PEKA 2

Title:To determine the empirical formula of Magnesium oxide.

Aim: To detrmine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. (K1PPI 1 (i))
Problem statement: How the empirical formula of magnesium oxide can e determine!
(K1PPI 1 (i) )
Hypothesis: The empirical formula of magnesium oxide can e determine " identif"
the #uantit" of magnesium oxide that produce from certain #uantit" of
magnesium. (K1PPI 1 (iii) )
Variables: Manipulated $ariale: Magnesium mass.
%esponding $ariale: Magnesium oxide mass.
&ixed $ariale: 'x"gen gas '( in air. (K1PPI 1 (ii) )
Apparatus: )rucile with lid* tongs* unsen urner* tripod stand and pipe+cla" triangle.
Materials: 1,cm magnesium rion and sandpaper. (K1PPI 1 (iii) )
Procedure:
1) - crucile and its lid were een weighed.
() The magnesium rion was een clean with sandpaper.
.) The rion was een coiled and placed in the crucile. The crucile with its lid
and the content were een weighed.
/) The apparatus was set up as shown in &igure ....
0) &irst* with a strong flame* the crucile without its lid was een heated.
1) 2hen the magnesium rion starts to urn* the crucile was een co$ered with
its lid.
3) 4sing a pair of tongs* carefull" the lid was raised a little* at inter$als.
5) 2hen the urning was completed* the lid was remo$ed and the crucile was
heated strongl" heated for 1 to ( minutes.
6) The crucile was allowed to cool to room temperature with its lid still on.
1,)The crucile with its lid and the content were een weighed again.
11)The process of heating* cooling and weighing were repeated until a constant
mass was otained. The constant mass otained was een recorded.
Diagram:
+ %efer page .1 module. ( K1Ppi 1 (i$) )
Data and Obseration
Description Mass !g"
)rucile 7 lid .5.0,
)rucile 7 lid 7 magnesium .6.((
)rucile 7 lid 7 magnesium oxide .6.3,
Magnesium ,.3(
'x"gen ,./5
! K#ppi # !"$ K%Pi2$ K%Pi%"
Discussion
1) 2h" is the magnesium rion cleaned with sandpaper efore use!
To remo$e the la"er of oxide on the surface of magnesium rion.
() 8ame the white fumes produced.
Magnesium oxide
.) 9tate the reasons for the following.
(a) )o$ering the crucile with its lid as soon as the magnesium starts urning.
To pre$ent magnesium oxide from escape the crucile.
() %aising the lid of the crucile at inter$als during heating.
To allow ox"gen gas to enter the crucile for complete comustion of
magnesium.
( c ) Heating* cooling and weighing are repeated untill a constant mass is
otained !
to ensure complete comustion of magnesium.
/) 2h" is it important not to let an" white fumes escape from the crucile!
To a$oid magnesium oxide eing release into the surrounding or else a non+
accurate result will e otain.
0) :ased on "our results* determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.

Element Magnesium$ Mg O&ygen$ O
Mass ( g ) ,.3( ,./5
8umer of moles ( mol ) ,.3(;(/< ,.,. ,./5;11< ,.,.
%atio of moles ,.,.;,.,.< 1 ,.,.;,.,.<1
9implest ratio of moles 1 1
Therefore* empirical formula of magnesium oxide is Mg'. (K/Ppi 1)
'onclusion: =mpirical formula of magnesium oxide is Mg'. H"pothesis is accepted.
(K/Ppi .)