Journal of Marine Science and Application, Vol. 2, No.

2, December 2003

Study of algorithms of new slender ship

theory of wave resistance

HAN Duan-feng, LI Yun-Bo, and H U A N G De-bo

College of Shipl)uilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Hat)in 150001 , China

Abstract: In this paper, Noblesse's New Slender-Ship Wave-Making Theory was investigated numerically. Detailed expressions
of zeroth and 1st order wave resistance have been derived and calculation programs have also been compiled. In the single and
double integral terms of Green function, the kernel function of wave resistance expression, special function expansion method
and Chebyshev polynomials approach have been adopted respectively, which greatly simplify the calculation and increase the
convergence speed.
Key words:new slender-ship wave resistance theory; wave resistance; Green function; potential; algorithm
CLC number: U661.1 Document code: A Article ID: 1671 - 9433(2003)02 - 0053 - 08

zontal extent is discussed in this theory. Water is

1 INTRODUCTION
The theoretical system of the New Slender
Ship Theory of Wave Resistance which was prop-
osed by F. Noblesse in 1983 E'? the well-known for-
mulas of thin ship, flat ship, Hogner and primal
slender ship, correspond to particular cases of the
zeroth order approximation r (~ of it. Theoretical
predictions for classical Wigley hull based on the
first order approximation r (ly indicates the advan-
tage of New Slender Ship Theory of Wave
Resistance ~31. It appears that this theory is conve-
nient to be adapted to calculate wave resistance of
complex hulls. In this paper, a fast and accurate
algorithm is presented. In subsequent papers, ex-
amples of calculation of wave resistance of several
assumed to be homogeneous and incompressible flu-
id with density p. Surface tension, effects of vis-
cosity and wave breaking are ignored and potential
flow is also assumed.
2.1 Mathematical model
T h e variables X = ( X , Y , Z ) and 9 are made
non-dimensional with L and U and water density
p to get ( z , y , z ) = ( X , Y , Z ) / L and velocity po-
tential ~ = ~ / U L .
satisfies the following equations:
V} = 0 in the mean flow d o m a i n d , (1)
S~lSz + F2S29~/oq:z-2 F ' 2 q ( ~ ) + 0 ( F 4 ~ 3) = 0
on the mean free surface a ( z = 0 ) , (2)
where F is the Froude number F = U / ( g l )1/2
q ( } ) = a [ V]~ leacr - ~ 9 VI ~ ]2/2-

types of ship will be given based on this algorithm.
For reader' s convenience, a brief introduction
about New Slender Ship Theory of Wave Resis-
tance is presented firstly.
2 THE THEORY SYSTEM OF THE
SLENDER SHIP THEORY OF WAVE RE-
SISTANCE
T h e problem of predicting wave resistance ex-
perienced by a surface ship with still-water length
L , moving at speed U in steady rectilinear motion
in calm water of infinite depth and unbounded hori-
(a~/&r -I ~ la/2)a(a~/az + F2a2~/asc2)/az,
(3)
a /a. = n : on the mean hull surface h. (4)
In addition, the usual "radiation condition",
NEW specifying that waves are not present far ahead of
the hull, must be imposed for uniqueness of the so-
lution.
A major difficulty of the preceding problem
stems from the free surface condition ( 2 ) , which is
nonlinear. However, the nonlinear term 0 ( F 4 43 )
in equation (2) may be neglected and the nonlinear

Receiveddate:2003- 05 - 26.
 9 54 9 Journal of Marine Science and Application,Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2003

