This document summarizes an experiment to design a power supply circuit that converts a 120V 60Hz AC input to a 12V DC output. The circuit includes a step-down transformer, full-wave rectifier, filter capacitor, and both zener diode and IC voltage regulators. Test data was collected and calculations were done to analyze the performance of the circuit and ensure it meets design specifications within an acceptable error range. The results show the circuit works as intended with errors under 2%, validating the successful design.
This document summarizes an experiment to design a power supply circuit that converts a 120V 60Hz AC input to a 12V DC output. The circuit includes a step-down transformer, full-wave rectifier, filter capacitor, and both zener diode and IC voltage regulators. Test data was collected and calculations were done to analyze the performance of the circuit and ensure it meets design specifications within an acceptable error range. The results show the circuit works as intended with errors under 2%, validating the successful design.
This document summarizes an experiment to design a power supply circuit that converts a 120V 60Hz AC input to a 12V DC output. The circuit includes a step-down transformer, full-wave rectifier, filter capacitor, and both zener diode and IC voltage regulators. Test data was collected and calculations were done to analyze the performance of the circuit and ensure it meets design specifications within an acceptable error range. The results show the circuit works as intended with errors under 2%, validating the successful design.
EE 310, Section 001 Tianyu Li TA: Mei Lei Introduction In this experiment, we are going to design a power supply which includes the input transformer, rectifier, filter and voltage regulation blocks. And the power supply we use in this experiment is 120 volt 60 Hz input, and we are going to convert it to a 12 volt dc voltage output voltage and the maximum ripple voltage should not excess 15% of Vc with rated load resistance attached. The nominal DC voltage at regulator input is 24 V, and DC output voltage should be 15 0.5V. Circuit Design and Reasoning Block Diagram of power supply:
1. Power Transformer:
The ratio of this transformer is 12:1:1, V AC = 120 * 2 / 120 = 20 V RMS 2. Schematic of rectifier without filter capacitor:
The full-wave bridge rectifier is use in this experiment to make the output voltage 24V. The current goes from D1, Rtest, and D4. 3. Schematic of rectifier with filter capacitor:
Capacitor is on parallel with Rtest making a capacitor filter circuit. The calculated value of capacitor is 130 , but we only have 47, 100, 220, and 470 . So we put 47 and 100 together to make the 147 and its work. 4. Schematic of zener diode regulator:
The circuit above, the voltage is 24 volts and the breakdown voltage of zener diode is 15 V. We use 1N4738 and 1N4736 which add together are exactly 15V breakdown voltage. 5. IC Voltage regulator
Supporting Analysis 1. Power transformer. The ratio of this transformer is 12:1:1 = V rms :V AB :V BC.
V AB = V BC = 10 Vrms, V AC = 20.7 Vrms. 2. PIV PIV = 2Vs Vo = 2*10 1 = 19 v 3. Resistor and Capacitor R test = (V AC 2 )/1W = 20 2 /1 = 400 ohms We use 552 ohms in experiment. Rw = Rtest( (V without Rtest V with Rtest )/(2* V without Rtest ))= 3.14 ohms Vm = 28.2 V V L = 24.3 V Vr = 15%* V L =
3.6 V Vc =24V R L =(Vc) 2 /1w = (24) 2 /1= 576 ohms C = 120 4. Maximum diode current Vmax= 220mV Idmax=Vm/Rl(1+2pi*sqrt(Vm/2Vr)= 275mA (Vm and Vr in magnitude value)
The measured value much smaller than this value which is 0.22A. The reason is there might be some resistance on the wire but its almost correct, and they are almost same. 5. Multism simulation of diode current
The i Dmax is 27.35mA. 6. Regulator parameter Vz=3*8.2+3*0.7=26.7V Izmax = Pz/Vz=18.73mA Izmin = 30%Izmax=5.619mA Ri=(Vc-Vz)/Izmax= 144 ohms Riactual=142.5 ohms RL = Vz/(Izmax- Izmin)= 2036ohms R Lactual =1.97 kohms Data 1. Transformer: VAB= 10 Vrms VBC= 10 Vrms VAC= 20 Vrms Rw = 3.14 ohms 2. Plot of rectifier input and output
3. Plot of transformer output:
4. Zener diode regulator waveform: Full load:
Without load:
5. IC regulator waveform With load
Without load
6. IC regulator with AC ripple waveform
7. Calculations and comparison: Zener voltage regulator: =1.67% IC voltage regulator: =0.067% RL=VL/Izmax = 801 ohms R Lactual =808 ohms 8. Power dissipation and margin P Rtest = (I Rtest ) 2 * Rtest = (27.4mA) 2 * 500ohms=0.38W Pdiode= Vturn on * I= 0.7 * 0.0274= 0.019W As the datasheet of diode 1N4004 mentioned, the power dissipation is 3W. The value in experiment is 0.019W which is much lower than the margin level. 2 watts 500ohms Rtest is used, which indicates that the safety margin should below 2W. The calculated value is 0.38 watt which is lower than 2 watt. Discussion The 120 Vrms 60 Hz input is used and 12:1:1 step down transformer is placed in the circuit to reduce the voltage from 120 Vrms to 20 Vrms. The power dissipations are all in the safe values which component values are at least 2 times greater than the calculated values. Our groups percentage error is under 2%, and its really nice data we got. And the outputs we got are almost matching the design specifications we made before the lab, so anyway, our design is being success. Conclusion and Summary From this experiment, we learn that how to design the input transformer, rectifier, and filter circuits of the simple linear regulated power supply, and also learn that how the zener diode works in its breakdown voltage, and the comparison its performance with 3-terminal IC voltage regulator, and for this experiment our data is really accurate, the percentage error is only about 1.5%, we think we can doing better in the future labs.