PCI-140604e SCC

Post-Tensioni ng System Beari ngs & Expansi on Joi nts Mai ntenance, Repair & Strengtheni ng BRIDGES Engi
BRIDGES Engi neeri ng

TRANSMITTAL
Fax. No. : +62 21
Address : esusanto175@gmail.com

To : PT SCC
Proyek YURY Plant III Pulo Gadung.

Pages : 01 (include this page)
Dated : 09 June 2014
Our Ref. : PCI-140604e

Subject : PCI-B207
o Pre-stress Engineering

o Construction Engineering

o Repair & Strengthening
o Bearings & Expansion J oints
o BRIDGES Engineering

PT PRESTRESS CONSTRUCTION
INDONESIA

Address:
Komp. Ruko Sentra Niaga Kalimalang
Blok A1/12A, J l. J end. Ahmad Yani
Bekasi 17144, INDONESIA

Tel.: +62 21 884 6932(H), 8893183
Fax: +62 21 884 8694
Email: hotman@pcindonesia.net

From: Ir. Hotman Sianipar, MTSi.
URGENT FOR REVIEW PLEASE COMMENT PLEASE REPLY PLEASE RECYCLE

Yang terhormat Bp. Eddy

Dalam presentasi ini kami akan tampilkan Balok Prestress PCI-B207 sebagai contoh yang akan
direview.
2. Gaya Prategang
Syarat 0,1 fc Ag:
Dari perhitungan kita dapat:
Ag =1.800.000 mm
2
, sedang kan fc=35 MPa=35 N/mm
2
.
Sehingga 0,1 fc.Ag=0,1 x 35 x 1.800.000=6.300.000 N=6.300 kN.
Gaya efektif yang ada pada balok tersebut adalah:
Gaya pra-tegang=3 x 19 x 96,6 kN=5.506,2 kN.
Kesimpulan: Syarat ini masih bisa terpenuhi.
Prategang memikul 25% dari gaya yang bekerja:
Hal ini akan kami tinjau momen pada balok.
Load case Satuan Tumpuan L Tengah Tumpuan R Mo
SW kN-m -1.270 799 -1270 2.069
SDL kN-m -391 248 -395 641
LL kN-m -3.128 1.984 -3.155 5.125,5
Service kN-m -4.789 3.031 -4.820 7.835,5

Prategang kN-m 2.350 -1.488 2.350 3.838 atau 48,9%
14-06-09 To: Yuri Plant Page - 2 of 3

Post-Tensioni ng System Beari ngs & Expansi on Joi nts Mai ntenance, Repair & Strengtheni ng BRIDGES Engi neeri ng
Terlihat bahwa gaya pra-tegang memikul 48,9% dari beban yang bekerja pada balok. Menurut
kami syarat ini tidak menjadi syarat mutlak karena dalam kasus proyek ini perlu menjadi
pertimbangan bahwa kasus beban akibat LL hampir 250% beban SW.
Untuk kasus ini kami lakukan analisa daktilitasnya dengan melakukan analisan momen curvature
dengan program RESPONSE 2000. Dengan melakukan analisa terhadap penampang balok pada
daerah tumpuan (Momen negatif) dengan memodelkan sebagai penampang rektangular.
Dari hasil momen curvature didapat nilai curvature terbesar adalah 12,11 rad/km.

3. Momen sekunder
Dengan program RAPT yang sangat khusus untuk struktur beton pra-tegang, semua hal yang
berkaitan dengan analisa pra-tegang sudah dilakukan. Dengan menginput profil kabel pra-tegang
perlu, jumlah kabel pra-tegang perlu dan besar gaya penarikan kabel prategang perlu, RAPT
memberikan hasil analisa seperti sbb.:
1. Kehilangan gaya pra-tegang jangka pendek sepanjang kabel pra-tegang.
2. Kehilangan gaya pra-tegang jangka panjang sepanjang kabel pra-tegang.
3. Momen dan gaya geser akibat gaya pra-tegang.
4. Momen sekunder akibat gaya pra-tegang, Page 18/36 dan 19/36.
5. Kapasitas penampang sepanjang balok pra-tegang.
6. Lendutan pada balok pra-tegang baik jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang.
sudahseperti kehilangan gaya pra-tegangKapasitas balok dapat dilihat secara grafis pada
out put RAPT seperti pada Lampiran-2 hal-31 di mana terlihat bahwa sepanjang balok
kapasitas balok masih lebih besar dari pada Momen ultimate yang ada.

Pengaruh kolom/dinding
J ika dilakukan analisa parsial dengan melihat hanya terhadap satu balok pra-tegang akibat gaya
pra-tegang pada lantai yang bersangkutan. Pada kondisi parsial seperti ini didapatkan gaya yang
diserap oleh kolom/dinding akan relatif lebih besar. Namun dari hasil analisa yang pernah kami
lakukan dengan melakukan construction stage pada semua lantai balok pra-tegang. Dengan
memberi gaya pra-tegang pada lantai-lantai di atasnya akan mengurangi gaya yang diserap oleh
kolom/dinding di lantai bawahnya. Pengurangan gaya yang diserap oleh kolom/dinding ini akan
selesai setelah memberikan pra-tegang pada balok di 4 7 lantai di atasnya. Hal ini sangat
dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kekakuan dari kolom/dinding dan sifat tumpuan dasar kolom/dinding,
bersifat jepit atau bersifat sendi.
Terlampir juga kami kirimkan satu kasus study yang pernah dilakukan oleh Mark Fintel dan S. K.
Gosh terhadap Pengaruh Pra-tegang Pada Balok di Gedung 45 Lantai.


Demikian kami sampaikan hasil review ini untuk menjawab pertanyaan dari TPKB. Kami berharap
review ini bisa menjawab pertanyaan.

Atas perhatian dan kerja-sama semua pihak kami mengucapkan terima kasih.

Salam kasih dari kami,
PT Prestress Construction Indonesia

Hotman Sianipar



Lampiran 1

Project Name: GUDANG FASILITAS
Project Number: PCI-121201
Frame Description: PCI-B207
Designer: HOTMAN
C:\My PROJECT\1-NEXT PRO\140304PT_121201PosTen_Pulo Gadung\DESIGN\PCI-B207_ACI_140506.rpf
RAPT - Version: 6.3.1.0
Reinforced And Post-Tensioned Concrete Analysis & Design Package
Copyright(C) 1988 - 2011 PCDC Pty. Ltd. All Rights Reserved
Licensee
"PT Prestress Construction Indonesia
Jl. Pulau Andalas Raya Blok A1/1
Pulo Gebang Permai
Cakung Jak
10379063101111WPN1
Input
General
Design Code List
Material List
Reinforcement Type List
Member Type List
Panel Type List
Strip Type List
Column Stiffness List
Concrete - Spanning Members List
Concrete - Columns List
Top Reinforcement Cover mm
Bottom Reinforcement Cover mm
Top Reinforcement Axis Depth Limit mm
Bottom Reinforcement Axis Depth Limit mm
Concrete Unit Weight kn/m3
Self Weight Definition List
Pattern Live Load Y/N
Earthquake Design List
Moment Redistribution %
Design Surface Levels List
USA - ACI-318*SAVED*
Indonesia - Indonesia Materials*SAVED*
Bonded Post-Tensioned
Beam
Internal
One way - Nominal Width
Equivalent Column
35MPa
35MPa
40
40
40
40
25
User Defined
None
0
Extreme Surfaces
Span
Span Span
Length
Slab
Depth
Panel
Width
Left
Panel
Width
Right
mm mm mm mm
LE
1
RE
600
18000 250 8000 8000
600
Columns
Column Column
Grid
Reference
Support
Type
Column
Height
Above
Column
Width
Above
Column
Length
Above
Column
Height
below
Column
Width
below
Column
Length
below
Transverse
Column
spacing
Capital Depth
below
deepest
section
Pin
Base
below
Percentage
Column
Stiffness
Braced
frame
at this
column
A List mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm Y/N % Y/N
1
2
1 Column 4000 1200 1200 7000 1200 1200 8000 0 N 100 Y
2 Column 4000 1200 1200 7000 1200 1200 8000 0 N 100 Y
Column Column
Shortening
Restrained
Punching
Shear
Check
required
Transverse
effective
depth
difference
Transverse
prestress
(P/A)
Y/N Y/N mm MPa
1
2
N Y 0 0
N Y 0 0
Beams
Beam
Number
Beam
Depth
Beam
Width
at
Slab
Beam
Width
Effective
Flange
Width
mm mm mm mm
1 1000 1200 1200 4500
Transverse Beams
Column Transverse
Beam Type
Transverse
Beam
Depth
Transverse
Beam
Width
List mm mm
1
2
beam 500 300
beam 500 300
Steps
Step
Number
DescriptionReference
Column
Distance from
Reference
Column
Flexible/Rigid
Step
A # mm List
1
2
1 600 Flexible Step
1 15400 Flexible Step
Steps(1) : Horizontal
Layer Shape
Attribute
Step this
attribute of
this shape
Step
Offset
Step
Width
Taper
Length
Fall
Width
Y/N mm mm mm mm
Slab Panel
Effective Beam Flange
Downturn Beam
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y 0 0 2000 -200
Y 0 0 2000 -200
Y 0 0 2000 -200
Y 0 0 2000 -200
Steps(2) : Horizontal
Layer Shape
Attribute
Step this
attribute of
this shape
Step
Offset
Step
Width
Taper
Length
Fall
Width
Y/N mm mm mm mm
Slab Panel
Effective Beam Flange
Downturn Beam
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y 0 0 2000 200
Y 0 0 2000 200
Y 0 0 2000 200
Y 0 0 2000 200
Load Cases
Load
Case
Load Type Load Definition Live Load
Deflection
Case
Description
List List Y/N A
1
2
3
4
5
Self Weight Moment/Shear Diagram SW
Initial Dead Load Moment/Shear Diagram SDL
Live Load Moment/Shear Diagram N LL
Earthquake Load Moment/Shear Envelope EX
Alternate Eq L Moment/Shear Envelope EY
RAPT 6.3.1.0 Project Name: GUDANG FASILITAS Page 2/36
Licensee: "PT Prestress Construction Indonesia 06/05/2014 17:07:24 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
1. Self Weight - Diagram Column
ColumnMoment in
Column
above
Moment in
Column
below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1
2
0 0 0
0 0 0
1. Self Weight - Diagram Span 1
PointLocationMomentShear
mm kNm kN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 -1600 -580
600 -1270 -559
4500 261 -180
9000 799 18
13500 265 179
17400 -1270 560
18000 -1600 580
2. Initial Dead Load - Diagram Column
ColumnMoment in
Column
above
Moment in
Column
below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1
2
0 0 0
0 0 0
2. Initial Dead Load - Diagram Span 1
PointLocationMomentShear
mm kNm kN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 -500 -190
600 -391 -171
4500 82 -55
9000 248 -8
13500 81 56
17400 -395 172
18000 -500 190
3. Live Load - Diagram Column
ColumnMoment in
Column
above
Moment in
Column
below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1
2
0 0 0
0 0 0
3. Live Load - Diagram Span 1
PointLocationMoment Shear
mm kNm kN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 -4000 -1500
600 -3129 -1369
4500 653 -441
9000 1984 -64
13500 644 443
17400 -3156 1372
18000 -4000 1500
4. Earthquake Load - Envelope Column
Column Primary
Moment in
Column above
Primary
Moment in
Column below
Primary
Reaction
Reversal
Moment in
column above
Reversal
Moment in
column below
Reversal
Reaction
kNm kNm kN kNm kNm kN
1
2
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
4. Earthquake Load - Envelope Span 1
PointLocation Primary
Moment
Primary
Shear
Reversal
Moment
Reversal
Shear
mm kNm kN kNm kN
1
2
0 195 36 -195 -36
18000 -195 36 195 -36
5. Alternate Eq L - Envelope Column
Column Primary
Moment in
Column above
Primary
Moment in
Column below
Primary
Reaction
Reversal
Moment in
column above
Reversal
Moment in
column below
Reversal
Reaction
1
2
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
5. Alternate Eq L - Envelope Span 1
PointLocation Primary
Moment
Primary
Shear
Reversal
Moment
Reversal
Shear
mm kNm kN kNm kN
1
2
0 2 1 -2 -1
18000 -2 1 2 -1
Load Combinations : Ultimate
Load
Combination
Description Prestress
Secondary
Adverse
Prestress
Secondary
Beneficial
1. Self
Weight
2. Initial
Dead
Load
3.
Live
Load
4.
Earthquake
Load
5.
Alternate
Eq L
A #.# #.# #.# #.# #.# #.# #.#
1
2
3
Live Load 1 1 1.2 1.2 1.6 0 0
Dead Load 1 1 1.4 1.4 0 0 0
Earthquake 1 1 1.2 1.2 1 1.4 1.4
Load Combinations : Short Term Service
Load
Combination
DescriptionLong-term
Prestress
1. Self
Weight
2. Initial
Dead
Load
3.
Live
Load
4.
Earthquake
Load
5.
Alternate
Eq L
A #.# #.# #.# #.# #.# #.#
1 Live Load 1 1 1 1 0 0
Load Combinations : Permanent Service
Load
Combination
DescriptionLong-term
Prestress
1. Self
Weight
2. Initial
Dead
Load
3.
Live
Load
4.
Earthquake
Load
5.
Alternate
Eq L
A #.# #.# #.# #.# #.# #.#
1 Live Load 1 1 1 0.75 0 0
Load Combinations : Deflection
Load
Combination
Description Long-term
Prestress
1. Self
Weight
2. Initial
Dead
Load
3.
Live
Load
4.
Earthquake
Load
5.
Alternate
Eq L
A #.# #.# #.# #.# #.# #.#
1
2
3
Short Term - Deflection 1 1 1 0 0 0
Permanent - Deflection 1 1 1 0 0 0
Initial - Deflection 1 1 1 0 0 0
Load Combinations : Transfer Prestress
Load
Combination
Description Transfer
Prestress
1. Self
Weight
2. Initial
Dead
Load
3.
Live
Load
4.
Earthquake
Load
5.
Alternate
Eq L
A #.# #.# #.# #.# #.# #.#
1 Transfer 1 1 0 0 0 0
Load Combinations : Pre Existing
Load
Combination
Prestress
1. Self
Weight
2. Initial
Dead
Load
3.
Live
Load
4.
Earthquake
Load
5.
Alternate
Eq L
A #.# #.# #.# #.# #.# #.#
1 Pre Existing 1 1 0 0 0 0
Load Combinations : Construction
Load
Combination
Prestress
1. Self
Weight
2. Initial
Dead
Load
3.
Live
Load
4.
Earthquake
Load
5.
Alternate
Eq L
A #.# #.# #.# #.# #.# #.#
1 Construction 1 1 0 0 0 0
Load Case 1 : 1. Self Weight
0
1
18000
2
mm
800
1600
-800
-1600
0
kNm
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
200
400
-200
-400
0
kN
Shear
Load Case 2 : 2. Initial Dead Load
0
1
18000
2
mm
200
400
-200
-400
0
kNm
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
90
180
-90
-180
0
kN
Shear
Load Case 3 : 3. Live Load
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
-2000
-4000
0
kNm
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
700
1400
-700
-1400
0
kN
Shear
Load Case 4 : 4. Earthquake Load
0
1
18000
2
mm
90
180
-90
-180
0
kNm
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
20
-20
0
kN
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
90
180
-90
-180
0
kNm
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
20
-20
0
kN
Shear
Load Case 5 : 5. Alternate Eq L
0
1
18000
2
mm
1
2
-1
-2
0
kNm
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
0.5
1
-0.5
-1
0
kN
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1
2
-1
-2
0
kNm
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
0.5
1
-0.5
-1
0
kN
Shear
Prestress
Tendon Normal or
upside down
profiles
Steel
Type
Steel
Diameter
Prestress
Type
Prestress
Anchorage
Size
Number
of
Strands
Number
of
Tendons
Spacing
of
tendons
Top
Cover
to
Duct
Bottom
Cover
to Duct
Left
Anchorage
Reference
Column
Distance to
left
anchorage
from column
List List List List List List #.# mm mm mm # mm
1
2
Strand 12.7mm MultiStrand 19 19 3 40 40 1 -600
Strand 12.7mm MultiStrand 7 7 2 40 40 1 -600
Tendon Left
Anchorage
Type
Right
Anchorage
Reference
Column
Distance to
Right
Anchorage from
Column
Right
Anchorage
Type
Stacked tendons,
No effect on
effective shear
width
Tendon
Length
List # mm List List mm
1
2
2 600 Individual 19200
2 600 Individual 19200
Tendon 1 : - Drape Locations
SpanTendon
Profile
Type
Length of Left End
Straight
Section/Start of
Drape Section in
Span
Length of Right End
Straight
Section/End of
Drape Section in
Span
Reverse
Curve
Radius
Number of
strands from
left end
terminating
in span
Extra
angle
change
in this
span
Tendon
Profile
Point
Spacing
Number
of strands
full length
of tendon
in span
List mm mm mm # #.# mm #
1 0 0 12461.4 0 0 914.4 19
Tendon 1 : - Allowable Profiles
Span Tendon Cover
to centreline at
left end of
span
Tendon Cover
to duct at left
end of Parabola
Tendon Cover to
duct at low point
of parabola
Tendon Cover
to duct at right
end of Parabola
Tendon Cover
to duct at
right end of
span
Available
Parabola
Drape
Relative
Minimum
Tendon
Ratio
mm mm mm mm mm mm #.#
1 305.6 292.6 40 292.6 305.6 653.7 1
Tendon 1 : - Adopted Profiles
Span Profile
Height
Datum
Profile
height at
left end
of span
Profile
height at
left end of
parabola
Profile
Height at
midpoint of
parabola
Profile
height at
right end of
parabola
Profile
height at
right end
of span
Adopted
Parabolic
Drape
Percentage of
available
parabolic drape
adopted
Prestress
Force
Balanced
Uniform
Load
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm % kN %
1 1000 750 750 100 750 750 650 99.4 105.79 245.1
Tendon 1 : - Details
Reverse Curve at Left Anchorage Y/N
Reverse Curve at Right Anchorage Y/N
Percentage J acking Force %
Y
Y
75
Tendon 1 : - Jacking Sequence
Stage Proportion of
J acking force
applied at this
stage
Stressing
Time in
days
Concrete
Strength
% #.# MPa
100 7.817 28
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
Tendon 2 : - Drape Locations
Span Tendon
Profile Type
Length of Left End
Straight
Section/Start of
Drape Section in
Span
Length of Right End
Straight
Section/End of
Drape Section in
Span
Reverse
Curve
Radius
Number of
strands
from right
terminating
in span
Extra
angle
change
in this
span
Tendon
Profile
Point
Spacing
Number
of strands
full length
of tendon
in span
List mm mm mm # #.# mm #
1 -600 -600 5000 0 0 914.4 7
Tendon 2 : - Allowable Profiles
Span Tendon Cover
to centreline at
left end of
span
Tendon Cover
to duct at
right end of
span
Relative
Minimum
Tendon
Ratio
mm mm #.#
1 40 40 0
Tendon 2 : - Adopted Profiles
Span Profile
Height
Datum
Profile
height at
left end
of span
Profile
height at
right end
of span
Prestress
Force
mm mm mm kN
1 1000 750 750 106.82
Tendon 2 : - Details
Reverse Curve at Left Anchorage Y/N
Reverse Curve at Right Anchorage Y/N
Percentage J acking Force %
N
N
75
Tendon 2 : - Jacking Sequence
Stage Proportion of
J acking force
applied at this
stage
Stressing
Time in
days
Concrete
Strength
% #.# MPa
100 6.741 27
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
Tendon 1 : - Gross Extension: 116.3mm - 3 - 19/12.7
Profile Heights
Span 1 Locat mm
Height mm
-600 0 900 1800 2700 3600 4500 5400 6300 7200 8100 9000 9900 10800 11700 12600 13500
750 720 720 650 520 395 290 200 130 85 55 45 55 85 130 200 290
Span 1 Locat mm
Height mm
14400 15300 16200 17100 18000 18600
395 520 650 720 720 750
Critical Profile Points
Span 1 Locat mm
Height mm
-600 -187.7 0 2394.2 9000 15605.8 18000 18187.7 18600
-292.5 -285.7 -279.5 -430.2 -955.5 -430.2 -279.5 -285.7 -292.5
Profile Heights
Span 1 Locat mm
Height mm
-600 314.3 1228.6 2142.9 3057.1 3971.4 4885.7 5800 6714.3 7628.6 8542.9 9457.1 10371.4 11285.7
750 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725 725
Span 1 Locat mm
Height mm
12200 13114.3 14028.6 14942.9 15857.1 16771.4 17685.7 18600
725 725 725 725 725 725 725 750
Critical Profile Points
Span 1 Locat mm
Height mm
-600 18600
-277.5 -277.5