term F 2 q ( ~ ) in equation (2) is of order F242 , both in near-field and far-field, will be obtained by
thus can be presumed to be small in comparison using Green formula Ell :
with the linear term a4/a + F202 4/ax e for slen- ~ ( { ) = [ ( G n , . - 4aG/an)da + F2[ [G(n2:~.
d h ,3 c
der ship hull forms. More generally, this nonlinear
term F e ( 4 ) will be incorporated in an iterative + GO~/OI - n~tya}/Od) -
manner by expressing the free surface condition ~OG/am]tydl - Fef (9)
(2) in the form 8418z + FZa2418x2 = I~'2q (4)
where h is the hull surface, c is mean waterline,
and treating the right hand side as a nonhomoge-
dis the infinite portion of the plane z = 0 out of c.
neous term for the linear condition a4/a= + F282 4/
n is the unit outward vector normal to h , t is the
a x 2 = 0, this term may then be neglected in the
unit vector tangent to c, the direction of vector d =
first approximation.
n • t is tangent to h and downward.
2.2 Green function
Kochin function may be expressed as
The boundary-value problem defined above
will be solved by formulating an integro-differential I~(t) : F-2f (E~,..- +~E/~n)da-I- I [E(Tv/2o,.
h c
equation for the velocity potential 4 by use of a + t08r - n=tuSr ) - CaE/O~.]
Green function satisfying the linearized free surface
tydl - foEq(4)da-dy. (10)
condition. Take the source point and field point as
x ( x , y , z ~ 0 ) and { (~, rb ~ 0 ) respectively, The integral operator I is defined as
then the Green function will be denoted by G ( { , I= [ d a ( n . ~ - 48/an)+ F2[ d/[(n2, +
x;F2). 3h dc

4 s r G ( { , x ; F e) = - 1/r + 1 / / + N ( { , x ; F 2) + t,:a41al - n~tya418d) 4a/a~],, -

W({ ,x;f2), (5) F2f dxdyq (4).
where r , / = [ ( ~ - x ) 2 + (r] - y)2 + ( ~ g_
Z ) 2 ] 1/2 ' The last term is ignored temporarily, denote

N = (2/rcf 2)
I'
-1
Im e x p ( V ) E l ( V ) d t , (6)
el = f dan~, + F2f dl
h c
" 11a.ty
2 ,

and V = [ ( ~ + z ) ( 1 - t 2 ) l l 2 + ( ~ ] - y ) t + i l ~ - x [2 "~ fhda431 ~Tl -p- Fef<dl(t,a4/3!-

[](1 -- t2)l/21F 2,
n~tyi)4/Od 40/Ox ) ty,
El(V) = dt . thus I = Ii + 12 , 4({) = (11 + I 2 ) G , K ( t ) = ~22
v
The double integral term N represents the non-
(I1 + I2)E.
oscillatory near-field disturbance, Im represents the
By use of Havelock formula, nondimensional wave
imaginary part.
resistance coefficient may be obtained
4f ~
W = U ( x - ~) F2 I m e x p [ ( [ + z ) ( 1 + t2), r = RIpU2L 2 -- (l/2sr) I K(t) 12
F -2 + i { ( ~ - x ) + (7; - y ) t } ( 1 + t2)ll2U2]dt -
(1 + t e ) l / 2 d t . (11)
4 S ~Im
= H(~r - ~:) ~2 E ({)E(x)dt (7) 2.4 The iterative formulas of potential and wave
resistance
The single integral term W represents a wavy dis-
Equation (9) may be expressed in the form
turbance, where
4({) = c?({) - T ( { , 4 ) , (12)
E = E ( x ) = e x p [ F - a ( 1 + t2)~/21(1 + tZ)ll2z-
where ~0( { ), T( {, 4 ) are defined respectively by
i(x+ty)}]. (8)
E ~ is the complex conjugate of E, H ( x - ~) ~o(~) • IiG = f G n ~ d a + F 2 j 2
Gn,tydl,
h c
is Heaviside function. (12a)
2.3 Equations of potential and wave resistance
coefficient
T(g,4) L(g,4) + F2f crGq(4)dacdy,
The velocity potential equation, which is valid (12b)
 Han Duan-feng, et al :Study of algorithms of new slender ship theory of wave resistance 9 55 9

