Introduction to EMTP/ATP power

system simulation tool

Oct 10, 2012 - Bp
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Main characteristics of
Electromagnetic Simulation Tools
Circuit-oriented tools based on a time-domain technique
A combination of the trapezoidal rule and the Bergerons method
Advantages: simplicity, numerical stability
Modeling power system devices and components
Transmission Lines, Cables and Transformers
Switching devices
Nonlinear elements (e.g. surge arresters)
Rotating machines, Power Electronics
Controls
Computationally intensive can be slow if system size is large
Waveforms obtained by these tools are realistic (e.g suitable for
relay protection off-line testing)
Typical EMTP-type studies in
phasor domain
Advantages: Fully represented system
Unbalanced primary system
Non transposed lines
Unequal length lines (cables)
Different transformers/phase
Series capacitor 1 phase bypass
Cross country faults
Interaction with underbuilds, - railway lines
Harmonic analysis, network resonances
Typical EMTP-type studies in time domain
Switching transients and faults
Lightning overvoltage studies, insulation co-ordination
Fault tripping and reclosing
System or component energization/de-energization
Transformer and shunt reactor/capacitor bank switching
Line energization, load rejection
Instrument transformer saturation
Non-linear element modeling and duties
Statistical and systematic overvoltage studies
Very fast transients in GIS and earthing system
Rotating machine modeling (synchronous, asynchronous)
Transient stability, motor startup
Shaft torsional oscillations
Ferroresonance
Circuit breaker duty (electric arc), current chopping
FACTS devices: STATCOM, SVC, UPFC, TCSC modeling
Protection device testing
Modeling guidelines
EMTP useful for
Steady state (system unbalances or harmonics)
Transient studies
Never use EMTP as a black-boxtool
Fully understand the physics of event you
simulate
Have a rough estimation about the results
Very detailed representation, long simulation
The more components, the higher the probability
of wrong modeling
Input data
Very often only approximated values (speciallys
for transients of Group III and IV)
Representation of losses is important
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The EMTP/ATP simulation package
Pre-processors
Specify the network connection
Specify data of each components
Specify simulation data (dT, Tmax, F-domain, T-domain, HFS)
ASCII editor has been used for decades
Now ATPDraw is the most widely used GUI
Simulation engine (solver): TPBIG.EXE
To run the simulation
Postprocessors
Display simulation results (viewPL4 files)
Export graphs to reports, spreadsheets, etc
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Software components in EMTP/ATP
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File structure of TPBIG.EXE
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Main characteristics of EMTP/ATP
Power system devices and components
Transmission Lines
Single and multi-phase
Constant parameter (CPDL-Bergeron) or with frq.
dependency (J Marti)
Cables
Single core (SC) or Pipe type (PT cables)
Flat or trefoil arrangement
Any type of insulation (paper or XLPE)
Sources
Sinusoidal
Surges
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Main characteristics of EMTP/ATP (cont)
Power system devices and components
Transformers
Single or multiphase representation
Linear model (BCTRAN)
Frequency dependent model (Hybrid transformer)
With or w/o saturation
Rotating machines
Switching devices
Time controlled or voltage controlled deterministic switches
Statistical switches with pre-defined distribution function
TACS/MODELS controlled switches
Power Electronics switches (diodes, thyristors, etc)
11/6/2012 EMTP/ATP Training Course in Doha, Qatar, May 2009
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Nonlinear elements
surge arresters
nonlinear inductors
with hysteresis or w/o hysteresis
MODELS controlled resistor
Controls
TACS
MODELS
Frequency components (Freq. domain studies)
HFS sources
Freq. dep load model
User specified models
Main characteristics of EMTP/ATP (cont)
Power system devices and components
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ATPDraw main windows, v5.5
Circuit
map
Circuit
windows
Header,
circuit file
name
Main menu
Tool bar
Component
bar (optional)
Component
selection menu
Circuit
under
construction
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ATPDraw capability
30.000 nodes
10.000 components
10.000 connections
1.000 text strings
Up to 64 data and 32 nodes per component
Up to 26 phases per node (A..Z extension)
21 phases in LCC module
Circuit world is 10.000x10.000 pixels
100 UnDo/ReDo steps
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All standard components (All.acp)
U(0)
+
I
i(0)
+
R(i)
MOV
U
MOV
T
LINE
Z-MT
LINE
Z-T
+Vf -
XFMR
Y
S
C
M
STAT
SYST
H
+
SM
P S
: n 1
P S
MODEL
flash_1
V
F
+
T
T
T
T
T
SAT
Y
50
f
51
52
53
54
56
58
G u
59
G
du
dt
60
if
61
64
MIN
MAX
63
MIN
MAX
65
ACC
LIB
ABC DEF
I
INIT
TACS
66
RMS
T
H L
G(s)
SM
K
s
62
Sampl
Track
R(t)
S
C
HFS
CIGRE
LOAD
CIGRE
LOAD
RLC
BCT
Y
+
v
-
LINE
Z-T
SM

IM

IM

SP

DC

LCC
Ks
K
1+Ts
Ks
1+Ts
+
-
+
+
K
*
x
y
x
y
|x|
x
NEG
x
x
y
y
x
x
y
y
P S
: n 1
Y Y
57
55
F(s|z)
H
M
sin
x=y
exp
log
log10
RAD
DEG
RND
cos
tan
cotan
asin
acos
atan
sinh
cosh
tanh
x
x
y
y
PCH
Probes &
3-phase
Branch NonLin
Lines
lumped
Lines
distributed Switches Sources Machines Transformers
Models
TACS Devices
Fortran
statements
UserSpec
Line/Cable
Init.cond.
FreqComp
Logic
Math.
Transfer
functions
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ATPDraw Component dialog
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ATPDraw node naming
"What you see is what you get"
Connected nodes automatically get the same
name
Direct node overlap
Positioned on connection
Warnings in case of duplicates and
disconnections
3-phase and n-phase nodes
Extensions A..Z added automatically
Objects for transposition and splitting
Connection between n- and single phase
nodes connected nodes overlap
Splitter Transposition
Connection
ABC
1
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Main features of PlotXY (PlotXWin)
Post-processor
Easy-to use
Full 32 bit (win32) code for very fast operation
Up to 8 curves per plot
Plots from up to 3 different files on the same sheet
Plots versus time as well as X-Y plots allowed
Factors and offsets and zoom support
Clever automatic axis scaling
Cursor to see values in numerical format
Allows plot export via win32 clipboard
Allows plotting data even during simulations
Simple Fourier analysis supported
Data export in ASCII format