7

7

Tendon 1 : - 3 - 19/12.7
1 2
-300
-600
-900
0
mm

1
9

1
9

7
5
0
c
l
7
2
0
7
2
0
6
5
0
5
2
0
3
9
5
2
9
0
2
0
0
1
3
0
8
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
8
5
1
3
0
2
0
0
2
9
0
3
9
5
5
2
0
6
5
0
7
2
0
7
2
0
7
5
0
c
l

1
9

1
9

Tendon 2 : - 2 - 7/12.7
1 2
-300
-600
-900
0
mm

7

7

7
5
0
c
l
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
2
5
7
5
0
c
l
Reinforcement
Reinforcement
Use
Reinforcement
Type
Preferred
Bar Size
Number
of Legs
List List #
Flexural Bar
Flexural Mesh
Shear Option 1
D 400MPa
MP-100 500MPa
D 400MPa 13 4
Licensee: 06/05/2014 17:08:18 License No.: 10379063101111WPN1
Reinforcement
Use
Reinforcement
Type
Preferred
Bar Size
Number
of Legs
List List #
Shear Option 2
Shear Option 3
Punching Shear
D 400MPa 14 4
D 400MPa 16 4
D 400MPa 16 4
Reinforcement
Maximum
Bar
Spacing
Minimum
Bar
Spacing
Minimum
Continuous
Reinforcement
Minimum Span
Reinforcement
into End
Support
Minimum Span
Reinforcement
into Internal
Support
Infill
Bars
Stagger
Bars
mm mm #.# #.# #.# Y/N Y/N
Support Reinforcement
Span Reinforcement
304.8 63.5 0 N N
304.8 63.5 0 0 N N
Design Zones : Top
Layer
Number
Steel
type
Left End
Reference
Column
Distance to
left end of
bar
Bar stagger
length at left
end
Top Cover
at left end
Right End
Reference
Column
Distance to
right end of
bar
Bar stagger
length at
right end
Top Cover
at Right
end
Maximum
Bar Size
Minimum
Bar Size
Preferred
bar size
List # mm mm mm # mm mm mm List List List
1 Bar 1 -600 0 40 2 600 0 40 25 25 25
Layer
Number
Minimum
Number of
Bars
Maximum
Spacing of
Bars
Minimum
Steel area as
%
% in
Flange
# mm % %
1 0 0 0 0
Design Zones : Bottom
Layer
Number
Steel
type
Left End
Reference
Column
Distance to
left end of
bar
Bar stagger
length at left
end
Bottom
Cover at left
end
Right End
Reference
Column
Distance to
right end of
bar
Bar stagger
length at
right end
Bottom
Cover at
Right End
Maximum
Bar Size
Minimum
Bar Size
Preferred
bar size
List # mm mm mm # mm mm mm List List List
1 Bar 1 -600 0 40 2 600 0 40 25 25 25
Layer
Number
Minimum
Number of
Bars
Maximum
Spacing of
Bars
Minimum
Steel area as
%
% in
Flange
# mm % %
1 0 0 0 0
User Defined : Top
Layer
Number
Steel type Left End
Reference
Column
Distance
to left
end of
bar
Bar
stagger
length at
left end
Top
Cover
at left
end
% Development
of Left End of
Bar in Tension
% Development
of Left End of
Bar in
Compression
Right End
Reference
Column
Distance
to right
end of
bar
Bar
stagger
length at
right end
Top
Cover
at Right
end
List # mm mm mm % % # mm mm mm
1
2
3
D 400MPa 1 -560 0 56 50 0 1 5650 1650 56
D 400MPa 2 -5600 1650 56 0 0 2 560 0 56
D 400MPa 1 -560 0 56 0 0 2 560 0 56
Layer
Number
% Development
of Right End of
Bar in Tension
% Development
of Right End of
Bar in
Compression
Bar
Size
Number
of Bars
Spacing
of Bars
% in
Flange
Layer attached
after the
PreExisting Load
Case
% % List # mm % Y/N
1
2
3
0 0 25 4 0 0 N
50 0 25 4 0 0 N
0 0 25 5 0 0 N
User Defined : Bottom
Layer
Number
Steel type Left End
Reference
Column
Distance
to left
end of
bar
Bar
stagger
length at
left end
Bottom
Cover
at Left
end
% Development
of Left End of
Bar in Tension
% Development
of Left End of
Bar in
Compression
Right End
Reference
Column
Distance
to right
end of
bar
Bar
stagger
length at
right end
Bottom
Cover
at Right
End
1
2
D 400MPa 1 -560 0 56 0 0 2 560 0 56
D 400MPa 1 -560 0 156 50 0 1 5650 1650 156
Layer
Number
Steel type Left End
Reference
Column
Distance
to left
end of
bar
Bar
stagger
length at
left end
Bottom
Cover
at Left
end
% Development
of Left End of
Bar in Tension
% Development
of Left End of
Bar in
Compression
Right End
Reference
Column
Distance
to right
end of
bar
Bar
stagger
length at
right end
Bottom
Cover
at Right
End
3 D 400MPa 2 -5600 1650 156 0 0 2 560 0 156
Layer
Number
% Development
of Right End of
Bar in Tension
% Development
of Right End of
Bar in
Compression
Bar
Size
Number
of Bars
Spacing
of Bars
% in
Flange
Layer attached
after the
PreExisting Load
Case
% % List # mm % Y/N
1
2
3
0 0 25 9 0 0 N
0 0 25 9 0 0 N
50 0 25 9 0 0 N
Design Data
Capacity Reduction factor (phi) for Flexure #.#
Capacity Reduction factor (phi) for Shear #.#
Material Factor for Concrete in Flexure #.#
Material Factor for Concrete in Shear #.#
Material Factor for Reinforcement #.#
Maximum Ratio of Neutral Axis Depth for Ductility #.#
Ductility Limit - Strain #.#
Ductility Check at Left End Column Y/N
Ductility Check at Right End Column Y/N
Minimum Reinforcement Strength Limit - #.##x M* #.#
Flexural Critical Section - Consider Transverse Beams Y/N
Flexural Critical Section - Distance from centre of Support #.#
Beam Left Sideface Cover (Internal) mm
Beam Right Sideface cover mm
Prestress Minimum Reinforcement Basis List
Shear Enhancement at Supports Y/N
Ast Value in Shear Calculations List
Limit Reinforcement Strain Y/N
Beam Shear Critical Section Location List
0.9
0.75
1
1
1
0
0.003
Y
Y
0
Y
-1
25
40
Program Default
N
Calculated
N
Code Critical Section
Maximum Service Stress Change - Prestressed Sections MPa
Maximum Service Stress Change - Reinforced Sections MPa
Relative Humidity %
Average Temperature C.
Prestress Losses Calculations based on List
Crack Width Calculations List
AS3600 Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement List
Degree of Restraint in Primary Direction %
Degree of Restraint in Secondary Direction %
Concrete Strength Gain Rate List
150
0
50
20
Program Default
Code default
Moderate
0
0
N
Concrete Tensile Strength for Deflection Calculations- #.##x (Fc)n #.#
Maximum Value of Ieff/Igross for Deflection Calculations #.#
Total Deflection Warning Limit - Maximum Span/Deflection #.#
Total Deflection Warning Limit - Maximum Deflection mm
Incremental Deflection Warning Limit - Maximum Span/Deflection #.#
Incremental Deflection Warning Limit - Maximum Deflection mm
Time of Loading in days #.#
Age Adjustment Factor #.#
Concrete Strength at Time of Loading MPa
Loaded Period in years #.#
Tension stiffening Approach List
-1
0.6
250
0
480
0
10
0.76
29.58
30
Modified Concrete Tensile Modulus Method
Live Load Pattern Factor #.#
Pattern Live Load for Ultimate Strength Y/N
Pattern Live Load for Crack Control Y/N
Pattern Live Load For Deflections Y/N
Pattern Live Load for Deflection Permanent Load Combination Y/N
Material Properties
Concrete
Description
Characteristic Compressive Strength
35MPa
35
Mean Compressive Strength
Lower Characteristic Tensile Strength
Upper Characteristic Tensile Strength
Concrete Density
Design Concrete Modulus
Mean Concrete Modulus
Basic Shrinkage Strain
Shrinkage Multiplier
Basic Creep Factor
Concrete Strain at Peak Stress
Squash Load Factor
Concrete Strain Limit
40.47
3.55
6.39
2447
30793.1
33114.1
780
1
3.063
0.002
0.85
0.003
Prestress Strand
Diameter Area Breaking
Load
0.2%
Proof
Stress
1%
Stress
Breaking
Strain
Design
Strain
Limit
Elastic
Modulus
Plastic
Modulus
Basic
Relaxation
Weight Material
Factor
Flexure
Material
Factor
Shear
Material
Capacity
Reduction
Factor - Flexure
12.7 98.7 184 85 82 0.06 90 1.95e5 2200 2.5 0.77 -1 -1 -1
Material Capacity
Reduction Factor
- Shear
Include as
Flexural
Reinforcement for
Shear
Set as
default
Description
-1 Y Y
Bonded Multistrand
Anchorage
Size
Description Transfer
Concrete
Strength
Anchor
Friction
Draw-inMaximum
J acking
Force
Set as
default
7 PCI 25 2 6 75 N
19 PCI 25 2 6 75 N
Live
End
Deformed
Strand Dead
End
Nominal
Swaged Dead
End
Full
Swaged
Dead End
Ineffective Length mm
Force at Start of Transition %
Transition Length mm
Force at End of Transition %
100 100 100 100
100 40 50 100
0 1000 300 0
100 100 100 100
Number
of
Cables
Duct
Diameter
Duct Wall
Thickness
Centroid
Distance
Duct
Friction
Wobble -
Unintentional
Friction - K
Minimum
Reverse
Curve Radius
# mm mm mm #.# 1/m mm
5 55 2.5 12.1 0.2 0.003 3500
6 55 2.5 9.9 0.2 0.003 3500
7 55 2.5 8.2 0.2 0.003 3500
Live
End
Deformed
Strand Dead
End
Nominal
Swaged Dead
End
Full
Swaged
Dead End
Ineffective Length mm
Force at Start of Transition %
Transition Length mm
Force at End of Transition %
100 100 100 100
100 40 50 100
0 1000 300 0
100 100 100 100
Number
of
Cables
Duct
Diameter
Duct Wall
Thickness
Centroid
Distance
Duct
Friction
Wobble -
Unintentional
Friction - K
Minimum
Reverse
Curve Radius
# mm mm mm #.# 1/m mm
13 85 2.5 19.6 0.2 0.003 5600
14 85 2.5 18.4 0.2 0.003 5600
15 85 2.5 17.4 0.2 0.003 5600
16 85 2.5 16.3 0.2 0.003 5600
17 85 2.5 15.2 0.2 0.003 5600
18 85 2.5 14.1 0.2 0.003 5600
19 85 2.5 13 0.2 0.003 5600
Reinforcement Bar
Designation Type Yield
Stress
Elastic
Modulus
Ductility Peak
Strain
Peak
Stress
Design
Strain
Limit
Material
Factor
Flexure
Material
Factor
Shear
Material
Capacity
Reduction
Factor - Flexure
Material Capacity
Reduction Factor
- Shear
Include as
Flexural
Reinforcement for
Shear
D Deformed 400 2.05e5 N 0.05 570 90 -1 -1 -1 -1 Y
Description
BJ TD40
Nominal
Bar Size
Bar
Diameter
Bar
Area
Bar
Inertia
Bar
Weight
Stock
Length
A mm mm2 mm4 kg/m mm
10 10 78.5 491 0.62 12000
12 12 113 1017.9 0.89 12000
13 13 132 1402.55 1.04 12000
14 14 154 1885.74 1.21 12000
16 16 201 3218 1.58 12000
18 18 254 5153 2 12000
19 19 284 6397.11 2.23 12000
22 22 380 11499 2.98 12000
25 25 491 19175 3.85 12000
28 28 616 30172 4.83 12000
29 29 661 34719 5.19 12000
32 32 804 51472 6.31 12000
36 36 1020 82448 7.99 12000
Elevation view
0
1
18000
2
mm
-300
-600
-900
0
mm
Plan view
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
-2000
-4000
0
mm
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
-2000
-4000
-6000
0
mm
Warnings
Input
Warning:No Live Load Case defined for deflection calculations.
Output
No errors or warnings were found.
Frame Properties
Span 1
Length mm
Inertia mm4
Area mm2
600 600 2000 12800 2000 600 600
2.4e11 2.4e11 1.52e11 1.32e11 1.52e11 2.4e11 2.4e11
2.03e6 2.03e6 1.88e6 1.73e6 1.88e6 2.03e6 2.03e6
Column Members
Col
No.
Area
Above
Inertia
Above
Area
Below
Inertia
Below
