Review Material for PHY10 : DO NOT BRING DURING ACTUAL EAMINATION

PHY10 : Review
A. Vectors
Scalar Quantity ! a "#a$tit% w&i'& &a( o$l% )a*$it#+e ,#t $o +ire'tio$
E-. /0ee+ 1 20 30&
Vector Quantity ! a "#a$tit% w&i'& &a( ,ot& )a*$it#+e a$+ +ire'tio$
E-. 4elo'it%! 20 30& +#e $ort&
Analytical Methods of Finding the Resultant
A. Triangle Method 1 'o$(tr#'t a tria$*le #(i$* t&e 5 *ive$ ve'tor( a$+ #(e 'o$'e0t( of tri*o$o)etr%
(#'& a( osine !aw6 "ine !aw or Pythagorean #heore$ to (olve for t&e #$3$ow$ ve'tor.
B. Vector Resolution Method or Component Method! it i( t&e 0ro'e(( of re(olvi$* t&e ve'tor to it(
verti'al a$+ &ori7o$tal 'o)0o$e$t(
Resultant, R by P.T
i( t&e ve'tor (#) of 5 or )ore ve'tor( w&o(e effe't i( t&e (a)e a( t&e *ive$ (et of ve'tor(.
%&:
A ()all ,oat travel( 80.0 3) $ort& a$+ t&e$ travel( 90.0 3) ea(t i$ 1.0 &r. :&at i( t&e ,oat(
+i(0la'e)e$t for o$e!&o#r tri0; :&at i( t&e ,oat<( avera*e (0ee+ +#ri$* t&e o$e!&o#r tri0;
'nit Vectors
A. "calar Product or (ot Product of vectors A and ) *A.) + A) cos ,- or "u$ of Products of
res.ective co$.onents-
). Vector Product or ross Product of vectors A and ) *A & ) +A) sin ,- or /y (eter$inants
). 0ine$atics
It i( t&e (t#+% of &ow o,=e't )ove( wit&o#t re*ar+ to t&e 'a#(e of )otio$.
%1'A#234" for $otion along a straight .ath *&5
a&is-
6here:
VF + V3 7 at VF final velocity
s + V3t 7 8 at
9
VO initial velocity
VF
9
+ V3
9
7 9as s horizontal displacement/distance traveled
Note : if a = 0 ; V = constant a constant acceleration
%1'A#234" for $otion along vertical a&is *y5
a&is-
h vertical displacement/ height
VF + V3 7 gt g gravitational acceleration = 9! m/s
"
h + V3t 7 8 gt
9
#ign $onvention %from origin& : s : %'& ( ) h : %'&
*
VF
9
+ V3
9
7 9gh V : %'& ( O+ %'& *
Note : if o,-ect is free.fall or dropped VO = 0 a : %'& if speeding /p O+ %'& *0 hence g = 9!
m/s
"
%1'A#234" for Pro:ectile Motion *&5a&is- %1'A#234" for Pro:ectile Motion *y5a&is-
V3; + V3 cos , : 4O; 1 Hori7o$tal Co)0o$e$t of 4O V3Y + V3 sin , : 4OY 1 4erti'al Co)0o$e$t of 4O
V3; + VF; + Vn; Note : Constant 1orizontal
Velocities
VFY + V3Y 7 gt
s + V& t h + V3Yt 7 8 gt
9

VFY
9
+ V3Y
9
7 9gh
#ign $onvention %from origin& : s : %'& ( ) h : %'& *
V : %'& ( O+ %'& *
g = 9! m/s
"
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3ther 2$.ortant
%<uations
Note g = + 9! m/s
"
R + =V3
9
sin *9,-> ?g H + V3Y
9
?*9g- + *V3 sin ,
9
-?
*9g-
tR + R?V3; tH + V3Y ?g + *V3 sin ,-?g + tR?9
%&:
A 0ro=e'tile i( fire+ fro) a *#$ a$+ &a( i$itial &ori7o$tal a$+ verti'al 'o)0o$e$t( of velo'it% e"#al to >0
)?( a$+ 20 )?(6 re(0e'tivel%.
a. :&at i( t&e i$itial (0ee+ of t&e 0ro=e'tile;
,. 2ppro3imately &ow lo$* +oe( it ta3e t&e 0ro=e'tile to rea'& t&e &i*&e(t 0oi$t;
'. :&at i( t&e (0ee+ of t&e 0ro=e'tile at t&e &i*&e(t 0oi$t i$ it( tra=e'tor%;
+. 2ppro3imately w&at i( t&e )a-i)#) &ori7o$tal +i(ta$'e rea'&e+ ,% t&e 0ro=e'tile
. Forces @ !aws of Motion
4ewtonAs !aws of Motion
4ewtonAs First !aw of Motion
A$ o,=e't (itti$* at re(t will re)ai$ at re(t if t&e (#) of all for'e( a'ti$* o$ t&e o,=e't i( 7ero.
/i)ilarl%6 if a$ o,=e't i( )ovi$* a$+ t&e (#) of t&e for'e( a'ti$* o$ t&e o,=e't i( 7ero6 t&e$ t&e o,=e't
will 'o$ti$#e to )ove i$ t&e (a)e +ire'tio$ wit& (a)e (0ee+. =BF + 0>
First $ondition of 45/ili,ri/m
6he ,ody or system at this condition remains at rest or moves in a straight line 7ith constant velocity
%6ranslational 45/ili,ri/m&
#tatic 45/ili,ri/m refers to all o,-ects at rest
8ynamic 45/ili,ri/m refers to all o,-ects / systems moving at constant velocity
9F = + = 0 :9F;=0 ) 9F< = 0=
4ewtonAs "econd !aw of Motion *4"!M-
If a$ #$,ala$'e+ for'e a't( o$ a ,o+%6 it i( a''elerate+ ,% a$ a)o#$t 0ro0ortio$al to t&e
#$,ala$'e+ for'e a$+ i$ t&e (a)e +ire'tio$ ,#t i$ver(el% to it( )a((. =a + Fnet ? $> or =Fnet + $a>
9F =ma 7here : 9F;= ma; ) 9F3= 0 %if motion is relatively or p/rely horizontal&
9F;= 0 ) 9F< = ma< %if motion is relatively or p/rely vertical&
4ewtonAs #hird !aw of Motion
:&e$ever o$e o,=e't e-ert( a for'e o$ a (e'o$+ o,=e't6 t&e (e'o$+ o,=e't e-ert( a rea'tio$ for'e of
e"#al )a*$it#+e ,#t o00o(ite +ire'tio$ o$ t&e fir(t o,=e't. It i$+i'ate( t&at for'e( 'o)e i$ 0air( 1 a$ a'tio$
for'e a$+ rea'tio$ for'e
Friction Force *f- C force acting /etween the /ody and its surface of contact which is acting .arallel
/ut o..osite to the direction of $otion

