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Workstation 6.0
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www.vmware.com
2 VMware, Inc.
Workstation Users Manual
Workstation Users Manual
Revision: 20070920
Item: WS6-ENG-Q207-296
VMware, Inc. 3
Contents
Preface 15
1 IntroductionandSystemRequirements 20
ProductBenefits 20
OverviewofThisManual 21
AbouttheHostandGuestComputers 22
WhatsNewinVersion 6 22
UpgradePathtoWorkstationACEEdition 22
IntegratedVirtualDebuggers 23
VMwarePlayer2.0 23
AutomationThroughExpandedVIX1.1API 24
Record/ReplayofVirtualMachineActivity(Experimental) 24
PhysicaltoVirtualConversionandEnhancedImportFunctionality(Windows
HostsOnly) 24
EasyUpgradeorDowngradeofVMwareVirtualMachines 25
RunningVirtualMachinesintheBackground 25
SupportforMultipleMonitorDisplays 25
IncreaseinNumberofEthernetAdaptersSupported 25
New64BitSoundDriver 25
SupportforHighSpeedUSB2.0Devices 26
AbilityforaVirtualMachinetoActasaVNCServer 26
IncreasedRAMSupportandAbilitytoRunonServerClassSystems 26
NewHostOperatingSystemSupport 26
NewGuestOperatingSystemSupport 28
Improved64BitGuestSupport 29
ApplianceViewforVirtualAppliances 29
MonitortheStatusofaBatteryfromtheGuestOperatingSystem 29
EnhancedAbilitytoGatherDebuggingInformation 30
SupportforParavirtualizedLinuxKernels 30
UserInterfaceforMappingaVirtualDisktoaDriveLetter 30
AutomaticUpdatetotheLatestVersionofVMwareTools 30
EnhancedAbilitytoRestrictSharedFolders 31
EnhancedFileSharingandCopyandPasteFunctionality 31
Workstation Users Manual
4 VMware, Inc.
HostSystemRequirements 32
PCHardware 32
Memory 33
Display 33
DiskDrives 33
LocalAreaNetworking(Optional) 34
HostOperatingSystem 34
VirtualMachineSpecifications 38
Processor 38
ChipSet 38
BIOS 38
Memory 39
Graphics 39
IDEDrives 39
SCSIDevices 39
FloppyDrives 39
Serial(COM)Ports 40
Parallel(LPT)Ports 40
USBports 40
Keyboard 40
MouseandDrawingTablets 40
EthernetCard 40
Sound 41
VirtualNetworking 41
SupportedGuestOperatingSystems 41
MicrosoftWindows32Bit 42
MicrosoftWindows64Bit 42
MicrosoftMSDOS 42
Linux32Bit 43
Linux64Bit 43
NovellNetWare32Bit 44
NovellOpenEnterpriseServer32Bit 44
FreeBSD32Bit 44
FreeBSD64Bit 44
SunSolaris32Bit 44
SunSolaris64Bit 44
Supportfor64BitGuestOperatingSystems 45
2 InstallingVMwareWorkstation 47
InstallationPrerequisites 47
SharingaWorkstationHostwithOtherVMwareProducts 48
VMware, Inc. 5
Contents
InstallingWorkstationonaWindowsHost 48
InstallingWorkstationSilently 51
UninstallingWorkstationonaWindowsHost 52
InstallingWorkstationonaLinuxHost 53
ConfiguringWorkstationwithvmwareconfig.pl 54
UninstallingWorkstationonaLinuxHost 56
WheretoGoNext 56
3 UpgradingVMwareWorkstation 57
PreparingfortheUpgrade 57
RemovingSnapshotsandShuttingDownSuspendedVirtualMachines 57
BackingUpVirtualMachines 58
RemovingWorkstation2or3toInstallWorkstation6 58
UpgradingonaWindowsHost 59
UpgradingtoaWindowsVistaHost 59
UpgradingonaLinuxHost 60
UsingWorkstation4or5VirtualMachinesinWorkstation 6 61
UsinganOlderVersionVirtualMachineWithoutUpgrading 61
ChangingtheVersionoftheVirtualMachine 61
4 LearningWorkstationBasics 65
StartingWorkstation 66
OverviewoftheWorkstationWindow 66
HomePageandViews 68
ToolbarButtons 71
Sidebar 75
CheckingforProductUpdates 78
IntroductiontoCreatingaVirtualMachine 79
IntroductiontoWorkstationPreferences 81
IntroductiontoVirtualMachineSettings 83
HardwareTab 83
OptionsTab 84
ClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstation 86
KeyboardShortcuts 87
5 CreatingaNewVirtualMachine 89
SettingUpaNewVirtualMachine 89
BeforeYouBegin 89
UsingtheNewVirtualMachineWizard 94
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InstallingaGuestOperatingSystem 97
Example:InstallingWindowsXPasaGuestOperatingSystem 99
UpgradingaGuestOperatingSystem 99
ConfiguringtheGuestOperatingSystem 100
ImportingVirtualMachinesfromOtherFormats(WindowsHostsOnly) 100
SummaryoftheConversionProcess 101
VMwareConverterVersustheImporterWizardinWorkstation 102
ConverterImportWizard:OverviewandSupportedSourceMachines 102
SupportedDestinations 105
HowConvertingAffectsSettings 107
OpeningandImportingaVirtualMachineorSystemImage 108
FilesThatMakeUpaVirtualMachine 110
6 InstallingandUsingVMwareTools 113
AboutVMwareTools 113
InstallingandUpgradingVMwareTools 115
UpgradingVMwareTools 116
InstallingVMwareToolsonaWindowsGuest 118
InstallingVMwareToolsonaLinuxGuest 125
InstallingVMwareToolsinaSolarisGuest 129
InstallingVMwareToolsinaFreeBSDGuest 130
InstallingVMwareToolsinaNetWareVirtualMachine 132
StartingVMwareToolsIfYouDoNotUseaSessionManager 133
UninstallingVMwareToolsorChangingWhichModulesAreInstalled 134
VMwareToolsConfigurationOptions 134
UsingtheVMwareToolsControlPaneltoConfigureTools 135
UsingtheSystemConsoletoConfigureVMwareToolsinaNetWareGuest
OperatingSystem 139
CustomizationstoVMwareTools 141
UsingCustomScriptsWhenthePowerStateChanges 141
ExecutingCommandsAfterYouPowerOfforResetaVirtualMachine 143
PassingaStringfromtheHosttotheGuest 143
PassingInformationBetweentheGuestandAnotherProgram 146
UsingtheVMwareToolsCommandLineInterface 146
OptionsfortheVMwareToolscmdCommand 147
7 RunningaVirtualMachine 149
StartingaVirtualMachine 150
VirtualMachineLocation 152
RunningVMwareTools 152
VMware, Inc. 7
Contents
ShuttingDownaVirtualMachine 154
PoweringOffVersusShuttingDownandResettingVersusRestarting 154
DeletingaVirtualMachine 156
ControllingtheDisplay 156
SimplifyingtheScreenDisplay 157
UsingFullScreenMode 158
UsingQuickSwitchMode 159
ReportingBatteryInformationintheGuestOperatingSystem 160
UsingExclusiveMode 160
UsingMultipleMonitors 162
FittingtheWorkstationConsoletotheVirtualMachineDisplay 165
WorkingwithNonstandardResolutions 167
InstallingNewSoftware 168
DisablingAccelerationIfaProgramWontRun 168
RunningVirtualMachinesfromWithinanIDE 169
DisplayingtheVirtualMachineasanAppliance 170
TransferringFilesandTextBetweentheHostandGuest 171
UsingDragandDrop 171
UsingCopyandPaste 172
UsingSharedFolders 173
UsingaMappedDrive(WindowsOnly) 180
UsingDevicesinaVirtualMachine 181
Adding,Configuring,andRemovingDevicesinaVirtualMachine 181
ConnectingandDisconnectingRemovableDevices 182
CreatingaScreenShotofaVirtualMachine 183
CreatingaMovieofaVirtualMachine 183
UsingaVNCClientforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachine 184
AboutVNCPortNumbers 185
EnsuringProperDisplayontheClient 185
8 MovingandSharingVirtualMachines 187
VirtualMachineIdentifier:UUID 187
UUIDOptionsWhenYouMoveaVirtualMachine 188
SpecifyingaUUIDforaVirtualMachine 189
MovingaVirtualMachine 190
HostswithDifferentHardware 190
MovingaVirtualMachinetoaNewHostorontheSameHost 191
MovinganOlderVirtualMachine 193
MovingLinkedClones 193
SharingVirtualMachineswithOtherUsers 193
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8 VMware, Inc.
SharingVirtualMachineswithVMwarePlayer 194
RunningVMwarePlayer 194
SettingUpVirtualMachinesforUsewithVMwarePlayer 195
9 UsingDisks 197
OverviewofDiskStorageinaVirtualMachine 197
VirtualDisks 198
PhysicalDisks 200
MaintenanceTasksforVirtualDisks 201
DefragmentingVirtualDisks 201
ShrinkingVirtualDisks 202
AddingVirtualandPhysicalDiskstoaVirtualMachine 204
AddingaNewVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 204
AddinganExistingVirtualDisktoaVirtualMachine 206
RemovingaVirtualDiskfromaVirtualMachine 206
UsingPhysicalDisksinaVirtualMachine 207
AddingDVD/CDROMandFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachine 212
AddingDVDorCDDrivestoaVirtualMachine 213
AddingFloppyDrivestoaVirtualMachine 214
ConnectingaCDROM/DVDorFloppyDrivetoanImageFile 215
UsingVMwareVirtualDiskManager 216
RunningtheVMwareVirtualDiskManagerUtility 217
ShrinkingVirtualDiskswithVirtualDiskManager(Windows Only) 219
ExamplesUsingtheVMwareVirtualDiskManager 220
UsingDualBootComputerswithVirtualMachines 222
LegacyVirtualDisks 222
10 PreservingtheStateofaVirtualMachine 225
UsingtheSuspendandResumeFeatures 225
UsingSnapshots 227
SnapshotProcesses:LinearVersusProcessTree 227
WhattoUseSnapshotsFor 229
WhatIsCapturedbyaSnapshot 230
WhentoTakeSnapshots 230
EnablingSnapshotActionsasaBackgroundActivity 231
ExcludingVirtualDisksfromSnapshots 232
WorkingwithSnapshotsintheSnapshotManager 233
TakingaSnapshot 235
RestoringaSnapshot 236
DisablingSnapshots 237
SnapshotOptionsWhenYouPowerOffaVirtualMachine 238
SnapshotsandWorkstation4VirtualMachines 239
VMware, Inc. 9
Contents
RecordingActivityofaVirtualMachine(Experimental) 239
HardwareandVirtualHardwareRequirements 240
RecordingandPlayingBackVirtualMachineActivity 242
11 CloningaVirtualMachine 247
UnderstandingClones 247
WhyMakeaClone? 248
FullandLinkedClones 248
FullClonesandSnapshotsoftheParent 249
CreatingClones 249
WorkingwithClones 251
MakingaLinkedCloneofaLinkedClone 251
MakingaFullCloneofaLinkedClone 251
NetworkIdentityforaClone 251
LinkedCloneSnapshot 252
LinkedClonesandAccesstotheParentVirtualMachine 252
12 ConfiguringTeams 255
BenefitsofUsingTeams 255
CreatingaTeam 257
OpeningandClosingaTeam 258
ChangingtheNameofaTeam 259
DeletingaTeam 259
ViewingTeamsandTheirVirtualMachines 260
AddingandRemovingTeamVirtualMachines 262
SettingtheStartupSequenceforaTeam 263
StartingandStoppingTeams 264
PoweringaTeamOnandOff 264
SuspendingandResumingaTeam 265
PowerOperationsforIndividualMembersofaTeam 266
WorkingwithTeamNetworks 266
LANSegmentRequirements 266
CreatingaTeamLANSegment 267
AddingandRemovingEthernetAdapters 268
ConfiguringConnectionsforaLANSegment 269
ConfiguringLANSegments 269
DeletingaLANSegment 270
CloningandTakingSnapshotsofTeamMembers 271
Workstation Users Manual
10 VMware, Inc.
13 ConfiguringaVirtualNetwork 273
NetworkBasics 274
ComponentsoftheVirtualNetwork 275
VirtualSwitch 275
DHCPServer 275
NetworkAdapter 276
CommonNetworkingConfigurations 276
BridgedNetworking 276
NetworkAddressTranslation(NAT) 278
HostOnlyNetworking 279
ExampleofaCustomNetworkingConfiguration 280
ChangingaNetworkingConfiguration 284
AddingandModifyingVirtualNetworkAdapters 284
ConfiguringBridgedNetworkingOptionsonaWindowsHost 285
Enabling,Disabling,Adding,andRemovingHostVirtualAdapters 289
AdvancedNetworkingTopics 291
SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfiguration 291
AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetwork 293
MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachine 296
ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinux 297
PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinux 298
SettingUpaSecondBridgedNetworkInterfaceonaLinuxHost 299
SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworks 300
RoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworks 304
UsingVirtualEthernetAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHost 305
UsingNAT 306
HowtheNATDeviceUsestheVMnet8VirtualSwitch 306
TheHostComputerandtheNATNetwork 307
DHCPontheNATNetwork 307
DNSontheNATNetwork 307
ExternalAccessfromtheNATNetwork 308
AdvancedNATConfiguration 309
ConsiderationsforUsingNAT 314
UsingNATwithNetLogon 314
SampleLinuxvmnetnat.confFile 317
UsingSambawithWorkstation 318
UsingaSambaServerforBridgedandHostOnlyNetworks 319
UsingSambaWithoutNetworkAccess 319
VMware, Inc. 11
Contents
14 ConfiguringVideoandSound 321
SettingScreenColorDepth 321
ChangingScreenColorDepthontheHost 322
ChangingScreenColorDepthintheVirtualMachine 322
ExperimentalSupportforDirect3D 322
AudienceforDirect3DExperimentalSupport 323
Accelerated3DLimitations 323
EnablingAccelerated3D 323
KnownIssues 326
HelpingVMwarewithExperimentalSupport 326
ConfiguringSound 327
InstallingSoundDriversinWindows9xandNTGuests 327
15 ConnectingDevices 329
UsingParallelPorts 329
InstallationinGuestOperatingSystems 329
ConfiguringaParallelPortonaLinuxHost 330
SpecialNotesfortheIomegaZipDrive 334
UsingSerialPorts 335
UsingaSerialPortoraFileontheHostComputer 335
ConnectinganApplicationontheHosttoaVirtualMachine 336
ConnectingTwoVirtualMachines 337
ConfigurationOptionsforAdvancedUsers 340
Examples:DebuggingoveraVirtualSerialPort 341
ConfiguringKeyboardFeatures 343
EnhancedVirtualKeyboardforWindowsHosts 343
HotKeys 344
SpecifyingaLanguageKeymapforVNCClients 345
KeyboardMappingonaLinuxHost 346
UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachine 353
EnablingandDisablingtheUSB2.0Controller 354
ConnectingUSBDevices 355
UsingUSBwithaWindowsHost 356
ReplacingUSB2.0DriversonaWindows2000Host 356
UsingUSBwithaLinuxHost 357
HowDeviceControlIsSharedBetweenHostandGuest 357
DisconnectingUSBDevicesfromaVirtualMachine 358
HumanInterfaceDevices 359
ConnectingtoaGenericSCSIDevice 359
GenericSCSIonaWindowsHostOperatingSystem 359
GenericSCSIonaLinuxHostOperatingSystem 365
Workstation Users Manual
12 VMware, Inc.
UsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing(Experimental) 367
MovingSMPVirtualMachinesBetweenWorkstationandESXServer 368
16 PerformanceTuning 369
ConfiguringandMaintainingtheHostComputer 369
CPU 369
Memory 369
Disks 371
Networking 372
ConfiguringVMwareWorkstationandVirtualMachines 372
CPU 373
Memory 374
Disks 377
Networking 379
AdditionalSuggestionsforImprovingPerformance 379
ConfiguringGuestOperatingSystems 381
CPU 381
Disks 382
Networking 385
VisualEffects(WindowsOnly) 385
EnhancedPerformancewithParavirtualizedKernelsinLinuxGuests 386
UsingtheMicrosoftPerformanceConsoletoMonitorVirtualMachine
Performance 388
17 SpecialPurposeConfigurationOptionsforWindowsHosts 391
LockingOutInterfaceFeatures(WindowsHostsOnly) 391
RemovingaForgottenPassword 392
RestrictingtheUserInterface 392
AutomaticallyReturningtoaSnapshotwithaRestrictedUserInterface 393
UsingFullScreenSwitchMode(WindowsHostsOnly) 395
CreatingaVirtualMachineforUseinFullScreenSwitchMode 395
MovingaVirtualMachinetotheUsersComputer 396
ConfiguringFullScreenSwitchMode 396
StartingandStoppingVirtualMachinesontheUsersComputer 402
GuestACPIS1Sleep 405
A WorkstationCommandLineReference 407
StartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtualMachines 407
UsingStartupOptionsinaWindowsShortcut 409
CommandLineApplicationforOperatingVirtualMachines 409
Examplesforvmrun 412
VMware, Inc. 13
Contents
B UsingtheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebugger 415
OverviewoftheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebugger 415
SettingUptheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerEnvironment 417
HostSystemRequirements 417
EclipseRequirements 419
VirtualMachineRequirements 419
ManagingVirtualMachineLaunchConfigurations 421
UsingApplicationConfigurationstoStartApplicationsinaVirtual
Machine 422
UsingApplicationConfigurationstoAttachtoApplicationsRunningina
VirtualMachine 424
DeletingConfigurations 425
RunningandDebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachines 425
StartinganApplicationDebuggingSessioninaVirtualMachine 425
StartinganApplicationinaVirtualMachineWithoutDebugging 426
AttachingtheDebuggertoanApplicationRunninginaVirtualMachine 426
C UsingtheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebugger 427
OverviewoftheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebugger 427
ConfigurationOptionsWhenStartinganApplicationinaVirtualMachine 428
ConfigurationOptionsWhenAttachingtoaProcessRunninginaVirtual
Machine 429
SettingUptheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerEnvironment 430
MicrosoftVisualStudioRequirementsandRecommendations 431
HostSystemRequirements 432
VirtualMachineRequirementsandRecommendations 432
TroubleshootingTips 436
ManagingVirtualMachineConfigurations 437
CreatingConfigurations 437
RenamingConfigurations 438
RemovingConfigurations 438
SettingConfigurationProperties 439
RunningandDebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachines 442
StartingaDebuggingSessioninaVirtualMachine 442
StartingaSessionWithoutDebugginginaVirtualMachine 442
AttachingtheDebuggertoaProcessRunninginaVirtualMachine 443
Glossary 445
Index 453
Workstation Users Manual
14 VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc. 15
ThisprefaceprovidesinformationabouttheWorkstationUsersManualandlinksto
VMware
technicalsupportandeducationalresources.
Thisprefacecontainsthefollowingtopics:
AboutThisBookonpage 15
TechnicalSupportandEducationResourcesonpage 16
About This Book
Thismanual,theWorkstationUsersManual,providesinformationaboutinstallingand
usingVMwareWorkstation6.
Toviewthemostcurrentversionofthemanual,seetheVMwareWebsite:
http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/ws_pubs.html
Intended Audience
Thisbookisintendedforanyonewhoneedstoinstall,upgrade,oruseVMware
Workstation.Workstationuserstypicallyincludepeoplewhodosoftwaredevelopment
andtestingorworkwithmultipleoperatingsystemsorcomputingenvironments:
softwaredevelopers,QAengineers,trainers,salespeoplewhorundemos,andanyone
whowantstocreatevirtualmachines.