# mm2 mm4 mm2 mm4
1 1.44e6 1.58e11 1.44e6 1.27e11
2 1.44e6 1.58e11 1.44e6 1.27e11
Prestress
Tendon Forces
Span 1
Locat mm
Transfer Strand kN
Total kN
Service Strand kN
Total kN
Slope #.#
Height mm
1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500
110.07 111.34 111.34 112.36 113.82 114.33 114.33 114.65 114.65 115.46 115.46 115.87
6274.17 6346.31 6346.55 6404.39 6487.99 6516.82 6516.9 6535.19 6535.28 6581.37 6581.46 6604.63
97.63 98.67 98.67 94.83 96.17 95.93 95.93 96.06 96.06 96.18 96.18 96.27
5564.92 5623.92 5624.12 5405.18 5481.79 5468.23 5468.19 5475.55 5475.58 5482.35 5482.36 5487.5
0 -0.0481 -0.0482 -0.0883 -0.1435 -0.1284 -0.1284 -0.1204 -0.1203 -0.1003 -0.1003 -0.0903
-250 -264.4 -264.5 -298.5 -387.1 -489 -489.3 -538.8 -539 -649.1 -649.3 -696.9
Locat mm
Transfer Strand kN
Total kN
Service Strand kN
Total kN
Slope #.#
Height mm
4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500
115.99 115.99 116.81 116.81 118.2 119.6 120.91 119.47 119.47 118.64 118.64 118.55
6611.56 6611.65 6658.28 6658.37 6737.31 6817.23 6891.87 6810.07 6809.98 6762.41 6762.32 6757.62
96.09 96.09 94.87 94.87 93.86 95.32 96.28 97.34 97.34 98.56 98.56 98.68
5477.12 5476.97 5407.69 5407.56 5349.97 5433.27 5487.85 5548.34 5548.47 5617.74 5617.88 5624.71
-0.0873 -0.0872 -0.0672 -0.0672 -0.0336 0 0.0341 0.0682 0.0682 0.0883 0.0883 0.0903
-710.1 -710.3 -787.4 -787.5 -871.9 -900 -871 -784.1 -784 -705.9 -705.7 -696.9
Locat mm
Transfer Strand kN
Total kN
Service Strand kN
Total kN
Slope #.#
Height mm
14049 14051 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
118.1 118.1 117.27 117.27 116.98 116.98 116.47 114.96 113.93 113.92 112.63
6731.61 6731.52 6684.5 6684.41 6668.09 6668 6638.56 6552.98 6493.77 6493.52 6419.72
98.58 98.58 98.44 98.44 98.32 98.32 98.56 97.2 101.03 101.02 99.96
5618.82 5618.81 5611.04 5611.02 5604.16 5604.2 5617.85 5540.33 5758.46 5758.26 5697.86
0.1013 0.1013 0.1214 0.1214 0.1284 0.1284 0.1434 0.0883 0.0482 0.0481 0
-644.3 -644.1 -533 -532.7 -489.3 -489 -387.2 -298.5 -264.5 -264.4 -250
Span 1
Locat mm
Transfer Strand kN
Total kN
Service Strand kN
Total kN
Slope #.#
Height mm
1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500
126.57 126.79 126.79 126.92 126.67 126.28 126.28 126.12 126.12 125.73 125.73 125.54
1771.99 1775.03 1775.04 1776.85 1773.41 1767.92 1767.91 1765.73 1765.72 1760.26 1760.25 1757.53
112.72 112.67 112.67 107.7 106.97 106.08 106.08 105.99 105.99 105.71 105.71 105.55
1578.02 1577.38 1577.37 1507.84 1497.54 1485.13 1485.11 1483.83 1483.82 1479.96 1479.95 1477.66
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250
Locat mm
Transfer Strand kN
Total kN
Service Strand kN
Total kN
Slope #.#
Height mm
4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500
125.48 125.48 125.09 125.09 124.44 123.8 123.15 122.53 122.53 122.17 122.17 122.13
1756.71 1756.7 1751.27 1751.26 1742.18 1733.14 1724.03 1715.39 1715.38 1710.32 1710.31 1709.81
105.52 105.52 105.32 105.32 104.82 104.13 103.52 102.87 102.87 102.39 102.39 102.34
1477.31 1477.31 1474.43 1474.42 1467.48 1457.87 1449.31 1440.16 1440.15 1433.5 1433.49 1432.78
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250
Locat mm
Transfer Strand kN
Total kN
Service Strand kN
Total kN
Slope #.#
Height mm
14049 14051 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
121.93 121.93 121.57 121.57 121.45 121.45 121.28 121.1 120.98 120.98 120.78
1707.04 1707.03 1702 1701.99 1700.24 1700.23 1697.86 1695.45 1693.76 1693.75 1690.86
102.15 102.15 101.74 101.74 101.59 101.59 101.97 102.34 107.34 107.35 107.4
1430.08 1430.07 1424.42 1424.41 1422.22 1422.22 1427.63 1432.77 1502.83 1502.83 1503.58
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250 -250
0
1
18000
2
mm
90
100
110
120
130
80
kN
96.6
Transfer Service Average
0
1
18000
2
mm
90
100
110
120
130
80
kN
105
Transfer Service Average
Tendon Actions
Distributed Forces Induced By Tendon Shape - Tendon 1 - 3 - 19/12.7
Load
No.
Prestress
Force
Ref Col
No.
Start
Location
Start
Value
End
Location
End
Value
Transfer
Factor
# kN A mm kN/m mm kN/m #.#
1 6663.13 1 0 442.04 1800 442.04 1.2096
2 6663.13 1 1800 -110.51 16200 -110.51 1.2096
3 6663.13 1 16200 442.04 18000 442.04 1.2096
Moments From Anchorage Eccentricity - Tendon 1 - 3 - 19/12.7
Moment
Start
e Prestress
Force
Span
No.
LocationTransfer
Factor
Moment
End
e Prestress
Force
Span
No.
LocationTransfer
Factor
kNm mm kN # mm #.# kNm mm kN # mm #.#
535.54 -97.2 6663.13 0 0 1.2096 -535.54 -97.2 6663.13 2 600 1.2096
Forces From Changes In Centroids - Tendon 1 - 3 - 19/12.7
Point Loads Point Moments
Ref
Col
Distance
From Col
Prestress
Force
Change
Of Slope
Vertical
Load
Charge Of
Centroid
Applied
Moment
Transfer
Factor
A mm kN #.# kN mm kN/m #.#
1 600 6663.13 0.0242 133.05 0 0 1.2096
1 2600 6663.13 -0.0242 -133.05 0 0 1.2096
1 15400 6663.13 -0.0242 -133.05 0 0 1.2096
1 17400 6663.13 0.0242 133.05 0 0 1.2096
Moments From Anchorage Eccentricity - Tendon 2 - 2 - 7/12.7
Moment
Start
e Prestress
Force
Span
No.
LocationTransfer
Factor
Moment
End
e Prestress
Force
Span
No.
LocationTransfer
Factor
kNm mm kN # mm #.# kNm mm kN # mm #.#
142.97 -97.2 1733.61 0 0 1.1789 -142.97 -97.2 1733.61 2 600 1.1789
Forces From Changes In Centroids - Tendon 2 - 2 - 7/12.7
Point Loads Point Moments
Ref
Col
Distance
From Col
Prestress
Force
Change
Of Slope
Vertical
Load
Charge Of
Centroid
Applied
Moment
Transfer
Factor
A mm kN #.# kN mm kN/m #.#
1 600 1733.61 0.0242 35.52 0 0 1.1789
1 2600 1733.61 -0.0242 -35.52 0 0 1.1789
1 15400 1733.61 -0.0242 -35.52 0 0 1.1789
1 17400 1733.61 0.0242 35.52 0 0 1.1789
Forces from Tendon Profiles - Tendon 1 - 3 - 19/12.7
0
1
18000
2
mm
200
400
600
0
kN/m
-111
Forces from Changes in Section - Tendon 1 - 3 - 19/12.7
0
1
18000
2
mm
40
80
120
160
0
kN
Forces from Tendon Profiles - Tendon 2 - 2 - 7/12.7
0
1
18000
2
mm
50
100
150
200
0
kN/m
Forces from Changes in Section - Tendon 2 - 2 - 7/12.7
0
1
18000
2
mm
10
20
30
40
0
kN
Secondary Forces
Tendon 1 :
Span
No.
End Tendon
Depth
Centroid
Depth
e Peff. MTotal MSec ReactionTransfer
Factor
# A mm mm mm kN kNm kNm kN #.#
1 Left 250 347.2 97.2 5508.38 -2363.18 1827.64 0 0
1 Right 250 347.2 97.2 5508.38 2363.18 1827.64 0 0
Tendon 2 :
Span
No.
End Tendon
Depth
Centroid
Depth
e Peff. MTotal MSec ReactionTransfer
Factor
# A mm mm mm kN kNm kNm kN #.#
1 Left 250 347.2 97.2 1470.54 -66.46 -76.51 -0 0
1 Right 250 347.2 97.2 1470.54 66.46 -76.51 0 0
Bending Moments
Load Cases
Secondary Transfer
Total Panel Column Moments And Reactions
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1 -1364.39 -756.19 0
2 1364.39 756.19 0
Moment Shear Diagram
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Span 1 Locat mm 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Span 1 Locat mm 14049 14051 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59 2120.59
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
2121
2121
2121
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
0 0
Secondary Service
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1 -1126.69 -624.45 0
2 1126.69 624.45 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Span 1 Locat mm 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Span 1 Locat mm 14049 14051 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13 1751.13
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
1751
1751
1751
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
0 0
Prestress Transfer
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1 -1364.39 -756.19 -0
2 1364.39 756.19 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
2936.94 2841.01 2840.17 2512.03 1770.4 938.95 937.04 607.19 605.58 -128.15 -129.49 -446.3
-0.53 -320.29 -524.18 -790.99 -1158.72 -1058.46 -855.38 -802.18 -801.91 -668.5 -668.23 -601.53
Span 1 Locat mm 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-534.44 -535.6 -1049.22 -1050.11 -1612.22 -1799.74 -1606.81 -1027.56 -1026.65 -506.37 -505.19 -446.3
-581.61 -581.35 -447.94 -447.67 -223.9 0 227.11 454.36 454.62 588.03 588.3 601.53
Span 1 Locat mm 14049 14051 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-95.91 -94.56 645.84 647.46 937.04 938.95 1769.24 2512.03 2840.17 2841.01 2936.93
674.92 675.19 808.59 808.86 855.38 1058.46 1158.59 790.99 524.18 320.29 0.53
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
2840
-1800
2840
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
-791
791
Prestress Service
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1 -1126.69 -624.45 0
2 1126.69 624.45 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500 4649
Moment kNm
Shear kN
2429.64 2350.34 2349.64 2077.92 1464.14 776.11 774.53 501.84 500.51 -106.06 -107.16 -369.07 -441.94
-0.44 -264.78 -434.24 -654.81 -958.81 -875.93 -707.14 -663.15 -662.93 -552.65 -552.43 -497.28 -480.82
Span 1 Locat mm 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500 14049 14051
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-442.9 -867.5 -868.24 -1332.93 -1487.95 -1328.46 -849.6 -848.84 -418.73 -417.76 -369.07 -79.41 -78.29
-480.6 -370.31 -370.09 -185.1 0 187.75 375.61 375.84 486.12 486.34 497.28 557.95 558.17
Span 1 Locat mm 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
533.8 535.14 774.53 776.11 1463.18 2077.92 2349.64 2350.34 2429.64
668.46 668.68 707.14 875.93 958.7 654.81 434.24 264.78 0.44
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
2350
-1488
2350
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
-655
655
Load Case 1. Self Weight
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-1599.45 -1270.55 -1269.61 -1073.72 -779.69 -485.26 -484.48 -328.24 -327.45 64.33 65.11 261
-579.97 -559.03 -558.9 -510.41 -437.62 -364.74 -364.54 -325.87 -325.67 -228.69 -228.49 -180
Span 1 Locat mm 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500 14049 14051
Moment kNm
Shear kN
278.81 279.05 398.37 398.61 598.74 799 597.39 395.65 395.41 276.99 276.75 265 48.92 48.13