where Another method is used to make nondimension-

L({;r = I20 alE4 51
/ /
(x',y ,z ) = (X/L,Y/B,Z/T),
= jhr + Fefc [r --
where L is ship length, B is ship breadth, T is ship
G(GOr - njgr draft, ( X , Y, Z) is dimensional and ( x ' , y ' , z ' ) is
(12c) new nondimensional coordinates.
The velocity potential r in equation (12) may The symbol' is omitted hereafter for conve-
be solved using the recurrence relation (13), Nor- nience.
mally, 9(~) may be taken as the first order poten- Then expression (8) becomes
tial r in the following recurrence relation. It is
verified in literature>? that the difference between
E(x, t) exp{ (1 + t2)1/2F-2[(1 + t 2)1/2Tz
r and ~ is small in the limited case that Froude - + ty)] }.
number is close to zero.
r = (p(~) __ W(~;r (13)
Let YI=F 2 ( 1 + t 2 ) 2 TL ,
For slender ships, the iterative approximations are
21 = F 2(1+ t2)1/2/2,
defined by
l r O, a 2 = F -2 ( 1 + t 2 )1/2 t 2 ~ "
B

r ~ cfl(~) = I1O , Expanding E( x, t ) with Legendre polynomi-

(14)
r = II G + I2 t r , als P.,, P,,, Pz, the first kind of sphere Bessel
~r 1)(~) I z G + I 2 I~r O. function j,, ( 21 ) ,Jl ( 22 ) and the first kind of modi-
Corresponding sequences of K (~ , K ~1) , fied sphere Bessel function Bessel i., ( Yl ).
K (2) . . . . and t "(~ , r (1) , v (2) . . . . can be defined by
E(x,t) =exp(-)', ia2)EE~(2m+
simply replacing r by r in equation (10) and m n l

(11). 1)(2n + 1)(2l + 1)i,,,(yi)j,, 9

1 (al)Jl(az)iU'+l)P,,(1 + 2z) 9
~K(~ = ~22I I~=oE = ~ I I E ,
P . ( - 2x)P,(1 - 2y). (18)
1 Substituting ( 18 ) into ( 17 ) and designating
K("+l)(t) = F ~ I Ir162 (15)
the real part and imaginary part of zeroth order
1 Kochin function as K~~ ( t ) and KI ~ ( t ) respec-
= K(~ + ~I2 r162
tively, we then have
r (~) = (1/2n)
S I K(")(t) 12(1 + t2)~/Zdt.
/((~ = Feexp( -
7r
Yl)COS[~-(n + l) -

(16)

3 ALGORITHM F O R Z E R O T H A N D FIRST
0~2~2 E (2m + 1)(2n +
m n 1

ORDER WAVE RESISTANCE 1)(2l + 1)i.,(71)j.,(a1)j,(a2) 9

3.1 zeroth order wave resistance r {~

We can obtain the following expressions for
f ~Pm (1 + 2 z ) P , , ( - 2x)P,(1 -

zeroth order slender ship approximation to the 2y)n.da + cos[ 7 + l) -

co
Kochin function from equation(15)
1 1
O~2~E E (2n + 1)(2l +
K(~ 2) = ~ I I~=0E = ~ I I E = ,l 1

1)j.(al)j~(ag)fcP,,(- 2x)Pz (1
f En2/sdl + fhEn~da. (17)
- 2y) n,.tydl.
2 (192)
By substituting it into expression(16), zeroth 7r
Kl~ = F 2 e x p ( - 71)sin[~-(n + l) -
order wave resistance r (~ can be obtained readily.
 9 56 9 Journal of Marine Science and Application,Vol. 2, No. 2, December2003

co ~ oo
potential may be denoted as
a21~__~_~ ~ , ( 2 m + 1)(2n + ~(1)(r = ~r(r + ~(wl)(~;F2) +
m n l
1)(2/ + 1)i.,()',)j,,(cq)j,(a2) 9 ~)!1) ( r ; f 2 ) , (20)

f ,g,,(1 + 2z)P,,( 2x)Pz(1 - where

4~v}r({) = [ (1/r-1/r)n,.da, (20a)