Preface
Workstation Users Manual
16 VMware, Inc.
Document Feedback
Ifyouhavecommentsaboutthisdocumentation,submityourfeedbackto:
docfeedback@vmware.com
Conventions
Thefollowingtypographicconventionsareusedinthismanual.
Technical Support and Education Resources
Thefollowingsectionsdescribethetechnicalsupportresourcesavailabletoyou.
Self-Service Support
UsetheVMwareTechnologyNetwork(VMTN)forselfhelptoolsandtechnical
information:
Productinformationhttp://www.vmware.com/products/
Technologyinformationhttp://www.vmware.com/communities/content/
Documentationhttp://www.vmware.com/support/pubs
VMTNKnowledgeBasehttp://kb.vmware.com
Discussionforumshttp://www.vmware.com/community
Usergroupshttp://www.vmware.com/communities/content/vmug/
FormoreinformationabouttheVMwareTechnologyNetwork,goto
http://www.vmware.com/community/index.jspa.
Table P-1. Conventions Used in This Manual
Style Elements
Blueboldface(onlineonly) Crossreferencesandlinks
Blackboldface Userinterfaceelementssuchasbuttonnamesandmenuitems
Monospace Commands,filenames,directories,andpaths
Monospace bold Userinput
Italic Documenttitles,glossaryterms,andoccasionalemphasis
<Name> Variableandparameternames
VMware, Inc. 17
Preface
Online and Telephone Support
Useonlinesupporttosubmittechnicalsupportrequests,viewyourproductand
contractinformation,andregisteryourproducts.Goto
http://www.vmware.com/support.
Customerswithappropriatesupportcontractsshouldusetelephonesupportforthe
fastestresponseonpriority1issues.Goto
http://www.vmware.com/support/phone_support.html.
Support Offerings
FindouthowVMwaresupportofferingscanhelpmeetyourbusinessneeds.Goto
http://www.vmware.com/support/services.
Reporting Problems
IfyouhaveproblemswhilerunningVMwareWorkstation,pleasereportthemtothe
VMwaresupportteam.First,besuretoregisteryourserialnumber.Fromthe
Workstationmenubar,chooseHelp>VMwareontheWeb>RegisterNow!Youcan
thenreportyourproblemsbysubmittingasupportrequestat
www.vmware.com/requestsupport.
TheVMwaresupportteammightaskyoutorunasupportscriptinordertogatherthe
informationneededtodiagnosetheproblem.Forexample,ifavirtualmachineexits
abnormallyorcrashes,runthesupportscripttocollecttheappropriatelogfilesand
systeminformation.
AsofWorkstationversion6.0.1,youcanrunthesupportscriptbyclickingabuttonin
theHelp>AboutVMwareWorkstationbox.Youcanalso,asinpreviousreleases,run
thescriptfromthecommandline.
To run the support script from the Workstation user interface
1 StartVMwareWorkstation.
Forinstructions,seeStartingWorkstationonpage 66.
2 ChooseHelp>About.
3 IntheAboutVMwareWorkstationdialogboxthatappears,clickCollectSupport
Data.
Workstation Users Manual
18 VMware, Inc.
4 Intheconfirmationboxthatappears,confirmthatyouwanttocollectsupportdata.
OnWindowshosts,afterthescriptfinishesrunning,itcreatesa.zipfileand
displaysthepathtothefile.
OnLinuxhosts,thescriptcreatesacompressed.tgzfileintheusershome
directory.Becausethescriptisnotrunasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessages
indicatingthatitcannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMware
supportteamneedsthatinformation,asupportrepresentativewillaskyoutorun
thescriptfromthecommandlineasroot.Forinstructions,seeTorunthesupport
scriptonaLinuxhostonpage 19.
5 SubmitasupportrequesttotheVMwaresupportteamandincludethedatafile.
TheURLiswww.vmware.com/requestsupport.
To run the support script on a Windows host
1 Openacommandprompt.
2 ChangetotheVMwareWorkstationprogramdirectory:
C:
cd \Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation
Ifyoudidnotinstalltheprograminthedefaultdirectory,usetheappropriatedrive
letterandpathinthecdcommandabove.
3 Runthesupportscript:
cscript vm-support.vbs
Afterthescriptruns,itdisplaysthenameofthedirectorywhereithasstoredits
output.
4 UseafilecompressionutilitysuchasWinZiporPKZIPtozipthescriptoutput
directory,andincludethezipfilewithyoursupportrequest.
IfyouarereportingaproblemyouencounteredwhileinstallingVMware
Workstation,youshouldalsoincludeyourinstallationlogfile.
OnaWindowshost,thefileisVMInst.log.ItissavedinyourTempfolder.Ona
Windows2000,WindowsXP,orWindowsServer2003host,thedefaultlocationis
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp.
Youcanusethecommandcd %temp%tolocatetheLocal Settingsfolder,which
ishiddenbydefault.Toseeitscontents,openMyComputer,gotoTools>Folder
Options,clicktheViewtabandselectShowHiddenFilesandFolders.
VMware, Inc. 19
Preface
To run the support script on a Linux host
1 Openaterminalwindow.
2 Runthesupportscriptastheuserwhoisrunningthevirtualmachine:
vm-support
Ifyouarenotrunningthescriptasroot,thescriptdisplaysmessagesindicating
thatitcannotcollectsomeinformation.Thisisnormal.IftheVMwaresupport
teamneedsthatinformation,asupportrepresentativewillaskyoutorunthescript
againasroot.
Thescriptcreatesacompressed.tgzfileintheusershomedirectory.
3 Includethatoutputfilewithyoursupportrequest.
IfyouarereportingaproblemyouencounteredwhileinstallingVMware
Workstation,youshouldalsoincludeyourinstallationlogfile.
VMware Education Services
VMwarecoursesofferextensivehandsonlabs,casestudyexamples,andcourse
materialsdesignedtobeusedasonthejobreferencetools.Formoreinformationabout
VMwareEducationServices,gotohttp://mylearn1.vmware.com/mgrreg/index.cfm.
VMware, Inc. 20
1
ThischapterprovidesanintroductiontoWorkstationanddescribesthesystem
requirementsforoperatingWorkstation.Thischaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:
ProductBenefitsonpage 20
OverviewofThisManualonpage 21
AbouttheHostandGuestComputersonpage 22
WhatsNewinVersion 6onpage 22
HostSystemRequirementsonpage 32
VirtualMachineSpecificationsonpage 38
SupportedGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 41
Product Benefits
Workstationisdesktopsoftwarethatallowsyoutorunmultiplex86compatible
desktopandserveroperatingsystemssimultaneouslyonasinglePC,infully
networked,portablevirtualmachineswithnorebootingorharddrivepartitioning
required.
WithWorkstation,youspendlesstimeprocuringandconfiguring,andmoretime
testing,deploying,teaching,orrunningdemos.Overthreemillionsoftware
development,qualityassurance,training,sales,andITprofessionalsworldwidefind
Workstationanindispensabletool.
Tostreamlinesoftwaredevelopmentandtesting:
DevelopandtestmultipleoperatingsystemsandapplicationsonasinglePC.
Connectvirtualmachinestosimulateandtestmultitierconfigurations.
Introduction and System
Requirements 1
VMware, Inc. 21
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Usemultiplesnapshotsanddebuggingsupporttofacilitatetesting.
Archivetestenvironmentsonfileserverswheretheycanbeeasilyrestoredor
shared.
ToenhanceproductivityofITprofessionals:
Configureandtestdesktopsandserversasvirtualmachinesbeforedeploying
themtoproduction.
Testnewmultitierapplications,applicationupdates,andOSpatchesonasingle
PC.
Hostlegacyapplicationswithinvirtualmachines,facilitatingOSmigrationsand
eliminatingtheneedtoportlegacyapplications.
Createavirtuallibraryofenduserconfigurationsonashareddrive.
Tofacilitatecomputerbasedtrainingandsoftwaredemos:
Packageanddeployclassroommaterialinvirtualmachines.
Allowstudentstoexperimentwithmultipleoperatingsystems,applications,and
toolsinsecure,isolatedvirtualmachines.
Configurevirtualmachinestoundoallchangesatshutdown.
Democomplexormultitierconfigurationsonasinglelaptop.
Overview of This Manual
IfyoureaveteranuserofVMwareproducts,seeWhatsNewinVersion 6onpage 22
andseeChapter 3,UpgradingVMwareWorkstation,onpage 57.
IfyourenewtoVMwareWorkstation,thefirstchaptersofthismanualthrough
Chapter 7,RunningaVirtualMachine,onpage 149introduceyoutosomeofthe
thingsyoucandowithVMwareWorkstationandguideyouthroughthekeystepsfor
installingthesoftwareandputtingittowork.
Laterchaptersprovideindepthreferencematerialforgettingthemostoutofthe
sophisticatedfeaturesofWorkstation.
Workstation Users Manual
22 VMware, Inc.
About the Host and Guest Computers
Thetermshostandguestdescribeyourphysicalandvirtualmachines:
ThephysicalcomputeronwhichyouinstalltheVMwareWorkstationsoftwareis
calledthehostcomputer,anditsoperatingsystemiscalledthehostoperatingsystem.
Theoperatingsystemrunninginsideavirtualmachineiscalledaguestoperating
system.
Fordefinitionsoftheseandotherspecialterms,seeGlossaryonpage 445.
Whats New in Version 6
Thesectionsthatfollowdescribethefeaturesthathavebeenaddedtothe
Workstation 6.0release.
Upgrade Path to Workstation ACE Edition
VMwareACE2.0isasolutionfordeployingassuredcomputingenvironmentsand
securingremotedesktops.VMwareACEVirtualRightsManagement(VRM)
centralizesmanagementofsecuritypoliciesandaccessrightsappliedtovirtual
machines.ACEisusedprimarilytoensuremoresecureguestworker,partner,and
remotePCaccess.
AddingACEcapabilitiesintoWorkstationACEEditionmeansthatACE
administratorscannowtakemultiplesnapshots,createlinkedandfullclones,andso
on.TheseWorkstationfeatureswillallowdesktopsecurityadministratorstoeasilytest
patchesandnewapplicationsbeforedeployingvirtualmachinestoenduserPCs.
TheVRMcapabilitiesofACE,suchasexpirationandencryption,areimportantfor
Workstationuserswhowanttocreatevirtualappliances.Expirationcapabilitiesenable
ISVstoeasilydistributeevaluationcopiesofvirtualappliances.
IfyoupurchasealicensefortheACEfunctionality,youwillsee,inadditionto
Workstationwindowelements,ACEspecificmenuitems,toolbarbuttons,andother
interfaceelements.Theseelementsenableyoutowritesecuritypoliciesthatcontrol
encryption,authentication,expiration,copyprotection,networkaccess,anddevice
accessforthevirtualmachine.YoucanthencreateMSIcompliantdeployment
packagesthatincludethesepoliciesalongwiththevirtualmachine.
DocumentationfortheACEfunctionalityisprovidedintheVMwareACE
AdministratorsManual,availablefromtheVMwarewebsiteat:
http://www.vmware.com/support/pubs/ace_pubs.html
VMware, Inc. 23
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Integrated Virtual Debuggers
WiththenewWorkstationIDE(integrateddevelopmentenvironment)plugins,
softwaredevelopersareprovidedwithaconfigurableinterfacebetweentheirvirtual
machinesandVisualStudio(Windowsonly)orEclipse(WindowsorLinux)thatlets
themeasilytest,run,anddebugprogramsinvirtualmachines.
Youcanspecifysettingssuchasthelocationofthevirtualmachine,whichsetupor
cleanupscriptstoexecute,thelocationofsharedfolders,and(inVisualStudio)
directoriestobecopiedbetweenthehostandguest.
Whenconfigured,theintegratedvirtualdebuggerfindsthevirtualmachine,powersit
onifnecessary,setsuptheenvironmentbasedonyourconfigurationsettings,and
launchesorattachestotheapplication.Allbreakpoints,watchpoints,andsoonthat
yousetinyourIDEwillfunctionasifyouwererunningyourapplicationonthehost
computer.
Dependingontheconfigurationsettingyouspecify,whentheapplicationfinishes
running,thevirtualmachineispoweredoff,suspended,revertedtoasnapshot,orleft
initscurrentstate.
ForinformationaboutusingtheWorkstationIDEplugins,seeAppendix B,Usingthe
EclipseIntegratedVirtualDebugger,onpage 415andAppendix C,UsingtheVisual
StudioIntegratedVirtualDebugger,onpage 427.
VMware Player 2.0
WhenyouinstallWorkstation,VMwarePlayer2.0isalsoinstalled.Thisnewversionof
PlayerprovidesauserfriendlyWelcomepagethatgivesyoutheoptionofbrowsingto
avirtualmachinefile,downloadingavirtualappliancefromtheVMTN(VMware
TechnologyNetwork)website,oropeningarecentlyusedvirtualmachine.Ifyou
downloadanappliance,youcanthenusePlayersnewapplianceviewwhenrunning
avirtualappliance.
Player2.0alsoenablesyoutosharefoldersbetweenthehostandguestoperating
systems.
FormoreinformationaboutthebuiltinVMwarePlayer,seeSharingVirtual
MachineswithVMwarePlayeronpage 194.
Workstation Users Manual
24 VMware, Inc.
Automation Through Expanded VIX 1.1 API
TheVIXAPI(formerlyknownastheProgrammingAPI)allowsyoutowritescriptsand
programstoautomatevirtualmachineoperations.TheAPIishighlevel,easytouse,
andpracticalforbothscriptwritersandapplicationprogrammers.
ThisreleaseoftheAPIisavailableintheClanguage.APIfunctionsallowyouto
register,poweronoroffvirtualmachines,andrunprogramsintheguestoperating
systems.ThereareadditionallanguagebindingsforPerl,COM,andshellscripts
(vmrun).Formoreinformation,seetheVMwareVIXAPI1.1ReleaseNotes.
Record/Replay of Virtual Machine Activity (Experimental)
ThisfeatureletsyourecordallofaWorkstation5or6virtualmachinesactivityovera
periodoftime.UnlikeWorkstationsmoviecapturefeature,therecord/replayfeature
letsyouexactlyduplicatetheoperationsandstateofthevirtualmachinethroughout
thetimeoftherecording.SeeRecordingActivityofaVirtualMachine(Experimental)
onpage 239.
Physical-to-Virtual Conversion and Enhanced Import
Functionality (Windows Hosts Only)
Workstation6.0incorporatestheImporterwizardfromtheVMwareConverter
product.UsingtheConverterImportwizardenablesyoutoconvertaphysical
Windowsmachineintoavirtualmachineandconvertavirtualmachinefromone
VMwarevirtualmachineformattoanother.Youcanalsoconvertvirtualmachinesor
systemimagesfromthefollowingthirdpartyvendorsintoaVMwarevirtualmachine:
StorageCraftimages(.spffiles)
MicrosoftVirtualPC7.xandhigher(.vmcfiles)
AnyversionofMicrosoftVirtualServer(.vmcfiles)
SymantecBackupExecSystemRecoveryformerlyLiveStateRecovery
(.sv2i files)
NortonGhostimages9.xandhigher(.sv2ifiles)
Formoreinformation,seeImportingVirtualMachinesfromOtherFormats(Windows
HostsOnly)onpage 100.
VMware, Inc. 25
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Easy Upgrade or Downgrade of VMware Virtual Machines
AnewChangeVersionwizardstepsyouthroughtheprocessofupgradingor
downgradingvirtualmachinesbetweenWorkstationversions4,5,and6.
Thewizardhelpsyoudeterminewhichvirtualhardwareversiontouseforvarious
VMwareproducts.Youhavethechoiceofeitherchangingtheversionoftheoriginal
virtualmachineorcreatingafullclone.Formoreinformation,seeChangingthe
VersionoftheVirtualMachineonpage 61.
Running Virtual Machines in the Background
YounolongerneedtopoweroffvirtualmachineswhenyouexitWorkstation.Youcan
leavevirtualmachinesrunninginthebackground,evenwhenWorkstationisnot
running.Onthehost,aniconinthenotificationareaofthetaskbarindicateshowmany
virtualmachinesarerunninginthebackground.Clicktheicontodisplayalistofthe
poweredonvirtualmachines.SeeClosingVirtualMachinesandExitingWorkstation
onpage 86.
YoucantheninteractwithvirtualmachinesoutsideofWorkstationbyusingaVNC
(virtualnetworkcomputing)connection.SeeUsingaVNCClientforRemote
ConnectionstoaVirtualMachineonpage 184.
YoucanalsolaunchavirtualmachineinthebackgroundbyusingtheVMware
ProgrammingAPI(knownasVIX),andlaterconnecttothepoweredonvirtual
machinewithWorkstation.
Support for Multiple-Monitor Displays
Youcanspecifyhowmanymonitorsavirtualmachinecandetect,regardlessofhow
manymonitorsareattachedtothehost.Thisfeatureisespeciallyusefulifyouplanto
deploythevirtualmachinetoadifferenthostafteryoucreateit.
Youcanalsospecifywhichscreenresolutiontouse.Formoreinformation,seeUsing
MultipleMonitorsonpage 162.
Increase in Number of Ethernet Adapters Supported
Youcannowhaveatotalof10Ethernetadaptersforavirtualmachine.
New 64-Bit Sound Driver
VMwareToolsinstallsasounddriverin64bitWindowsguestoperatingsystems.
Newlycreated64bitWindowsvirtualmachinesarenowconfiguredwithaudio
hardwarebydefault.SeeSoundonpage 41.
Workstation Users Manual
26 VMware, Inc.
Support for High-Speed USB 2.0 Devices
IftheguestoperatingsystemhasappropriateUSB2.0devicedrivers,youcanuse
peripheralsthatrequirehighspeedperformance,suchasspeakers,webcams,
nextgenerationprintersandscanners,faststoragedevices,MP3players,DVDRW
drives,andhighcapacityCDROMjukeboxes.YoucanconnecttosixUSB2.0devices.
SeeUsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 353.
ForUSB1.1devices,avirtualUSBhubhasbeenaddedsothatyoucanconnecttomore
thantwoUSB1.1devices.
Ability for a Virtual Machine to Act as a VNC Server
VNC(VirtualNetworkComputing)softwaremakesitpossibletoviewandinteract
withacomputerfromanyremotecomputerormobiledeviceconnectedtotheInternet.
YoucansetavirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserverwithoutinstallinganythirdparty
VNCsoftwareintheguest.UsersonremotecomputerscaninstallaVNCclient(also
calledaVNCviewer)toconnecttothevirtualmachineandinteractwithit.SeeUsing
aVNCClientforRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachineonpage 184.
Increased RAM Support and Ability to Run on Server-Class
Systems
Thepreviouslimitof4GBtotalRAMthatcouldbeusedforallvirtualmachines
combinedhasbeenremoved.Asofthisrelease,theamountofmemoryusedbyall
virtualmachinescombinedislimitedonlybytheamountofthehostcomputersRAM.
Themaximumamountofmemorythatcanbeallocatedpervirtualmachinehasbeen
raisedfrom4GBto8GB.
YoucanalsoinstallWorkstationonserverclasshardwareandhostoperatingsystems.