-173.44 -173.36 -129.44 -129.36 -55.7 18 78.79 139.61 139.68 175.39 175.46 179 232.63 232.83
Span 1 Locat mm 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-344.67 -345.46 -482.43 -483.21 -778.01 -1073.21 -1269.61 -1270.55 -1599.45
330.33 330.52 364.52 364.71 437.88 511.15 559.9 560.03 579.97
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
-1270
799
-1270
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
-510
511
Load Case 2. Initial Dead Load
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500 4649 4651
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-499.82 -391.18 -390.88 -330.36 -239.52 -148.56 -148.31 -100.04 -99.8 21.24 21.48 82 87.5 87.57
-189.97 -171.03 -170.97 -156.13 -133.85 -111.54 -111.48 -99.65 -99.59 -69.9 -69.84 -55 -53.44 -53.42
Span 1 Locat mm 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500 14049 14051 15049 15051
Moment kNm
Shear kN
124.39 124.46 186.21 248 184.95 121.86 121.79 84.75 84.67 81 13.99 13.75 -108.06 -108.3
-43 -42.98 -25.49 -8 16.16 40.34 40.37 54.56 54.59 56 72.33 72.39 102.07 102.13
Span 1 Locat mm 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-150.78 -151.02 -242.44 -333.97 -394.88 -395.17 -499.83
112.48 112.54 134.82 157.13 171.97 172.03 189.97
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
-391
248
-395
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
-156
157
Load Case 3. Live Load
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1 0 0 0
2 0 0 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-3998.55 -3130.45 -3128.03 -2644.13 -1917.79 -1190.48 -1188.54 -802.59 -800.65 167.16 169.1 653
-1499.78 -1369.22 -1368.76 -1250.03 -1071.8 -893.34 -892.86 -798.16 -797.69 -560.21 -559.74 -441
Span 1 Locat mm 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500 14049 14051
Moment kNm
Shear kN
697.07 697.66 992.85 993.44 1488.57 1984 1478.08 971.85 971.26 674.08 673.48 644 109.08 107.13
-428.52 -428.35 -344.74 -344.57 -204.33 -64 127.42 318.95 319.18 431.62 431.85 443 573.77 574.25
Span 1 Locat mm 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-865.28 -867.23 -1206.31 -1208.26 -1938.05 -2668.82 -3155.03 -3157.41 -3998.59
811.98 812.46 895.35 895.83 1074.24 1252.9 1371.76 1372.21 1499.79
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
-3128
1984
-3155
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
-1250
1253
Load Case 4. Earthquake Load
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
ReactionReversal
Moment
Above
Reversal
Moment
Below
Reversal
Reaction
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Moment Shear Envelope
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
-194.98 -182.02 -181.98 -171.17 -154.94 -138.69 -138.65 -130.02 -129.98 -108.36 -108.31 -97.5
-36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36
194.98 182.02 181.98 171.17 154.94 138.69 138.65 130.02 129.98 108.36 108.31 97.5
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
Span 1 Locat mm 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500 14049 14051
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
-94.27 -94.23 -72.61 -72.56 -36.29 0 -36.81 -73.64 -73.69 -95.31 -95.35 -97.5 -109.39 -109.44
-36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
94.27 94.23 72.61 72.56 36.29 0 36.81 73.64 73.69 95.31 95.35 97.5 109.39 109.44
36 36 36 36 36 36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36
Span 1 Locat mm 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
-131.06 -131.1 -138.65 -138.69 -154.92 -171.17 -181.98 -182.02 -194.98
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
131.06 131.1 138.65 138.69 154.92 171.17 181.98 182.02 194.98
-36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36 -36
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
182
0
182
Moment 1 Moment 2
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
36
-36
Shear 1 Shear 2
Load Case 5. Alternate Eq L
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
ReactionReversal
Moment
Above
Reversal
Moment
Below
Reversal
Reaction
1 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
-2 -1.87 -1.87 -1.76 -1.59 -1.42 -1.42 -1.33 -1.33 -1.11 -1.11 -1 -0.97 -0.97 -0.74 -0.74 -0.37
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
2 1.87 1.87 1.76 1.59 1.42 1.42 1.33 1.33 1.11 1.11 1 0.97 0.97 0.74 0.74 0.37
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Span 1 Locat mm 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500 14049 14051 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
0 -0.38 -0.76 -0.76 -0.98 -0.98 -1 -1.12 -1.12 -1.34 -1.34 -1.42 -1.42 -1.59
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0.38 0.76 0.76 0.98 0.98 1 1.12 1.12 1.34 1.34 1.42 1.42 1.59
-1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
Span 1 Locat mm 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
-1.76 -1.87 -1.87 -2
1 1 1 1
1.76 1.87 1.87 2
-1 -1 -1 -1
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
1.87
0
1.87
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
1
-1
Shear 1 Shear 2
Load Combinations
Ultimate Flexure
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction Reversal
Moment
Above
Reversal
Moment
Below
Reversal
Reaction
1 -1126.69 -624.45 0 -1126.69 -624.45 0
2 1126.69 624.45 0 1126.69 624.45 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
-7165.67 -5251.67 -5246.3 -4164.37 -2540.38 -914.23 -909.89 -46.94 -42.61 1869.27
-3323.57 -3066.83 -3065.87 -2799.89 -2400.65 -2000.88 -1999.82 -1787.67 -1786.61 -968.92
-1187.84 -575.29 -573.55 -214.58 324.24 863.78 865.22 1151.54 1152.97 2172.66
-1077.91 -1022.09 -1021.82 -933.15 -800.06 -666.79 -666.44 -595.72 -595.36 -868.12
Span 1 Locat mm 4001 4500 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
1872.36 2231.33 2263.97 2264.41 2482.99 2483.43 2850.07 3216.93 2846.4 2475.65 2475.21
-417.67 -329 -317.64 -317.49 -241.42 -241.27 -113.67 14 132.93 251.93 252.07
2175.78 3207.53 3306.02 3307.34 3967 3968.32 5074.79 6181.93 5054.85 3927.11 3925.78
-867.34 -987.6 -957.89 -957.49 -758.51 -758.12 -424.36 -90.4 317.81 726.27 726.75
Span 1 Locat mm 13399 13401 13500 14049 14051 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
2257.56 2257.12 2235.53 1782.55 1779.31 -176.59 -180.95 -938.8 -943.16 -2574.29 -4207.6
321.93 322.07 329 990.13 990.91 1818.05 1819.11 2004.96 2006.03 2406.04 2806.57
3263.73 3262.41 3196.73 2088.86 2085.73 1117.31 1115.87 864.65 863.21 322.5 -218.92
966.53 967.01 990.8 889.33 890.11 605.36 605.71 667.8 668.16 801.79 935.59
Span 1 Locat mm 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
-5294.29 -5299.59 -7165.75
3073.07 3074.02 3323.58
-579.15 -580.88 -1187.85
1024.62 1024.89 1077.91
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
-5246
3217
-5294
Moment 1 Moment 2
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
-2800
2807
Shear 1 Shear 2
Service
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction Reversal
Moment
Above
Reversal
Moment
Below
Reversal
Reaction
1 -1126.69 -624.45 0 -1126.69 -624.45 0
2 1126.69 624.45 0 1126.69 624.45 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
-3668.18 -2441.85 -2438.88 -1970.28 -1472.86 -1048.19 -1046.81 -729.03 -727.39 146.66
-2270.16 -2364.06 -2532.87 -2571.38 -2602.09 -2245.55 -2076.03 -1886.83 -1885.88 -1411.45
-3668.18 -2441.85 -2438.88 -1970.28 -1472.86 -1048.19 -1046.81 -729.03 -727.39 146.66
-2270.16 -2364.06 -2532.87 -2571.38 -2602.09 -2245.55 -2076.03 -1886.83 -1885.88 -1411.45
Span 1 Locat mm 4001 4500 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
148.52 626.93 621.45 621.39 648.1 648.27 940.6 1543.05 931.95 639.77 639.61 617.08
-1410.5 -1173.28 -1136.22 -1135.72 -887.49 -887 -470.62 -54 410.12 874.52 875.06 1147.69
148.52 626.93 621.45 621.39 648.1 648.27 940.6 1543.05 931.95 639.77 639.61 617.08
-1410.5 -1173.28 -1136.22 -1135.72 -887.49 -887 -470.62 -54 410.12 874.52 875.06 1147.69
Span 1 Locat mm 13401 13500 14049 14051 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
617.15 620.93 92.58 90.72 -784.21 -785.85 -1064.98 -1066.38 -1495.32 -1998.08 -2469.87
1148.24 1175.28 1436.69 1437.64 1912.84 1913.79 2079.49 2249.01 2605.65 2575.99 2537.87
617.15 620.93 92.58 90.72 -784.21 -785.85 -1064.98 -1066.38 -1495.32 -1998.08 -2469.87
1148.24 1175.28 1436.69 1437.64 1912.84 1913.79 2079.49 2249.01 2605.65 2575.99 2537.87
Span 1 Locat mm 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
Reverse Moment kNm
Reverse Shear kN
-2472.8 -3668.23
2369.06 2270.16
-2472.8 -3668.23
2369.06 2270.16
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
-2439
1543
-2470
Moment 1 Moment 2
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
-2571
2576
Shear 1 Shear 2
Transfer Prestress
Col
No.
Moment
Above
Moment
Below
Reaction
kNm kNm kN
1 -1364.39 -756.19 -0
2 1364.39 756.19 0
Span 1 Locat mm 1 599 601 1100 1849 2599 2601 2999 3001 3999 4001 4500
Moment kNm
Shear kN
1337.49 1570.46 1570.56 1438.31 990.71 453.69 452.56 278.95 278.13 -63.83 -64.38 -185.3
-580.5 -879.32 -1083.08 -1301.4 -1596.34 -1423.2 -1219.92 -1128.04 -1127.58 -897.19 -896.73 -781.53
Span 1 Locat mm 4649 4651 5649 5651 7325 9000 10699 12399 12401 13399 13401 13500 14049
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-255.63 -256.55 -650.85 -651.51 -1013.48 -1000.74 -1009.42 -631.91 -631.24 -229.38 -228.44 -181.3 -46.99
-755.06 -754.7 -577.38 -577.03 -279.6 18 305.9 593.97 594.3 763.42 763.76 780.53 907.55
Span 1 Locat mm 14051 15049 15051 15399 15401 16150 16900 17399 17401 17999
Moment kNm
Shear kN
-46.43 301.17 302 454.61 455.74 991.22 1438.83 1570.56 1570.46 1337.48
908.01 1138.92 1139.38 1219.9 1423.18 1596.47 1302.15 1084.08 880.32 580.5
Moment
0
1
18000
2
mm
2000
4000
6000
8000
-2000
-4000
-6000
-8000
0
kNm
1571
-1001
1571
Shear
0
1
18000
2
mm
1000
2000
3000
4000
-1000
-2000
-3000
-4000
0
kN
-1301
1302
Flexural Design
Reinforcement
Span 1
Top Design (1) Bott Design (1) Top (1) Top (2) Top (3) Bottom (1) Bottom (2) Bottom (3)
