Reactionless Propulsion and Active Force

Alexander V. Frolov
St.Petersburg, Russia
Abstract
The goal of the report is demonstration of some technological was, which allow to
create active force. This force don!t re"uire reactive mass flow. The active force can be
applied to man aerodnamics sstems and it is result of the pressure difference from
the medium to the sstem. #suall the air or water are the medium. $ analog, the
space%time itself can be considered as some medium of interaction.
&ntroduction
'et!s note some (nown research programs. There are (nown mechanical sstems to
get propulsion) the groscope precession, groscopes of alternating radius and
nonlinear vibrations groscopes . There is also method) velocit of rotation of the mass
can be changing in different parts of the tra*ector that produce some inner gradient of
pressure between the rotor and the stator. Some mechanical sstems use special vortex
+li"uid or air,. &n some electromechanical sstems electricall charged rotor is used to
create propulsion force. There are (nown electromagnetic sstems to use 'oren- force,
magneto%hdro%dnamical effect, .all current. Some antigravitaton effects are
investigated in so called .ooper!s bi%directional coils and in the flat current sstems
+/obius loop,. There is old idea is to use diamagnetic vapor, which is accelerated in the
permanent magnet field.
.igh electric potential sstems are (nown b Tesla and T.T.$rown research wor(.
The $iffeld%$rown effect describes the active force, which is created in flat capacitor to
the positive plate side if the voltage is above 01 (V. 2r. $rown did not explain the
reason of the force, so we have chance to suppose that this force is result of the
asmmetr in orbital motion of the electrons in the dielectric atoms due to the electric
field between the plates. The asmmetr lead to centrifugal force gradient and non%-ero
linear component of this force.
There are also some research program on superconductivit 3 gravitation connection.
Special case is thermo%gravitation propulsion technologies. Fig.4.4 show plan of the
experiment, which was described b Alexander Shegolev, Russia as weight changes in
heated metal ball. &n the top of the ball the cone part was removed to create non%-ero
total heat flow of this mass.
'et!s find the reason of this active +reactionless, force. There is (nown fact that
interaction between atom or molecule and space%time demonstrated as chaotic
oscillations or movements those are considered as heat processes in matter. &n material
ob*ects of special shape +li(e the ball above, the vector sum of such sort oscillations is
not equal to zero so the ob*ect should get some impulse +moment, in the direction,
which is defined b its shape. The nature of this moment is the same li(e the nature of
chaotical impulses those are received b an atom directl from the space%time +from
the ether,.
Fig.4.5. is plan of another thermogravitation closed sstem design) the reactive flow
is transformed b some converter. 6ne of man versions for it is the cooling of the flow
b means of special vortex process. $ analog with Fig.4.4 the active force is result
of non-zero vector sum of the heat processes of each particle of the matter.
To continue we have to ma(e some supposition about the nature of the heat energy.
According to Pavel 2. 6uspens( +Russian philosopher, and 7i(ola A. 8o-rev
+Russian astrophsics, there is energ exchange between particle of matter and so called
9flow of time9 and it is wor(ing phsical mechanism for an reall existing material
particle. &n other words, it is the phsical mechanism of existence of the mass%matter in
the time flow. $ P.2.6uspens( the heat chaotical oscillations are the result of this
energ exchange. $ 7.A.8o-rev, the stars have not an inner source of energ but
the are wor(ing li(e some (ind of machine, which transform the energ of the 9flow
of time9 into the energ of heat radiation +electromagnetic waves,. So, we can ma(e the
conclusion)
The eistence of any material system is defined by its energy echange with !flow
of time!" which have certain velocity + the rate of the process,.
/odern phsics of vacuum is considering the notion about the 9virtual particles9. 6ld
idea of ether particles also can explain the chaotical impulse interaction between real
particle of matter and the vacuum +ether,. The goal of our research now can be
formulated b the next wa) Active drive should be designed if the conditions of
directed impulse energy echange between real and virtual particles are created.
The interaction ta(es place antime and alwas but its total vector sum is -ero due to
spontaneous nature of the process. :e have chance to order this process as directed
heat flow in the mass of the drive, or to influence onto vacuum by means of force
fields +electrical, for example, to order the processes of creation and annihilation of the
virtual particles. Such sort influence is the reason of electrical interactions +it is original
author!s conception,. Fig.5.4 show the repulsion and Fig.5.5. show the attraction modes
for two electricall charged bodies.
The first case, total sum intensit between bodies is less than intensit of each bod.