2y)n~da + sin[ 7r + /) - dh

r~v,~ ( { ; F 2) = f I N = Nn,da q- f 2 " ,

k
+ 1)(2 +
(20b)
1)j,,(a~)j,(a2)f Pn( 2x)Pz(1
}~)({) :II, w= lr l m f L E ~ ( { ) "
- 2y)netydl. (19b)
1
If the ship has port and starboard symmetry, ~IiH(x - 8)E(x)dt. (20c)
calculation could be simplified somewhat by replac- The first and second terms represent nonoscil-
ing integral domain by half hull surface and half latory near field disturbance and the algorithm
waterline(y > 0 ) . about N was presented in literature ~21.
By using this method, functions related to The last term represents a wavy potential.
Froude number F and t are separated from that re- Since
lated to hull shape. During the process of numerical
2I, H ( z 8)E(x)
calculation, integration respect to hull shape is the
same for different Froude number F and t, which
F 2f H ( x 8)E(x)n,.da +
saves greatly the calculation time and overcomes J h

the difficulty of rapid oscillation of the integrand. ; 2

( H ( x - ~)E(x)n~tsdl
While the first order wave resistance are calcu-
lated, there is difference with calculation of zeroth = F 2fl, E(x)n.,.da + f,.E(x)n~t.vd[,
order wave resistance r (~ , and the near field po-
where h~: and c~ represent the portions of the mean
tential must be known a priori. The near field po-
waterline and hull surface between the ship bow
tential can be evaluated numerically using Green
and the plane x = ~:.
function without difficulty in principle. In prac-
E ( x ) and E( { ) can aim be solved using the
tice, however, there are singularity problems in El
special function expansion method like that of ex-
( V ) of expression (6) when V<<I and divergence pression (18).
problem when z + ~" 0, and oscillation problem in The first order wave amplitude function corre-
expression (6). This requires that comparable al- sponding to expression(20) can be expressed as
gorithm be used for numerically evaluation. Being /-((l)(t,f2 ) =f(~ 2 ) @ /-({i]) ( t , f 2) §
the kernel function of New Slender Ship Theory of
K ~ ) ( t , F 2) + K (aI ) ( t , F 2) (21)
Wave Resistance, Green function is difficult to
where K {~ ( t, F 2 ) is defined by expression (19a),
evaluate accurately due to the foregoing problems.
(19b),
There are ,some literatures in which algorithms are
discussed, but the calculation accuracy and speed (l) . 1 E(X) =
K L ( / ~ , f 2 ) = F212 r162 N
are not similar.
In this paper, Chebyshev polynomials ap- -- S-4(1 + t2)[ E ( X ) ( ~ r q- ~,,4)[nz i(n.~. +
d h

proach method has been adopted to solve expression tny)/(1 + te)l/2]da + F a(1 + t2) 1/2
(6) and the special function expansion method has
been adopted to solve expression (7) !2,4,57 f 9E(X)Ii(r a( 3l r+G) n~ts
3.2 First order wave resistance ~/(1)
0(r ~- ~,N/') t2)l/2"~j
By using expressions ( 5 ) and ( 14 ), first order 3d )/(1+ Gdl. , (22)
 Han Duan-feng, et al : Study of algorithms of new slender ship theory of wave resistance 9 57 9

using special function expansion method.

K ~ ) ( t , F 2) = ~22I2 r E(X) =
K(~') t , f 2) f E(X)q(r (26)
~r
- F 4(1 + te)f,E(X)Av[n~ - i(n~ + tny)/(1 +
where r ; F 2) is from (20).
t2)l/2]da + F 2(1 + t2)1/2 " f e E ( X ) [ iCw + F2( t. 3 / and 3d m foregoing expressions can be ob-

