSEMBLIES
Fig. 1: Elevation View of Polyester VLA Taut-Leg Preset Mooring Leg (Temporary Mooring)
MOORING LINE COMPONENT TYPES: WIRE ROPE, POLYESTER FIBER ROPE, AND CHAIN
1. WIRE ROPE 2. FIBER ROPE (Typically Polyester)
Fig. 2: Taut Leg Moored Semi FPS with Suction Pile (Permanent Mooring)
MOORING SYSTEMS INTEGRITY ISSUES ON FPSs
Trend: The purpose of this Section is to make the industry aware of integrity issues & trends with regards to Mooring
Systems for FPSs. According to OTC Paper 24181 the analysis indicates a trend in which the intended design
performance of moorings does not meet operational performance
1999 2000 2001
Year
Early Life Failure (Infant Mortality, First Yr. of Ops.)
M
ooring Years in Service
2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2004
W. Africa FPSO
W. Africa FPSO
N. Sea STL Buoy
2
0
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
W. Africa FPSO
GOM Spar
W. Africa FPSO
GOM Spar W. Africa FPSO
GOM Spar
GOM Spar N. Sea FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
W. Africa FPSO
W. Africa FPSO
W. Africa FPSO W. Africa FPSO
S.E. Asia CALM
W. Africa FPSO
W. Africa
CALM
W. Africa FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
W. Africa
FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
E. Canada FPSO
E. Canada
FPSO
S.E. Asia CALM
GOM Spar
N. Sea FPSO
S. China FPSO
N. Sea
FPSO
N. Sea
FPSO N. Sea Semi
N. Sea FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
N. Sea FPSO
W. Africa FPSO
GOM FPSO
W. Africa CALM
S. China FPSO
Catastrophic Failure
Multiple Line Failures
Pre-Emptive Action/Replacement
Single Line Mooring Failures
0
1
1
6
2
Age by Operational Year
M
ooring Failures
3
1
4 6 7 8 9
1
10
2 2 2 2
11 12
1
13
3
14 15 16 17 18
1
19 20 5
1
2
1
3
5
0
4
6
0 5 10
No. of Mooring Component Failures
15
CHAIN 10
5 WIRE ROPE
4 CONNECTOR
1 YOKE COLUMN
1 POLYESTER ROPE
GRAPH 3: MOORING COMPONENT FAILURES
(2001-2011)
0 5 10
No. of Breaks
15 20 25
CHAIN 22
14 WIRE ROPE
4 CONNECTOR
1 YOKE COLUMN
1 POLYESTER ROPE
GRAPH 4: MOORING BREAKS/COLLAPSE
(2001-2011)
GRAPH 1: INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE MOORING FAILURE AND PRE-EMPTIVE ACTION EVENTS
(2001-2013)
GRAPH 2: MOORING FAILURES BY YEAR (2001 -2011)
Yr 0 = Installation, Yr 1 = First Yr. of Operation
0 5 10
No. of Failures
15
FPSO 13
3 CALM BUOY
2 SPAR
1 SEMI FPS
1 SEMI
1 FSO
0 STL BUOY
GRAPH 5: MOORING SYSTEM FAILURES
BY FACILITIES TYPE (2001-2011)
Additional Ref. Material: Mooring Integrity Guidance,
Nov. 2008; Published by The United Kingdom Offshore
Oil and Gas Industry Association Limited (Oil & Gas UK).
Graphs 2, 3, 4, and 5 Data Source is OTC Paper 24181 Table 1 Data Analysis
Fig. 1: Wire Rope for Deepwater
MODU (Drilling Rigs) Mooring Lines
Cross Section (6 x 34) Life span
up to 10 Years.
Fig. 4: Components of Typical Polyester Fiber Rope for Deepwater Mooring
Fig 2: Spiral Strand galvanized or
coated high tensile wire. Service
life span up to 15 Years.
Figs. 1, 2, & 3 Courtesy: BRIDON
Courtesy: Bridon
Fig 3: Sheathed Jacket around
spiral strand increases service life
> 20 years.
Fig. 9: Studded Mooring
Chain used at mud line
& host facility. Chain
actual eld life perfor-
mance is 1520 years
vs. typical design life of
20 to 25 years.