Locat Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth
mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm
601 0 52.5 0 947.5 1964 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 4419 831.5 0 0
1100 0 52.5 0 947.5 1964 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 4419 831.5 0 0
Top Design (1) Bott Design (1) Top (1) Top (2) Top (3) Bottom (1) Bottom (2) Bottom (3)
Locat Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth Area Depth
mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm mm2 mm
1849 0 52.5 0 947.5 1964 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 4419 831.5 0 0
2599 0 52.5 0 947.5 1964 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 4419 831.5 0 0
2601 0 52.5 0 947.5 1964 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 4419 831.5 0 0
2999 0 52.5 0 947.5 1964 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 4419 831.5 0 0
3001 0 52.5 0 947.5 1964 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 4419 831.5 0 0
3999 0 52.5 0 947.5 982 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 2455 831.5 0 0
4001 0 52.5 0 947.5 982 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 2455 831.5 0 0
4500 0 52.5 0 947.5 982 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 2455 831.5 0 0
4649 0 52.5 0 947.5 982 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 2455 831.5 0 0
4651 0 52.5 0 947.5 982 68.5 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 2455 831.5 0 0
5649 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 0 0
5651 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 0 0
7325 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 0 0
9000 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 0 0
10699 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 0 0
12399 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 0 0
12401 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 0 0 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 0 0
13399 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 982 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 2455 831.5
13401 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 982 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 2455 831.5
13500 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 982 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 2455 831.5
14049 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 982 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 2455 831.5
14051 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 982 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 2455 831.5
15049 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 1964 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 4419 831.5
15051 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 1964 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 4419 831.5
15399 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 1964 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 4419 831.5
15401 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 1964 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 4419 831.5
16150 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 1964 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 4419 831.5
16900 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 1964 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 4419 831.5
17399 0 52.5 0 947.5 0 0 1964 68.5 2455 68.5 4419 931.5 0 0 4419 831.5
Tendon (1) Tendon (2)
Area Depth Area Depth
mm2 mm mm2 mm
5625.9 264.5 1381.8 250
5625.9 298.5 1381.8 250
5625.9 387.1 1381.8 250
5625.9 489 1381.8 250
5625.9 489.3 1381.8 250
5625.9 538.8 1381.8 250
5625.9 539 1381.8 250
5625.9 649.1 1381.8 250
5625.9 649.3 1381.8 250
5625.9 696.9 1381.8 250
5625.9 710.1 1381.8 250
5625.9 710.3 1381.8 250
5625.9 787.4 1381.8 250
5625.9 787.5 1381.8 250
5625.9 871.9 1381.8 250
5625.9 900 1381.8 250
5625.9 871 1381.8 250
5625.9 784.1 1381.8 250
5625.9 784 1381.8 250
5625.9 705.9 1381.8 250
5625.9 705.7 1381.8 250
5625.9 696.9 1381.8 250
5625.9 644.3 1381.8 250
5625.9 644.1 1381.8 250
5625.9 533 1381.8 250
5625.9 532.7 1381.8 250
5625.9 489.3 1381.8 250
5625.9 489 1381.8 250
5625.9 387.2 1381.8 250
5625.9 298.5 1381.8 250
5625.9 264.5 1381.8 250
Ultimate
Span 1
Design Moment Initial Condition Final Design Condition Reinforcement
Locat
Min
Width M* Mmin Phi Mu ku Phi Mu ku dtens
Max Strain
Ratio Top Bottom
mm mm kNm kNm kNm mm/mm kNm mm/mm mm #.# mm2 mm2
601 1199.8 -5246.3 4991.85 6904.64 0.4308 6904.64 0.4308 766.9 0.1632 0 0
601 1199.8 893.53 0 4562.76 0.2874 4562.76 0.2874 422.1 0.4007 0 0
1100 1100 -4164.37 4539.75 6402.11 0.4585 6402.11 0.4585 745.1 0.155 0 0
1100 1100 1099.21 1695.38 4849.82 0.2794 4849.82 0.2794 440.3 0.3944 0 0
1849 950.2 -2540.38 3776.73 5275.72 0.5257 5275.72 0.5257 689.6 0.1481 0 0
1849 950.2 1407.94 2244.77 5670.44 0.2616 5670.44 0.2616 489.5 0.3764 0 0
2599 800.2 1717.09 2870.52 6632.28 0.2384 6632.28 0.2384 551.5 0.3652 0 0
2599 800.2 -914.23 2851.49 4151.42 0.6058 4151.42 0.6058 630.9 0.142 0 0
2601 800 1717.91 2872.14 6634.71 0.2383 6634.71 0.2383 551.6 0.3652 0 0
2601 800 -909.89 2849.42 4149.49 0.6059 4149.49 0.6059 630.7 0.142 0 0
2999 800 1881.96 3199.97 7103.26 0.2275 7103.26 0.2275 582.7 0.3616 0 0
2999 800 -46.94 2524.26 3928.66 0.6183 3928.66 0.6183 602.8 0.1443 0 0
3001 800 1882.79 3201.56 7105.54 0.2275 7105.54 0.2275 582.8 0.3616 0 0
3001 800 -42.61 2522.68 3927.61 0.6184 3927.61 0.6184 602.7 0.1443 0 0
3999 800 2294.16 3928.57 7638.8 0.2024 7638.8 0.2024 642.6 0.3696 0 0
4001 800 2294.98 3929.89 7640.69 0.2024 7640.69 0.2024 642.8 0.3696 0 0
4500 800 3207.53 4245.65 8087.08 0.1934 8087.08 0.1934 675.1 0.3681 0 0
4649 800 3306.02 4326.26 8210.91 0.191 8210.91 0.191 684.1 0.3677 0 0
4651 800 3307.34 4327.31 8212.54 0.191 8212.54 0.191 684.2 0.3677 0 0
5649 800 3967 4784.05 8303.26 0.1719 8303.26 0.1719 728.8 0.3862 0 0
5651 800 3968.32 4784.83 8304.52 0.1718 8304.52 0.1718 728.9 0.3862 0 0
7325 800 5074.79 5284.63 9093.35 0.159 9093.35 0.159 790.8 0.3873 0 0
9000 800 6181.93 5535.59 9358.01 0.155 9358.01 0.155 811.6 0.4002 0 0
10699 800 5054.85 5390.8 9087.1 0.1589 9087.1 0.1589 790.5 0.3894 0 0
12399 800 3927.11 4860.78 8273.62 0.1721 8273.62 0.1721 727 0.3866 0 0
12401 800 3925.78 4859.96 8272.35 0.1721 8272.35 0.1721 726.9 0.3866 0 0
13399 800 3263.73 4382.48 8172.3 0.1914 8172.3 0.1914 681.9 0.3682 0 0
13401 800 3262.41 4381.37 8170.65 0.1914 8170.65 0.1914 681.7 0.3682 0 0
13500 800 3196.73 4325.89 8087.91 0.193 8087.91 0.193 675.7 0.3685 0 0
14049 800 2277.98 3967.55 7594.29 0.203 7594.29 0.203 640 0.3703 0 0
14051 800 2277.15 3966.17 7592.38 0.203 7592.38 0.203 639.9 0.3703 0 0
15049 800 1864.71 3213.34 7050.41 0.2283 7050.41 0.2283 579.6 0.3623 0 0
15049 800 -176.59 2544.18 3935.19 0.6228 3935.19 0.6228 604.3 0.1397 0 0
15051 800 1863.88 3211.69 7048.11 0.2284 7048.11 0.2284 579.4 0.3624 0 0
15051 800 -180.95 2545.81 3936.27 0.6227 3936.27 0.6227 604.5 0.1397 0 0
15399 800 1720.07 2916.45 6637.18 0.2379 6637.18 0.2379 552.2 0.3655 0 0
15399 800 -938.8 2837.09 4133.63 0.611 4133.63 0.611 629.3 0.1375 0 0
15401 800.2 1719.24 2914.79 6634.75 0.2379 6634.75 0.2379 552 0.3655 0 0
15401 800.2 -943.16 2839.2 4135.58 0.6108 4135.58 0.6108 629.5 0.1375 0 0
16150 950 -2574.29 3778.65 5265.16 0.5285 5265.16 0.5285 688.8 0.1433 0 0
16150 950 1409.7 2271.99 5675.38 0.2614 5675.38 0.2614 489.9 0.3765 0 0
16900 1100 -4207.6 4556.09 6411.48 0.4599 6411.48 0.4599 744.8 0.1501 0 0
16900 1100 1099.75 1706.12 4853.85 0.2797 4853.85 0.2797 440.3 0.3939 0 0
17399 1199.8 -5294.29 5014.14 6914.14 0.4318 6914.14 0.4318 766.8 0.1584 0 0
17399 1199.8 893.53 0 4566.53 0.288 4566.53 0.288 421.8 0.4 0 0
Service
Span 1
Design Moment Gross Concrete Stress Cracked Sect Results
Locat Mser Msmod P/A Top Bottom
Igross
Transform
Comp
Stress Kdser
Tension
Stress
Change
Extra Tension
Reinforcement
Maximum
Spacing
Maximum
Bar Size
Cracked
Inertia
mm kNm kNm MPa MPa MPa mm4 MPa mm MPa mm2 mm mm mm4
601 -2438.88 -3037.38 3.37 -1.2 11.67 1.9e11 10.62 872.5 9.65 0 0 0 1.9e11
1100 -1970.28 -2297.07 3.35 -0.43 10.51 1.8e11 10.51 961 2.41 0 0 0 1.8e11
1849 -1472.86 -1185.86 3.58 0.64 9.52 1.66e11 9.52 1071.9 7.72 0 0 0 1.66e11
2599 -1048.19 -73.17 3.78 1.6 8.54 1.51e11 8.54 1230.2 20.88 0 0 0 1.51e11
2601 -1046.81 -70.2 3.78 1.6 8.54 1.51e11 8.54 1231 20.92 0 0 0 1.51e11
2999 -729.03 520.26 3.79 2.27 7.08 1.51e11 7.08 1471.7 29.53 0 0 0 1.51e11
3001 -727.39 523.23 3.79 2.27 7.08 1.51e11 7.08 1473.5 29.57 0 0 0 1.51e11
3999 146.66 2003.85 3.82 4.13 3.15 1.5e11 4.13 4226.5 7.55 0 0 0 1.5e11
4001 148.52 2006.82 3.82 4.14 3.15 1.5e11 4.14 4177.6 7.53 0 0 0 1.5e11
4500 626.93 2747.13 3.83 5.14 0.98 1.51e11 5.14 1237.3 3.81 0 0 0 1.51e11
4649 621.45 2814.51 3.82 5.12 1.01 1.51e11 5.12 1246.1 4.03 0 0 0 1.51e11
4651 621.39 2815.42 3.82 5.12 1.01 1.51e11 5.12 1246.2 4.04 0 0 0 1.51e11
Locat Mser Msmod P/A Top Bottom
Igross
Transform
Comp
Stress Kdser
Tension
Stress
Change
Extra Tension
Reinforcement
Maximum
Spacing
Maximum
Bar Size
Cracked
Inertia
mm kNm kNm MPa MPa MPa mm4 MPa mm MPa mm2 mm mm mm4
5649 648.1 3266.74 3.82 5.18 0.84 1.49e11 5.18 1194.2 5.15 0 0 0 1.49e11
5651 648.27 3267.64 3.82 5.18 0.84 1.49e11 5.18 1194 5.15 0 0 0 1.49e11
7325 940.6 4024.66 3.78 5.74 -0.45 1.52e11 5.74 926.6 13.7 0 0 0 1.52e11
9000 1543.05 4782.13 3.83 7.01 -3.08 1.53e11 6.96 586.5 35.47 0 0 0 1.29e11
10699 931.95 4011.54 3.85 5.79 -0.35 1.52e11 5.79 943 13.3 0 0 0 1.52e11
12399 639.77 3240.5 3.88 5.23 0.94 1.49e11 5.23 1218.8 4.84 0 0 0 1.49e11
12401 639.61 3239.59 3.88 5.22 0.94 1.49e11 5.22 1219 4.83 0 0 0 1.49e11
13399 617.08 2786.94 3.87 5.16 1.08 1.51e11 5.16 1265 3.84 0 0 0 1.51e11
13401 617.15 2786.03 3.87 5.16 1.08 1.51e11 5.16 1264.9 3.83 0 0 0 1.51e11