New Host Operating System Support
Supportforthefollowing32bithostshasbeenadded:
WindowsVistaEnterprise
WindowsVistaBusiness
WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremium
WindowsVistaUltimate
WindowsServer2008
RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.5(formerlycalled4.0Update5)
VMware, Inc. 27
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9SP4
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1
openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2)
openSUSE10.3
UbuntuLinux6.10
UbuntuLinux7.04
MandrivaLinux2007
MandrivaCorporateDesktop4.0
Supportforthefollowing64bithostshasbeenadded:
WindowsVistaEnterprise
WindowsVistaBusiness
WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremium
WindowsVistaUltimate
WindowsServer2008
RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.5(formerlycalled4.0Update5)
RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9SP4
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1
openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2)
openSUSE10.3
UbuntuLinux6.10
UbuntuLinux7.04
MandrivaLinux2007
MandrivaCorporateDesktop4.0
Workstation Users Manual
28 VMware, Inc.
New Guest Operating System Support
Supportforthefollowing32bitguestshasbeenadded:
WindowsVistaEnterprise(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsVistaBusiness(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremium(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsVistaUltimate(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsServer2008
RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.5
RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9SP4
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1
openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2)
openSUSE10.3
Turbolinux10Server
Solaris10Update3
NovellNetware6.5SP5
UbuntuLinux6.10
UbuntuLinux7.04
MandrivaLinux2007
MandrivaCorporateDesktop4.0
FreeBSD6.2
Supportforthefollowing64bitguestshasbeenadded:
WindowsVistaEnterprise(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsVistaBusiness(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremium(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsVistaUltimate(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsServer2008
RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.5
VMware, Inc. 29
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9SP4
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1
openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2)
openSUSE10.3
Turbolinux10Server
Solarisx8610Update3
UbuntuLinux6.10
UbuntuLinux7.04
MandrivaLinux2007
MandrivaCorporateDesktop4.0
FreeBSD6.2
Improved 64-Bit Guest Support
Inadditiontoother64bitguestoperatingsystemssupportedonIntelandAMD
systems,64bitguestoperatingsystemsthatrunonIntelEM64TVTcapableprocessors
arefullysupported.
Appliance View for Virtual Appliances
Ifyousetupavirtualmachinetoactasanappliance,suchasaWebserverwitha
browserbasedinterface,specifythedefaultviewasthenewapplianceview,rather
thantheoperatingsystemconsole.Theapplianceviewgivesyouabriefdescriptionof
thetypeofserverorapplianceandprovidesalinkthatopensabrowseronthehost
systemandconnectstoappliancesmanagementconsole.Theapplianceviewis
availableforWorkstation6virtualmachines.SeeDisplayingtheVirtualMachineasan
Applianceonpage 170.
Monitor the Status of a Battery from the Guest Operating
System
Ifyouarerunningavirtualmachineonalaptop,youcanconfigurethevirtualmachine
tomonitorthestateofthehostsphysicalbattery.Ifyourguestoperatingsystemis
configuredtorespondtolowbatterysituations,itcandosoeffectively.SeeReporting
BatteryInformationintheGuestOperatingSystemonpage 160.
Workstation Users Manual
30 VMware, Inc.
Enhanced Ability to Gather Debugging Information
Younolongerneedtopowerofforsuspendavirtualmachinebeforesettingitto
generatedebugginginformation.Inaddition,anewmodehasbeenaddedthatallows
extensivestatisticstobegatheredaboutthevirtualmachine.Thesestatisticsareoften
valuableindeterminingwhyavirtualmachinerunsslowlyundersomeworkloads.See
TurningOffDebuggingModeonpage 380.
Support for Paravirtualized Linux Kernels
IfyouhaveaVMwareVMI(VirtualMachineInterface)3.0enabledkernelinaLinux
guestoperatingsystem,youcanenableparavirtualsupportinthevirtualmachine.This
supportresultsinimprovedperformance.SeeEnhancedPerformancewith
ParavirtualizedKernelsinLinuxGuestsonpage 386.
User Interface for Mapping a Virtual Disk to a Drive Letter
Workstationmenucommandsareavailabletoenableyoutouseamappeddriveto
connecttoavirtualdiskwithouthavingtogointoavirtualmachine.Previously,this
functionalitywasavailableonlybyusingacommandlineutility.Alternatively,youcan
mapadrivebyrightclickingavirtualdisk(.vmdk)fileinWindowsExplorer.This
featuregivesyouanotherwayoftransferringfilesbetweenhostandguests.SeeUsing
aMappedDrive(WindowsOnly)onpage 180.
Automatic Update to the Latest Version of VMware Tools
Everytimeyoupoweronavirtualmachine,theguestoperatingsystemcomparesits
versionofVMwareToolsagainsttheversionthatiscurrentlyinstalledonthehost.Ifan
updateisavailable,youseeamessageinthestatusbarofthewindow.Toupgradeto
thenewversion,youpreviouslyneededtouseamenuitemtoinstallthenewversion.
WithWorkstation6,onWindowsandLinuxguests,youhavetheoptionofsetting
VMwareToolstoautomaticallyupgradeitselfwhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon.
OnWindowshosts,ifyoudontchoosetoautomaticallyupgrade,youcanalternatively
rightclicktheToolsiconinthenotificationareaofthegueststaskbartoopenthe
VMwareToolsControlPanelandclicktheUpgradebutton.SeeUpgradingVMware
Toolsonpage 116.
VMware, Inc. 31
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Enhanced Ability to Restrict Shared Folders
Asasecurityprecaution,afeaturehasbeenaddedthatdisablessharedfoldersfor
virtualmachinesthatyoudownloadorcopyfromanotherlocation.Thischange
protectsyoufrompoweringonamaliciousvirtualmachinethatmightuseshared
folderstogainaccesstodataonyourhostmachine.Youcan,however,changethis
defaultbehavior.
IfyouhaveapreviousversionofWorkstationandyouusedsharedfolders,youwill
find,afterupgradingtoWorkstation 6.0,thatyouwillneedtoreenablefoldersharing.
Youhavevariouslevelsofsecuritywhensharingfolders:
Enablesomeorallsharedfoldersforaparticularvirtualmachine.
Setsharedfolderstobedisabledatthenextpoweron.
Setadefaulttoenableallsharedfoldersthatmightbepresentinvirtualmachines
thatyoudidnotcreateyourself.
SeeUsingSharedFoldersonpage 173.
VMwarePlayer2.0nowallowsyoutousesharedfolders.SeeSharingVirtual
MachineswithVMwarePlayeronpage 194.
Enhanced File Sharing and Copy and Paste Functionality
FollowingisalistofenhancementsfortheWorkstation6.0release:
UsesharedfoldersonaSolarisguest.(Previously,sharedfolderswereavailable
onlyforLinuxandWindowsguests.)SeeUsingSharedFoldersonpage 173.
DraganddropfilesbetweenaLinuxorWindowshostandaLinux,Windows,or
Solarisguest.(LinuxhostsandLinuxandSolarisguestsmustberunningX
Windows.)SeeUsingDragandDroponpage 171.
CopyandpastetextbetweenaWindowsorLinuxhostandaWindows,Linux,or
Solarisguest.SeeUsingCopyandPasteonpage 172.
Copyandpastefiles,notjusttext,betweenaWindowsorLinuxhostanda
Windows,Linux,orSolarisguest.SeeUsingCopyandPasteonpage 172.
OnLinuxhostsandguests,manyimprovementshavebeenmadetoperformance,
permissionshandling,andsharemounting,asdescribedinSharedFolderson
LinuxGuests:PermissionsandFolderMountingonpage 178.
Workstation Users Manual
32 VMware, Inc.
Host System Requirements
Likephysicalcomputers,thevirtualmachinesrunningunderWorkstationperform
betteriftheyhavefasterprocessorsandmorememory.
PC Hardware
Standardx86compatibleorx8664compatiblepersonalcomputer
733MHzorfasterCPUminimum
Compatibleprocessorsinclude:
Intel:Celeron,PentiumII,PentiumIII,Pentium4,PentiumM(including
computerswithCentrinomobiletechnology),Xeon(includingPrestonia),
andCore2processors
AMD:Athlon,AthlonMP,AthlonXP,Athlon64,Duron,Opteron,Turion 64
AMDSempron
Foradditionalinformation,includingnotesonprocessorsthatarenotcompatible,
seetheVMwareknowledgebaseat
www.vmware.com/support/kb/enduser/std_adp.php?p_faqid=967.
Multiprocessorsystemssupported
64bitsystemssupported:AMDOpteron,AMDAthlon64,AMDTurion64,AMD
Sempron,IntelEM64T.Supportfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsisavailableonly
onthefollowingversionsoftheseprocessors:
AMDAthlon64,revisionDorlater
AMDOpteron,revisionEorlater
AMDTurion64,revisionEorlater
AMDSempron,64bitcapablerevisionDorlater
IntelPentium4andCore2processorswithEM64TandIntelVirtualization
Technology
VMware, Inc. 33
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Memory
512MBminimum(2GBisrecommended).
Youmusthaveenoughmemorytorunthehostoperatingsystem,plusthememory
requiredforeachguestoperatingsystemandforapplicationsonthehostandguest.See
yourguestoperatingsystemandapplicationdocumentationfortheirmemory
requirements.
Asofversion6.0ofWorkstation,thetotalamountofmemoryyoucanassigntoall
virtualmachinesrunningonasinglehostisunlimited.Themaximumamountof
memorypervirtualmachineis8GB.
Display
16bitor32bitdisplayadapterisrecommended.
Disk Drives
Guestoperatingsystemscanresideonphysicaldiskpartitionsorinvirtualdiskfiles.
Hard Disk
IDEandSCSIharddrivessupported.
Atleast1GBfreediskspacerecommendedforeachguestoperatingsystemandthe
applicationsoftwareusedwithit.Ifyouuseadefaultsetup,theactualdiskspace
needsareapproximatelythesameasthoseforinstallingandrunningtheguest
operatingsystemandapplicationsonaphysicalcomputer.
Forinstallation200MB(Linux)or900MB(Windows)freediskspacerequiredfor
basicinstallation.Youcandeletetheinstallerafterwardstoreclaimdiskspace.
Optical CD-ROM/DVD-ROM Drive
IDEandSCSIopticaldrivessupported.
CDROMandDVDROMdrivessupported.
ISOdiskimagefilessupported.
Floppy Drives
Virtualmachinescanconnecttothehostsfloppydrives.Floppydiskimagefilesare
alsosupported.
Workstation Users Manual
34 VMware, Inc.
Local Area Networking (Optional)
AnyEthernetcontrollersupportedbythehostoperatingsystem.
NonEthernetnetworkssupportedusingbuiltinnetworkaddresstranslation
(NAT)orusingacombinationofhostonlynetworkingplusroutingsoftwareon
thehostoperatingsystem.
Host Operating System
VMwareWorkstationisavailableforbothWindowsandLinuxhostoperatingsystems.
Windows Host Operating Systems (32-Bit)
WorkstationsupportsthefollowingWindows32bithostoperatingsystems:
WindowsVistaEnterpriseEdition
WindowsVistaBusinessEdition
WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremiumEditions
WindowsVistaUltimateEdition
WindowsServer2008,SP1
WindowsServer2003StandardEdition,SP1,SP2
WindowsServer2003WebEdition,SP1
WindowsServer2003SmallBusinessEdition,SP1,SP2
WindowsServer2003EnterpriseEdition,SP1,SP2
WindowsServer2003R2
(Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack.)
WindowsXPHomeEdition,SP1,SP2
WindowsXPProfessional,SP1,SP2
Windows2000ServerSP3,SP4
Windows2000Professional,SP3,SP4
Windows2000AdvancedServer,SP3,SP4
VMware, Inc. 35
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Windows Host Operating Systems (64-Bit)
WindowsVistaEnterpriseEdition
WindowsVistaBusinessEdition
WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremiumEditions
WindowsVistaUltimateEdition
WindowsServer2008x64EditionSP1
WindowsServer2003x64EditionSP1
WindowsServer2003x64EditionR2
WindowsXPProfessionalx64Edition
AWebbrowserisrequiredfortheHelpsystem.
Linux Host Operating Systems (32-Bit)
Supporteddistributionsandkernelsarelistedbelow.Workstationmightnotrunon
systemsthatdonotmeettheserequirements.
MandrivaLinux2006and2007
MandrivaCorporateDesktop4.0
MandrivaCorporateServer4.0
MandrakeLinux10.1
MandrakeLinux9.0stock2.4.19
RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.5(formerlycalled4.0Update5)
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS4.0,updates1,2,3,4
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES4.0,updates1,2,3,4
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.0,updates1,2,3,4
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS3.0,updates1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES3.0,updates1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS3.0,updates1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
NOTEAsnewerLinuxkernelsanddistributionsarereleased,VMwaremodifiesand
testsitsproductsforstabilityandreliabilityonthosehostplatforms.VMwaremakes
everyefforttoaddsupportfornewkernelsanddistributionsinatimelymanner,but
untilakernelordistributionisaddedtothelistbelow,itsusewithVMwareproducts
isnotsupported.Lookfornewerprebuiltmodulesinthedownloadareaofthe
VMwareWebsite.Gotowww.vmware.com/download/.
Workstation Users Manual
36 VMware, Inc.
RedHatEnterpriseLinux2.1stock2.4.9e3
RedHatLinux9.0stock2.4.208,upgrade2.4.2020.9
RedHatLinux8.0stock2.4.18
RedHatLinux7.3stock2.4.18
RedHatLinux7.2stock2.4.710,upgrade2.4.97,upgrade2.4.913,upgrade
2.4.921,upgrade2.4.931
RedHatLinux7.1stock2.4.22,upgrade2.4.312
RedHatLinux7.0stock2.2.1622,upgrade2.2.1714
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9SP4
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9,9SP1,9SP2,9SP3
(Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack.)
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer8,stock2.4.19
openSUSE10.3
openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2)
SUSELinux10.1
SUSELinux10
SUSELinux9.3
SUSELinux9.2,SP1)
SUSELinux9.1stock2.6.452
SUSELinux9.0stock2.4.2199
SUSELinux8.2stock2.4.20
UbuntuLinux7.04
UbuntuLinux6.10
UbuntuLinux6.06
UbuntuLinux5.10
UbuntuLinux5.04
AWebbrowserisrequiredfortheHelpsystem.
VMware, Inc. 37
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Linux Host Operating Systems (64-Bit)
Supporteddistributionsandkernelsarelistedbelow.Workstationmightnotrunon
systemsthatdonotmeettheserequirements.
MandrivaLinux2006and2007
MandrivaCorporateDesktop4.0
MandrivaCorporateServer4.0
Important:On64bitMandrivahosts,some32bitcompatibilitylibrariesare
required.Specifically,32bitglibc,X11,andlibXtst.soarerequired.
RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0
RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.5(formerlycalled4.0Update5)
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS4.0,updates3,4
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES4.0,updates3,4
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.0,updates3,4
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS3.0,stock2.4.21,updates2.4.2115,6,7,8
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES3.0,stock2.4.21,updates2.4.2115,6,7,8
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS3.0,stock2.4.21,updates2.4.2115,6,7,8
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10SP1
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9SP4
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer9,SP1,SP2,SP3
(Listedversionsarealsosupportedwithnoservicepack.)
openSUSE10.3
openSUSE10.2(formerlyknownasSUSELinux10.2)
SUSELinux10.1
SUSELinux10
SUSELinux9.3
SUSELinux9.2,SP1
SUSELinux9.1stock2.6.452
NOTEAsnewerLinuxkernelsanddistributionsarereleased,VMwaremodifiesand
testsitsproductsforstabilityandreliabilityonthosehostplatforms.VMwaremakes
everyefforttoaddsupportfornewkernelsanddistributionsinatimelymanner,but
untilakernelordistributionisaddedtothelistbelow,itsusewithVMwareproducts
isnotsupported.Lookfornewerprebuiltmodulesinthedownloadareaofthe
VMwareWebsite.Gotowww.vmware.com/download/.
Workstation Users Manual
38 VMware, Inc.
UbuntuLinux7.04
UbuntuLinux6.10
UbuntuLinux6.06
UbuntuLinux5.10
UbuntuLinux5.04
Important:On64bitUbuntu6.xhosts,some32bitcompatibilitylibrariesare
required.Specifically,32bitglibcandX11arerequired.
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforversiondetailsaboutthese
operatingsystems.AWebbrowserisrequiredfortheHelpsystem.
Virtual Machine Specifications
ThefollowingsectionsdescribethedevicessupportedbyWorkstationvirtual
machines.
Processor
Sameprocessorasthatonhostcomputer.
Onevirtualprocessoronahostwithoneormorelogicalprocessors.
Twovirtualprocessors(twowayvirtualsymmetricmultiprocessing,or
Virtual SMP)onahostwithatleasttwologicalprocessors.
Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwologicalprocessors:
AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs
AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU
Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled
SeeUsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing(Experimental)on
page 367.
Chip Set
Intel440BXbasedmotherboard
NS338SIO
82093AAIOAPIC
BIOS
PhoenixBIOS4.0Release6withVESABIOS
VMware, Inc. 39
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Memory
Upto8GB,dependingonhostmemory.
Nomaximumlimitforthetotalavailableforallvirtualmachines.
Graphics
VGAandSVGAsupport
IDE Drives
Uptofourdevicesdisks,CDROMorDVDROM(DVDdrivescanbeusedto
readdataDVDROMdiscs;DVDvideoisnotsupported).
Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks.
IDEvirtualdisksupto950GB.
CDROMcanbeaphysicaldeviceoranISOimagefile.
SCSI Devices
Upto60devices.
SCSIvirtualdisksupto950GB.
Harddiskscanbevirtualdisksorphysicaldisks.
GenericSCSIsupportallowsdevicestobeusedwithoutneedfordriversinthe
hostoperatingsystem.Workswithscanners,CDROM,DVDROM,tapedrives
andotherSCSIdevices.
LSILogicLSI53C10xxUltra320SCSII/Ocontroller.
Mylex(BusLogic)BT958compatiblehostbusadapter(requiresaddondriver
fromVMwareforWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003).
Floppy Drives
Uptotwo1.44MBfloppydevices.
Physicaldrivesorfloppyimagefiles.
Workstation Users Manual
40 VMware, Inc.
Serial (COM) Ports
Uptofourserial(COM)ports.
Outputtoserialports,WindowsorLinuxfiles,ornamedpipes.
Parallel (LPT) Ports
Uptothreebidirectionalparallel(LPT)ports.
Outputtoparallelportsorhostoperatingsystemfiles.
USB ports
USB1.1UHCIcontroller,witha(transparent)virtualhubsothatmorethantwo
devicescanbeconnected.
USB2.0EHCIcontrollerthatsupportsuptosixdevices.(Youneedusethevirtual
machinesettingseditortoenableUSB2.0support.SeeEnablingandDisablingthe
USB2.0Controlleronpage 354.)
Supportsmostdevices,includingUSBprinters,scanners,PDAs,harddiskdrives,
memorycardreadersanddigitalcameras,aswellasstreamingdevicessuchas
webcams,speakers,andmicrophones.
Keyboard
104keyWindows95/98enhanced
Mouse and Drawing Tablets
PS/2mouse
Serialtabletssupported
Ethernet Card
Upto10virtualEthernetcards.
AMDPCnetPCIIIcompatible.
For64bitguests:IntelPro/1000MTServerAdaptercompatible.
VMware, Inc. 41
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Sound
Soundoutputandinput.
EmulatesCreativeLabsSoundBlasterAudioPCI.(MIDIinput,gamecontrollers
andjoysticksarenotsupported,exceptforUSBdevices.)