Courtesy: InterMoor
Fig. 10: Mooring Chain & Suction Piles Ready for Loadout & Installation
Courtesy: NOV APL
Courtesy: Delmar US
Data Courtesy of Quest Offshore & Analysis by University of Houston, College of Technology, PetroleumTechnology Initiative
Fig. 5 Lankhorsts Polyester Fiber Rope on Deployment Reel Offshore
Courtesy: Royal Lankhorst
Fig. 6: Lankhorsts Fiber Rope with Torsional Reference Lines
Courtesy: Royal Lankhorst
OFFSHORE MOORING CONNECTORS: Connecting Mooring System Components Together
Fig. 1: H-Link Connector:
Anchor to Polyester Rope
Courtesy: InterMoor
Fig. 5: Inter-M Swivel
Connector for Chain to Chain
(C2C) 360 Rotation
Courtesy: InterMoor
Fig. 1: Typical Spar Mooring
Courtesy: C-Ray Media
Fig. 5: Drilling Rig (MODU) Mooring
Courtesy: C-Ray Media
Fig. 9: SPAR Mooring Pattern with 1 of 4 Corridors Used for Flow-
line, Water Injection Lines, Umbilicals, and Export Pipelines.
Courtesy: HESS; Graphics By: C-Ray Media
Fig. 10: BPs Quad 204 FPSO with 4x5 Mooring Pattern with 4
Corridors for Flowlines, and Umbilicals Location UK Cont. Shelf
Courtesy: BP
Fig. 7: TLP with Tendons
Courtesy: C-Ray Media
Fig. 8 Typical Pre-Set Mooring Pattern
On Seaoor (WHO DAT SEMI-FPS)
Courtesy: LLOG & DELMAR US
Fig. 11: Anchor & Mooring Avoidance
Zones - Typically 500' on each side.
Courtesy: LLOG & DELMAR US
Courtesy Vryhof Anchors
Fig. 6: Perspective of MODU Hull
and Mooring Lines
Courtesy: Vryhof Anchor
Fig. 2: Semi-FPS Mooring
Courtesy: C-Ray Media
Fig. 3: External Turret Moored FPSO
Courtesy: C-Ray Media
Fig. 4: Internal Turret Moored FPSO
Courtesy: C-Ray Media
Fig. 25 Balltecs MoorLOK Con-
nector On top of Suction Pile (C2C)
Figs. 25 & 26 Courtesy: Balltec
Fig. 26 Balltecs MoorLOK Male Connector (C2C) with Y Link
Fig. 23: Ballgrab Connector
Series II, ball and taper, Subsea
Mooring Connector (SMC) Fe-
male Connector in Docking Porch
Ontop of a Suction Pile.
Courtesy: First Subsea
Fig. 2: H-Link Connector:
Rope to Rope (R2R)
Figs. 2, 3, and 4 Courtesy: Lankhorst Ropes
Fig. 3: Y-Link Connector:
Rope to Rope (R2R)
Fig. 4: Pear Link Connector:
Rope to Chain (R2C)
Fig. 6: LankoFirst Rope to Rope (R2R) Clam Connector
for Permanent Mooring and MODU Applications
Figs. 6 & 7 Courtesy: Royal Lankhorst
Fig. 7 LankoFirst Rope to Chain (R2C) Connector,
An Alternative to H Link
ANCHOR TYPES FOR OFFSHORE MOORING
Figs: 1A & Suction Piles with skid rails being
installed from stern of installation vessel
Figs. 1A & 1B Courtesy: InterMoor
Fig. 2: Vryhof Patented Stevpris Mk6 Drag
Embedment Anchor
Courtesy: Vryhof Anchor
Fig. 3: Vryhof Patented Stemanta
Omni-directional VLA
Courtesy: Vryhof Anchor
Fig. 4: Pile Anchor: Driven, Jetted, or Drilled
Courtesy: InterMoor
Fig. 7: Delmars Patented OMNIMAX Drop Anchor
Courtesy: DELMAR US
Fig. 8: InterMoors SEPLA (Suction Embedded
Plate Anchor)
Courtesy: InterMoor
Fig. 9: InterMoors SEPLA Pre-Installation
Courtesy: InterMoor
Fig. 5: Drag Embedment Anchor (DEA)
Courtesy: InterMoor
Fig. 6: The Bruce DENNLA Mk4, Drag Embed-
ment Near Normal Load Anchor (DENNLA)
Courtesy: Bruce Anchor
3. MOORING CHAIN
Increasing Performance Life of Fiber Rope The inclusion of a
particle filter layer to limit the ingress of abrasive particles and marine
finish on load bearing elements enhances the resistance to yarn on yarn
abrasion ensures long term performance for field life in excess of 20 years.
