REALIZATION OF POWER SUPPLY BY

APPLICATION OF VOLTAGE REGULATORS

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR IN TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
UNDER
WEST BENGAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY.

By:
1. ABHIMAN GAURAV
2. KARN KUMAR
3. ANKUR
4. MD. ARIF HOSSAIN
5. SANTANU ADHIKARI
Under the supervision of

Professor APARAJITA DATTA SINHA
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
NETAJI SUBHASH ENGINEERING COLLEGE
KOLKATA 700 152
Acknowledgement:
We would to like to express our gratitude to our supervisor Prof. APARAJITA
DATTA SINHA for her support and helpful suggestions throughout. We would also
like to thank Prof. Tapas sir for his valuable help .















INTRODUCTION:
A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electric load. Power
supplies are most commonly applied to electric power converters to convert one
form of electrical energy to other. The power supply here under consideration will
supply 5V and 15V and 1 ampere current. Now, this power supply can be used
to run devices like small motors, radio, remote controls to different devices,
various security alarms, etc. Apart from this it can also be used in the laboratory
to perform various experiments.
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Transformer: A transformer is a static electrical device that transfers energy by
inductive coupling between its winding circuits. A varying current in the primary
windings creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformers core and thus a
varying magnetic flux through the secondary winding. The varying magnetic flux
induces a varying electromotive force (emf) or voltage in the secondary winding.
Rectifier: A rectifier or rectifying circuit converts alternating current (AC) , which
periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one
direction. The process is known as rectification.
Filter: Electronic filters are analog circuits which perform signal processing
functions, specifically to remove the unwanted components from the signal to
enhance the wanted ones.
Regulator: A voltage regulator is a device that maintains a constant voltage level
when being fed any voltage within the specified voltage range of the device. It
may be used to regulate DC voltage.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
Transformer Primary 230V,60Hz: Hobart P-
300
Secondary 18V CT,1.0 A
Bridge rectifier MDA 200 PRV=50V, Imax=2.0 A
10 k Resistor

Capacitors 2200 F at 50V(2) Sprague TVA 1318

1000 F at 25V(4) Sprague TVA 1300
Regulators + 15V MC7815

-15V MC 7915

+5V MC 7805

-5V MC 7905


WORKING PRINCIPLE:
A Power supply is a vital part of all electronic systems. Most digital ICs, including
microprocessors and memory ICs, operate on a 5V supply, while all linear ICs
(op-amps and special purpose ICs) required 15V supplies.
The 15V and 5V supply voltages are obtained from a 18V centre-
tapped transformer. The output of these secondary is then applied to the bridge
rectifiers, which convert the sinusoidal inputs into full wave rectified output. The
filter capacitors at the outputs of the bridge rectifiers are charged to the peak
value of the rectified output voltage whenever the diodes are forward biased.
Since the diodes are not forward biased during the entire positive and negative
half cycle of the input waveform, the voltage across the filter capacitors is a
pulsating DC that is a combination of DC and a ripple voltage. From the pulsating
DC voltage, a regulated DC voltage is extracted by a regulator IC.
Since the drop-out voltage (V
in
-V
o
) is 2V, the input voltage for the 7815
must be at least +17V and that for the 7915 must be at least -17V. This means
that the rectified peak voltage must be greater than +17V and -17V, which in turn
implies that the secondary voltage must be larger than 34V peak or 24 V rms . The
voltage across the centre tapped secondary in figure is 18V rms, thus satisfying
the minimum voltage requirement of 24V rms. Also the peak voltage between
either of the secondary terminals and the centre-tap is 13.4(2) =18.95 peak,
which is less than the maximum peak voltages of +35V and -35V for the 7815 and
7915 respectively.
During the positive half cycle of the input voltage, diode D
1
conducts and
capacitor C
1
charges towards a positive peak value18.95V. At the same time,
diode D
3
is also conducting; hence capacitor C
3
charges toward a negative peak
value -18.95V. This means that voltage across non-conducting diodes D
2
and D
4
is 37.90v peak, which implies that the peak reverse voltage (PRV) rating of the
bridge rectifiers must be larger than 37.90V peak or 26.8V rms. The bridge
rectifier, MDA200 above figure, has a PRV rating of 50V which is higher than the
needed. This bridge rectifier is, in fact, used here because it is readily available
and more commonly used.
Practical implementation: -


APPLICATION OF PROJECT:-