3l n'Js (1 + t2) t/2 tydl, (23) tained by using B-spline to fit the potential from
(20).
/~)( t,/;.2) can also be defined by expression(24)
4 NUMERICAL CALCULATION METHOD
K(1)(t,F 2) =12I 2 ~=~bE(X)
4.1 Hull surface integral
7f_~
1 ~ ~1I 2 r162E ( X ) d r The hull surface can be discretized with quad-
rate panels and four control points can be defined in
1S ~(~)(r,t,Fe)dr (24) each panel, the coordinate system transformation is
where as follows
N, = (1 - Z , ) ( 1 )`2)/4,
k(l)(. r , t , F 2) = 12I 2 r162E(X) =
Nz (1 + )`~)(1 )`2)/4,
F 4(1 + t 2 ) f g ( x ) @ [ r / z /(n r + N3 (1 + 2 , ) ( 1 + ),2)/4, (27)
h
N4 (1-),,)(1 + ),2)/4,
tny)/(1 + t2)l/2]da + F-2(1 + t2)~/2~ E ( X ) 9 where, ( ), 1 , ),2 ) is the coordinate in the standard
domain, thus the coordinate of any point on a panel
[i@q-F2(t::.~-l.lz,v~31/(l
3l
+ ,2)I/21tvd[
- 3 d / / - ' becomes
(253) 4
with
x- ~,N~x~. (28)
i
,d,(g, v, F 2 ) I m E * ({)K~~ ( r , F 2 ) 3X 3X
Denote G (),1,),2) ~T271• 3),~'
(25b)
and 3x : (3~i 3y 3~) 3x
where 3),, '3),1'3),1 ' 3),2
K~~ 2) = ~1I i H ( : r - ~)E(x) = ( 3x 3y 3z )
'3),2 '3), 2 -
F2J',H(x - ~ ) E ( x ) n . da + f The differential element is thus
8)E(x)n~tydl = 3X 3X
da = ~ • ~ d),ld),2 = I G(),I ,),2) I d),ld),2.
F 2 E(x)njda + E(x)n,tsudl. (25c)
h~ c~ Unit normal vector satisfying right-handed system
Then expression (20c) becomes is defined as

(~) = ~ I , w n : X G ( ) , I ,),2 I; (29)

l f 2 IrnE~(~)K~~ (r,F2)dr (3x 3x)

n.da 3),1 • 3),2 9 id), 1d),2,

= 71j ' _ ~ r r,F2)dr. (3X 3X)

nsda = ~ x ~ . jd), t d), 2 , (30)
The treatment here is to avoid the influence of (3x dx)
truncation of potential integration range on subse- n~da = ~ 7 • ~22 9 kd), l d), 2 .
quent calculation of Kochin function. We should After this transformation, the integral over
notice that the { of ~b( { , r , F 2 ) means the point hull surface panel becomes over the standard doma-
on elements of ship and E ( X ) can also be solved in, the coordinate system of panel on hull surface is
 " 58 " Journal of Marine Science and Application, Vot. 2, No. 2, December 2003

shown in Fig 1. in Fig. 2, using coordinate transformation, one gets

Xa

(xii , yil )
-1 ~ , 1 )

(_1,_1)~~1 (_1,1) A~ ~ ( X i 2 , yi2)

m X

a)
4() (~ Fig. 2 Sketch of a typical waterline segment
li
l=~-(t+l) tE(-1,1),thus
)v21 li
Xl dl = ~ d t ;

I() ( 2 li = ((,27i2 -- -Z~il)2 q- (Yi2 -- Yil)2)1/2;