Virtual Networking
Supportfor10virtualEthernetswitchesonMicrosoftWindowshostoperating
systems.Supportfor100virtualEthernetswitchesonLinuxhosts.Threeswitches
areconfiguredbydefaultforbridged,hostonly,andNATnetworking.
SupportformostEthernetbasedprotocols,includingTCP/IP,NetBEUI,Microsoft
Networking,Samba,NovellNetware,andNetworkFileSystem.
BuiltinNATsupportsclientsoftwareusingTCP/IP,FTP,DNS,HTTP,andTelnet,
includingVPNsupportforPPTPoverNAT.
Supported Guest Operating Systems
Thissectionprovidesasimplifiedlistofguestoperatingsystemssupportedforvirtual
machinesrunninginVMwareWorkstation.Forthemostrecentlistofsupportedguest
operatingsystems,includingdetailedinformationaboutthespecificoperatingsystem
versions,servicepacks,andupdatessupported,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystem
InstallationGuide,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.Thisguidealsoprovides
notesoninstallingthemostcommonguestoperatingsystems.
OperatingsystemsthatarenotlistedarenotsupportedforuseinaWorkstationvirtual
machine.
Workstation Users Manual
42 VMware, Inc.
Microsoft Windows 32-Bit
WindowsVista(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsServer2008
WindowsServer2003,SmallBusinessServer2003
WindowsServer2003WebEdition
WindowsXPProfessionalandHomeEdition
Windows2000Professional
Windows2000Server
Windows2000AdvancedServer
WindowsNTWorkstationandServer4.0
WindowsNT4.0TerminalServerEdition
WindowsMe
Windows98
Windows95
WindowsforWorkgroups
Windows3.1
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforservicepackandversion
detailsabouttheseoperatingsystems.
Microsoft Windows 64-Bit
WindowsVistax64Edition(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsServer2008x64Edition
WindowsServer2003x64Edition
WindowsXPProfessionalx64
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforservicepackandversion
detailsabouttheseoperatingsystems,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
Microsoft MS-DOS
MSDOS
VMware, Inc. 43
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Linux 32-Bit
MandrivaLinux2006and2007
MandrakeLinux
RedHatLinux
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedServer,EnterpriseServer,andWorkstation
SUSELinux
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer
openSUSELinux
TurbolinuxServer,EnterpriseServer,Workstation,Desktop
NovellLinuxDesktop
SunJavaDesktopSystem(JDS)
UbuntuLinux
Turbolinux10Server
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforversiondetailsaboutthese
operatingsystems,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
Linux 64-Bit
MandrivaLinux2006and2007
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedServer,EnterpriseServer,andWorkstation
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer
SUSELinux
openSUSELinux
UbuntuLinux
Turbolinux10Server
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforversiondetailsaboutthese
operatingsystems,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
Workstation Users Manual
44 VMware, Inc.
Novell NetWare 32-Bit
NetWare
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforversiondetailsaboutthis
operatingsystem,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
Novell Open Enterprise Server 32-Bit
OpenEnterpriseServer32bit
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforversiondetailsaboutthis
operatingsystem,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
FreeBSD 32-Bit
FreeBSD32bit
IfyouuseSCSIvirtualdiskslargerthan2GBwithFreeBSD4.04.3,theguestoperating
systemdoesnotboot.Toworkaroundthisissue,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystem
InstallationGuide,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
FreeBSD 64-Bit
FreeBSD64bit
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforversiondetailsaboutthis
operatingsystem,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
Sun Solaris 32-Bit
Solarisx8632bit
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforversiondetailsaboutthese
operatingsystems,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
Sun Solaris 64-Bit
Solarisx8664bit
SeetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystemInstallationGuideforversiondetailsaboutthese
operatingsystems,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.
VMware, Inc. 45
Chapter 1 Introduction and System Requirements
Support for 64-Bit Guest Operating Systems
Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems,running
onhostmachineswiththefollowingprocessors:
AMDAthlon64,revisionDorlater
AMDOpteron,revisionEorlater
AMDTurion64,revisionEorlater
AMDSempron,64bitcapablerevisionDorlater
IntelEM64TVTcapableprocessors
Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyon
hostmachinesthathaveoneofthesupported64bitprocessors.Whenyoupowerona
virtualmachinewitha64bitguestoperatingsystem,Workstationperformsaninternal
check:ifthehostCPUisnotasupported64bitprocessor,youcannotpoweronthe
virtualmachine.
VMwarealsoprovidesastandaloneutilitythatyoucanusewithoutWorkstationto
performthesamecheckanddeterminewhetheryourCPUissupportedfor
Workstationvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystems.Youcandownload
the64bitprocessorcheckutilityfromwww.vmware.com/download.
Workstationsupportsvirtualmachineswith64bitguestoperatingsystemsonlyin
versions5.5andlater.IfyourversionofWorkstationis5.0orearlier,upgradetoversion
6.0orlaterfor64bitguestoperatingsystemsupport.Avirtualmachinecreatedin
Workstationversion5.5witha64bitoperatingsystemcannotbepoweredonor
resumedinWorkstationversions5.0andearlier.
Workstation Users Manual
46 VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc. 47
2
ThischapterdiscusseshowtoinstallWorkstationonyourLinuxorWindowshost
system.Thischaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:
InstallationPrerequisitesonpage 47
InstallingWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 48
InstallingWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 53
WheretoGoNextonpage 56
Ifyouareupgradingratherthanperformingafreshinstallation,seeChapter 3,
UpgradingVMwareWorkstation,onpage 57.
Installation Prerequisites
InstallingVMwareWorkstationisusuallyasimpleprocessofrunningastandard
installationwizard.Thissectionoutlinesthetasksyouneedtoperformbeforestarting
aninstallation,anditcontainsanimportantnoteaboutthecompatibilityofhaving
multipleVMwareproductsinstalledonthesamecomputerasWorkstation.
Beforeyoubegininstallation,besureyouhave:
CompatiblehostVerifythatthecomputerandhostoperatingsystemmeetthe
systemrequirementsforrunningWorkstation,asdescribedinHostSystem
Requirementsonpage 32.
WorkstationinstallationsoftwareIfyouboughtthepackageddistributionof
Workstation,theinstallationsoftwareisontheCDinyourpackage.Ifyoubought
theelectronicdistribution,theinstallationsoftwareisinthefileyoudownloaded.
VMwareWorkstationisavailableforbothWindowsandLinuxhostcomputers.
TheinstallationfilesforbothhostplatformsareincludedonthesameCDROM.
Installing VMware
Workstation 2
Workstation Users Manual
48 VMware, Inc.
WorkstationserialnumberYourserialnumberisontheregistrationcardinyour
package.IfyoupurchasedWorkstationonline,theserialnumberissentbyemail.
YourserialnumberallowsyoutouseWorkstationonlyonthehostoperating
systemforwhichyoulicensedthesoftware.Forexample,ifyouhaveaserial
numberforaWindowshost,youcannotrunthesoftwareonaLinuxhost.Make
sureyouentertheserialnumberforthecorrectoperatingsystem.
TouseWorkstationonadifferenthostoperatingsystem,purchasealicenseonthe
VMwareWebsite.Youcanalsogetanevaluationlicenseatnochargefora30day
evaluationofthesoftware.Formoreinformation,goto
www.vmware.com/download/.
AguestoperatingsystemAfterWorkstationisinstalled,youwillneedthe
operatingsysteminstallationCDsorOSimagestosetupyourguest.
Sharing a Workstation Host with Other VMware Products
YoucannothaveVMwareWorkstationinstalledonthesamehostmachinewithanother
VMwareproduct,suchasVMwareServerortheVMwareVirtualMachineConsole.
TheonlyVMwareproductsthatcanshareahostmachinewithWorkstationarethe
VMwareVirtualCenterclientsoftwareandtheVMwareConverter.Ifyouplantoinstall
VMwareWorkstationonahostmachinethatalreadycontainsanotherVMware
product,youmustuninstallthatproductfirst.
Afteryouhavecompletedtheprerequisitesanddeterminedwhichcomputeryouwant
touseforhostingWorkstation,seetheappropriateinstallationsection:
InstallingWorkstationonaWindowsHostonpage 48
InstallingWorkstationonaLinuxHostonpage 53
Installing Workstation on a Windows Host
Beforeyouperformtheinstallationprocedure,makesureyouhavetheWorkstation6
serialnumberready.Althoughyoucanenterthenumberafterinstallation,itis
recommendedatyouenteritatinstallationtime.
ThefollowingproceduredescribeshowtoruntheWorkstationinstallationwizard.If
insteadofrunningthewizard,youwanttousethecommandlineinterfacetoperform
asilentinstallationonmanycomputers,seeInstallingWorkstationSilentlyon
page 51.
VMware, Inc. 49
Chapter 2 Installing VMware Workstation
To install Workstation on a Windows host
1 LogintoyourMicrosoftWindowshostastheAdministratoruserorasauserwho
isamemberoftheWindowsAdministratorsgroup.
Loginaslocaladministrator(thatis,donotlogontothedomain,unlessyour
domainaccountisalsoalocaladministrator).
AlthoughanadministratormustinstallWorkstation,anormaluserwithout
administrativeprivilegescanruntheprogramafteritisinstalled.
2 FromtheStartmenu,chooseRun,andspecifythepathtoeithertheCDROM
driveorthedownloadedinstallerfile:
IfyouareinstallingfromaCD,enterD:\setup.exe,whereD:isthedrive
letterforyourCDROMdrive.
Ifyouareinstallingfromadownloadedfile,browsetothedirectorywhere
yousavedthedownloadedinstallerfile,andruntheinstaller.(Thefilenameis
similartoVMware-workstation-<xxxx-xxxx>.exe,where<xxxx-xxxx>is
aseriesofnumbersrepresentingtheversionandbuildnumbers.)
OnWindowsVista,whentheUserAccountControldialogboxappears,
promptingyouforpermissiontoruntheinstaller,clickContinue.
3 Whenthewizardopensandfinishescomputingspacerequirements,clickNextto
dismisstheWelcomepage.
4 OntheSetupTypepage,selectTypicalunlessyoudonotwanttoinstallthe
applicableWorkstationIDEplugins,orifyouhaveEclipseinstalledina
nonstandardlocation:
IfyouhaveVisualStudio2005orEclipseinstalled,theinstallerinstallsan
integratedvirtualdebugger(IDEplugin).Ifyoudontwantaplugin
installed,selecttheCustomsetup,andselectnottoinstallthatcomponent.
IfyouhaveEclipseinstalledinadifferentdirectorythanC:\Eclipseor
C:\Program Files\Eclipseandyouwanttoinstalltheintegratedvirtual
debuggerforit,selecttheCustomsetup,andselecttoinstallthatcomponent.
NOTEYouneedonelicenseforeachuser.
NOTEIfyouhaveanearlierversionofWorkstationinstalledonyoursystem,the
installerremovesthatversionbeforeinstallingthenewversion.Afterthe
uninstallationiscomplete,youmightbepromptedtorestartyourcomputerbefore
theinstallercaninstallthenewversion.
Workstation Users Manual
50 VMware, Inc.
IfyouselectCustom,youcanusetheSpacebuttontofindouthowmuchdisk
spaceisrequiredforeachcomponentoftheinstallation.ClicktheHelpbuttonfor
adescriptionofwhateachtypeoficoninthelistmeans.
5 OntheDestinationFolderpage(fortypicalsetups)ortheCustomSetuppage(for
customsetups),ifyoudonotwantWorkstationinstalledinthedirectorythatis
shown,clickChangeandspecifythedirectoryyouwant.
Ifyouspecifyadirectorythatdoesnotexist,theinstallercreatesitforyou.
6 ClickNext.
WindowsandtheMicrosoftInstallerlimitthelengthofapathtoafolderonalocal
driveto255characters.Forapathtoafolderonamappedorshareddrive,thelimit
is240characters.Ifthepathexceedsthislimit,anerrormessageappears.Youmust
selectorenterashorterpath.
7 OntheConfigureShortcutspage,deselectanyshortcutsyoudonotwantthe
installertocreate.
8 OntheReadytoInstalltheProgrampage,eitherclickInstallorclickBacktomake
changes.
9 (Optional)AfteryouclickInstall,ontheRegistrationInformationpage,enteryour
name,companyname,andserialnumberandclickNext.
Yourserialnumberiseitherontheregistrationcardinyourpackageorinanemail
fromVMwareifyoupurchasedWorkstationonline.Theuserandcompany
informationyouenterhereisthenmadeavailableintheAboutbox(Help>About
VMwareWorkstation).
Ifyouskipthisstep,youmustenteryourserialnumberlater,beforeyoucanpower
onavirtualmachine.
10 WhenthewizarddisplaystheInstallationWizardCompletedpage,clickFinish.
NOTEIfyoudonothaveEclipseorVisualStudioinstalled,thepluginswillnot
beinstalled.Ifyouinstalloneorbothoftheseprogramsafteryouinstall
Workstation,runtheWorkstationinstalleragainandselecttheModifyoptionto
installthepluginsatthattime.
Also,donotattempttoinstalltheEclipseVirtualDebuggeron64bitWindows
hosts.
CAUTIONDonotinstallVMwareWorkstationonanetworkdrive.
VMware, Inc. 51
Chapter 2 Installing VMware Workstation
Someinstallationsmightrequirethatyourebootyourcomputer.Whenyourestart,you
dontneedtologinasauserwithAdministratorprivileges.
Installing Workstation Silently
IfyouareinstallingWorkstationonseveralWindowshostcomputers,youmightwant
tousethesilentinstallationfeatureoftheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller.Thisfeatureis
convenient,forexample,inalargeenterprise.
BeforeinstallingWorkstationsilently,ensurethatthehostcomputerhasversion2.0or
higheroftheMSIruntimeengine.Thisversionoftheinstallerisavailableinversionsof
WindowsbeginningwithWindowsXPandisavailableseparatelyfromMicrosoft.For
additionaldetailsonusingtheMicrosoftWindowsInstaller,seetheMicrosoftWebsite.
To install Workstation silently
1 SilentlyextracttheadministrativeinstallationimagefromtheVMware
Workstationinstaller:
setup.exe /a /s /v"/qn TARGETDIR=<InstallTempPath>"
setup.exeisthenameoftheinstallerontheCDdistribution.Ifyouareusinga
downloadedinstaller,thefilenameissimilarto
VMwareWorkstation-<xxxx>.exe,where<xxxx>isaseriesofnumbers
representingtheversionandbuildnumbers.
<InstallTempPath>isthefullpathtothefolderwhereyouwanttostorethe
administrativeinstallationimage.
2 Runasilentinstallationusingmsiexecandtheadministrativeinstallationimage
youextractedinthepreviousstep:
msiexec -i "<InstallTempPath>\VMware Workstation.msi"
[INSTALLDIR="<PathToProgramDirectory>"] ADDLOCAL=ALL
[REMOVE=<featurename,featurename>] /qn
Enterthecommandononeline.ToinstallWorkstationinalocationotherthanthe
default,changethepaththatfollowsINSTALLDIR=tospecifythelocation.
UsetheoptionalREMOVE=<property>toskipinstallationofcertainfeatures.The
REMOVE=<property>settingcantakeoneormoreofthevalueslistedinTable 21.
Workstation Users Manual
52 VMware, Inc.
Ifyouspecifymorethanonevalue,useacommatoseparatethevalues.For
example,REMOVE=Authd,NAT.
Youcancustomizetheinstallationfurtherbyaddinganyofthefollowing
installationpropertiestothecommandusingtheformat<property>="<value>".
Avalueof1meanstrue.Avalueof0meansfalse.Ifyouusetheserialnumber
property,entertheserialnumberwithhyphens(xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx).
Tosetupthisconfiguration,createfourvirtualmachinesandusethevirtualmachine
settingseditortoadjustthesettingsfortheirvirtualEthernetadapters.Youalsoneed
toinstalltheappropriateguestoperatingsystemsandapplicationsoftwareineach
virtualmachineandmaketheappropriatenetworkingsettingsineachvirtualmachine.
To set up a virtual network that connects to an external network
1 SetupfourvirtualmachinesusingtheNewVirtualMachinewizard:
a Toopenthiswizard,chooseFile>New>VirtualMachine.
b Createthefirstvirtualmachinewithbridgednetworkingsoitcanconnectto
anexternalnetworkbyusingthehostcomputersEthernetadapter.
c Createtheotherthreevirtualmachineswithoutnetworking.
YouwillsetuptheirvirtualEthernetadaptersinlatersteps.
YouwillnotinstalltheoperatingsystemsuntilStep 7.
Host's
Ethernet
adapter
Virtual machine 4
Internal PC
Virtual machine 2
Web server
Virtual
Ethernet
adapter
Virtual
Ethernet
adapter
Virtual
Ethernet
adapter
Virtual
Ethernet
adapter
Virtual
Ethernet
adapter
Virtual
Ethernet
adapter
Virtual machine 3
Firewall
Bridge
Virtual
Ethernet switch
(VMnet0)
Virtual
Ethernet switch
(VMnet2)
Virtual
Ethernet switch
(VMnet3)
Virtual machine 1
Firewall
Virtual bridge
Workstation Users Manual
282 VMware, Inc.
2 Configurenetworksettingsforthefirstvirtualmachine:
a Openvirtualmachine1,butdonotpoweriton.
b Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetwork
adapter.
SeeAddingandModifyingVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 284.
c ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
3 Configurenetworksettingsforthesecondvirtualmachine,asfollows:
a Openvirtualmachine2,butdonotpoweriton.
b Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter.
SeeAddingandModifyingVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 284.
c ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
4 Configurenetworksettingsforthethirdvirtualmachine,asfollows:
a Openvirtualmachine3,butdonotpoweriton.
b Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter.
SeeAddingandModifyingVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 284.
c ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet2).
d Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddasecondvirtualnetwork
adapter.
e ConnecttheadaptertoCustom(VMnet3).
5 Configurenetworksettingsforthefourthvirtualmachine,asfollows:
a Openvirtualmachine4,butdonotpoweriton.
b Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoaddavirtualnetworkadapter.
SeeAddingandModifyingVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 284.
c ConnectthesecondadaptertoCustom(VMnet3).
VMware, Inc. 283
Chapter 13 Configuring a Virtual Network
6 DeterminethenetworkaddressesusedforVMnet2andVMnet3:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrun:
ipconfig /all
Notethenetworkaddressesusedbyeachvirtualadapter.
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrun:
ifconfig
Notethenetworkaddressesusedbyeachvirtualswitch.
7 Poweroneachvirtualmachineinturnandinstalltheappropriateguestoperating
system.
8 Configurethenetworkingineachguestoperatingsystem:
Machine1ForthebridgedEthernetadapterinvirtualmachine1,usethe
networkingsettingsneededforaconnectiontotheexternalnetwork.Ifthe
virtualmachinegetsitsIPaddressfromaDHCPserverontheexternal
network,thedefaultsettingsshouldwork.
ForthesecondEthernetadapterinvirtualmachine1,manuallyassignanIP
addressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2.
Machine2AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet2.
Machine3NetworkadaptersareconnectedtoVMnet2andVMnet3.Assign
eachadapteranIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwiththevirtualnetwork
towhichitisconnected.
Machine4AssignanIPaddressintherangeyouareusingwithVMnet3.
9 Installthenecessaryapplicationsoftwareineachvirtualmachine.
NOTEOnaWindowshost,forStep 8,youarenotrequiredtoconfigurenetwork
addressesmanually.YoucaninsteaduseWorkstationsDHCPserver.Fromthe
Workstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings>DHCPandadd
VMnet2andVMnet3tothelistofvirtualnetworksservedbythevirtualDHCP
server.