= f D 4 or f + E4 >
#y.es:
/tati' @ri'tio$6 f( 1 e-i(t( w&e$ t&e ,o+% i( at re(t ,#t &a( t&e te$+e$'% to (li+e.
Ai$eti' @ri'tio$6 f3 1 o00o(i$* for'e w&e$ t&e ,o+% i( i$ )otio$
%&:

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(. ircular Motion
entri.etal Force *F-
T&e $et for'e t&at 'a#(e( o,=e't to )ove i$ a 'ir'#lar 0at&
rat&.
Ce$tri0etal )ea$( Btowar+( t&e 'e$terC6 (o t&i( *oe(
towar+( t&e a-i( of rotatio$.
entri.etal Acceleration *a-
T&e a''eleratio$ a((o'iate+ wit& t&e 'e$tri0etal for'e. It
al(o *oe( towar+( t&e 'e$ter of rotatio$.
Al(o 3$ow$ a( t&e Bra+ial a''eleratio$C
%1'A#234"
6here:
F + $a a +
v
9
?R
v linear or tangential velocity %m/s&
F + $v
9
?R v + F?R
> ang/lar velocity %rad/s&
F + $RF
9
F +
9G?#
6 period of rotation0 time for ? complete revol/tion %seconds&
F + H$RG
9
?#
9
# + 1?f
f fre5/ency0 n/m,er of revol/tions at a given time %per second or
hertz&
F + H$RG
9
f
9

4ewtonAs "econd !aw of Motion A..lications
1. HoriIontal ircle
Flat urve
6here:
vMA D EFG/R*H
v linear or tangential velocity %m/s& : v@2; ma3im/m
velocity
)anJed urve
A# static coefficient of the road s/rface
ta$ I D v
5
?FR*H
+ radi/s of c/rvat/re %m&
I D ta$
11
Jv
5
?FR*HK
I ,anBing angle %C&
9. Vertical ircle *4on 'nifor$-
K !owest Point K Highest
Point
a$a& + vMA;
9
?R a$in + vM24
9
?R
F is $a&i$u$ F is $ini$u$
%&: A 10 3* *ar,a*e ,a* i( w&irle+ i$to a #$ifor) 'ir'#lar )otio$. T&e +ia)eter of t&i( 'ir'le i( L0). If
t&e 'e$tri0etal for'e wa( )ea(#re+ to ,e 826100 N6 w&at i( t&e li$ear (0ee+ of t&e *ar,a*e ,a*;
A. 12.L )?( B. 15.L )?( C. 50.L9 )?( D. 1M.9MM )?(
%. 4ewtonAs !aw of Lravitation
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!Ever% 0arti'le of )atter i$ t&e #$iver(e attra't( ever% ot&er 0arti'le wit& a for'e t&at i( +ire'tl%
0ro0ortio$al to t&e 0ro+#'t of t&e )a((e( of t&e 0arti'le( a$+ i$ver(el% 0ro0ortio$al to t&e ("#are of t&e
+i(ta$'e ,etwee$ t&e).
F + L$1$9 ? *R
9
-
:&ere:
)1 N )5 1 )a((e( of t&e two 0arti'le( F3*H @ 1 for'e of attra'tio$ FNH
R 1 +i(ta$'e ,etwee$ t&e two 0arti'le(
F)H
G 1 *ravitatio$al 'o$(ta$t D 9.9M -10
!11
N )
5
?3*
5
(eter$ining the Acceleration (ue to LravityM g
Co$(i+er a$ o,=e't of )a(( m falli$* $ear a 0la$et<( (#rfa'e6 t&e for'e of attra'tio$ i( t&e *ravitatio$al 0#ll
of t&e 0la$et towar+ t&e o,=e't w&i'& i( t&e wei*&t of t&e o,=e't o$ t&at 0la$et.
F + 6
L $ MPlanet? R
9
+ $g
g + L M.lanet? R
9

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