Professional Documents
Culture Documents
( )
1
3
21
12
19
24
26
10
9000
FAO
SOFIA
60
400%
1960
6.9%
400
245,000
1970
20
75%400
192020001980
9000
Sunken Billion
Fishing Effort
500
75%
20
9000
1970
1609
350
Overfishing
MSY
MSY
Exclusive Economic
Zone (EEZ)
3200
1950
UNCLOS
164
200
EEZs
Areas in black are high seas
waters while red areas red
are disputed regions.
Source:
MarineRegions.org, 2013
1950
EEZs
200370
1976
200
UNCLOS III
19821994164
United Nations
Convention on the
Law of the Sea
(UNCLOS)
200
164
Roaldnes
CREDIT:
M Tovik,
MarrineTraffic.com
MSY80
MSY
MSY
//
MSY
1995
UNFSA
20
1996
44
64%21
7
50%
25%
ITQs
19501970
2008
Maximum
Sustainable Yield
(MSY)
MSY
Individual
Transferable
Quotas (ITQs)
ITQs
Catch Share
90%
CBM
Ecotrust
MSC1997
WWF
1600-1700
200
10%
. Photo
Community-Based
Management
Bycatch
ICCAT
Regional Fisheries
Management Organization (RFMO)
17
17
Source:
Pew Environment.org
High Seas
200
200
800%
23
RFMOs
17
IUU
IUU23520%
IUU
IUU Fishing
21
MPA
2%
BOFFFs
19951999
Marine Protected
Area (MPA)
Trawling
|
FishBase
Overfishing,
Ray Hilborn.
Fish Population
Dynamics,
J. L. Gulland.
Four Fish,
Paul Greenberg.
Cod
Mark Kurlansky
CITIC
Hooked: Pirates,
Poaching and the
Perfect Fish,
Bruce Knecht.
An examination of
illegal fishing with
particular focus on
Chilean sea bass.
2012
2012
70
Aquaculture
1970
19502000
Mariculture
aquaculture
4000
475
475
2000
50%
25%25%
40
206070
1940
1960
CREDIT: US Department
of Agriculutre, 2011
120
2070
1980
trabasa
swai
: 25%
2000
3
1
Lenfest
20%
2009
EMS
201310
2090
CREDIT:
American Museaurm of
Natural History / CBC,
2009
10
ASC
812G.A.P.
2008
2090
IMTA
Forage fish
20%
1950
Salmon Fever
Ecological Aquaculture,
Barry Costa-Pierce
10/9/11
MODIS
24.5
Eutrophication
200
10
30%
19902000
200
4815
60%
Estuary
Phytoplankton
Salt Marsh
Diadromous fish
100
CO2
17
20
PCBs
China
80
Turkey
Japan
Iran
80
40
Spain
India
Carbonate ions
Ocean Acidification
Zooplankton
20
19081955
PCBs19
201960
1976
Methylmercury
CH3Hg
PCBs
PCBs
PCBs
POPs
PolyChlorinated
Biphenyls or PCBs
|
RAE
1972
Seasick,
Alanna Mitchel
NGO
Running Silver,
John Waldman
21
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fishbase.org
http://www.seafoodwatch.org
GPS
MarineTraffic.com
2013-
2009
1990
21