b) l .TEl2 -- Xi 1
.7C = ,~Cil + - - ~i X l
Fig. 1 Coordinate system of quadrangular panel
Any integral over a quadrilateraI panel can be
+ 1
~" E ( :<~ ~" )(t + l ) '
expressed as (32)
l Y = Yil + Yi2 -- Yil ),( l
9 da = dRldA2 I G(),i ,22) I. li
S1 -1 -1
1
The hull surface is discretized with m quadri- = Yil + 2 - ( Y i 2 - Y i l ) ( t + 1).
lateral panels and K l,/~2 Gauss nodes are defined The two components of tangent vector t are
respectively along 2,~ and 22 direction of each pan- t,r - - ('T'i2 -- "Z'il )/[i ; ty = (Y,2 -- YiL )/li.
el. After the coordinates of Gauss nodes are insert- (33)
ed into expression ( 2 8 ) , the corresponding hull The normal vector of waterline segment is
surface coordinate xo can be obtained. Let % be chosen as that of the nearest hull surface panel as
the weight of corresponding Gauss node, each hull expressed in (29).
surface integral can be expressed as If the waterline is discretized with m l seg-
ments and K Gauss nodes are defined on each pan-
f h f ( x ; ~ ) n.,.da
el, then corresponding waterline coordinate xj can
m KI XK2
be obtained using (32). Let % be the weight of
~, ~, f ( x j ; { ) % C j ( a ~ , a 2 ) . i,
i=l j=l corresponding Gauss node, any waterline integral
can be expressed as
fh,]g'(X ; ~ ) Hyda
9= K,~K2 (31)
f<f( x ; { ) d l = ~'=, ~kf ( x j ; { ) r o j g1,. (34)
X~, ~ f(xj;{)oojGj(2,,a2) . j, i=t j=J
i=1 j=l
5 EXAMPLE
f hf( x ; ~ ) n~da =
The author has calculated the zeroth, first or-
m K1• K2
~ f(xj;{)oo, g j ( 2 1 , 2 2 ) " k. der wave resistance and potential on hull surface of
"=1 j=l submerged ellipsoid near the free surface, Wigtey
4.2 Waterline integral
hull and vertical/canted strut SWATHs, compari-
Let the two ends of the i th line segment with sons with well-found numerical results have been
length li be (:q2, yyl ) and (xi2, y~2 ) respectively made, which prove this algorithm in this paper is
and the distance between any point (a:, y ) on the workable. In view of the length of this paper, only
line segment and one end (:ql ,yil ) be l ,as shown the numerical results of wave resistance of single
 Han Duan-feng, et al : Study of algorithms of new slender ship theory of wave resistance 9 59 9

vertical strut S W A T H named T-AGOS are given. g-,

~ Cw 1with line integral
The sketch of panel arrangement of S W A T H ,.d
Salvensen and Huang Dingliang
T-AGOS hull is shown in Fig. 3. The half surface ~Z Cw 0 with line integral f
~ -- - Cw 0 without line integral 7
of one strut is divided uniformly into twenty seg-
~ Exp.data f~ ~,//
ments in the longitudinal direction and ten seg-
ments in the vertical direction, hence there are two
~)c,i
hundreds panels on half surface of one strut. T h e z
half surface of lower semi-hull is divided uniformly ~ laD
, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
into twenty segments in the longitudinal direction 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
SHIP SPEED/kn
and ten segments in the circumferential direction,
hence there are two hundreds panels on half surface Fig. 4 Wave resistance of vertical strut

of lower semi-hull. SWATH named T-A(X)S

Comparisons of the experimental residuary re-
sistance and calculated wave resistance for S W A T H
T-AGOS are shown graphically in Fig. 4, which
shows that the numerical results of zeroth order
wave resistance are almost the same with numerical
results given by Salvesen ES? and Huang
Dingliang ETI, however, there are some phase shift
and values discrepancies between zeroth and 1st or-
der wave resistance, and the numerical results of
1st order wave resistance show better agreement
with the experimental data. The nondimensional
wave resistance coefficients shown in Fig. 4 are ex-
pressed as Czv = 2 R / p U 2 S.
Fig. 3 Sketch of panel arrangement of
SWATH T-AGOS hull
6 CONCLUSIONS
Expanding E( x , t ) with Legendre polynomi-
als P .... P n , P l , the first kind of sphere bessel func-
tion j , ( a ~), Jz ( a2 ) and the first kind of modified
fective method by which the coordinates of source
point can be separated from those of field points,
related variables to Froude number F and t , and
wavy potential and Kochin function can be calculat-
ed. During the process of numerical calculation, in-
tegration over the hull surface is required to be cal-
culated only once and for all Froude number F and
t , which makes the calculation more efficient and
overcomes the difficulty of the rapid oscillation of
the integrand. T h e precision of double integral
term in Green function may be of five to six deci-
mals, using Chebysheve polynomials approach as
suggested by Newman Ez?.
The new simple high-accurate algorithm for
zeroth and first order wave resistance based on New
Slender Ship Theory is presented in this paper.
This research may promote the New Slender Ship
Theory of Wave Resistance, because the New Slen-
der Ship Theory of Wave Resistance covers many
other wave resistance theory and this algorithm is
convenient for adapting to complex hulls. The nu-
merical results for vertical strut S W A T H show that
there are some phase shift and values discrepancies
between zeroth and 1st order wave resistance, the
numerical results of zeroth order wave resistance
are close to numerical results given by Satvense Es?
and Huang Dingliang I77 , and the numerical results
of 1st order wave resistance show better agreement
with the experimental data, which prove this algo-
rithm in this paper is workable.
REFERENCES