Advantages of Polyester for Mooring Lines
Polyester rope gives a "softer" mooring system than steel wire rope; and therefore host motions are more compliant and riser friendly.
Better Vortex Induced Motion (VIM) response to loop currents than Chain-Wire-Chain system.
Affords smaller SCR departure angles.
Allows the use of a significantly smaller turret buoy on FPSOs for enhanced safety and project viability.
Up to 50% reduction in costs compared to conventional catenary mooring system.
Approximately 80% reduction in wet weight of tension members (i.e. ropes) when converting fromWire to Polyester. The vertical mooring force on the
platform is reduced by 50%. This reduction in wet weight and forces therefore increases usable payload.
Up to 50% reduction in mooring pre-tension.
Polyester rope does not corrode and there is no need for corrosion allowances on the diameter of the polyester like there is on chain and wire.
Catenary System Key Attributes
Used for chain/wire rope/chain mooring lines.
Preferred mooring system type for deepwater MODUs for
temporary mooring.
Has a larger footprint compared to Taut System.
Taut Leg Mooring System Key Attributes
Used for Polyester Mooring Lines with suction piles.
Preferred mooring system type for long life deepwater
production facilities.
40% reduction in footprint compared to Catenary Type.
Installation Year
W
ater D
epth (M
eters &
Feet)
500
1,640 ft.
0
1,000 M
3,280 ft.
1,500 M
4,921 ft.
2,000 M
6,562 ft.
2,500 M
8,202 ft.
3,000 M
9,842 ft.
Chain/Wire Rope
Polyester Fiber Rope
Present
Future Past
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
1987
Courtesy: BRIDON
Fig. 7: Cross Section of
Lankhorsts MODULINE Polyester
Fiber Rope
Fig. 8: Cross Section of
Polyester Mooring Lines.
Courtesy: Royal Lankhorst
Graph 1 Courtesy: ExxonMobil Study on Mooring
Courtesy of University of Houston, College of Technology,
Petroleum Technology Initiative
Courtesy of University of Houston, College of Technology,
Petroleum Technology Initiative
Courtesy: Delmar US
Fig. 24 Delmars
Subsea Mooring
Connector for Chain,
Wire Rope, and Polyester
Rope Combinations
Chain Chain Shackle Shackle
Delmar SS Connector
Connecting Link
(Pear Shape)
Connecting Link
(Pear Shape)
GRAPH 3: WIRE ROPE
LIFE SPANS
WIRE ROPE
TYPE
LIFE SPAN
(Yrs.)
1. NON-GALVANIZ ED
WIRE ROPE
Up to
10 Yrs.
2. GALVANIZED
SPIRAL STRAND
Up to
15 Yrs.
3. SHEATHED
SPIRAL STRAND >20 Yrs.
The usage of polyester fiber rope
(green squares) is a growing
trend for mooring systems on
deepwater production facilities
installations.
Catenary and Taut describe the way the mooring
line is suspended in the water column. Catenary
systems have parabolic shape. Taut system mooring
lines hang in a straight line between two points.