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284 VMware, Inc.
Changing a Networking Configuration
Thissectiondescribeshowyoucanusethevirtualmachinesettingseditortoadd
virtualEthernetadapterstoyourvirtualmachineandchangetheconfigurationof
existingadapters.
Adding and Modifying Virtual Network Adapters
ThissectionincludesinstructionsforaddingandmodifyingvirtualEthernetadapters.
To add a new virtual Ethernet adapter
1 Poweroffthevirtualmachinetowhichyouwanttoaddtheadapter.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 OntheHardwaretab,clickAdd.
TheAddHardwarewizardstarts.
4 SelectEthernetAdapterandclickNext.
5 Selectthenetworktypeyouwanttouse.IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnet
networkyouwanttousefromthedropdownlist.
6 ClickFinish.Thenewadapterisadded.
7 ClickOKtosaveyourconfigurationandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
To change the configuration of an existing virtual network adapter
1 Selectthevirtualmachine.
Thevirtualmachinecanbeeitherpoweredonorpoweredoff.
2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Settings.
3 OntheHardwaretab,selecttheadapteryouwanttomodify.
4 Selectthenetworktypeyouwanttouse.
IfyouselectCustom,choosetheVMnetvirtualnetworkyouwanttouseforthe
networkfromthedropdownlist.
NOTEAlthoughVMnet0,VMnet1,andVMnet8aretechnicallyavailableinthis
list,theyarenormallyusedforbridged,hostonly,andNATconfigurations,
respectively.Specialstepsarerequiredtomakethemavailableforuseincustom
configurations.Youshouldchooseoneoftheotherswitches.
VMware, Inc. 285
Chapter 13 Configuring a Virtual Network
5 ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
6 BesuretheguestoperatingsystemisconfiguredtouseanappropriateIPaddress
onthenewnetwork.
IftheguestisusingDHCP,releaseandrenewthelease.IftheIPaddressisset
statically,besuretheguesthasanaddressonthecorrectvirtualnetwork.
Configuring Bridged Networking Options on a Windows Host
OnaWindowshost,usethevirtualnetworkeditortoconfigurebridgednetworking.
(ThevirtualnetworkeditorisnotavailableonaLinuxhost.)Youcan:
Viewandchangethesettingsforbridgednetworkingonyourhost.SeeTo
configureVMnet0bridgednetworkingonpage 285.
Determinewhichnetworkadaptersonyourhosttouseforbridgednetworking,as
describedinTodesignateaphysicalEthernetadaptertobridgetocustomvirtual
switchesonpage 286andToaddorremoveahostEthernetadapterfromthelist
ofexcludedadaptersonpage 286.
Mapspecificnetworkadapterstospecificvirtualnetworks,calledVMnets,as
describedinTomakechangestothesubnetortheDHCPsettingsforavirtual
networkonpage 287.
Thechangesyoumaketobridgednetworkingaffectallvirtualmachinesusingbridged
networkingonthehost.
To configure VMnet0 bridged networking
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings.
Thevirtualnetworkeditorappears,withtheSummarytabactive.
Bydefault,theVMnet0virtualnetworkissetupinbridgedmodeandbridgesto
oneoftheactiveEthernetadaptersonthehostcomputer.
2 ClicktheAutomaticBridgingtab,andselectthecheckboxforAutomatically
chooseanavailablephysicaladapter.
OnhostsystemswithmorethanonephysicalEthernetadapterinstalled,thechoice
ofwhichadapterWorkstationusesisarbitrary.Ifyouwanttoplacerestrictionson
thechoice,seetheprocedurefollowingthisone,whichiscalledToaddorremove
ahostEthernetadapterfromthelistofexcludedadapters.
3 ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
ThefollowingprocedureenablesyoutoexcludeahostEthernetadapterfromthelistof
adaptersWorkstationusesforautomaticbridgednetworkingonVMnet0.
Workstation Users Manual
286 VMware, Inc.
To add or remove a host Ethernet adapter from the list of excluded adapters
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings.
2 ClicktheAutomaticBridgingtab.
3 IntheExcludedadapterssection,dooneofthefollowing,asappropriate:
Toremoveanadapter,selecttheadapterandclickRemove.
Toaddanadapter,clickAdd.IntheAddExcludedAdaptersdialogbox,select
thelistingfortheadapteryouwanttoaddandclickOK.
4 ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
To designate a physical Ethernet adapter to bridge to custom virtual switches
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings.
2 ClicktheHostVirtualNetworkMappingtab.
3 Chooseanadapterfromthedropdownlistbesidethenameofthevirtualswitch
youwanttouse.
YoucancreateacustombridgednetworkonvirtualswitchesVMnet2toVMnet7.
OnWindows,youcanalsouseVMnet9.OnLinux,youcanalsouseVMnet10
throughVMnet255.
4 ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
CAUTIONBecarefulwhenyouchangethebridgedadaptermappings.Ifyou
reassignaphysicalEthernetadaptertoadifferentvirtualnetwork,anyvirtual
machineusingtheoriginalnetworklosesitsnetworkconnectivitythroughthat
network.Youmustthenchangethesettingforeachaffectedvirtualmachines
networkadapterindividually.
ThiscanbeespeciallytroublesomeifyourhosthasonlyonephysicalEthernet
adapterandyoureassignittoaVMnetotherthanVMnet0.Inthiscase,even
thoughtheVMnetstillappearstobebridgedtoanautomaticallychosenadapter,
theonlyadapteritcanusehasbeenassignedtoanotherVMnet.
VMware, Inc. 287
Chapter 13 Configuring a Virtual Network
To make changes to the subnet or the DHCP settings for a virtual network
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings.
2 ClicktheHostVirtualNetworkMappingtab.
3 Clickthebuttonontherightthatcorrespondstothevirtualnetworkyouwantto
configure.
4 ChooseSubnetorDHCP:
IntheSubnetdialogbox,youcanchangethesubnetsIPaddressandthe
subnetmask.
Theaddressshouldspecifyavalidnetworkaddressthatissuitableforuse
withthesubnetmask.
Thedefaultsubnetmaskis255.255.255.0(aclassCnetwork).Typically,this
meansyoushouldmodifyonlythethirdnumberintheIPaddressfor
example,xin192.168.x.0or172.16.x.0.Ingeneral,youshouldnotchangethe
Workstation Users Manual
288 VMware, Inc.
subnetmask.Certainvirtualnetworkservicesmightnotworkaswellwitha
customizedsubnetmask.
Whenyoumodifythenetworkaddressorsubnetmask,Workstation
automaticallyupdatestheIPaddresssettingsforothercomponentssuchas
DHCP,NAT,andhostvirtualadapterifthedefaultsettingshaveneverbeen
changed.ThespecificsettingsthatareautomaticallyupdatedincludeDHCP
leaserange,DHCPserveraddress,NATgatewayaddress,andhostvirtual
adapterIPaddress.
However,ifyouhavechangedanyofthesesettingsfromitsdefaultvalue,
Workstationdoesnotupdatethatsettingautomatically.Workstation
presumesthatcustomsettingsarenottobemodified.Thisisthecaseevenif
youlaterchangedthesettingbacktothedefault.
IntheDHCPsettingsdialogbox,youcanchangetherangeofIPaddresses
providedbytheWorkstationDHCPserveronaparticularvirtualnetwork.
YoucanalsousethisdialogboxtosetthedurationofDHCPleasesprovided
toclientsonthevirtualnetwork.
5 ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
VMware, Inc. 289
Chapter 13 Configuring a Virtual Network
Enabling, Disabling, Adding, and Removing Host Virtual
Adapters
WhenyouinstallWorkstation,twonetworkadaptersareaddedtotheconfigurationof
yourhostoperatingsystem.Oneallowsthehosttoconnecttothehostonlynetwork,
andoneallowsthehosttoconnecttotheNATnetwork.
Ifyouarenotusingavirtualnetworkadapter,youcanremoveit.OnaWindowshost,
youcanalsodisableanadapter.
Thepresenceofvirtualnetworkadaptershasaslightperformancecost,because
broadcastpacketsmustgototheextraadapters.OnWindowsnetworks,browsingyour
networkmightbeslowerthanusual.Andinsomecases,theseadaptersinteractwith
thehostcomputersnetworkingconfigurationinundesirableways.
To enable or disable a host virtual adapter on a Windows host
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings.
2 ClicktheHostVirtualAdapterstab.
3 Selecttheadapteryouwanttoenableordisable.
4 ClickDisableorEnable,asappropriate.
5 ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
To add or remove a host virtual adapter on a Windows host
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings.
2 ClicktheHostVirtualAdapterstab.
3 Toaddanadapter,dothefollowing:
a ClickAdd.
b IntheAddNetworkAdapterdialogbox,choosethevirtualnetworkonwhich
youwanttousetheadapterandclickOK.
4 Toremoveanadapter,selecttheadapteryouwanttoremoveandclickRemove.
5 ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
Workstation Users Manual
290 VMware, Inc.
To remove a host virtual adapter from a Linux host
1 Inaterminalwindow,becomeroot(su -)andruntheWorkstationconfiguration
program.
vmware-config.pl
2 Respondtothefollowingquestion:
Do you want networking for your Virtual Machines? (yes/no/help) [yes]
Enteryesifyoustillwanttouseanynetworkinginyourvirtualmachines,and
continuetothenextquestion.
Otherwise,enternotoremoveallnetworking.
3 Ifyouenteryes,whenyoureceivethefollowingprompt,entereditor.
Thisistheonlywaytodeletevirtualnetworkadapterswithoutremovingallof
them.
Would you prefer to modify your existing networking configuration using
the wizard or the editor? (wizard/editor/help) [wizard] editor
Afteryouentereditor,youwillseealistofvirtualnetworksthathavebeen
configured.
4 Selectthenetworkcorrespondingtotheadapteryouwanttodisable.
The following virtual networks have been defined:
. vmnet0 is bridged to eth0
. vmnet1 is a host-only network on subnet 172.16.155.0.
. vmnet8 is NAT network on a private subnet 172.16.107.0.
Which virtual network do you wish to configure? (0-99) 1
5 Ifyoureceivetheapromptsimilartothefollowing,enteryes:
The network vmnet1 has been reserved for a host-only network. You may
change it, but it is highly recommended that you use it as a host-only
network. Are you sure you want to modify it? (yes/no) [no] yes
6 Whenyoureceivetheapromptsimilartothefollowing,enternone,andthevirtual
networkwillberemoved.
What type of virtual network do you wish to set vmnet1?
(bridged,hostonly,nat,none) [hostonly] none
VMware, Inc. 291
Chapter 13 Configuring a Virtual Network
Advanced Networking Topics
Thissectionincludesthefollowingnetworkingtopics:
SelectingIPAddressesonaHostOnlyNetworkorNATConfigurationon
page 291
AvoidingIPPacketLeakageinaHostOnlyNetworkonpage 293
MaintainingandChangingtheMACAddressofaVirtualMachineonpage 296
ControllingRoutingInformationforaHostOnlyNetworkonLinuxonpage 297
PotentialIssueswithHostOnlyNetworkingonLinuxonpage 298
SettingUpaSecondBridgedNetworkInterfaceonaLinuxHostonpage 299
SettingUpTwoSeparateHostOnlyNetworksonpage 300
RoutingBetweenTwoHostOnlyNetworksonpage 304
UsingVirtualEthernetAdaptersinPromiscuousModeonaLinuxHoston
page 305
Selecting IP Addresses on a Host-Only Network or NAT
Configuration
Thehostandallvirtualmachinesconfiguredforhostonlynetworkingareconnected
tothenetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Typically,allthepartiesonthisnetworkuse
theTCP/IPprotocolsuite,althoughothercommunicationprotocolscanbeused.
Anetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)configurationalsosetsupakindofprivate
network,whichmustbeaTCP/IPnetwork.ThevirtualmachinesconfiguredforNAT
areconnectedtothatnetworkthroughavirtualswitch.Thehostcomputerisalso
connectedtotheprivatenetworkusedforNATbyahostvirtualadapter.
Eachvirtualmachineandthehostmustbeassignedaddressesontheprivatenetwork.
ThisistypicallydoneusingtheDHCPserverthatcomeswithWorkstation.Thisserver
doesnotservicevirtual(orphysical)machinesresidingonbridgednetworks.
Addressescanalsobeassignedstaticallyfromapoolofaddressesthatarenotassigned
bytheDHCPserver.
How the Subnet Number Is Assigned
WhenhostonlynetworkingisenabledatthetimeWorkstationisinstalled,thenetwork
numbertouseforthevirtualnetworkisautomaticallyselectedasanunusedprivateIP
networknumber.ANATconfigurationalsousesanunusedprivatenetwork
automaticallyselectedwhenyouinstallWorkstation.
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TofindoutwhichnetworkisusedonaWindowshost,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,
chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettingsandcheckthesubnetnumberassociatedwith
thevirtualnetwork(ontheSummarytab).OnaLinuxhost,runifconfigina
terminal.
Determining Whether to Use DHCP or Statically Assign Addresses
UsingDHCPtoassignIPaddressesissimplerandmoreautomaticthanstatically
assigningthem.MostWindowsoperatingsystems,forexample,comepreconfiguredto
useDHCPatboottime,soWindowsvirtualmachinescanconnecttothenetworkthe
firsttimetheyarebooted,withoutadditionalconfiguration.Ifyouwantyourvirtual
machinestocommunicatewitheachotherusingnamesinsteadofIPaddresses,
however,youmustsetupanamingconvention,anameserverontheprivatenetwork,
orboth.InthatcaseitmightbesimplertousestaticIPaddresses.
Ingeneral,ifyouhavevirtualmachinesyouintendtousefrequentlyorforextended
periodsoftime,itisprobablymostconvenienttoassignthemstaticIPaddressesor
configuretheVMwareDHCPservertoalwaysassignthesameIPaddresstoeachof
thesevirtualmachines.
Configuring the DHCP Server on a Linux Host
OnaLinuxhost,youconfigurethehostonlyDHCPserverbyeditingtheDHCP
configurationfileforVMnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcp/dhcp.conf).Toconfigure
theDHCPserverfortheNATnetwork,edittheconfigurationfileforVMnet8
(/etc/vmware/vmnet8/dhcp/dhcp.conf).Beaware,however,thatwhenyou
configureWorkstationbyrunningthevmware-config.plfile,alleditsmadetothe
*.dhcp.conffilesarelost.
EditingtheDHCPserverconfigurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtained
directlyfromtheDHCPserverdocumentation.Consultthemanualpagesdhcpd(8)
anddhcpd.conf(8).
Configuring the DHCP Server on a Windows Host
OnaWindowshost,usethevirtualnetworkeditortoconfiguretheDHCPserver.
To configure a DHCP server on Windows
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings.
2 ClicktheDHCPtab.
3 Selectthevirtualnetworkforwhichyouwanttochangesettingsandclick
Properties.
4 IntheDHCPSettingsdialogboxthatappears,makechangesandclickOK.
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DHCP Conventions for Assigning IP Addresses
Forvirtualmachinesthatyoudonotexpecttokeepforlong,useDHCPandletit
allocateanIPaddress.
ForeachhostonlyorNATnetwork,theavailableIPaddressesaresplitupusingthe
conventionsshowninTable 131andTable 132,where<net>isthenetworknumber
assignedtoyourhostonlyorNATnetwork.WorkstationalwaysusesaClassCaddress
forhostonlyandNATnetworks.
Avoiding IP Packet Leakage in a Host-Only Network
Bydesign,eachhostonlynetworkshouldbeconfinedtothehostmachineonwhichit
issetup.Thatis,nopacketssentbyvirtualmachinesonthisnetworkshouldleakout
toaphysicalnetworkattachedtothehost.Packetleakagecanoccuronlyifamachine
activelyforwardspackets.Itispossibleforthehostmachineoranyvirtualmachine
runningonthehostonlynetworktobeconfiguredinawaythatpermitspacket
leakage.
Table 13-1. Address Use on a Host-Only Network
Range Address Use Example
<net>.1 Hostmachine 192.168.0.1
<net>.2<net>.127 Staticaddresses 192.168.0.2192.168.0.127
<net>.128<net>.253 DHCPassigned 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253
<net>.254 DHCPserver 192.168.0.254
<net>.255 Broadcasting 192.168.0.255
Table 13-2. Address Use on a NAT Network
Range Address Use Example
<net>.1 Hostmachine 192.168.0.1
<net>.2 NATdevice 192.168.0.2
<net>.3<net>.127 Staticaddresses 192.168.0.3192.168.0.127
<net>.128<net>.253 DHCPassigned 192.168.0.128192.168.0.253
<net>.254 DHCPserver 192.168.0.254
<net>.255 Broadcasting 192.168.0.255
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Windows Hosts
SystemsusingserverversionsofWindowsoperatingsystemsarecapableof
forwardingIPpacketsthatarenotaddressedtothem.Bydefault,however,these
systemsandWindowsVistasystemscomewithIPpacketforwardingdisabled.IP
forwardingisnotanissueonWindows2000Professional,WindowsXPProfessional,
orWindowsXPHomeEditionhosts.
IfyoufindpacketsleakingoutofahostonlynetworkonaWindowshostcomputer,
checktoseeifforwardinghasbeenenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitisenabled,disable
it.
To determine whether packet forwarding is enabled and to turn it off
Dooneofthefollowing:
StoptheRoutingandRemoteAccessservice,asfollows:
a ChooseStart>Run,andthenenterservices.mscintheRundialogbox.
b IntheServiceswindowthatappears,disabletheRoutingandRemoteAccess
service.
UseWindowsAdministrativeToolstodisableroutingandremoteaccess,as
follows:
a OnaWindows2000orWindows2003Serverhost,choose
Start>Programs>AdministrativeTools>RoutingandRemoteAccess.
Aniconontheleftislabeledwiththehostname.Ifagreendotappearsover
theicon,IPforwardingisturnedon.
b ToturnoffIPforwarding,rightclicktheiconanddisableRoutingand
RemoteAccess.
Areddotappears,indicatingthatIPforwardingisdisabled.
Windows2000ProfessionalUsers:TheWindows2000AdministrativeToolsarenot
installedonaWindows2000Professionalsystem.However,youcaninstallthesetools
fromaWindows2000ServerorWindows2000AdvancedServerCDROM.
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To install Windows 2000 Administrative Tools on a local computer
1 Openthei386folderontheapplicableWindows2000Serverdisc.
2 Doubleclicktheadminpak.msifile,andfollowtheinstructionsthatappearinthe
Windows2000AdministrativeToolsSetupwizard.
3 AfterWindows2000AdministrativeToolsareinstalled,youcanaccessmostofthe
serveradministrativetoolsbychoosingStart>Programs>AdministrativeTools.
Linux Hosts
IfyoufindpacketsleakingoutofahostonlynetworkonaLinuxhostcomputer,see
whetherforwardinghasmistakenlybeenenabledonthehostmachine.Ifitisenabled,
disableit.
To determine whether packet forwarding is enabled
DependingonwhichtypeofLinuxsystemyouhave,useoneofthefollowingmethods:
Disableforwardingbywritinga0(zero)tothespecialfile
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward.Asroot(su-),enterthiscommand:
echo "0" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
UseaconfigurationoptionthatisappropriateforyourLinuxdistribution.For
example,youmightuseacontrolpanel,specifyasettingatthetimeyoucompile
yourkernel,orpossiblyenteraspecificationwhenyoubootyoursystem.Consult
youroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonthemethodtousewithyour
particulardistribution.
