Abstraction:

Face verification faces two basic challenges the first is to identify similar faces and the another is
extracting describable attributes from human face. There are many advance computer techniques to
simplify the face verification but these techniques are usually prone to errors and failures due to the large
variation of faces in expression, illumination, occlusion and pose, etc.
The author proposed a collaborative approach to reduce errors and uncertainties during face verification,
in first step he tries to refine the face attribute values using random-walk model and in next step these
refined attributes are used to improve the face verification performance by applying R-LDA model. This
collaborative approach progresses in iteration till the stable result achieved.
2012:
Jain et al (2012) applied the neural network methods with face recognition software to recognize frauds
and criminals. The basic steps to implement Jains method are
1) Detection- Acquire an image in digital form either by scanning an existing photograph or using
digital camera.
2) Alignment- In this step if any face detected then the system tries to get the position, pose and size
of head and for 2-D images the prescribed head turn is 35 degrees toward the camera.
3) Measurement- The system measures and creates a curve template at micro (sub-millimeter) scale.
4) Representation- The representation step converts the template into a unique code that is a set of
numbers that refers to the features on a subjects face.
5) Matching- Finally we match our detected image with the database containing training images, if
image is 3-D then there is no problem at all and we does not make any change to our image but
there are some challenge facing by the databases that still have 2-D images.

Ahmed et al (2012) also proposed a method for automatic face recognition; In his paper they tested
LDA, LBP, PCA, and Gabor with following five types of dataset.
1) Subject with plain green background; little change in head turn, tilt and slant etc. and significant
changes in expression with no head scale and no light variation.
2) Subject with red curtain background; little change in head turn, tilt and slant with significant
change in shadow with artificial lighting and head scale.
3) Subject with complex background with large head scale variation; minor change in head turn, tilt,
slant and expression and significant variation of light.
4) Subject with plain background; minor variation in head scale, light and face position but
considerable variation in head turn, tilt and slant.
5) Subject with constant background; minor variation in light and head scale and major variation in
tilt, slant, turn, face position and expression.