MODU Moorings are typically composed of
rented moorings:
Standard sizes of mooring ropes and
chains are used to design a system that
is adequate for the environmental criteria
Connectors are made using enlarged end
links and specialty shackles
Polyester ropes are used with thimbles to
maintain suitable D/d bending ratios
Chain segments are used between the
polyester segments to maintain the
integrity of the polyester rope jacket and
filter barrier when handling the segments
on the deck of the installation vessel
CONNECTION DETAILS
1 Suction Pile
DETAIL 1
13 50m x 1,100 MT Poly
with Thimbles
14 Polyester Mambo Shackle
15 5 Special End Links
16 107 mm Chain Shackle
DETAIL 2
9 1,350m x 1,000 MT Poly
with Thimbles
10 Polyester Mambo Shackle
11 5 Special End Links
12 Polyester Mambo Shackle
13 50m x 1,100 MT Poly with
Thimbles
DETAIL 3
7 250m x 107 mm R4 Chain
7A 150 Ton Green Pin Super
Shackle
8 Polyester Mambo Shackle
9 1,350m x 1,000 MT Poly with
Thimbles
DETAIL 4
3 30.5m x 107 mm R4 Chain
4 Subsea Mambo Shackle
5A Delmar Subsea Connector (Male)
5B Delmar Subsea Connector
(Female)
6 Subsea Mambo Shackle
7 250m x 107 mm R4 Chain
DETAIL 5
2 Subsea Mambo Shackle
3 30.5m x 107 mm R4 Chain
MODU (Mobile Offshore Drilling Rig)
Seg. 10 - MODU Chain
Seg. 9 Chain
Sections
Seg. 7 - Chain with
R2C & C2R Connectors
Seg. 8 - Polyester
Fiber Rope with
Thimble Connectors
Seg. 6 - Polyester
Fiber Rope with
Thimble Connectors
VLA (Vertical Loaded
Anchor) with
Orientation Tail
Seg. 5 - Chain 2 with
R2C & C2R Connectors
Seg. 3 - Chain with
R2C & C2R Connectors
Seg. 2 - Chain Section
Seg. 1 - Suction Pile
Pre-Installed Chain
Section
Seg. 4 - Polyester
Fiber Rope with
Thimble Connectors
Seg. 2 -Wire Rope
Seg. 1 - Chain Section at Anchor
Anchor
Orientation Tail
Shackle Connection
for Suction Pile to
Chain Connection
Delmar SS Connector for
Chain to Chain (C2C)
Seg. 3 - Fiber Rope
Semi-FPS or MODU
Fairleads Seg. 5 - Fiber
Rope
Seg. 7 - Chain Section
DETAIL 1
DETAIL 2
1B
1A
1A
1B
1C
1D
1C
1D
DETAIL 3
DETAIL 4
DETAIL 5
Seg. 4 - Short Chain Segment with
Rope to Chain (R2C) and Chain to
Rope (C2R) Connections
Seg. 6 - Chain
to Rope (C2R)
Connector &
Short Chain
Suction
Pile
Wire Rope to Chain
(R2C) Connector
Seg. 1 -
Chain Section
at Anchor
Courtesy: DELMAR US
Fig. 1: Catenary System
Courtesy: C-Ray Media
Fig. 1: Spread Moored
Courtesy: HESS
Fig. 5 Disconnectible External Mooring Buoy
Courtesy: SIGMA OFFSHORE
Fig. 9: Single Angle Leg Mooring (SALM) & Loading System
Courtesy: NOV APL
Fig. 8: Yoke Mooring System for Shallow Water Applications
Courtesy: NOV APL
Fig. 6: External Turret With Dry Mooring Table
Courtesy: NOV APL
Fig. 11: CALM Buoy Mooring System
Courtesy: SOFEC
Fig. 2: Disconnectible Internal Turret Mooring System Fig. 3: External Turret with
Dry Mooring Table
Courtesy: NOV APL
Courtesy: SIGMA OFFSHORE
Fig. 7: Permanent External
Turret With Wet Mooring Table
Courtesy: SIGMA OFFSHORE
Courtesy: NOV
Fig. 10A & 10B:
Non-Disconnectible
Internal Turret
Mooring System
Courtesy: SIGMA OFFSHORE
Fig. 2: Taut Leg Mooring System
Courtesy: C-Ray Media
Fig. 3: Comparison of Typical Mooring Congurations
& Line Type by Water Depth
Courtesy: BRIDON
Fig. 4: TLP Moored with Tendons
Courtesy: SBMATLANTIA
Courtesy Vryhof Anchors
Typical mooring points vs water depth
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

clump weight
driven pile
drag anchor
suction pile
torpedo pile
vertical load anchor

2.
1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
wire rope
wire rope socket
swivel
pearlink
shackle
H-link
polyester rope
H-link
shackle
pearlink
swivel
pearlink
chain
shackle
anchor point
2.
1.
3.
4. 5.
6.
