UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL

Kajang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
EEEB 233 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Academic Year 2014/2015 Semester 1
Tutorial 1 - Basic Signals and Systems
In this tutorial, several problems are given that are designed to enhance your understanding of
signals and responses of systems to such signals.
1 Plotting Signals
1. Sketch the following signals over the time interval indicated against each.
(a) x(t) = 2t + 1; 4 t +4
(b) x(t) = 3t
2
; 4 t +4
(c) x(t) = 2t + t
2
+ 3; 4 t +4
(d) x(t) = 3e
t
; 4 t +4
(e) x(t) = 3e
t
; 4 t +4
(f) x(t) = sin t; 2 t +2
What are the values of x(3), x(1), x(1.5), x(0), x(2), and x(3.8) for each of the signals
given above?
2. Sketch the following signals over the time interval indicated against each.
(a) x[n] = 2n + 1; 4 n +4
(b) x[n] = 3n
2
; 4 n +4
(c) x[n] = 2n + n
2
+ 3; 4 n +4
(d) x[n] = 3e
n
; 4 n +4
(e) x[n] = 3
n
, = 1, 0.5, 1, 2; 4 n +4
(f) x[n] = sin
(
n
6
)
; 8 n +8
What are the values of x[3], x[1], x[1.5], x[0], x[2], and x[3.8] for each of the signals
given above?
1
EEEB 233/334 Signals and Systems Tutorial 1 - Basic Signals and Systems
3. Consider the following signals
x
1
(t) =

0 t < 1
t + 1 1 t < 0
2 0 t < 1
t + 3 1 t < 2
0 t 2
and
x
2
(t) =

0 t < 1
t + 1 1 t < 0
1 0 t < 1
t + 2 1 t < 2
1 2 t < 3
0 t 2
Determine and sketch
(a) x
1
(t) + x
2
(t)
(b) x
1
(t)x
2
(t)
4. Consider the signal x
1
[n] shown in Figure 1 and the signal
x
2
[n] =

0 n < 2
2 2 n < 0
2
(
1
2
)
n
n 0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
n
x
1
[n]

s s
s
1
s
1
s
2
s
3
s
1
s

Figure 1: A Discrete-Time Signal.
Sketch
(a) x
1
[n] + x
2
[n]
(b) x
1
[n]x
2
[n]
5. Consider the signal x(t) shown in Figure 2 and
(a) express it in terms of the unit-step function u(t),
(b) write its piecewise linear equation and hence, determine and sketch the signal x
(

t
2
+ 1
)
,
and
(c) determine and sketch the signal x
(

t
2
+ 1
)
by graphical means.
Syed Khaleel Ahmed June 4, 2014 Page 2 of 8
EEEB 233/334 Signals and Systems Tutorial 1 - Basic Signals and Systems
6. Consider the signal x
1
[n] shown in Figure 1 and
(a) write its piecewise linear equation and hence, determine and sketch the signal x
[

n
2
1
]
,
and
(b) determine and sketch the signal x
[

n
2
1
]
by graphical means.
2 System Responses:
1. Consider a continuous-time system with input x(t) and output y(t). The input-output
relationship for this system is
y(t) = 2x(t) + x(t 2).
If the input x(t) to the system is as shown in Figure 2, sketch the output y(t).
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
t
1
2
x(t)
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
Figure 2: A Continuous-Time Signal.
What are the values of y(5), y(4.3), y(3), y(3.4), y(1), y(0.3), y(0), and y(0.6)?
2. Consider a continuous-time system with input x(t) and output y(t) related by
y(t) = 2x(t) + 1.
If the input to the system is
x(t) = 2t + 1
(a) Sketch the input signal x(t) over 4 t +4.
(b) Sketch the output signal y(t) over 4 t +4.
3. Consider a continuous-time system with input x(t) and output y(t) related by
y(t) = 2x
2
(t).
If the input to the system is
x(t) =
{
2t + 1, 2 t 3
0, otherwise
Sketch the input signal x(t) and the output signal y(t).
Syed Khaleel Ahmed June 4, 2014 Page 3 of 8
EEEB 233/334 Signals and Systems Tutorial 1 - Basic Signals and Systems
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
n
x[n]

s
s s s s
2 2 2 2
s
1
s s

Figure 3: A Discrete-Time Signal.
4. Consider a discrete-time system with input x[n] and output y[n]. The input-output rela-
tionship for this system is
y[n] = 2x[n] + x[n 2].
If the input x[n] to the system is as shown in Figure 3, sketch the output y[n]. What are
the values of y[5], y[3], y[3.4], y[1], y[0], and y[1]?
5. Consider a discrete-time system with input x[n] and output y[n] related by
y[n] = 2x[n] + 1.
If the input to the system is
x[n] = 2n + 1
(a) Sketch the input signal x[n] over 4 n +4.
(b) Sketch the output signal y[n] over 4 n +4.
6. Consider a discrete-time system with input x[n] and output y[n] related by
y[n] = 2x
2
[n].
If the input to the system is
x[n] =
{
2n + 1, 2 n 3
0, otherwise
(a) Sketch the input signal x[n].
(b) Sketch the output signal y[n].
Syed Khaleel Ahmed June 4, 2014 Page 4 of 8
EEEB 233/334 Signals and Systems Tutorial 1 - Basic Signals and Systems
3 Signal Properties
1. Determine if the following signals
(a) x(t) = 2t, t 0 and
(b) 2 cos
(
10t +