13500 620.93 2741.13 3.88 5.17 1.06 1.51e11 5.17 1258.5 3.69 0 0 0 1.51e11
14049 92.58 1923.12 3.87 4.07 3.45 1.5e11 4.07 6584.3 8.25 0 0 0 1.5e11
14051 90.72 1920.14 3.87 4.06 3.46 1.5e11 4.06 6712.8 8.27 0 0 0 1.5e11
15049 -784.21 433.12 3.83 2.2 7.38 1.51e11 7.38 1424 28.58 0 0 0 1.51e11
15051 -785.85 430.14 3.83 2.19 7.38 1.51e11 7.38 1422.5 28.54 0 0 0 1.51e11
15399 -1064.98 -88.38 3.82 1.6 8.66 1.51e11 8.66 1227.3 20.95 0 0 0 1.51e11
15401 -1066.38 -91.36 3.82 1.6 8.67 1.51e11 8.67 1226.6 20.9 0 0 0 1.51e11
16150 -1495.32 -1207.37 3.61 0.63 9.65 1.66e11 9.65 1069.6 7.59 0 0 0 1.66e11
16900 -1998.08 -2324.87 3.38 -0.45 10.64 1.8e11 10.64 959.3 2.55 0 0 0 1.8e11
17399 -2469.87 -3068.38 3.4 -1.23 11.8 1.9e11 10.73 870.9 9.9 0 0 0 1.9e11
Concrete
Compression
Face Strain
Concrete
Tension
Face Strain
mm/mm mm/mm
0.0004 0
0.0003 0
0.0003 0
0.0003 0
0.0003 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0001 0.0001
0.0001 0.0001
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 -0.0002
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0001 0.0001
0.0001 0.0001
0.0002 0
0.0002 0
0.0003 0
0.0003 0
0.0003 0
0.0003 0
0.0004 0
Transfer Prestress
Span 1
Locat Mtran Mtmod P/A Top Bottom
Comp
Stress Kdser
Tension
Stress
Change
Extra Tension
Reinforcement
mm kNm kNm MPa MPa MPa MPa mm MPa mm2
601 1570.56 850.98 3.77 6.69 -1.5 6.24 697.5 19.39 0
1100 1438.31 1046.87 3.94 6.67 -1.21 6.24 722.8 17.19 0
Locat Mtran Mtmod P/A Top Bottom
Comp
Stress Kdser
Tension
Stress
Change
Extra Tension
Reinforcement
mm kNm kNm MPa MPa MPa MPa mm MPa mm2
1849 990.71 1340.9 4.2 6.16 0.27 6.16 1045.7 1.74 0
2599 453.69 1635.32 4.47 5.41 2.45 5.41 1829.1 6.62 0
2601 452.56 1636.11 4.47 5.4 2.46 5.4 1832.8 6.63 0
2999 278.95 1792.35 4.48 5.05 3.24 5.05 2792.9 8.81 0
3001 278.13 1793.13 4.48 5.05 3.25 5.05 2800.3 8.82 0
3999 -63.83 2184.91 4.55 4.42 4.83 4.83 11549.6 63.76 0
4001 -64.38 2185.7 4.55 4.41 4.84 4.84 11456.9 63.74 0
4500 -185.3 2381.59 4.56 4.18 5.38 5.38 4463.1 60.04 0
4649 -255.63 2399.4 4.56 4.03 5.69 5.69 3430.9 57.94 0
4651 -256.55 2399.64 4.56 4.03 5.7 5.7 3421.1 57.92 0
5649 -650.85 2518.96 4.64 3.29 7.58 7.58 1766 47.68 0
5651 -651.51 2519.19 4.64 3.29 7.58 7.58 1765 47.66 0
7325 -1013.48 2719.33 4.68 2.6 9.15 9.15 1396.8 38.99 0
9000 -1000.74 2919.59 4.72 2.68 9.1 9.1 1416.6 42.13 0
10699 -1009.42 2717.97 4.76 2.68 9.21 9.21 1411.1 39.02 0
12399 -631.91 2516.24 4.71 3.39 7.56 7.56 1813.1 49.19 0
12401 -631.24 2516 4.71 3.39 7.55 7.55 1814.2 49.21 0
13399 -229.38 2397.57 4.62 4.15 5.64 5.64 3781.4 59.56 0
13401 -228.44 2397.33 4.62 4.15 5.63 5.63 3794.1 59.59 0
13500 -181.3 2385.59 4.62 4.24 5.42 5.42 4595.2 60.99 0
14049 -46.99 2169.5 4.6 4.5 4.81 4.81 15603.7 65.05 0
14051 -46.43 2168.72 4.6 4.5 4.81 4.81 15784.2 65.07 0
15049 301.17 1775.92 4.53 5.15 3.19 5.15 2632.5 8.66 0
15051 302 1775.13 4.53 5.15 3.19 5.15 2626 8.65 0
15399 454.61 1638.16 4.52 5.45 2.49 5.45 1841.2 6.73 0
15401 455.74 1637.37 4.52 5.46 2.49 5.46 1837.5 6.72 0
16150 991.22 1342.57 4.24 6.2 0.31 6.2 1051.8 1.8 0
16900 1438.83 1047.38 3.97 6.7 -1.18 6.26 728.5 16.77 0
17399 1570.56 850.98 3.8 6.72 -1.47 6.26 701.8 19.09 0
Design Comments:-
- TRANSFER - Tension stress in concrete violates code limits. Cracked Section check carried out to check reinforcement stresses and at
least minimum reinforcement added for crack control. RAPT has added the amount of reinforcement required to limit the stress in the
reinforcement. ACI 318-05 cl.18.4.1(b)
Ultimate
Reinforcement
0
1
18000
2
mm
20
40
60
80
100
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
0
mm2
0 0
0
Top Total Bottom Total Top Ultimate Bottom Ultimate Min Top Min Bot
Capacity
0
1
18000
2
mm
3000
6000
9000
12000
-3000
-6000
-9000
0
kNm
Minimum Ultimate Design Initial Final
Neutral Axis Depth
0
1
18000
2
mm
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
-0.2
-0.4
0
0
.
2
8
7
0
.
2
8
8
0
Initial Final
Service
Maximum Moment Condition
0
1
18000
2
mm
2 13.33
4 26.67
6 40
8 53.33
10 66.67
12 80
14 93.33
-2 -13.33
-4 -26.67
-6 -40
0 0
MPa MPa
-3.08
11.8
Gross Stress Top Gross Stress Bottom Cracked Compression Axial Prestress Reinforcement Tension
Reversal Moment Condition
0
1
18000
2
mm
2 13.33
4 26.67
6 40
8 53.33
10 66.67
12 80
14 93.33
-2 -13.33
-4 -26.67
-6 -40
0 0
MPa MPa
-3.08
11.8
Gross Stress Top Gross Stress Bottom Cracked Compression Axial Prestress Reinforcement Tension
Transfer Prestress
* See text output for design comments
Maximum Moment Condition
0
1
18000
2
mm
2 60
4 120
6 180
8 240
10 300
-2 -60
0 0
MPa MPa
-1.5
9.21
Gross Stress Top Gross Stress Bottom Cracked Compression Limits Reinforcement Tension
Shear Design
Beam
Span 1
Locat V* Mv* Mdec d Ast bv phi Vuc phi Vut phi Vu Phi Vumax Asv/s Spacing of Sets
4 legs
D13
4 legs
D14
4 legs
D16
mm kN kNm kNm mm mm2 mm kN kN kN kN mm2/mm mm mm mm
601 -3065.87 -5246.3 5596.19 813.1 0 1199.8 0 0 0 4679.5 0 0 0 0
1100 -2799.89 -4164.37 5237.77 800 0 1100 2836.42 1467.69 1467.69 4070.76 5.55 95.1 111 144.8
1849 -2400.65 -2540.38 4606.64 800 0 950.2 3433.59 1017.25 1017.25 3265.84 5.76 91.6 106.9 139.5
2599 -2000.88 -914.23 3858.1 800 0 800.2 6474.92 848.46 848.46 2742.08 4.8 110 128.3 167.4
2601 -1999.82 -909.89 3856.41 800 0 800 6498.9 848.31 848.31 2741.46 4.8 110 128.4 167.6
2999 -1787.67 -46.94 3585.28 800 0 800 1.03e5 880.8 880.8 2773.95 3.78 139.7 163 212.8
3001 -1786.61 -42.61 3583.96 800 0 800 1.13e5 880.96 880.96 2774.11 3.77 139.9 163.2 213.1
3999 -1254.65 2121.26 1421.02 800 0 800 772.35 962.87 772.35 2665.49 2.01 262.7 306.5 400.1
4001 -1253.58 2125.6 1422.13 800 0 800 771.02 963.03 771.02 2664.16 2.01 262.6 306.4 399.9
4500 -987.6 3207.53 1684.34 800 0 800 530.94 1004.04 530.94 2424.09 1.9 277.5 323.7 422.5
4649 -957.89 3306.02 1756.04 800 0 800 523.58 1016.31 523.58 2416.73 1.81 291.8 340.4 444.3
4651 -957.49 3307.34 1756.99 800 0 800 523.48 1016.47 523.48 2416.62 1.81 292 340.6 444.6
5649 -758.51 3967 2173.72 800 0 800 453.71 1097.39 453.71 2346.85 1.27 415.7 485 600
5651 -758.12 3968.32 2174.45 800 0 800 453.54 1097.55 453.54 2346.69 1.27 416.1 485.4 600
7325 -424.36 5074.79 2632.11 819.7 0 800 412.21 1230.89 412.21 2352.03 0.5 600 600 600
9000 -102.4 4991.53 2795.16 833.6 0 800 419.18 1370.65 419.18 2391.79 0 0 0 0
10699 317.81 5054.85 2640.68 819.3 0 800 412.01 1233.43 412.01 2350.88 0.5 600 600 600
12399 726.27 3927.11 2167.42 800 0 800 442.61 1093.38 442.61 2335.76 1.18 446.7 521.2 600
12401 726.75 3925.78 2166.68 800 0 800 442.81 1093.22 442.81 2335.96 1.18 446.3 520.7 600
13399 966.53 3263.73 1743.39 800 0 800 529.2 1009.47 529.2 2422.35 1.82 289.8 338.1 441.2
13401 967.01 3262.41 1742.43 800 0 800 529.34 1009.3 529.34 2422.49 1.82 289.5 337.8 440.9
13500 990.8 3196.73 1694.4 800 0 800 535.86 1000.88 535.86 2429.01 1.9 278.5 325 424.1
14049 1283.99 2001.15 1403.81 800 0 800 817.53 954.3 817.53 2710.67 1.94 271.7 316.9 413.7
14051 1285.06 1996.8 1402.69 800 0 800 819.02 954.13 819.02 2712.17 1.94 271.9 317.2 414
15049 1818.05 -176.59 3636.69 800 0 800 28222.2 869.57 869.57 2762.72 3.95 133.6 155.9 203.4
15051 1819.11 -180.95 3638.02 800 0 800 27572.4 869.4 869.4 2762.55 3.96 133.4 155.7 203.2
15399 2004.96 -938.8 3875.1 800 0 800 6348.9 840.08 840.08 2733.23 4.85 108.8 126.9 165.6
15401 2006.03 -943.16 3876.78 800 0 800.2 6326.25 840.22 840.22 2733.84 4.86 108.7 126.8 165.5
16150 2406.04 -2574.29 4622.37 800 0 950 3408.8 1007.42 1007.42 3255.53 5.83 90.6 105.7 138
16900 2806.57 -4207.6 5252.74 800 0 1100 2823.02 1463.85 1463.85 4066.92 5.59 94.4 110.1 143.7
17399 3073.07 -5294.29 5610.91 813.1 0 1199.8 0 0 0 4679.99 0 0 0 0
Minimum Legs Shear Comments
# A
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2 Minimum Steel
0 No shear steel
2 Minimum Steel
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0
Reinforcement Requirement
0
1
18000
2
mm
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
0
mm
106 *
4 legs D13 4 legs D14* 4 legs D16
Capacity
0
1
18000
2
mm
900
1800
2700
3600
-900
-1800
-2700
-3600
0
kN
-2800
2807
.5 * Conc Capacity Conc Capacity Min Capacity Max Allowable Applied V*
Deflections
Live Load on All Spans
Span #
Transfer Deflection mm
Span/Defection #
Locat mm
Short Term Deflection mm
Span/Defection #
Locat mm
Incremental Deflection mm
Span/Defection #
Locat mm
Total Long Term Deflection mm
Span/Defection #
Locat mm
1
8.1
2186
9000
3.8
4665
9000
-6.1
2906
9000
-3.1
5681
14049
Transfer
0
1
18000
2
mm
10
20
-10
0
mm
8.14
2186
Short Term
0
1
18000
2
mm
10
20
-10
0
mm
3.82
4665
Incremental
0
1
18000
2
mm
10
20
-10
0
mm
-6.13
2906
Total Long Term
0
1
18000
2
mm
10
20
-10
0
mm
-3.13
5681
Detailed Reinforcement
Span 1
Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Locat
Max
Space Area Depth
Section
Width Rebar Reqd
Max
Space Area Depth
Section
Width Rebar Reqd
mm mm mm2 mm mm A mm mm2 mm mm A
601 0 0 52.5 4500 No Steel Added 0 0 947.5 1199.8 No Steel Added
1100 0 0 52.5 4500 No Steel Added 0 0 947.5 1100 No Steel Added
Top Reinforcement Bottom Reinforcement
Locat
Max
Space Area Depth
Section
Width Rebar Reqd
Max
Space Area Depth
Section
Width Rebar Reqd
mm mm mm2 mm mm A mm mm2 mm mm A
Shear Reinforcement
Spacing of Sets
Area
4 legs
D13
4 legs
D14
4 legs
D16
Shear
Comments
mm2/mm mm mm mm A
0 0 0 0
5.55 95.1 111 144.8
5.76 91.6 106.9 139.5
4.8 110 128.3 167.4
4.8 110 128.4 167.6
3.78 139.7 163 212.8
3.77 139.9 163.2 213.1
2.01 262.7 306.5 400.1
2.01 262.6 306.4 399.9
1.9 277.5 323.7 422.5
1.81 291.8 340.4 444.3
1.81 292 340.6 444.6
1.27 415.7 485 600
1.27 416.1 485.4 600
0.5 600 600 600 Minimum Steel
0 0 0 0 No shear steel
0.5 600 600 600 Minimum Steel
1.18 446.7 521.2 600
1.18 446.3 520.7 600
1.82 289.8 338.1 441.2
1.82 289.5 337.8 440.9
1.9 278.5 325 424.1
1.94 271.7 316.9 413.7
1.94 271.9 317.2 414
3.95 133.6 155.9 203.4
3.96 133.4 155.7 203.2
4.85 108.8 126.9 165.6
4.86 108.7 126.8 165.5
5.83 90.6 105.7 138
5.59 94.4 110.1 143.7
0 0 0 0