Using Filtering
Ifthehostcomputerhasmultiplenetworkadapters,itmightbeintentionally
configuredtodoIPforwarding.Ifthatisthecase,youdonotwanttodisable
forwarding.Toavoidpacketleakage,youmustenableapacketfilteringfacilityand
specifythatpacketsfromthehostonlynetworkshouldnotbesentoutsidethehost
computer.Consultyouroperatingsystemdocumentationfordetailsonhowto
configurepacketfiltering.
Leaks from a Virtual Machine
Virtualmachinesmightleakpackets,aswell.Forexample,ifyouusedialup
networkingsupportinavirtualmachineandpacketforwardingisenabled,hostonly
networktrafficmightleakoutthroughthedialupconnection.
Topreventtheleakage,besurepacketforwardingisdisabledinyourguestoperating
system.
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Maintaining and Changing the MAC Address of a Virtual
Machine
Whenavirtualmachineispoweredon,Workstationassignseachofitsvirtualnetwork
adaptersanEthernetMAC(mediaaccesscontrol)address.AMACaddressisthe
uniqueaddressassignedtoeachEthernetnetworkdevice.
ThesoftwareguaranteesthatvirtualmachinesareassigneduniqueMACaddresses
withinagivenhostsystem.ThevirtualmachineisassignedthesameMACaddress
everytimeitispoweredonifbothofthefollowingconditionsaretrue:
Thevirtualmachineisnotmoved.Thatis,thepathnameandfilenameforthe
virtualmachinesconfigurationfileremainthesame.
Nochangesaremadetocertainsettingsintheconfigurationfile.
Inaddition,Workstationdoesitsbest,butcannotguarantee,toautomaticallyassign
uniqueMACaddressesforvirtualmachinesthatrunonmultiplehostsystems.
Avoiding MAC Changes
ToavoidchangesintheMACaddressautomaticallyassignedtoavirtualmachine,do
notmovethevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile.Movingittoadifferenthost
computerorevenmovingittoadifferentlocationonthesamehostcomputerchanges
theMACaddress.
Alsodonotchangecertainsettingsinthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.If
youneveredittheconfigurationfilebyhandanddonotremovethevirtualEthernet
adapter,thesesettingsremainunchanged.Ifyoudoedittheconfigurationfilebyhand,
donotremoveorchangethefollowingoptions:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress
ethernet[n].addressType
ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
uuid.location
uuid.bios
ethernet[n].present
Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualEthernetadapter,forexample0.
NOTETopreserveavirtualEthernetadaptersMACaddress,youalsomustbecareful
nottoremovetheadapter.Ifyouremovetheadapterbutlaterrecreateit,theadapter
mightreceiveadifferentMACaddress.
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Manually Assigning a MAC Address
ToguaranteethatthesameMACaddressisassignedtoagivenvirtualmachineevery
timeyoupoweriton,evenifthevirtualmachineismoved,orifyouwanttoguarantee
auniqueMACaddressforeachvirtualmachinewithinanetworkedenvironment,you
canassigntheaddressmanuallyinsteadofallowingWorkstationtoassignit.
ToassignthesameuniqueMACaddresstoanyvirtualmachinemanually,useatext
editortoremovethreelinesfromtheconfigurationfileandaddoneline.The
configurationfilehasa.vmxextensionattheendofthefilename.OnaLinuxhost,a
virtualmachinecreatedwithanearlierVMwareproductmighthaveaconfiguration
filewitha.cfgextension.
Removethethreelinesthatbeginwiththefollowingfromtheconfigurationfile:
ethernet[n].generatedAddress
ethernet[n].addressType
ethernet[n].generatedAddressOffset
Intheseoptions,[n]isthenumberofthevirtualEthernetadapter,forexample,
ethernet0.
Addthefollowinglinetotheconfigurationfile:
ethernet[n].address = 00:50:56:XX:YY:ZZ
Inthisline,thefourthpairofnumbers,XX,mustbeavalidhexadecimalnumber
between00hand3Fh,andYYandZZmustbevalidhexadecimalnumbersbetween00h
andFFh.BecauseWorkstationvirtualmachinesdonotsupportarbitraryMAC
addresses,youmustusetheaboveformat.PlacethislineabovetheUUIDlinesinthe
file.
IfyouchooseavalueforXX:YY:ZZthatisuniqueamongyourhardcodedaddresses,
conflictsbetweentheautomaticallyassignedMACaddressesandthemanually
assignedaddressesshouldneveroccur.
Controlling Routing Information for a Host-Only Network on
Linux
Ahostonlynetworkisafullfledgednetwork.Ithasanetworkinterfaceassociated
withit(VMnet1)thatismarkedupatthetimethehostoperatingsystemisbooted.
Consequently,routingserverprocessesthatoperateonthehostoperatingsystem,such
asroutedandgated,automaticallydiscoveritandpropagateinformationonhowto
reachitunlessyouexplicitlyconfigurethemnottodoso.
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Ifeitheroftheseprogramsisbeingrunonlytoreceiveroutinginformation,theeasiest
solutionistorunitwitha-qoptionsothatitdoesnotsupplyroutinginformationbut
onlyreceivesit.
If,however,routingservicesarerunningbecausetheyaretosupplyrouting
information,youneedtoconfigurethemsotheydonotadvertiseroutestothe
hostonlynetwork.
TheversionofroutedthatcomeswithmanydistributionsofLinuxhasnosupportfor
specifyingthataninterfaceshouldnotbeadvertised.Consulttherouted(8)manual
pageforyoursystemincaseyouhaveamorecontemporaryversionofthesoftware.
Forgated,configurationisinvolved.YouneedtoexplicitlyexcludetheVMnet1
interfacefromanyprotocolactivity.Ifyouneedtorunvirtualmachinesonahostonly
networkonamultihomedsystemwheregatedisusedandhaveproblemsdoingso,
pleasecontactVMwaretechnicalsupportbysubmittingasupportrequestat
www.vmware.com/requestsupport.
Potential Issues with Host-Only Networking on Linux
Thefollowingarecommonissuesyoumightencounterwhenyouareconfiguringa
hostonlynetwork.
DHCPD on the Linux Host Does Not Work After Installing Workstation
IfyouwererunningtheDHCPserverprogramdhcpdonyourmachinebefore
installingWorkstation,itprobablywasconfiguredtorespondtoDHCPrequestsfrom
clientsonanynetworkinterfacepresentonthemachine.Whenhostonlynetworking
isconfigured,anadditionalnetworkinterface,VMnet1,ismarkedupandavailable
foruse,anddhcpdmightnoticethis.
Insuchcases,somedhcpdimplementationsabortiftheirconfigurationfilesdonot
includeasubnetspecificationfortheinterfaceevenifdhcpdisnotsupposedto
respondtomessagesthatarrivethroughtheinterface.
Thebestsolutionistoaddalineinthefollowingformattothedhcpdconfigurationfile:
subnet <net>.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {}
<net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourhostonlynetworkforexample,
192.168.0.Thislineintheconfigurationfileinformsdhcpdaboutthehostonlynetwork
andtellsitexplicitlynottorespondtoanyDHCPrequestsitseescomingfromit.
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Analternativesolutionistoexplicitlystatethesetofnetworkinterfacesthatyouwant
dhcpdtolistentoeachtimeyoustarttheprogram.Forexample,ifyourmachinehas
oneEthernetinterface,eth0,eachtimeyoustartdhcpd,listitonthecommandline:
dhcpd eth0
Thiskeepsdhcpdfromprobingforallavailablenetworkinterfaces.
IfthesesolutionsdonotworkforyourDHCPserverprogram,itisprobablyanold
DHCPserver.YoucantryupgradingtoamorecurrentversionsuchastheDHCP
softwareavailablefromtheISC(www.isc.org).
DHCP and Dynamic Domain Name Service (DDNS)
UseDHCPtosupplyIPaddressesaswellasotherinformation,suchastheidentityof
ahostrunninganameserverandthenearestrouterorgateway.TheDHCPserverin
Workstationdoesnotprovideameanstodynamicallyestablisharelationshipbetween
theIPaddressitassignsandaclientsname(thatis,toupdateaDNSserverusing
DDNS).
Tousenamestocommunicatewithothervirtualmachinesyoumusteithereditthe
DHCPconfigurationfileforVMnet1(/etc/vmware/vmnet1/dhcpd/dhcpd.conf)or
useIPaddressesthatarestaticallyboundtoahostname.EditingtheDHCPserver
configurationfilerequiresinformationthatisbestobtaineddirectlyfromtheDHCP
serverdocumentation.Consultthemanualpagesdhcpd(8)anddhcpd.conf(8).Also
beawarethateditstothisfilearelostthenexttimeyouconfigureWorkstationby
runningthevmware-config.plfile.
Setting Up a Second Bridged Network Interface on a Linux Host
IfyouhavetwoEthernetadaptersinstalledonyourhostcomputer,connectedtotwo
differentnetworks,youmightwantyourvirtualmachinesonthathostcomputerto
bridgetobothEthernetadapterssothevirtualmachinescanaccesseitherorboth
physicalnetworks.
WhenyouinstallWorkstationonahostcomputerwithmultipleEthernetadapters,you
canconfiguremorethanonebridgednetwork.Youcanalsoconfigureadditional
bridgednetworksatanytimebyrerunningvmware-config.pl.
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To bridge networks by running vmware-config.pl
1 Onthehostcomputer,becomeroot(su -)andruntheWorkstationconfiguration
program:
vmware-config.pl
2 IfyouhavemorethanonephysicalEthernetadapter,enteryesatthefollowing
prompt:
The following bridged networks have been defined:
. vmnet0 is bridged to eth0
Do you wish to configure another bridged network? (yes/no) [no]
IfyouhaveadditionalphysicalEthernetadaptersnotyetconnectedtoabridged
network,thepromptisrepeated,showinginformationaboutallcurrently
configuredbridgednetworks.
3 Whenyouhavesetupallthebridgednetworksyouwant,enterno.
Setting Up Two Separate Host-Only Networks
Forsomeconfigurations,youmightneedtosetupmorethanonehostonlynetworkon
thesamehostcomputer.Youmight,forexample,wanttohavetwovirtualmachines
connectedtoonehostonlynetwork,andatthesametimehaveothervirtualmachines
connectedtoanotherhostonlynetworksothenetworktrafficoneachnetworkis
isolated.
Oryoumightwanttotestroutingbetweentwovirtualnetworks.Oryoumightwantto
testavirtualmachinewithmultiplenetworkinterfacecards,withoutusingany
physicalEthernetadapters.
OnWindowshosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupautomaticallywhenyouinstall
Workstation.
OnLinuxhosts,thefirsthostonlynetworkissetupwhenyourunthe
vmware-config.plprogramafteryouinstallWorkstation,providedyouagreeto
installhostonlynetworking.Ifyoudidnotagreetousehostonlynetworking,you
needtoruntheprogramagaintosetuphostonlynetworking.Forinstructions,see
ConfiguringWorkstationwithvmwareconfig.plonpage 54.
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Adding a Second Host-Only Network
Tosetupthesecondhostonlynetwork,useoneofthefollowingprocedures.
To set up the second host-only interface on a Windows host
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings.
2 OntheHostVirtualAdapterstab,clickAdd.
3 ChoosethevirtualnetworkonwhichyouwanttousetheadapterandclickOK.
4 ClickOKtoclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
To set up the second host-only interface on a Linux host
1 Asroot(su),runtheWorkstationconfigurationprogram:
/usr/bin/vmware-config.pl
2 Whenyouseethefollowingprompt,enteryes:
Do you want to be able to use host-only networking in your virtual
machines?
Thewizardreportsonhostonlynetworksthatyouhavealreadysetuponthehost
or,ifnoneispresent,configuresthefirsthostonlynetwork.
3 Whenyouseethefollowingprompt,enteryes:
Do you wish to configure another host-only network?
Repeatthisstepuntilyouhaveasmanyhostonlynetworksasyouwant,andthen
enterno.
4 Completetheremainingstepsinthewizard.Whenitisfinished,itrestartsall
servicesusedbyWorkstation.
5 Runifconfig.
Atleastfournetworkinterfacesappear:eth0,lo,vmnet1,andvmnet2.IftheVMnet
interfacesdonotshowupimmediately,waitforaminute,andrunthecommand
again.ThesefourinterfacesshouldhavedifferentIPaddressesonseparate
subnets.
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Configuring the Virtual Machines
Nowyouhavetwohostonlyinterfaces(VMnet1andVMnet2).Youarereadytosetup
yourvirtualmachinesforoneofthefollowingconfigurations:
Configuration1ThevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualEthernet
adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface
(VMnet1).Tousethisconfiguration,seeTouseconfiguration1or2onpage 302.
Configuration2ThevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithonevirtualEthernet
adapter,andthatvirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly
interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeTouseconfiguration1or2on
page 302.
Configuration3ThevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithtwovirtualEthernet
adapters.Onevirtualadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface
(VMnet1)andtheothervirtualadapterisconnectedtothenewlycreatedhostonly
interface(VMnet2).Tousethisconfiguration,seeTouseconfiguration3connect
totwohostonlyinterfacesonpage 303.
To use configuration 1 or 2
1 Selectthevirtualmachine.
Itcanbeeitherpoweredofforpoweredon.
2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 OntheHardwaretab,selectEthernet.
4 IntheNetworkConnectionsection,dooneofthefollowing:
Toconnecttothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1),selectHostonly.
Toconnecttothenewlycreatedhostonlyinterface,selectCustom,andchoose
VMnet2(Hostonly)fromthedropdownlistontheright.
Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,addone,asdescribedin
AddingandModifyingVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 284.
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To use configuration 3 connect to two host-only interfaces
1 Selectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 OntheHardwaretab,selectEthernet.
4 Connectthetwoadapters,asfollows:
a Selectthefirstnetworkadapterinthelistofdevices,andintheNetwork
Connectionsection,selectHostonly.
Thisadapterisconnectedtothedefaulthostonlyinterface(VMnet1),
b Selectthesecondnetworkadapterinthelist,andintheNetworkConnection
section,selectCustomandchooseVMnet2(Hostonly)fromthedropdown
list.
Ifnonetworkadapterisshowninthelistofdevices,addone,asdescribedin
AddingandModifyingVirtualNetworkAdaptersonpage 284.
To finish configuring the adapters
1 Poweronthevirtualmachineandinstallyourguestoperatingsystem.
Inconfigurations1and2,youseeoneEthernetadapter.Inconfiguration3,yousee
twoEthernetadapterswithintheguest.
2 ConfiguretheEthernetadaptersasyouwouldphysicaladaptersonaphysical
computer,givingeachanIPaddressontheappropriateVMnetsubnet.
ToseewhatIPaddressahostonlynetworkisusing:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrun:
ipconfig /all
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrun:
ifconfig
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Routing Between Two Host-Only Networks
Ifyouaresettingupacomplextestnetworkthatusesvirtualmachines,youmightwant
tohavetwoindependenthostonlynetworkswitharouterbetweenthem.
Therearetwobasicapproaches.Inone,theroutersoftwarerunsonthehostcomputer.
Intheother,theroutersoftwarerunsinitsownvirtualmachine.Inbothcases,youneed
twohostonlyinterfaces.
Theexamplesdescribedhereoutlinethesimplestcase,withonevirtualmachineon
eachofthehostonlynetworks.Formorecomplexconfigurations,youcanaddmore
virtualmachinesandhostonlynetworks,asappropriate.
To set up routing between two host-only networks
1 Setuptheconnectiontothefirst(default)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedinTo
useconfiguration1or2onpage 302.
2 Setuptheconnectiontothesecond(VMnet2)hostonlyinterface,asdescribedin
Touseconfiguration1or2onpage 302.
3 Ifyouplantoruntheroutersoftwareonavirtualmachine,setupathirdvirtual
machinewithconnectionstothetwohostonlyinterfaces,asdescribedinTouse
configuration3connecttotwohostonlyinterfacesonpage 303.
Toruntheroutersoftwareonyourhostcomputer,skipthisstep.
Therestofthestepsinthisproceduredescribehowtoconfigurethevirtual
machinestousestaticIPaddresses.
4 StoptheVMnetDHCPserverservice:
OnaWindowshost,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Virtual
NetworkSettings>DHCP,selecttheserviceandclickStop.
OnaLinuxhost,openaterminalandusethefollowingcommandtostopthe
vmnet-dhcpdservice:
killall -TERM vmnet-dhcpd
5 Installguestoperatingsystemsineachofthevirtualmachines.
6 Installtheroutersoftware,eitheronthehostcomputerorinthethirdvirtual
machine,dependingontheapproachyouareusing.
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7 Configurenetworkinginthefirsttwovirtualmachinestouseaddressesonthe
appropriatehostonlynetwork:
OnWindowshosts,openacommandpromptandrunipconfig /alltosee
whichIPaddresseseachhostonlynetworkisusing.
OnLinuxhosts,openaterminalandrunifconfigtoseewhichIPaddresses
eachhostonlynetworkisusing.
8 AssignIPaddressesbydoingoneofthefollowing:
Ifyouarerunningtherouteronthehostcomputer,assigndefaultrouter
addressesbasedontheaddressesofthehostonlyadaptersonthehost
computer.
Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouter
addressshouldbetheIPaddressforthehostonlyadapterconnectedto
VMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,the
defaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthehostonlyadapter
connectedtoVMnet2.
Ifyouarerunningtheroutersoftwareinathirdvirtualmachine,setthe
defaultrouteraddressesinthefirsttwovirtualmachinesbasedonthoseused
bythethirdvirtualmachine.
Inthefirstvirtualmachinesnetworkingconfiguration,thedefaultrouter
addressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethirdvirtualmachinesEthernet
adapterconnectedtoVMnet1.Inthesecondvirtualmachinesnetworking
configuration,thedefaultrouteraddressshouldbetheIPaddressforthethird
virtualmachinesEthernetadapterconnectedtoVMnet2.
Atthispointyoushouldbeabletopingtheroutermachinefromvirtualmachines1and
2.Iftheroutersoftwareissetupcorrectly,youshouldbeabletocommunicatebetween
thefirstandsecondvirtualmachines.
Using Virtual Ethernet Adapters in Promiscuous Mode on a
Linux Host
WorkstationdoesnotallowthevirtualEthernetadaptertogointopromiscuousmode
unlesstheuserrunningWorkstationhaspermissiontomakethatsetting.Thisfollows
thestandardLinuxpracticethatonlyrootcanputanetworkinterfaceintopromiscuous
mode.
WhenyouinstallandconfigureWorkstation,youmustruntheinstallationasroot.
WorkstationcreatestheVMnetdeviceswithrootownershipandrootgroupownership,
whichmeansthatonlyroothasreadandwritepermissionstothedevices.
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TosetthevirtualmachinesEthernetadaptertopromiscuousmode,youmustlaunch
WorkstationasrootbecauseyoumusthavereadandwriteaccesstotheVMnetdevice.
Forexample,ifyouareusingbridgednetworking,youmusthaveaccessto
/dev/vmnet0.
TograntselectedotherusersreadandwriteaccesstotheVMnetdevice,youcancreate
anewgroup,addtheappropriateuserstothegroupandgrantthatgroupreadand
writeaccesstotheappropriatedevice.Youmustmakethesechangesonthehost
operatingsystemasroot(su -).Forexample,youcanenterthefollowingcommands:
chgrp <newgroup> /dev/vmnet0
chmod g+rw /dev/vmnet0
<newgroup>isthegroupthatshouldhavetheabilitytosetvmnet0topromiscuous
mode.
