Nursing Theorist NURSING PERSON ENVIRONMENT HEALTH

1. F. Nightingale
Environmental Theory
Modern Nursing
resp. to others health Patient; control envt to
enhance recovery
Elements external to
& w/c affect the
health of sick
Being well(using every power to
full extent)
2. E. Wiedenbach
Helping Art of Clinical
Nx.
There is a pt. who needs
her help
When impeded strives by
his own efforts to achieve
such states
May prod. obstacles The rel. among nursing, pt., &
need for help imply health-
related concerns
3. V. Henderson
14 Basic Human
Needs
Assist indvl sick or well
that he will perform
unaided
Gain independence
ASAP
Needs assistance; mind and
body are inseparable pt., &
family viewed as a unit
External influence
affecting life and
development of an
organism
(Principles & Practice of Nx.)
Pt. ability to perform 14
components of nx care unaided
4. F.G. Abdellah
21 Nx. Problems
Nursing as a Problem
Solving process
Care of society sick or
well
A helping profession
Having physical, emotional,
& sociological needs
Create/maintain a
therapeutic
environment
(pt.- centered approaches to
nx)
State that is mutually exclusive
of illness
5. J. Watson
Transpersonal Caring
Concerned w/ health
promotion, restoration,
& illness prevention
- - Unity & harmony w/in the mind
body & soul & assisted w/ the
degree of congruence b/w the
self as perceived & the self as
experience
6. P. Benner
Novice to Expert
Caring rel.
Enabling condition of
connection & concern
Believe that thee are
significant aspects that
make up a person
Referred as situations Health: what can be assessed
Well-being: human experience
of health or wholeness
7. M. Levine
Conservation Model
Influence, adaptation
Human interaction
Participate on pts. envt
Holistic being
Wholeness is integrity
We live our lives
We are active
participants in it
Socially determined by the
ability to fxn in a reasonably
mal manner
8. Martha Rogers
Unitary Human Being
Both science & an art As an open system on
continuous process that is
the envt
Irreducible pan
dimensional field
identified by pattern &
manifesting char. Diff.
from those of the
parts
Uses the passive health to
symbolize wellness & the
absence of dse or major illness
9. Dorothy Johnson
Behavioral System
Model
7 Subsystems
External force acting to
preserve the orgn of the
pts. behavior helping the
pt. while the pt. is under
stress
As a behavioral system w/
patterned, repetitive, &
purposeful ways of
behaving that linked person
to envt

Factors not part of the
indvl behavioral
system
An elusive, dynamic state
influenced by biological, psych,
& social factors
Desired value by health
professionally
10. S.C. Roy
Adaptation Model

A profession focuses on
human life process &
patterns for ind., family,
group & society as a
whole
Humas are holistic, adoptive
systems describe as a
whole w/ parts that fxn as
unity for some purpose
All the conditions
affecting development
and behavior of
persons or group
A state & process of being and
becoming integrated & whole
person
11. B. Neuman
Systems Model

Concerned w/ the whole
person
May be ind., family, group,
community or social issue
All int. and ext. factors Continuum of wellness to
illness
12. I. King
Goal Attainment
Help indvl maintain
their health so they can
their roles
- Ways human being
interact w/ their envt
A dynamic state in life cycle
Interference to life cycle
(illness)
13. H. Peplau
Psychodynamic Nx
A significant, therapeutic
interpersonal process
In terms of a man
Lives in an unstable
equilibrium
Forces outside the
organism & in the
context of culture
Forward movement of
personality & other ongoing
humanprocess
14. I.J. Oralando
Nx. Process Theory
Distinct profession that
fxns automatically
Persons have verbally &
nonverbally
When cant meet their need
they become distressed
Doesnt define
Assume that when
theres nx-pt.
interaction they have
immediate interaction
Freedom of mental/physical
discomfort & feelings of
adequacy & well-being
contributed to health
15. J. Travelbee
Human to human
Rel. model
Assist ind., family or
comm.. to cope the
exp.erience of illness
suffering
A human being
Unique irreplaceable indvl
- Subjective: physical, emotional,
spiritual
Objective: measured by
physical exam
16. M. Leininger
Culture Care
Humanistic & scientific
profession
Culturally based &
consider w/ the needs &
values of pts.
Thus believed to be caring &
capable of being concerned
about
Totality of an
event/situation
State of well being that is
defined thru cultures

17. R.M. Rizzoparse
Human Becoming
Unique to medicine
Unique service to
mankind
Universe inseparable
& irreducible

18. M. Newman
Model of Health
Help clients recognize
theirown patterns by
forming rel. w/ clients
Identified by indvl pattern
of consciousness
Beyond the conscious
of the indvl
Fusion of dse & nondse
Can be regarded as the evolving
pattern of the person & the
envt
Ongoing process of expanding
consciousness