Pengantar

Tata Letak Fasilitas

Pentingnya Perencanaan Fasilitas
! Industrialisasi >>>
long-term capital assets
! Perawatan dan modifikasi >>> kinerja
produksi
! Overall planning process <<< anggaran
belanja besar
Pentingnya Perencanaan Fasilitas
20-75% of product cost attributed to materials
handling (Sule, 1991 and Tompkins et al.
2003)
Layout of facilities affects materials handling
costs
Facilities
machines, departments, workstations,
locker rooms, service areas, etc.
Sejarah Perkembangan
Date
Perencanaan Fasilitas
Event
4000 B.C.

100 B.C. B100

A.D.

1700 B1900

1910

1913
Egyptians developed expertise in finding suitable locations for

pyramids according to their astrological calculations

Romans developed full-fledged methods for the construction of

temples, arenas, and other buildings. Detailed planning of public

and residential buildings

Industrial revolution period

First industrial engineering text book Factory Organization and

Administration published by Hugo Diemer.

First moving automotive assembly line introduced by Henry
Ford.
Sejarah Perkembangan
Perencanaan Fasilitas
1954

1955-1995

1959

1963
Quadratic assignment problem for micro- andmcro-levl location

problems introduced by Koopmans and Beckman

Optimal and heuristic algorithms for the quadratic assignment

problem

Systematic layout planning approach introduced by Muther

CRAFT (Computerized relative allocation of facilities technique)

introduced by Armour and Buffa

Sejarah Perkembangan
Perencanaan Fasilitas
Early 1980s

Late 1980s

1985-present

1990s-present
The flexible manufacturing system concept is introduced and

attention shifts towards achieving plant-wide flexibility via

medium-volume, medium-variety production using cellular

manufacturing techniques

The term automation introduced to cope with plant flexibility

requirements

Modern software for facilities design problems

Research on new layout concepts including dynamic layouts,

robust layouts, and reconfigurable layouts introduced to support

mass customization techniques

Tujuan Perencanaan Fasilitas
Mencapai visi organisasi/enterprise
(perbaikan material handling, pengontrolan aliran material
dan pencapaian good housekeeping)
Meningkatkan efektivitas
personil, peralatan, ruang, dan energi
Meminimalkan investasi biaya
Menunjang proses perawatan yang teratur dan
adabtable
Menunjang keselamatan dan kepuasan pekerja
Ruang Lingkup
Dasar-dasar Perencanaan Fasilitas
PERENCANAAN PABRIK
The overall design of enterprise
- Perencanaan Finansial
- Penentuan Lokasi Pabrik
- Perencanaan Seluruh Kebutuhan Fisik Pabrik
Typical Design and Planning
Problems
Determining Flow of
Products (People)

Scheduling and planning of
Jobs (Service steps)

Overall System Design

Inventory Control

Distribution of goods

Quality Control and
Customer Service
Facility Location

Type, Volume of Products
to be Manufactured or
Service to be Provided

Manufacturing (Service)
Processes Required


Design of Components
(Service)

Type, Number of
Equipment Required

Process Planning
Type, Number of Material
Handling Devices

Determining Material
Handling Methods

Layout of Equipment
Within Each Cell

Layout of Machine
(Service) Cells

Determination of Machine
(Service) Cells

Tooling, Fixture
Determination


Sistematika Perancangan Fasilitas
Prinsip-prinsip
Perancangan Fasilitas






Integrasi Total
Jarak Perpindahan Bahan Yang Minimal
Aliran Proses Kerja
Pemanfaatan Ruangan
Kepuasan Dan Keselamatan Kerja
Fleksibilitas
Permasalahan Layout?
Space Availability
Penempatan fasilitas secara utuh dalam ruangan
yang tersedia
Material Flow Process
Pengaturan untuk kelancaran arus perpindahan
Material Handling
Perpindahan material yang tidak dapat dihindari
Flexibility
Penyesuaian bila terjadi investasi lanjutan
Applications
Manufacturing
Healthcare
Service




Restaurants
Banks
Airports
Entertainment
Logistics and
Distribution
Ports/Terminals
Distribution Centers

Types of layout problems
(Examples)
JIT manufacturer
Relayout of an existing facility
Relayout due to increased traffic (resulting from a
merger)
Consolidation of manufacturing operations from two
or more sites to one
Leasing of office space in a multi-story building
Find a better layout in existing space
Introduction of new product lines
Types of layout problems




Layout of a service system
Layout of a manufacturing facility
Warehouse layout
Nontraditional layout

10 General Steps of Facilities
Planning Process
10 Steps of Facilities Planning
Process : Manufacturing
10 Steps of Facilities Planning
Process : Hospital
Levels of decisions to solve
Layout Problem
Strategic or Design or Long-term
Planning or Intermediate
Operational or short-term
Constraints in developing facilities
layout





Some pairs of departments must be adjacent
Some pairs of departments must not be adjacent
Some departments only in specific locations
Existing building constraints
OSHA (Occupational Health and Safety
Administration) regulations, fire codes, etc.

Types of Projects
New Facility
General Re-layout (retrofit)








Expansion due to new product(s)
Expansion due to sales growth in existing products
Re-organization of work areas (evolutionary design)
Outsourcing of logistics capability
Addition of automation technology
Problem elimination
Cost reduction
Product discontinuation

Service system layout Dentists
office
Staff Lounge

Dentists Room

Oral Hygienists
X-Ray Room Records Room

Orthodontists
Room

Oral Hygienists
Room
Room
Room

Mens Rest Room
Reception
Womens Rest
Waiting
Area

Service system layout Grocery
store
Office structures




Closed structure
Semiclosed structure
Open structure
Semiopen structure

Closed structure
Semiclosed structure
Teller Teller Teller
Open structure
Semiopen structure
Manufacturing layout
Minimize transportation cost of raw materials,
sub-assemblies, work-in-process inventory,
tools, parts, finished products, etc.
Facilitate traffic flow
Improve employee morale
Minimize or eliminate risk of injury and property
damage
Ease of supervision and face-to-face
communication
Assembly facility layout
Driveway layout
Warehouse layout
Nontraditional layout




Keyboard layout
IC board layout
Computer disk storage layout
Airport gate layout