ForalluserstobeabletosetthevirtualEthernetadapter(/dev/vmnet0intheexample)
topromiscuousmode,runthefollowingcommandonthehostoperatingsystemas
root:
chmod a+rw /dev/vmnet0
Using NAT
Networkaddresstranslation(NAT)providesawayforvirtualmachinestousemost
clientapplicationsoveralmostanytypeofnetworkconnectionavailabletothehost.
TheonlyrequirementisthatthenetworkconnectionmustsupportTCP/IP.
NATisusefulwhenyouhavealimitedsupplyofIPaddressesorareconnectedtothe
networkthroughanonEthernetnetworkadapter.NATworksbytranslatingaddresses
ofvirtualmachinesinaprivateVMnetnetworktothatofthehostmachine.Whena
virtualmachinesendsarequesttoaccessanetworkresource,itappearstothenetwork
resourceasiftherequestiscomingfromthehostmachine.
How the NAT Device Uses the VMnet8 Virtual Switch
TheNATdeviceisconnectedtotheVMnet8virtualswitch.Virtualmachinesconnected
totheNATnetworkalsousetheVMnet8virtualswitch.
TheNATdevicewaitsforpacketscomingfromvirtualmachinesontheVMnet8virtual
network.Whenapacketarrives,theNATdevicetranslatestheaddressofthevirtual
machinetothatofthehostbeforeforwardingthepackettotheexternalnetwork.When
dataarrivesfromtheexternalnetworkforthevirtualmachineontheprivatenetwork,
theNATdevicereceivesthedata,replacesthenetworkaddresswiththatofthevirtual
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machineandforwardsthedatatothevirtualmachineonthevirtualnetwork.This
translationoccursautomaticallyandrequiresminimalconfigurationontheguestand
thehost.
The Host Computer and the NAT Network
ThehostcomputerhasahostvirtualadapterontheNATnetwork(identicaltothehost
virtualadapteronthehostonlynetwork).Thisadapterallowsthehostandthevirtual
machinestocommunicatewitheachotherforsuchpurposesasfilesharing.TheNAT
deviceneverforwardstrafficfromthehostvirtualadapter.
DHCP on the NAT Network
Tomakenetworkingconfigurationeasy,aDHCPserverisinstalledwhenyouinstall
Workstation.VirtualmachinesrunningonthenetworkwiththeNATdevicecan
dynamicallyobtaintheirIPaddressesbysendingoutDHCPrequests.
TheDHCPserverontheNATnetwork,whichisalsousedinhostonlynetworking
configurations,dynamicallyallocatesIPaddressesintherangeof<net>.128through
<net>.254,where<net>isthenetworknumberassignedtoyourNATnetwork.
WorkstationalwaysusesaClassCaddressforNATnetworks.IPaddresses<net>.3
through<net>.127canbeusedforstaticIPaddresses.IPaddress<net>.1isreservedfor
thehostadapter;<net>.2isreservedfortheNATdevice.Formoreinformation,see
DHCPConventionsforAssigningIPAddressesonpage 293.
InadditiontotheIPaddress,theDHCPserverontheNATnetworksendsout
configurationinformationthatenablesthevirtualmachinetooperate.Thisinformation
includesthedefaultgatewayandtheDNSserver.IntheDHCPresponse,theNAT
deviceinstructsthevirtualmachinetousetheIPaddress<net>.2asthedefaultgateway
andDNSserver.ThiscausesallIPpacketsdestinedfortheexternalnetworkandDNS
requeststobeforwardedtotheNATdevice.
DNS on the NAT Network
TheNATdeviceactsasaDNSserverforthevirtualmachinesontheNATnetwork.
Actually,theNATdeviceisaDNSproxyandmerelyforwardsDNSrequestsfromthe
virtualmachinestoaDNSserverthatisknownbythehost.Responsescomebacktothe
NATdevice,whichthenforwardsthemtothevirtualmachines.
IftheygettheirconfigurationinformationfromDHCP,thevirtualmachinesonthe
NATnetworkautomaticallyusetheNATdeviceastheDNSserver.However,the
virtualmachinescanbestaticallyconfiguredtouseanotherDNSserver.
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ThevirtualmachinesintheprivateNATnetworkarenot,themselves,accessible
throughDNS.IfyouwantthevirtualmachinesrunningontheNATnetworktoaccess
eachotherbyDNSnames,youmustsetupaprivateDNSserverconnectedtotheNAT
network.
External Access from the NAT Network
Ingeneral,anyprotocolusingTCPorUDPcanbeusedautomaticallybyavirtual
machineontheNATnetworkaslongasthevirtualmachineinitiatesthenetwork
connection.ThisistrueformostclientapplicationssuchasWebbrowsing,Telnet,
passivemodeFTP,anddownloadingstreamingvideo.Additionalprotocolsupporthas
beenbuiltintotheNATdevicetoallowFTPandICMPecho(ping)towork
transparentlythroughtheNAT.
Ontheexternalnetworktowhichthehostisconnected,anyvirtualmachineonthe
NATnetworkappearstobethehostitself,becauseitsnetworktrafficusesthehostsIP
address.ItisabletosendandreceivedatausingTCP/IPtoanymachinethatis
accessiblefromthehost.
Beforeanycommunicationcanoccur,theNATdevicemustsetupamappingbetween
thevirtualmachinesaddressontheprivateNATnetworkandthehostsnetwork
addressontheexternalnetwork.
Whenavirtualmachineinitiatesanetworkconnectionwithanothernetworkresource,
thismappingiscreatedautomatically.Theoperationistransparenttotheuserofthe
virtualmachineontheNATnetwork.Noadditionalworkneedstobedone.
Thesamecannotbesaidfornetworkconnectionsthatareinitiatedfromtheexternal
networktoavirtualmachineontheNATnetwork.Whenamachineontheexternal
networkattemptstoinitiateaconnectionwithavirtualmachineontheNATnetwork,
itcannotreachthevirtualmachinebecausetheNATdevicedoesnotforwardthe
request.NetworkconnectionsthatareinitiatedfromoutsidetheNATnetworkarenot
transparent.
However,itispossibletoconfigureportforwardingmanuallyontheNATdeviceso
networktrafficdestinedforacertainportcanstillbeforwardedautomaticallytoa
virtualmachineontheNATnetwork.SeeAdvancedNATConfigurationonpage 309.
FilesharingofthetypeusedbyWindowsoperatingsystemsandSambaispossible
amongcomputersontheNATnetwork,includingvirtualmachinesandthehost
computer.IfyouareusingWINSserversonyournetwork,avirtualmachineusing
NATnetworkingcanaccesssharedfilesandfoldersonthehostthatareknownbythe
WINSserversolongasthosesharedfilesandfoldersareinthesameworkgroupor
domain.
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Advanced NAT Configuration
Thissectionincludesthefollowingsections:
OnaWindowsHostonpage 309
OnaLinuxHostonpage 311
On a Windows Host
UsethevirtualnetworksettingseditortoconfigureNAT,asdescribedinthefollowing
procedure.ToedittheNATconfigurationfile,seeCustomNATandDHCP
ConfigurationonaWindowsHostonpage 310.
To configure NAT on a Windows host
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>VirtualNetworkSettings.
2 UsethecontrolsontheNATtabtoconfigureNAT:
StopandstartthevirtualNATdevicebyclickingtheappropriatebuttons.
ToeditNATsettingsforavirtualnetwork,choosetheVMnetnetworkfrom
thedropdownmenuandclickEdit.TheNATSettingsdialogboxappears.
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3 ClicktheappropriatebuttontosetuporchangeportforwardingortospecifyDNS
serversthevirtualNATdeviceshoulduse.
4 ClickOKtoclosethevirtualnetworkeditor.
Custom NAT and DHCP Configuration on a Windows Host
IfyouareanadvanceduseronaWindowshostcomputer,youcanmakecustom
configurationsettingsbyeditingtheNATandDHCPconfigurationfiles.Ifyourhost
operatingsystemisinstalledontheCdrive,theconfigurationfilesforNATandDHCP
areinthefollowinglocations:
NAT:C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application
Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf
Formoreinformationaboutthisfile,seeContentsoftheNATConfigurationFile
onpage 311.
DHCP:C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application
Data\VMware\vmnetdhcp.conf
Specifying Connections from Ports Below 1024
WhenaclientmachinemakesaTCPorUDPconnectiontoaserver,theconnection
comesfromaparticularportontheclient(thesourceport)andconnectstoaparticular
portontheserver(thedestinationport).Forsecurityreasons,someserversaccept
connectionsonlyfromsourceportsbelow1024.Youmightseethisconfigurationon
machinesusedasNFSfileservers,forexample.
IfavirtualmachineusingNATattemptstoconnecttoaserverthatrequirestheclient
touseasourceportbelow1024,itisimportantthattheNATdeviceforwardtherequest
fromaportbelow1024.Youcanspecifythisbehaviorinthevmnetnat.conffile.
Thisbehavioriscontrolledbyentriesinsectionsheaded[privilegedUDP]and
[privilegedTCP].Youmightneedtoaddsettingstoormodifysettingsineitheror
bothofthesesections,dependingonthekindofconnectionyouneedtomake.
Youcansettwoparameters,eachofwhichappearsonaseparateline.
autodetect = <n>
NOTEYoucanchangemanykeyNATandDCHPsettingsusingthevirtualnetwork
settingseditor(Edit>VirtualNetworkSettings).However,ifyoumakemanual
changestotheconfigurationfiles,thosechangesmightbelostwhenyouusethevirtual
networksettingseditor.Ifyoumakemanualchanges,makebackupcopiesofthefiles
beforechanginganysettingsinthevirtualnetworksettingseditor.Youcanthencopy
yourmanualchangesbackintotheappropriateconfigurationfiles.
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TheautodetectsettingdetermineswhethertheVMwareNATdeviceautomatically
attemptstomapvirtualmachinesourceportsbelow1024toNATsourceportsbelow
1024.Asettingof1meanstrue.Asettingof0meansfalse.OnaWindowshost,the
defaultis1(true).OnaLinuxhost,thedefaultis0(false).
port = <n>
Theportsettingspecifiesadestinationport(where<n>istheportontheserverthat
acceptstheconnectionfromtheclient).Wheneveravirtualmachineconnectstothe
specifiedportonanyserver,theNATdeviceattemptstomaketheconnectionfroma
sourceportbelow1024.Youcanincludeoneormoreportsettingsinthe
[privilegedUDP]or[privilegedTCP]sectionorinbothsections,asrequiredforthe
connectionsyouneedtomake.Entereachportsettingonaseparateline.
On a Linux Host
UsetheNATconfigurationfileonthehosttoconfiguretheNATdevice.Thisfileis
locatedin/etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf.
Theconfigurationfileisdividedintosections.EachsectionconfiguresapartoftheNAT
device.Textsurroundedbysquarebracketssuchas[host]marksthebeginningof
asection.Ineachsectionisaconfigurationparameterthatcanbeset.Theconfiguration
parameterstaketheformip = 192.168.27.2/24.
ForanexampleofaNATconfigurationfile,seeSampleLinuxvmnetnat.confFileon
page 317.TheconfigurationfilevariablesaredescribedinContentsoftheNAT
ConfigurationFileonpage 311.
Contents of the NAT Configuration File
TheNATconfigurationfileislocatedin:
OnaWindowshost:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\vmnetnat.conf
Ifyoueditthisfileandthenusethevirtualnetworksettingseditor(Edit>Virtual
NetworkSettings),youreditsmightbelost.
OnaLinuxhost:
/etc/vmware/vmnet8/nat/nat.conf
TheNATconfigurationfilecontainsthefollowingsections.
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The [host] Section
ip
TheIPaddressthattheNATdeviceshoulduse.Itcanoptionallybefollowedbya
slashandthenumberofbitsinthesubnet.
netmask
ThesubnetmasktousefortheNATnetwork.DHCPaddressesareallocatedfrom
thisrangeofaddresses.
configport
AportthatcanbeusedtoaccessstatusinformationabouttheNATdevice.
device
TheVMnetdevicetouse.WindowsdevicesareoftheformVMnet<x>where<x>
isthenumberoftheVMnet.Linuxdevicesareoftheform/dev/vmnet<x>.
activeFTP
FlagtoindicateifactiveFTPistobeallowed.ActiveFTPallowsincoming
connectionstobeopenedbytheremoteFTPserver.Turningthisoffmeansthat
onlypassivemodeFTPworks.Setthisflagto0toturnitoff.
The [udp] Section
timeout
NumberofsecondstokeeptheUDPmappingfortheNATnetwork.
The [dns] Section
ThissectionisforWindowshostsonly.Linuxdoesnotusethissection.
policy
PolicytouseforDNSforwarding.Acceptedvaluesinclude:
orderSendoneDNSrequestatatimeinorderofthenameservers.
rotateSendoneDNSrequestatatimeandrotatethroughtheDNSservers.
burstSendtothreeserversandwaitforthefirstonetorespond.
timeout
TimeinsecondsbeforeretryingaDNSrequest.
retries
NumberofretriesbeforetheNATdevicegivesuponaDNSrequest.
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autodetect
FlagtoindicatewhethertheNATdeviceshoulddetecttheDNSserversavailable
tothehost.
nameserver1
IPaddressofaDNSservertouse.
nameserver2
IPaddressofaDNSservertouse.
nameserver3
IPaddressofaDNSservertouse.
Ifautodetectisonandsomenameserversarespecified,theDNSserversspecified
innameserver1,nameserver2andnameserver3areaddedbeforethelistof
detectedDNSservers.
The [netbios] Section
ThissectionappliestoWindowshostsonly.Linuxdoesnotusethissection.
nbnsTimeout = 2
Timeout,inseconds,forNBNSqueries.
nbnsRetries = 3
NumberofretriesforeachNBNSquery.
nbdsTimeout = 3
Timeout,inseconds,forNBDSqueries.
The [incomingtcp] Section
UsethissectiontoconfigureTCPportforwardingforNAT.Inthissection,youcan
assignaportnumbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtualmachine.
Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection:
8887 = 192.168.27.128:21
Thisexamplecreatesamappingfromport8887onthehosttotheIPaddress
192.168.27.128andport21.Whenthismappingissetandanexternalmachineconnects
tothehostatport8887,thenetworkpacketsareforwardedtoport21(thestandardport
forFTP)onthevirtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128.
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The [incomingudp] Section
UsethissectiontoconfigureUDPportforwardingforNAT.Inthissection,youcan
assignaportnumbertoanIPaddressandportnumberonavirtualmachine.
Thefollowinglineshowstheformatusedinthissection.Itillustratesawaytoforward
Xservertrafficfromthehostport6000tothevirtualmachinesport6001:
6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
Thisexamplecreatesamappingfromport6000onthehosttotheIPaddress
192.168.27.128andport6001.Whenthismappingissetandanexternalmachine
connectstothehostatport6000,thenetworkpacketsareforwardedtoport6001onthe
virtualmachinewithIPaddress192.168.27.128.
Considerations for Using NAT
FollowingaretheconsiderationstotakeintoaccountwhenyouuseNAT:
NATcausessomeperformanceloss.
BecauseNATrequiresthateverypacketsenttoandreceivedfromavirtual
machinemustbeintheNATnetwork,thereisanunavoidableperformance
penalty.
NATisnotperfectlytransparent.
Itdoesnotnormallyallowconnectionstobeinitiatedfromoutsidethenetwork,
althoughyoucansetupserverconnectionsbymanuallyconfiguringtheNAT
device.ThepracticalresultisthatsomeTCPandUDPprotocolsthatrequirea
connectionbeinitiatedfromtheservermachinesomepeertopeerapplications,
forexampledonotworkautomatically,andsomemightnotworkatall.
NATprovidessomefirewallprotection.
AstandardNATconfigurationprovidesbasiclevelfirewallprotectionbecausethe
NATdevicecaninitiateconnectionsfromtheprivateNATnetwork,butdeviceson
theexternalnetworkcannotnormallyinitiateconnectionstotheprivateNAT
network.
Using NAT with NetLogon
WhenusingNATnetworkinginavirtualmachinewithaWindowsguestoperating
systemrunningonaWindowshost,youcanuseNetLogontologontoaWindows
domainfromthevirtualmachine.YoucanthenaccessfilesharesknownbytheWINS
serverinthedomain.
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TouseNetLogon,youneedtoknowhowWINSserversandWindowsdomain
controllerswork.Thissectionexplainshowtosetupthevirtualmachinetouse
NetLogon.Thesetupprocessissimilartothewayyousetupaphysicalcomputeron
oneLANthatisusingadomaincontrolleronanotherLAN.
TologontoaWindowsdomainoutsidethevirtualNATnetwork,thevirtualmachine
needsaccesstoaWINSserverforthatdomain.Youcanconnectthevirtualmachineto
aWINSserverintwoways:
ConnecttotheWINSserverprovidedbytheDHCPserverusedontheNAT
network,iftheWINSserverisalreadysetuponthehost.
ToconnectfromthevirtualmachinetoaWINSservernotsetuponthehost,you
canmanuallyentertheIPaddressoftheWINSserver.
Thissectionprovidesinstructionsforbothstrategies.
Using NAT to Connect to an Existing WINS Server Set Up on the Host
Inordertousethismethod,aWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainmustbe
setuponthehost.ThesestepsuseWindows2000,WindowsXP,orWindows2003
Serverasaguide.TheprocessissimilarforWindowsNT,WindowsMe,andWindows
9xguests.ForWindowsVista,thefirstcoupleofstepsaredifferent,asnotedinthe
specificstepsbelow.
To use NAT to connect to a WINS server on the host
1 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickMyNetworkPlacesandchooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,opentheNetworkandSharingCenter,andclicktheView
Statuslinkfortheconnectionthatusesthedesiredvirtualnetworkadapter.
2 IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand
chooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,intheConnectionStatuswindow,clickPropertiesandclick
Continuewhenpromptedforpermission.
3 InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IP)andclickProperties.
4 IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced.
5 OntheWINStab,underNetBIOSsetting,selectUseNetBIOSsettingfrom
DHCPServer.
6 ClickOKtwiceandclickClose.
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Manually Entering the IP Address of a WINS Server
UsethismethodtoconnecttoaWINSserverinthesameworkgroupordomainthatis
notalreadysetuponthehost.
To manually enter the IP address of a WINS server
1 Inthevirtualmachine,rightclickMyNetworkPlacesandchooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,opentheNetworkandSharingCenter,andclicktheView
Statuslinkfortheconnectionthatusesthevirtualnetworkadapter.
2 IntheNetworkConnectionswindow,rightclickthevirtualnetworkadapterand
chooseProperties.
ForWindowsVista,intheConnectionStatuswindow,clickPropertiesandclick
Continuewhenpromptedforpermission.
3 InthePropertiesdialogbox,selectInternetProtocol(TCP/IP)andclickProperties.
4 IntheTCP/IPPropertiesdialogbox,clickAdvanced.
5 OntheWINStab,clickAdd.
6 IntheTCP/IPWINSServerdialogbox,entertheIPaddressfortheWINSserverin
theWINSserverfieldandclickOK.
TheIPaddressoftheWINSserverappearsintheWINSaddresseslistontheWINS
tab.
7 RepeatStep 5andStep 6foreachWINSservertowhichyouwanttoconnectfrom
thisvirtualmachine.
8 ClickOKtwiceandclickClose.
NowthatthevirtualmachinehasanIPaddressforaWINSserver,youuseNetLogon
inthevirtualmachinetologontoadomainandaccesssharesinthatdomain.