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PCRTLAND
CEMENT
ASSACHIION
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Case
StudY
of
!
.l
U
Effects
of
Post-Tensioning
the
Beaffiln
a
4s-StorY
Building
by
Mark
Fintel
and
S' K'Ghosh
)
"l
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case Study of4-
* :, EFFECTS 0F PoST-TSuE0niHo
rHr BEAMS
'tr
1.ug^nqsffi'fiuiuotHs
? .ne.CJd\E
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ands K Gh'sh**
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1
1'
I NTRODUCTION
g1hile
post-tensioning of beams and slabs in multistory bui'ldings has been
'
a major factor in construction
for a number of
years, flO studies have been
reported in the literature on the effects of story-by-story
post-tensioning on
the various
parts of a structure
during construction,
and subsequently
during
its service life.
.*
.
The primary concern is that the restraint offered by heavy co'lumns and
wal'ls with high rigidity in the direct'ion of stressing may substantially
reduce the effective
prestress, because some of the prestressing force may be
uselessly expended to flex the rigid walls or columns.
'
It has a'lso been
observed in a number of cases'that creep shortening of beams due to post-
tensioning caused distress at the connections to columns and wal1s.
In some ihstances, specia'l details
(such as
pads of neoprene or
plastic, a
coating of tef'lon, etc.
)
have'been
.incorporated
to accommodate' the horizontal
movement between beams or slabs and the'ir supports,
both during stressing and
subsequently while creep takes
place. Such detai'ls substantial)y
reduce the
restraining forces and a'l'low the beams to shorten without a bui'ldup of stress.
This study consjders a 4$-story building, the plan and sect'ion of wh'ich
are shown in iig. 1. The 47-ft. slab beams
(36 in. wide by 30 in. deep) are
post-tensjoned with a'force of about 600 kjps
per beam. The exterior columns
vary from 48 x 72 in, in the second story to 48 x 24 in. at the top of the
building. The 46-ft. tall columns in the first story are very massjve
(17
times as rigid as the second story columns) for archltectural reasons.
rDlructura]Engineer,Advance(.EngjneeringServices
Departrnent, Portland Cenrent Association,
Skokie, Ill inois.
r!
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44
42
40
3B
36
34
t?
30
28
26
24
22
20
'18
l6
t4
t2
lo
I
6
Seclion A-A 4
2
Slory I
Fig. 1: Typical f'loor plan
and section of build'ing'investigated.
\,
t.,
Mathematical models of
by-story
structure as
-2-
constructi on progresses
story-
R.C,
cort
wo lls
SERVICE CORE:
E levolors
Sloirs
A/C ducls
Tclcphonc closcls, clc,
Typicol lloor plon
rook 6th il
F ig. 2t
rr..
The major
objectjve
of the study was to ascerta'in whether separatjon
and
sljding details
are required for each of the 20 beams of the 45 floors,
and
a'lso the type of special detai ls that may be needed in ihe 46-tt tal I f irst
story co'lumns. It was suspected that these extremely massive columns might
provide
a very high restraint during post-tensioning,
thereby diverting an
excessive portion
of tire post-tensioning
force to bend the co'lumns.
Subse-
quently,
the massive
tolumns might prevent
the creep shortening of the second
floor beams, thus further reducing the efficiency of their post-tensioning.
It was a'lso'suspected
that during the post-tensioning
of the beams in a
typical
floor, the reasonably
rigid column stack above the first f'toor might
be subjected
to high bending, thereby reducing the effectiveness of thg post-
tension. Another general
concern is the potential
cracking of the stiff
e'lements
against
which post-tensioning
is carried out.
ANALYSIS
The analytica'l
study fol lowed the story-*by-story
construction procerlure.
Mathematical
models
of the progressive)y
growing
structure were analyze4 in
stages correspohding
to the separate stressing of each floor. At each stage,
the response
of the structure up to a particular
level to the post-tensioning
force
appl ied at that
'level
was
'investigated.
The results were then added to
those resulting
from the stressing
of a1'l the f ]oors below.
Two cases were
restrai ned
at the
base,
and (2)
the
For convenience,
the mathematica'l models
considered only one exte.ior
q-,
column'line
and the beams connected to it, as shown in Fig. ?.. The beams
framing into the core wa1ls were consjdered fully restra'ined at
-the
wall
ends,
w1!lrg!_lhr
J_qlgfflfly_lql.rrqfjfqltg_l*
-t_B-t15l1!jp-t
qr-!:p_t-a_t*ip.n.
The analyses
were carried
out using the PCA computer program.
"Analysis of
plane
Multi-
story Frame-Shear
['Jal ] Structures
Under Lateral and Gravity Loads,,.1 The
program
considers
axial deformations
in'the columns but neglects those in the
beams'
The analyzed model was rotated
900 to fit the computer program.
Thus,
the beams of the actual structure were treated as columns in the computer
mode'ls,
and the columns were treated as beams. AI'r s[ear*_igr9ymafi_ons
were
neg 1 ected
considered: (1)
tfre first
story co'lumn
f irst story co1umn hinged ai the base.
,'rr*tr
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t,
Early analyses slrowed that the effects of post-tensioning*a p,ql:_tjg_u_-'la_r
tI
oor extendeglo* glly*f
lSf_!tyil_lG'rl__l*ii"qi_lg6:-
i;. examp't e, the
significant effects of post-tensioning the 10th floor extended to the 4th
story and no further down (FiS.3).
It was also found thqt since the effect
of the high rigidities of the first and second story colrrmns did not rea11y
extend beyond the 3rd story, the influence of post-tension'ing
the 11th floor
on stories'5-10 was identical to the influence of post-tensioning
the I0th
f'loor on stories 4-9. As a result, the interna'l forces in the co1umns and
beams of a particular
story became stabilized once six floors above it
qeceived post-tensioning
forces. This, of course, wou'ld be the case only as
Iong as the co'lumn section did not change a)ong the height of the building.
Any change in re'lative column stiffnesses wou'td cause local irregu'larities.
In the structure considerei, the column section was assumed to be the same
between the 3rd and the 15th stories. Results are presented
for the
'lower
g
stories of the.building, it being understood that the same patterns wou'ld hold
for the upper stories, except for local irrLgularities
due to changes in the
column section; The effects of post-tensioning
the successive f Ioors vJere
actually analyzed up to the stage where the 10th floor was post-tensioned.
The effects of post-tensionfng
floors 11-15 were extrapo'lated from the resu'lts
of ana)ysis corresponding to stressing of the 10th floor.
. To confirm the indjcation that the pattern
of internal forces observed for
the'lower stories would hold also for the upper portions
of the hui'rding. the
top nine storjes were analyzei for th'e effects of post-tensioning
the 37th to
the 45th floors, and the roof. This part
of the building djfferect from the
.'"" f irst. nine stories in two respects. First, the co'lumn rig.idities (assumed
\-,
-
-
--r
'
vrrv vvrurrr'l
uniform over the nine stories) were much lower (l/?6th
that of the columns
extend'ing from the 3rd to the iSth storjes); and second, some of the stories
djd not have six floors above them to be post-tensioned.
This segment of the
bui lding thus deserved spec.ial attention.
'
It also appeared worth investigating whether the h'igh rigidjties
of the
first and second story columns made the internal force patterns
for the lower
nine stories peculiar
to the building considered. Thus, a further
serjes of
ana)yses was run for the fjrst nine stories, with the column base restrained,
and with the first and second story columns havlng a rigidity
equa't to that of
.
the .columns
innred.iately
above;
V
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34 056
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ro 1,37
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70 95 70.
65.36 I8 4I
s6.25 -5.r
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03 17 0.
8l l I -0.41
85.26 0.t?
88.86 88.86
ro7 l8 r8.32
lol o8
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88 88 88 88
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lans
q9
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o!
266 lt-
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a rh ll.
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8th ll
9tn ll
rorh lt
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la lrt il.
l5 th tl.
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Bending moments in
fl oors--co'l r.rnn base
roo 06
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-4
ro
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99 70
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99.89 +O l
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ro7
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xola: Cotcmnr Dsrt.d ll)
pr.3.nl omntr ol Dr.rir.3r
in bronr du. to
Po3t-l.nsioning
(rilh
lOOl toTGal ol rucctrtit' llsft'
Colunor nor.lttt l2)
pras.nt ciiulotiya rolu.a ol lh. obora Fatli.s.i
tcrt.t, 03 tuct.rtira tl6t b.oml or. totl-t'nsio{t'l''
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F ig. Accumulation of prestress in beams aS . successive
floors are
post
tensioned--colunn base restrained.
:
\-/
toh lr.
ti lt.
ch tt
?h rL
6i tt.
3s ll
a[ lt
s'. t
2{ ll
Itr h
tPbrd
Fis. 4: col umns due
restrai ned.
to
post tens i oni ng of successi Ye
-5-
Four
1.
2.
3.
4.
The four
Fi
s.
9,
beams at and above that level.
in the anaiys'is at every stage,
can a'lso be read as percentages
levels in the columns and beams
the
post-tensioning force leve'l
modified f irst and second ,iotY
co'lumn restrained at the base.
Figs. 3-5, Figs. 6'7,
Fig. I a4d
post-tensioning force of 100 kips rlas used
that the stress'levels
in the floor heams
the tensioning force.
.
Moments and force
F'igs. 3-9 must be mult'iplied by 1/100 of
find the'ir true magn'itude.
RESUITTS OF ANALYSIS
sets of rsults are
Presented:
for the lower nine stories with the first
the base;
storY column restrained
at
for the lower nine stories with the first story column hinged
at the
base;
fbr the top nine stories' and
for the lower nine stories with
columns, and with the first storY
sets of results are
Presented
in
respect i ve1y.
f:
Figure 3 is a tabulation for case 1 above of the
prestressing
forces in
the floor beams, as they build up with the
post-tensioning of successive
floors. Above and below the.,horizontal
dottbd line are calculated and extra-
polated values, respective'ly.
Figure 4 shows ihe moments in the columns and
the amount of
prestress
'in
the beams resu'lting from stressing
the 1, 2,
...9-story structures. Each sketch shows the moments uld forces in all
co]umns and beams at and below'the level of tensioning,
resulting from the
stressing of only one floor. Then, as shown in Fig. 5, superposition
was made
for each column and each beam of the effects of post-tension'ing al'l the floor
A
s0
of
of
to
\-,
F'igures 6 and 7 are the equ'ivalent of Figs. 4 and 5, respectivelJ,
for
case 2 with the first story column h'inged, rather than restrained, at the base.
Figure 8 .is simi lar to Fig. 5, and presents the cumu'lative column moments
and prestressing forces in beams due to the stressing of the top ten floors,
case 3
-6-
Ir
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Posl
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look
Bending moments
jn
15th floor has been
(2
t)
t4 th ft.
l3rh f r.
l3'
r3'
r3'
l3'
l3'
l3'
l3'
l3'
l3'
l5'
l3'
l3'
l3'
Numbers in porentheses
ore
(El)cor.,/tEt)6.on.
Beom 6pon
r
46.67'
=-
lzrh tl.
treo m
rol
rqes
ilrh r r.
too 99'9oh
rorh il.
9th f t.
8th il.
7rh f r.
6rh il.
5rh fr.
4rh f t.
3rd fl.
Znd fl.
Column
momenls
(k-ft.)\
o
''
I
3
(2
t)
83.3
(
s3)
t.
(st7)
(Plozo)
columns and prestressing
forces 1n beams
post
tensjoned--column
base restrained.
F ig.
45:75'
I
I
lsl fl.
I
after the
r64.O rO0
r50.5
164.O rOO
tso.5
t64.t loo
r50.5
r64.5 tOO
?o7'4
487.0 tOO
r381.7
-7-
^
Fig. 6; Bending rnoments in columns
; floors--colunn base hinged.
lOttt tl,
9rh tl.
8rh lr.
7th tt.
6rh ,t.
5rh il.
4rh lt.
3rd ll.
znd tl.
lsl ll.
(Proro)
due to post tensioning of successive
Pos I
tension
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{)
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-fI'
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F;lll
,,,n,, I'''
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*,
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t6o
g
too ltoo.ol
o.\ ., l_
Numbers in porcnlhcscs
ora
ulh ll'
-f.
h8*}rgll'*
e'n,
J-,
ft,#:i-es-Irqrr-
s'n r,
f,
1;:;:,.,
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/ t6o-z
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;;;,;J:L
.,.,,
t
Irssr ft
z"o
"'J-
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t.
.zg'
ams Eendjng munents in columns and
prestressing
forces
jn
be
15th floor has been post
tensioned--column base hinged.
9
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-2.9?
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gtal
-4il
300
-o.4 I
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18 3
-4
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to
r57.4
160 6 too
Fig. 7:
-8-
after the
Figure 9 is again. ana'logous to F'ig. 5, except that it app'lies to case 4
{
with its.first and second story columns modified to have the same flexural
. rigidities as the columns immediately above.
The shear forces accompanying column moments were found to be rather small
in all cases. It should be noted, however, that the presence of these shear
forces may influence the cracking in the columns
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
;
il,
)
T,
{c
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I
T
,f,
T
,
At the bottom of the building, the second floor beams are post-tensioned,
while the first floor is not tensioned. The elastic shortening of the second