7.
13.
12.
11.
9.
10.
8.
14. 15.
Components in a typical mooring line
Courtesy Vryhof Anchors
FIG. 3: MOORING LINE COMPONENTS FIG. 10: ANCHOR TYPES
TABLE 4: ANCHOR MANUFACTURERS BY TYPE
MANUFACTURERS PILE DROP
ANCHOR DEA PLATE
COMPANY NAME
SUCTION PILE
DRIVEN PILE
TORPEDO PILE
OM
NI M
AX
DEA
VLA
SEPLA (2)
BRUCE
M
K4 & M
K5
STEVPRIS (6)
BRUCE ANCHORS
DELMAR (5) (7) (7)
FLUKE ENGENHARIA (1)
InterMoor (4) (3) (3)
VRYHOF ANCHORS
(1) Contracted by Petrobras to fabricate the Torpedo Piles.
(2) SEPLA is proprietary to InterMoor and is solely manufactured and installed by InterMoor.
(3) InterMoor does not manufacture DEAs or VLAs. However, they own, rent, and install these anchor
types.
(4) InterMoor is licensed by Petrobras to fabricate and install Torpedo Piles in GOM.
(5) OMNIMAX is the trade mark of Delmar.
(6) Also includes Stevmanta, and Stevshark anchors.
(7) Delmar maintains a large inventory of Drag Embedment Anchors (DEAs) and VLAs which they own,
rent, and install.
Clump
Weight
Drag
Anchor
120
Spar
Hull
Semi-FPS
Hull
4 x 3
Pattern
4 x 3
Pattern
Fig. 14: Closed Socket (Male End)
Link for Wire Rope End,
Technology Indicated in Red
Handling Padeye
Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing
4 x 3
Pattern
4 x 3 Pattern
4 x 2 Pattern
(4 Col. x 2 Tendons/Col.)
3 x 4
Pattern
3 x 4
Pattern
3 x 4
Pattern
FPSO FPSO
Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)
Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)
Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)
Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)
Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)
Pipeline/
Flowline
Cooridor
(Typ.)
Driven
Pile
Suction
Pile
VLA
(Vertical
Load
Anchor)
Drop Anchor/
Torpedo Pile
Courtesy: Vryhof Anchor
Courtesy: Vryhof Anchor
GRAPH 1: CHAIN/WIRE ROPE VS. POLYESTER ROPE USAGE MOORING SYSTEM TREND
Fig. 9: Flintstone Technologys
FTL Subsea Mooring Connector
Courtesy: Flintstone Technology
Fig. 10: LankoFirsts Snap
Connector for Fiber Rope to Fiber
Rope (R2R)
Courtesy: First Subsea
Fig. 13: Closed Socket (Male
End) with Shackle, Wire Rope to
Chain (R2C)
Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing
Fig. 12: Open Socket
(Female End) Link for Wire Rope
Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing
Fig. 11: LankoFirsts Clam
Connector (Opened)
Courtesy: First Subsea
Courtesy: Aker Solutions Pusnes
LEGEND
Proven
Not Proven
Fig. 20: Y-Link Connection Open
Wire Rope Socket to Chain (R2C)
Connection
Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing
Fig. 16: Sister Connector Fiber
Rope Thimble to Fiber Rope
Thimble (R2R)
Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing
Fig. 18: H Link With Padeye Chain
to Chain (C2C)
Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing
Fig. 17: Open Socket &Y-Link Con-
nectors, Wire Rope to Chain (R2C)
Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing
Fig. 21: Thimble & Shackle
for Fiber Rope to Chain (R2C)
Connection
Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing
Fig. 22: ROV Operable H-Link
Courtesy: LeBeon Manufacturing
16
13
9 8
7A 7
7
14
9
7
7 6
5B
5A
4 3 3
3
3
2
1
10 11
11 12
13
15
15
Bend Restrictor
Anode
Insulation Sleeve
Fig. 19: First Subseas Ballgrab
SMC Male Connector with
Mooring Chain
Courtesy: First Subsea
Fig. 15: Ballgrab Stab-In On Buoy
Courtesy: First Subsea
Figs. 8: Ballgrab Female
Connector Used on a Disconnect-
able Buoy for FPSO Turret
Courtesy: First Subsea