6
)
+ 3 sin
(
18t

3
)
(c) x[n] = 3 sin (0.8n) 4 cos (0.1n)
are periodic (if periodic, determine the fundamental frequency and period), even or odd
(if neither, decompose into even and odd parts), and energy or power signal. Justify your
answers.
2. The sequence
{
2,

2, 0,

2, 2,

2, 0,

2
}
represents one period of a sinusoidal se-
quence of the form x[n] = Asin (
0
n + ). Determine the values of the parameters A,
0
,
and .
3. State if the sequence x[n] = {3, 4, 2, 0, 6, 3, 9, 5} is even or odd. If neither, determine its
even and odd parts.
4. Energy and Power: [OWN] page 57 Problems 1.3
5. Even and Odd: [OWN] page 60 Problems 1.23, 1.24
6. Periodicity: [OWN] page 57 Problems 1.6, 1.9, 1.10, 1.11, 1.25, 1.26
4 Linear Transformation of the Independent Variable
1. [OWN] page 59 Problems 1.21, 1.22
2. For the signal shown in Figure 4, sketch the following
(a) x
1
[n] = x[n + 1]
(b) x
2
[n] = x[2n]
(c) x
3
[n] = x[n]
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
n
x[n]

s
s
1
s
s
3
s s
2 2
s s

Figure 4: Discrete-Time Signal - Transformation of Independent Variable.
Syed Khaleel Ahmed June 4, 2014 Page 5 of 8
EEEB 233/334 Signals and Systems Tutorial 1 - Basic Signals and Systems
3. For the signal shown in Figure 5, sketch the following
(a) x
1
(t) = x(t + 1)
(b) x
2
(t) = 4x(2t + 1)
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
t
-1
1
2
x(t)
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@

Figure 5: Continuous-Time Signal - Transformation of Independent Variable.

5 Unit-Step and Unit-Impulse Signals:
1. If x(t) = 3e
2|t|
, evaluate the following
(a) x(t)(t)
(b) x(t)(t 3)
(c) x(t)(t + 1)
(d)

0
(x(t)(t 3) + x(t)(t + 1)) dt
2. Evaluate the following
(a)
9

n=5
[n + 3]
(b)
0

n=
[n 3]
(c)

n=3
[n k]
Syed Khaleel Ahmed June 4, 2014 Page 6 of 8
EEEB 233/334 Signals and Systems Tutorial 1 - Basic Signals and Systems
3. Evaluate the following if x[n] is as shown in Figure 6.
(a) x[n][n]
(b) x[n][n 3]
(c) x[n][n + 1]
(d)

n=0
(x[n][n 3] + x[n][n + 1])
-3 -2 -1 0 1
2 3
4
n
x[n]

s
s
2
s
1
s
s
1
s
-2
s-1
s

Figure 6: Another Discrete-Time Signal.
4. Find
dx
1
(t)
dt
of the signal shown in Figure 7.
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5
t
-1
1
2
x
1
(t)

Figure 7: Another Continuous-Time Signal.

5. Sketch and label the signal
x[n] = (n 2)
2
u[n 2].
Syed Khaleel Ahmed June 4, 2014 Page 7 of 8
EEEB 233/334 Signals and Systems Tutorial 1 - Basic Signals and Systems
6 System Properties
1. Determine whether the systems described by the following equations are memoryless,
linear, time-invariant, and causal.
(a) y[n] = nx[n]
(b) y[n] = ax[n]
(c) y[n] = 2x
3
[n]
(d) y(t) = 2tx(t)
(e) y(t) = 4x(t)
(f) y(t) = x
2
(t)
(g) y(t) =

t
0
x()h(t )d
(h) y[n 1] + ny[n 2] = 3x[n]
Assume initial conditions zero, where necessary. x refers to the input, and y to the output.
2. [OWN] page 58 Problems 1.16, 1.17, 1.20
3. [OWN] page 58 Problems 1.18, 1.19
4. [OWN] page 61 Problems 1.27, 1.28
Syed Khaleel Ahmed June 4, 2014 Page 8 of 8