floor beams induces a horizontal displacement at the top of the first story
co1umn. If the co'lumn is restrained at its base, the displacement is accom-
panied by moments in the co'lumn, and at. the same time reduces the
post-
tensioning that enters the beam being tengioned
(F'ig. 4, sketch 1). The
amount of prestress lost to the column depends on the relative flexural
rigidity of the co'lumn and the axial rigidity of the beam. In the extreme
case of an inf inite'ly rigid column, al I the force wou'ld be f lexing the rigid
-column
and none would be stres.sing the beam, while at the other extreme of a
very flexib]e column, all of the applied force would stress the beam. If the
bottom of the first story column is h'inged, the horizontal displacement of the
co'lumn top does not cause column moments, and nearly a'l'l the appl ied tension-
ing force stresses the intended beam
(Fig.6,
sketch 1).
The above distribution of internal forces changes as more and more floors
above the second floor level are post-tensioned. It can be seen from Figs. 3
and 4, that during the stressing of a given floor beam, the flexural rigidity
of the column stack causes the beam on the floor direct'ly below to be stressed
(compressed)
a1so, while the beams on the subsequent floors below are
stretched or compressed, depend'ing on their location and on the relative
rigid'ities of beams and columns. Both Figs. 5 and 7 indicate that above the
4th f)oor, the prestress
levels in the beams of a given floor get
stabjlized
c'lose to the 1001 mark with the stressing of a sufficient number of floors
above the part
jcu'lar
level. The prestress levels in the Znd to the 4th f
'loor
beams settle to values somevrhat djfferent from 1.00X owing to the substantially
h'igher relative rigidities of the lst and 2nd story columns.
I
T
/.i
.t
,1
-'
I
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1
1 -9-
I
. ir:r
1
I
,r.
I,
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1
I
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i
t
t
Numbrrr ln
Poitnlhrtal
ota
{Etl.o'.
/{E
t)t.0,"
Srom.rpon.
116'67'
Numbert ln por.nlhGrot ora
(E t).o1.
/(E
l)p.o^
B.om lpon
.46'6?'
Bending moments in columns
15th fl oor has been post
col umns--base restrai ned.
I()
Fig. 8: Bendjng moments in upper columns and
prestress.ilg
.forces
in upper
floor Sears-afier
po'st tensioning
has progressed to the roof'
'
'I'l'il"
(2
r)
' 15lh ll.-I-
lrr'
.
,o,n ,,.
J-
1,.'
'tst' rr.{-
Its'
.,2,n
r,.
J-
Irs'
-
,,rr, t,.
-f-
Irs'
-rotn
rr,
-l-
IrJ
-
srnrr.-+
I 13'
-
e,n rr.
-f-
lrs'
- z,n t,.
--l-
lrs'
-
",n
t,.
{
l,s'
- orn t,.
-{_
'
lrs'
- o,n t,.-f-
lrs'
- .,0 r,.J-
lrs'
-
zno rr.J-
Its'
.!-
s .1 11.
-J-
es i n beam
1st and
Beom
oriol
for
I
99 90r
I
t-/
r)
loro
and
prestressi ng forc
tens'ioned--mod if i ed
t?
(P
after the
Znd story
Fig. 9:
- 10-
,
!
Figure 9, applicable to case 4 where irregularitjes
1n the lower column
stiffnesses are absent, shows a st.abilization
close to 1001 of the
prestress
levels in all floor beams except those on the 2nd floor. Figure 8, as men-
tioned earl ier, dep'icts the
'internal
forces in the top nine stor.ies of the
bui'lding, fo'llowing the post-tensioning of the roof and al'l the floors below.
In this case, because of the
'low
coJumn rigidjties, most of the appl ied
post-
tensioning force goes directly into the beams. As a result. even the roof
beams havd'a
prestress level equai to 98.23fl of the applied
post-tension. The
prestress levels in the floor beams below the roof have clearly settled down
io va'lues close to 100X.
DESIGN IMPLICATIONS
Prestress Levels
In Fig. 7 (hinged base) it is seen that,the second, third and fourth f'loor
beams have prestress'leve'ls of 129..8,84.6 and 96.4y,, respectively. To bring
the stress ]evels in these beams to the desired 100X,
'the
second floor will
have to be tensioned by a force 23.0*
(1-100/129.8) x 100S sma'l]er and
f loors 3 and 4 by forces 18.2% and 3.7t higher, respective'ly. In the case of
the fixed columns base
(Fig.
5), only floors 3 and 4 will have to be more
highly tensioned--by 19.9fl and 4.0%r respectively. The second floor needs
just
1.81 less force; this small amount can be neglected.
It should be noted that the above magnitudes are strongly dependent on the
re'lative column and beam rig'idities. Figure 9 shows that
'in
the case of
J'1
un'iform columns in the lower portion of the bu'i1ding, on'ly the 2nd floor needs
\-/
to be more highly tensioned than the other f'loors--by 19.6fl.
Column t''loments
I^Jhen a beam is- being post-tensjoned, the co'lumn inrned'iate'ly beiow, upon
whjch the beam rests,
'is
subjected to a cantilever moment as shown in Figs. 4
and 6. This column receives an additional moment when the beams in the floor
immediately above are tensioned. The cumulat'ive moment so far is the highest
moment to which this column will be subjected as a result of beam tgnsioning.
\)
- 11-
II
lq
Stressing of the next several floors above rel'ieves some of this maximum
column moment. Cumu'lative moments in the columns of the'lowest nine stories,
due to post-tension'ing of al I the f
'loors
above that af fect them, have been
presented in Figs. 5 and 7 for the cases of restrained and hinged column
bases, respectively. Figure I shows the cumulative column moments in the top
stories of the building. Additional
vertical co1umn reinforcement may be
required to resist these moments, unless the interaction diagram for a column
shows that its moment capac'ity at the given'level of vertica1 forces is suf-
ficient to accommodate the design frame moments ln addition to the moments
'
induced by post-tensioning.
Creep of the
at a decreasing
panying elastic
during the first
The beams on al'l floors, including the second floor, are subiected to
about the same amount of creep.shortening. Conse.quent'ly, there is no differ-
entjal shortening between individual f'loors which wou'ld distort the columns
above the first story, except for the neglig'ib1e creep differentia'ls caused by
the t'ime
'lag
between the stressing of successive f loors. The creep shortening
of the f'loors from the second- up causes on'ly an overall shorten'ing of the p'lan
dimensjon of the buiiding; However, the length differentia'l between the
shortened second floor
(and the floors above) and the unstressed first floor
needs specia'l consjderation if the first story columns restrain the creep
shorten'ing of the second floor beams. e f,ing. at the bottom of the first
story column, as shown in Fig. 10a, would
practically eliminate the resistance
against inward movement of the top of the column. If a permanent hinge is not
desirable, continuity can be reestablished as shown in Fig. 10b, after
part of
the creep has taken p1ace, sEJ after six months.
l^lhere it is not possible or not convenient to construct a hinge, the
fol'lowing possible solutions to accormodate the creep shortening may be
i nvest i gated:
I
^
1,
lo
I
I
,
CREEP EFFECTS
stressed'beams causes their added shortening wh'ich contjnues
rate for a long time after the post-tensioning and the accom-
shortening.. During the initial six months about 70f
,
and
year about 80I, of the ultimate creep usua'lly takes
p1ace.
I
I
C
I
I
I
I
- 12-
l
I
Steel
(with
(o)
Permonenl hinge
Fig. 10: Permanent and
(b)
TemPororY hinge
temporary hinges at column base.
Weld olter
6 monlhs
ond fill
with concrele
This concrele
to be filled
in loler
C
Column bors
musl be oble
lo corry
le mporory
lood without
buckling
(b)
details to accormodate creep shortening'
(o)
plo les
lef lon)
Fig. 11: Special
- 13-
{
q
il
it,
I
I
I
1. Provide a low friction horizontal sliding detail
(as
shown in Flg.
ila) either at the top or bottom of the first story co'lumn. Although this
solution practically removes the resistance to horizontal movements, there is
the shortcoming of also eliminating column continuity at the s'liding
ioint
location.
2. Leave out the concrete over a
'ljm'ited
length of column, as shown in
Fig. 11b, while temporarlly supporting the load on the bars on1y. This wou'ld
greatly reduce the resiitance to horjzontal translation. The bars sh.ou'ld be
checked for their ability to carry the temporary load wjthout buckling. The
concrete to complete the column should be filled
in
after a substantial
part
of the creep in the beams has taken p1ace. The creep shortening of the heams
subsequent,to closure wi'll have its effect on the ground story columns, and
will part)y reduce the effective
post-tensioning,
3. An externa'l force can be applierl to,the top of the first Story co'lumn
to move it by the amount of creep shortening of the second floor heams. This
force can be. app'lied as added post-tension to the second f
'loor
beams.
As
a
result, the first story columns will bend in double curvature and wi'll follow
the shortening of the second f'loor beams (and the beams above).
The
column
stack above the second floor witl follow the.movement of the floors without
differential distortions.
The force requ,ired to move the top of the f irst story co'lumn and the
resulting first story column moments can be determjned by making the common
assumpt'ion that the creep shortening of the beam is twice its eJastic short-
ening due to post-tensioning.
Assum'ing an e'last'ic column, the elastic co'lumn
moments (due
to beam creep) wil'l then be twice the moments due to tensioning
of the second floor beams, and the required force twice the force diverted to
the column during tension'ing
The columns, however, undergo their own creep relaxation.2 Since the
creep shortening of the beams (and
the displacement of the column top) occurs
over a long period
of time, the gradual buildup of the column moments wi'll be
relaxed part'ly (about 50X wi I I
"creep out"). The residual moments wi l 1 be
only about 50S of what the elastic moments would have been if the column top
trc
?
I
I
I
I
- 14-
I
I
were subjected to the same disp]acement
apofied
lnstantane.usly.
Thus, the
force that needs to be applied
over a period of t'ime' to disp'lace
ihe column
top to follow the creep shortening
of the floor beams'
wi11 equa'l
the force
expended
during
post-tensioning
to bend the column.
Tti'is force can be appiied
during the initial stressing,
if the member
is capable of accepting
higher
'levels
of tension. otherwise,
it should
be applied
in timed increments'
cor-
responding.
to the ioss of post-tension
due to creep.
If no added force
applied
to"make the column follow the beam shortening,
then the column
resis-
tance to beam shorten'ing
would
reduce the effectiveness
of the beam
post-
iensioning by the amount of this required
force
SU}4},lARY AND OBSERVATIONS
1. This study of the effeits of
post-tensjoning
the beams in a multistory
bui.ld.ing shows that during
post-tension.ing'of
a
particular f'loor,
part of the
prestressing force is diverted
to bend the, rigid columns
in the stories
be'low. The stressing
of floors above the
particular level gradually reintro-
duces the
preViously diverted force, and after
about six stories above
have
been stressed.
the post-tensioning level reaches almost a fu'll 100x'
2. Each co'lumn receives a
permanent moment as
it is bent inward during the
stressing of the f'loor it direct'ly supports and the floor immediate]y
ahove.
This moment and the accompany.ing
shear are only sl ight]y modif ied during sub-
sequent stressing of the f loors
-above.
All co]umns
must be
proportioned w'ith
due consideration
given to these moments and shears
due to
post-tensioning'
If these moments ancl shears are not considered,
cracking of the suoport
elements maY result.
3. The differentjal
shortening
between the stressed second floor and the
unstressed first floor results in'levels of
post-tensioning other than 10CI in
a few
(1 to 3) of the'lowest
floors.
The actual
prestress ]evels in these
f.loor beams depend on the stiffness
re'lationsh'ips
between the columns and the
beams, and on the detai'ls at the foot of the first story co'lumns
(hinged
or
restrained). To rectify the different'ia1s, the
post-tensioning forces applied
I
to these floor bearns need adjustments'
I
'l
-15-
I
a.
If the first story columns are either hinged at their bise or free to
I
af lha etnoccad hoimc at d{f f
pr g
I J ttle
I
' ;'
.'
s'l'ide, creep shorten'ing of the stressed beams at diff erent levels
havr
1
effect on the columns, since all beams shorten to about the same extent,
I
resu'lting in an overall shortening of the pl an d.imensions of the bui'lding'
I
'
However, if the first story columns are restra'ined,
the differentia'l
creep
l
I
shortening between the stressed second floor beams and the unstressed
flrst
I
I
:
f loor members must be compensated for. To accomp'lish
this, specia'l detai'ls
r
m.ay be lniorporated,.or the top of the first story column may be forced
(by
i,
I
'
additional
post-tensioning
of the second floor bealns) to follotr the creep
Shortening of the second flooq'.
,
.
i. No special s1iding details appear warranted for the
post-tensioned beams
{n the typical floor of a multistory building.
This investigation is a case study of'a particulai
building.
The authors
believe that the building chosen is fair'ly
typjcal.
As such, it is expected
that the broad trends indicated by the results shou'ld apply to most regular
multistory bui'ldings with dimensions in the practicable range
.
REFERENCES
Derecho, A.T.,
itgl,t
lilO Cornputer Program f or the Ana'lysis of Pl ane Mu1ti-
story Frame-Shear lJa'l I Structures Unde/ Lateral and Gravity Loads",
Portland Cement Association, Skok'ie, Illinois, 1971.
Gh.a'li, A., Di1ger, H., and Nevi11e, A.M.,
"Time-Dependent
Forces Induced
by Settlement
of Suoports
jn
Continuous Re'inforced Concrete Beams", ACI
J.ourna'|, Proceedings, V.66 N0.11, November 1969.
,,t.
\,
1.
2.
-16-

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Post-Tensioni ng System Beari ngs & Expansi on Joi nts Mai ntenance, Repair & Strengtheni ng BRIDGES Engi

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