sphere Bessel function i,, ( }'1 ) is shown to be an el- [ 1 ] NOBLESSE F. A slender ship theory of wave resistance
 9 60 9 Journal of Marine Science and Application, Vol. 2, No. 2, December 2003

[J]. JSR, 2 7 ( 1 ) : 1 3 - 3 3 , 1983.
[ 2] NEWMAN J N. Evaluation of the wave Green func-
tion:Part I -The double integral l][ [J ]. JSR, 1987,131
(2):79-90.
[3] NOBLESSE F, Triantafyllou G. Explicit approxima-
tions for calculating potential flow about a body[J ].
JSR, 1983,27(1 ) :1 - 12.
[4] HUANG De-bo, LI Yunbo. Ship wave resistance based
on Noblesse' s slender ship theory and wave-syeepness
restriction[Rl. Schiffstechnik Bd. 44-1997.
[5 ] SALVENSEN. Hydro-numeric design of SWATH Ships
[J].Trans of SNAME,1985(93):325 346.
[ 6 ] HAN Duanfen. Research on the method and calculation
of the new slender-ship wave resistance Theory [ D ] .
Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2002.
[ 7 ] HUANG Dingliang. Performance principle of SWATH
[ M ]. BeiJing: National Defense Industry Publishing
Company, 1993 ( in Chinese).
HAN Duanfeng Ph. D. Associate pro-
fessor, Faculty of Ship Building Engi-
neering, Harbin Engineering Universi-
ty. Graduated from Dept. of Naval Ar-
chitecture and Ocean Engineering,
Harbin Engineering University ( 1988 :
Bachelor Degree of Ship Design; 1994:
Master Degree of Hydrodynamics; 2002: Doctor Degree of
Hydrodynamics). He has worked in a ship yard for four
years and paid half years academic visit in HITACHI Zosen
Ship Yard in 2001. His interests are in the fields of Ship I)e-
sign and Ship Hydrodynamics. He published more than 10
papers or books.
L1 Yunbo Ph. D. Associate professor,
Faculty of Ship Building Engineering,
Harbin Engineering University. Gradu-
ated from Dept. of Naval Architecture
and Ocean Engineering, Harbin Engi-
neering University (1986: Bachelor
Degree of Ship Design; 1989: Master
Degree of Hydrodynamics; 1999: Doctor Degree of Hydro-
dynamics). His principal research interests concern the resis-
tance and wave-making characteristics of high speed craft.
He published more than 10 papers or books.
HUANG De-Ix) Professor, Faculty of
Ship Building Engineering, Harbin En-
gineering University. Graduated from
Dept. of Math& Mechanics, Tsinghua
University (1967) ; 1979 - 1981 : fur-
ther studied for two years in University
of California at Berkeley, U . S . as a
visiting scholar; 1987 1988: paid one year in Shipbuilding
Institute, Hamburg University, (;emlany, as an visited
scholar. His interest is in the field of Ship Hydrodynamics,
especially ship wave resistance and its applications. He pub-
lished around 40 papers or books on ship wave, theory of
wave resistance and ship-fore1 optimization etc.