The second case, the intensit between bodies is more than intensit of electrical field
of each bod. &n fact, each electricall charged bod is surrounded b *oint summar
electrical field, which is not smmetrical and some gradient of electrical intensit is the
reason of the ;oulomb force. &t is important to understand that there is direct interaction
between bod and surrounding space +ether, and the force is result of the gradient of
the pressure li#e in the case of aerodynamics. There is no needs in hpothesis about
so called 9long distance interaction9 since all force interactions $electrical included%
are simple mechanical effects in the ether.
'oren- force also can be considered as result of some gradient in the ether, Fig.5.<.
since the pressure of the ether depend of the relative velocit +vector sum or
difference, . The effect seems as the aerodnamics effect of the ether.
Since the "intensity of the field" itself is the gradient of the potential, so the gradient
of the "intensity of the field" (grad E) is quality new notion, which lead to new physical
effect, i.e. to the active non compensated force.
Assuming the common nature of the considered examples we have to conclude) the
basis of all electrical and magnetic interactions is the energ exchange, which we
considered for the case of the heat processes. The 9field9 means some area of space
where the processes of interaction between the ether and the matter are not chaotical and
spontaneous processes but the are ordered in some degree. /ore order means more
value of the force. The field is e"uivalent of influence to processes of impulse
interaction between material particle and ether +virtual, particle, that ma(e this
interaction as directed +unidirectional, in some certain direction. $ this wa we are
coming to the ether level mechanics" which is the basis of all electrical and gravitation
phenomena, that is electrogravitational unification.
'et!s consider some design, where the properties of the matter are used to create the
gradient described above. &t is necessar note that there is no difference in principle
between particle of matter and space area near of the particle that was mentioned b
Farada. The both are the ether. So, when we are wor(ing to ma(e some special
structure of the matter, we are wor(ing with space structure in the volume of this
material ob*ect.
The dielectric, Fig.<. is placed between metal plates and it is non%linear dielectric,
since there is gradient of permittivity along the electrical intensit lines. 7ormall, the
polari-ation of particles of the dielectric is smmetrical one in side of positive and
negative plates. $ut in our case, the asmmetr of properties of the dielectric produces
the asmmetr of polari-ation and there is some non compensated force in such sort
capacitor. T.T.$rown patented similar idea in #SA patent <4=>51? of /a @, 4@0@.
Simplest case is two%laers dielectric, Fig.A.4. where the force is created on the border
between two different dielectrics. This force is (nown from 4@5> and it is applied for
industr as Bohnsen%Raabe( effect.
'et!s consider some experiment, Fig.A.5, produced b Alexander V. Frolov in 4@@>.
The basis of the design is dielectric plate of permittivit ? and second laer is dielectric
plate of permittivit 4. The s"uare of the plate is 411 s"uare cm. The high potential
+direct current, source is home%made design. The potential is about 41 (V. The
calculated active force should be about 1.114 7 or 401 mg that was detected b means
of rotation torsion effect.
Fig.0 is example of calculation for commercial aerospace pro*ect. The surface is
ta(en as 411 s"uare meters. The capacit of 4 cm radius sphere is 4 pF, so the calculated
capacit of the sstem should be about 4 micro Farad. The special gradiental ceramics
can be used that allow graduall increase the permittivit in the dielectric laer from 4
up to =1. The potential of 411 (V is "uite real value. So, for this potential and this
surface we!ll get the electrical charge about = ;oulomb. The difference of forces those
are acting on the particles of this gradient dielectric should be about =1 ton.
There is s"uare function of force from the potential, so it is more useful to increase
the potential than to increase the surface.
&n the conclusion let me sa about necessit for true law of impulse conservation.
The name of the report 9reactionless propulsion9 means the absence of ordinar
reactive flow of mass +roc(et fuel,. &n the sstems are considered above there is the
reaction" since the velocit of sstem is changing and the compensation effect here is
the change of the impulse of the 9virtual particles9 or 9particles of the ether9. So, the
heat energ exchange balance we considered above should be changed and the ether
becomes colder. &t can be detected as A%dimensional effects, since the time rate should
be changed in local space around the active drive.

Aleander &. Frolov
Bune 51, 4@@=. St.%Petersburg
The paper was presented as the report on International Scientific ongress "Space, Time and
!ravitation", St."#eters$urg, %&&'. #u$lished in the #roceedings of the ongress.
At first time short version of the paper was published in C'C;TR&; SPA;C;RAFT, 'eicester, 7orth
;arolina 5=>A= #SA, &ssue 5>, 4@@> p.<1%<4.