Forexample,iftheWINSservercoversadomainwithadomaincontroller,itispossible
toaccessthatdomaincontrollerfromthevirtualmachineandaddthevirtualmachine
tothedomain.YouneedtoknowtheuserIDandpasswordoftheAdministratoruser
onthedomaincontroller.
NOTEYouraccessislimitedtosharesofvirtualmachinesthatareonthesameNAT
networkorarebridgedonthesamedomain.
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Sample Linux vmnetnat.conf File
# Linux NAT configuration file
[host]
# NAT gateway address
ip = 192.168.237.2/24
hostMAC = 00:50:56:C0:00:08
# enable configuration; disabled by default for security reasons
#configport = 33445
# VMnet device if not specified on command line
device = VMnet8
# Allow PORT/EPRT FTP commands (they need incoming TCP stream...)
activeFTP = 1
# Allows the source to have any OUI. Turn this one if you change the OUI
# in the MAC address of your virtual machines.
#allowAnyOUI = 1
[udp]
# Timeout in seconds, 0 = no timeout, default = 60; real value might
# be up to 100% longer
timeout = 30
[dns]
# This section applies only to Windows.
#
# Policy to use for DNS forwarding. Accepted values include order,
# rotate, burst.
#
# order: send one DNS request at a time in order of the name servers
# rotate: send one DNS request at a time, rotate through the DNS servers
# burst: send to three servers and wait for the first one to respond
policy = order;
# Timeout in seconds before retrying DNS request.
timeout = 2
# Retries before giving up on DNS request
retries = 3
# Automatically detect the DNS servers (not supported in Windows NT)
autodetect = 1
# List of DNS servers to use. Up to three may be specified
#nameserver1 = 208.23.14.2
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#nameserver2 = 63.93.12.3
#nameserver3 = 208.23.14.4
[netbios]
# This section applies only to Windows.
# Timeout for NBNS queries.
nbnsTimeout = 2
# Number of retries for each NBNS query.
nbnsRetries = 3
# Timeout for NBDS queries.
nbdsTimeout = 3
[incomingtcp]
# Use these with care - anyone can enter into your virtual machine through
# these...
# FTP (both active and passive FTP is always enabled)
# ftp localhost 8887
#8887 = 192.168.27.128:21
# WEB (make sure that if you are using named webhosting, names point to
# your host, not to guest... And if you are forwarding port other
# than 80 make sure that your server copes with mismatched port
# number in Host: header)
# lynx http://localhost:8888
#8888 = 192.168.27.128:80
# SSH
# ssh -p 8889 root@localhost
#8889 = 192.168.27.128:22
[incomingudp]
# UDP port forwarding example
#6000 = 192.168.27.128:6001
Using Samba with Workstation
IfyouhaveSambarunningonyourLinuxhost,youcanconfigureSambasothatit
workswithWorkstation,asdescribedinthissection.
ModifyyourSambaconfigurationsothatitincludestheIPsubnetusedbythe
WorkstationvirtualEthernetadapter,VMnet1.
TodeterminewhichsubnetisbeingusedbyVMnet1,run:
/sbin/ifconfig vmnet1
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MakesuretheSambapasswordfileincludesentriesforallusersofthevirtualmachine
whowillaccessthehostsfilesystem.TheusernamesandpasswordsintheSamba
passwordfilemustmatchthoseusedforloggingontotheguestoperatingsystem.
YoucanaddusernamesandpasswordstotheSambapasswordfileatanytimefroma
terminalwindowonyourLinuxhostcomputer.
To add users to the Samba password file
1 Logontotherootaccount:
su
2 RuntheSambapasswordcommand:
smbpasswd -a <username>
<username>istheusernametoadd.
3 Followtheinstructionsonthescreen.
4 Logoutoftherootaccount:
exit
Using a Samba Server for Bridged and Host-Only Networks
TouseyourSambaserverforbothhostonlyandbridgednetworking,youmustmodify
oneparameterinthesmb.conffile.Youcandefinetheinterfaceparametersoyour
Sambaserverservesmultipleinterfaces.Anexampleofthisis:
interface = eth0 vmnet1
ThisexampletellstheSambaservertolistentoanduseboththeeth0andvmnet1
interfaces,whicharetheinterfacesusedbybridgedandhostonlynetworking,
respectively.
Using Samba Without Network Access
TomakeSambainaccessiblefromyourphysicalEthernetinterface,addthisline:
interfaces = vmnet*
to/etc/samba/smb.confandrestartSamba.
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14
Thefollowingsectionsprovideinformationonconfiguringthevideodisplayand
soundforVMwareWorkstation.Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
SettingScreenColorDepthonpage 321
ExperimentalSupportforDirect3Donpage 322
ConfiguringSoundonpage 327
Setting Screen Color Depth
Thenumberofscreencolorsavailableintheguestoperatingsystemdependsonthe
screencolorsettingofthehostoperatingsystem.
Virtualmachinessupport:
16color(VGA)mode
8bitpseudocolor
16bitsperpixel(16significantbitsperpixel)
32bitsperpixel(24significantbitsperpixel)
Ifthehostisin15bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols
offer15bitmodeinplaceof16bitmode.
Ifthehostisin24bitcolormode,theguestoperatingsystemscolorsettingcontrols
offer24bitmodeinplaceof32bitmode.
Ifyourunaguestoperatingsystemsetforagreaternumberofcolorsthanyourhost
operatingsystemisusing,youcanencountervariousproblems.Insomecases,for
example,thecolorsintheguestarenotcorrect.Inothers,theguestoperatingsystemis
notabletouseagraphicalinterface.
Configuring Video and
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Youcantryeitherofthefollowingsolutions:
Increasethenumberofcolorsavailableonthehost,asdescribedinChanging
ScreenColorDepthontheHostonpage 322.
Decreasethenumberofcolorsusedintheguest,asdescribedinChangingScreen
ColorDepthintheVirtualMachineonpage 322.
Forbestperformance,usethesamenumberofcolorsintheguestandonthehost.
Changing Screen Color Depth on the Host
Ifyouchoosetochangethecolorsettingsonyourhostoperatingsystem,shutdownall
guestoperatingsystems,poweroffthevirtualmachines,andcloseWorkstation.
Followstandardproceduresforchangingthecolorsettingsonyourhostoperating
system,andthenrestartWorkstationandthevirtualmachines.
Changing Screen Color Depth in the Virtual Machine
Ifyouchoosetochangethecolorsettingsintheguestoperatingsystem,theapproach
youtakedependsontheguestoperatingsystem.
Followthenormalprocessforchangingscreencolorsinyourguestoperatingsystem:
InaWindowsguest,theDisplayPropertiescontrolpaneloffersonlythosesettings
thataresupported.
InaLinuxorFreeBSDguest,youmustchangethecolordepthbeforeyoustartthe
XserverorrestarttheXserveraftermakingthechanges.
Experimental Support for Direct3D
WorkstationincludesexperimentalsupportforDirect3Dvideoacceleration.This
featureisnotfullyfunctional.
Totakeadvantageoftheexperimental3DcapabilitiesofWorkstation,thevirtual
machinemustberunningtheversionofVMwareToolsthatcorrespondstotheversion
ofWorkstationyouareusingtorunit.Forexample,avirtualmachinerunningon
Workstation6.0mustberunningtheversionofVMwareToolsprovidedwith
Workstation6.0.Ifyoumovethevirtualmachineandwanttousethe3Dcapabilities,
besureyouhavethecorrectversionofVMwareToolsinstalled.
CAUTIONFeatureswithexperimentalsupportarenotintendedtobeenabledon
productionsystems.Enabling3Daccelerationmightcausethehostorguesttocrash,
causingyoutolosedata,evenif3Dapplicationsarenotactive.
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Audience for Direct3D Experimental Support
Workstationprovidesthisfeatureforadvancedcustomerswhowanttoexplorean
inprogressimplementationof3Dacceleration.
Technicalsupportforaccelerated3DisnotyetprovidedforWorkstation.However,
youareencouragedtofileasupportrequestsoVMwarecanevaluateproblemsyou
experiencewithaccelerated3D.ReviewHelpingVMwarewithExperimental
Supportonpage 326beforeyoufileasupportrequest.
Accelerated 3-D Limitations
ExperimentalsupportforDirect3DappliesonlytoWindows2000andWindowsXP
guests,onhostsrunningWindows2000,WindowsXP,WindowsVista,orLinux.
Experimentalsupporthasthefollowinglimitations:
WorkstationacceleratesDirectX8applicationsandDirectX9applicationsthatuse
onlythesubsetofDirectX8.
Supportfor3Dapplicationsisnotoptimizedforperformance.
OpenGLapplicationsruninsoftwareemulationmode.
Notallaspectsof3Daccelerationareenabled.Thefollowing3Dfeaturesarenot
accelerated:
Pixelandvertexshaders
Multiplevertexstreams
Hardwarebumpmapping,environmentmapping
Projectedtextures
Textureswithone,three,orfourdimensions
Enabling Accelerated 3-D
Bydefault,Direct3Dtechnologyisdisabled.Youmustpreparethehostfirst,thevirtual
machinesecond,andtheguestoperatingsystemlast.
CAUTIONFeatureswithexperimentalsupportarenotintendedforproduction
systems.
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To enable a host for accelerated 3-D
1 Withregardstohardware,useahostvideocardwithsupportforaccelerated
OpenGL,suchasNVIDIATNT,GeForceandQuadrocards,orATIFireGLand
Radeon8500(orhigher)videocards.
Ifyouareunsure,checkwithyourhardwaremanufacturer.
2 Withregardstosoftware,upgradethehostsvideodriverstothelatestversion
available:
ATIdriversareavailableat:
ati.amd.com/support/driver.html
NVIDIAdriversareavailableat:
www.nvidia.com/content/drivers/drivers.asp
3 IfyouareusingaWindows2000orWindowsXPhost,makesurehardware
accelerationisturnedupinthedisplayproperties:
a Rightclickthedesktopandchoose
Properties>Settings>Advanced>Troubleshoot.
b MovetheHardware AccelerationsliderallthewaytotheFullposition.
4 IfyouareusingLinux,testyourLinuxhostforcompatibility:
a Toverifythatdirectrenderingisenabled,run:
glxinfo | grep direct
b Toensurethat3Dapplicationsworkonyourhost,run:
glxgears
Afteryourhostisconfigured,configureavirtualmachineforaccelerated3D.
To enable a virtual machine for accelerated 3-D
1 ChooseavirtualmachinewithWindows2000orXPguestoperatingsystem.
DonotenableDirect3Donavirtualmachinethatispoweredonorsuspended.
2 Ifthevirtualmachineissettousemorethanonemonitor,usethevirtualmachine
settingseditortosetitbacktousingonlyonemonitor.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff,andthenselectit,choose
VM>Settings>Hardware>Display,andspecifyonemonitor.
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3 Addthefollowingtotheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforthevirtualmachine:
mks.enable3d = "TRUE"
Thislineenablesaccelerated3Donthehost.Itisrequiredtosupportaccelerated
3Dintheguestandalsoenablesthehosttoaccelerate2Dportionsoftheguest
display.
4 Alsoaddoneorbothofthefollowingoptionallines:
svga.vramSize = "67108864"
ThislineincreasestheamountofVRAMonthevirtualdisplaycardto64MB.
AddingmoreVRAMhelpstoreducethrashingintheguest.Themaximumvalue
is128MB.
vmmouse.present = "FALSE"
Thislinedisablestheabsolutepointingdeviceintheguest.Applicationsthat
requireDirectInputrelativemoderequirethatyouturnofftheabsolutepointing
deviceintheguest.Inpractice,thisisonlyrequiredforacertainclassoffullscreen
3Dapplications(forexample,realtimegameslikefirstpersonshooters).
5 Ifyousetthevmmouse.presentoption,alsoturnoffthepreferenceformotion
ungrabbingintheWorkstationpreferences,asfollows:
a FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences.
b ClicktheInputtab.
c DeselectUngrabwhencursorleaveswindow.
To enable the guest operating system for accelerated 3-D
1 Poweronthevirtualmachine.
2 InstallVMwareTools.
Forinstructions,seeInstallingandUpgradingVMwareToolsonpage 115.
3 InstallDirectX9.0cEndUserRuntime.
ThisdownloadisavailablefromMicrosoftat:
www.microsoft.com/downloads/search.aspx?displaylang=en&categoryid=2
4 Installandrunyour3Dapplications.
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Known Issues
CommonproblemsforDirect3Dexperimentalsupportincludethefollowing:
SwitchingtabsintheVMwareWorkstationconsoledoesnotworkwhile3D
applicationsarerunning.
Switchingbetweenfullscreenandwindowedmodedoesnotworkwhile3D
applicationsarerunning.
Runningmultiple3DapplicationssimultaneouslymightcrashtheWorkstation
application.
Whena3Dapplicationisrunning,youcannotsuspendorresumethevirtual
machine,andyoucannottakesnapshots.
Graphicalcorruptionoccurs,suchas:
Screenshotormoviecapturedisplaysgraphicalcorruptionforthe3Dareaof
thescreen.
Theguestcursoroccasionallyhasahaloofcorruption(usuallywhite)when
mousingover3Dregionsintheguestoperatingsystem.
Helping VMware with Experimental Support
VMwareoffersonlyexperimentalsupportforDirect3Dacceleration.VMwaremight
notrespondpersonallytoallsupportrequestsregardingDirect3Dacceleration.
VMwareisinterestedinthefollowingtypesofissues:
Catastrophicfailuressuchasbluescreeningtheguest,or3Dapplicationsthat
crashWorkstation.
TestingreportsaboutATI8500(andlater)videocards(whetherornottheywork).
TestingreportsaboutLinuxhostoperatingsystems(whetherornottheywork).
TestingreportsaboutspecificDirectX8andDX9applicationsyouareusing
(whetherornottheywork).
Specificproblemsyouarehavingwhenrunning3D.
SpecificdirectionsinwhichyouwanttoseeVMware3Dtechnologyevolve.
Specificanddetailedreportscanhelpspeedthisfeaturefromexperimentalsupportto
fullfunctionality.Includeasmanydetailsaboutyourconfiguration,3Dapplications,
andhardwareasyoucan.
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Chapter 14 Configuring Video and Sound
Configuring Sound
WorkstationprovidesasounddevicecompatiblewiththeSoundBlasterAudioPCIand
supportssoundinWindows95,Windows98,WindowsMe,WindowsNT,Windows
2000,WindowsXP,WindowsServer2003,andLinuxguestoperatingsystems.The
Workstationsounddeviceisenabledbydefault.
SoundsupportincludesPCM(pulsecodemodulation)outputandinput.Forexample,
youcanplay.wavfiles,MP3audio,andRealMediaaudio.MIDIoutputfromWindows
guestsissupportedthroughtheWindowssoftwaresynthesizer.MIDIinputisnot
supported,andnoMIDIsupportisavailableforLinuxguests.
Windows2000,WindowsXP,andmostrecentLinuxdistributionsautomaticallydetect
thesounddeviceandinstallappropriatedriversforit.
ForWindowsVista,whenyouinstallVMwareToolsina64bitWindowsVistaguest
operatingsystem,asounddriverisinstalled.For32bitWindowsVistaguestsand
Windows2003Serverguests,youneedtouseWindowsUpdatetoinstalla32bitdriver.
Installing Sound Drivers in Windows 9x and NT Guests
Windows95,Windows98,Windows98SE,andWindowsNT4.0donothavedrivers
fortheSoundBlasterAudioPCIadapter.Tousesoundintheseguestoperatingsystems,
downloadthedriverfromtheCreativeLabsWebsite(www.creative.com)andinstall
itintheguestoperatingsystem.
CreativeLabshasanumberofWebsitesservingvariousregionsoftheworld.The
adapternamevaries,dependingontheregion,butusuallyincludesPCI128.
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15
Thischapterdescribeshowtousevariousdeviceswithavirtualmachine.Thischapter
includesthefollowingtopics:
UsingParallelPortsonpage 329
UsingSerialPortsonpage 335
ConfiguringKeyboardFeaturesonpage 343
UsingUSBDevicesinaVirtualMachineonpage 353
ConnectingtoaGenericSCSIDeviceonpage 359
UsingTwoWayVirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing(Experimental)onpage 367
Using Parallel Ports
Parallelportsareusedbyavarietyofdevices,includingprinters,scanners,dongles,
anddiskdrives.
Currently,WorkstationprovidesonlypartialemulationofPS/2hardware.Interrupts
requestedbyadeviceconnectedtothephysicalportarenotpassedtothevirtual
machine.Also,theguestoperatingsystemcannotuseDMA(directmemoryaccess)to
movedatatoorfromtheport.Forthisreason,notalldevicesthatattachtotheparallel
portareguaranteedtoworkcorrectly.
Installation in Guest Operating Systems
Ifthevirtualmachineisconfiguredwithaparallelport,mostguestoperatingsystems
detectitatinstallationtimeandinstalltherequireddrivers.Someoperatingsystems,
includingLinux,WindowsNT,andWindows2000,automaticallydetecttheportsat
boottime.Others,likeWindows95andWindows98,donot.
Connecting Devices 15
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To add a parallel port to the virtual machines configuration
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 ClickAddtostarttheNewHardwarewizard.
4 SelectParallelPortandclickNext.
5 Maketheappropriateselectiontouseaphysicalparallelportorconnectthevirtual
parallelporttoafile.
6 Specifywhichoptionyouwanttousefortheparallelport:
IfyouselectUsephysicalparallelport,clickNextandchoosetheportfrom
thedropdownlist.
IfyouselectOutputfile,clickNextandenterthepathandfilenameorbrowse
tothelocationofthefile.
7 UnderDevicestatus,ifyoudonotwanttheparallelporttoconnectatpoweron
clearthecheckbox.
8 ClickFinish.
InaWindows95orWindows98guest,afteryouaddtheport,runtheguestoperating
systemsAddNewHardwarewizard(Start>Settings>ControlPanel>AddNew
Hardware)andletWindowsdetectthenewdevice.
Configuring a Parallel Port on a Linux Host
Fortheparallelporttoworkproperlyinaguest,itmustfirstbeconfiguredproperlyon
thehost.Mostissuesinvolvingparallelportfunctionalityarearesultofthehost
configuration.Thissectionprovidesinstructionsforcheckingthefollowingareasof
concern:theversionofyourLinuxkernel,yourdeviceaccesspermissions,andthe
requiredmodules.Thissectionincludesthefollowingtopics:
ParallelPortsandLinux2.2.xKernelsonpage 331
ParallelPortsandLinux2.4.xKernelsonpage 332
ParallelPortsandLinux2.6.xKernelsonpage 333
DevicePermissionsonpage 334
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Chapter 15 Connecting Devices
Parallel Ports and Linux 2.2.x Kernels
The2.2.xkernelsthatsupportparallelportsusetheparport,parport_pc,and
vmppusermodules.BesurethatPCStyleHardware(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)is
loadedasamodule.OnLinuxhosts,Workstationrequiresthattheparallelport
PCstylehardwareoption(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)bebuiltandloadedasakernel
module(thatis,itmustbesettom).Workstationisunabletouseparallelportdevices
ifCONFIG_PARPORT_PCisbuiltdirectly(compiled)intothekernel.Thislimitation
existsbecauseCONFIG_PARPORT_PCdoesnotcorrectlyexportitssymbols.
ThevmppusermoduleissuppliedbyWorkstationtogivevirtualmachinesuserlevel
accesstotheparallelport.
To check the configuration
1 Determinewhethertheparport,parport_pc,andvmppusermodulesare
installedandrunningonyoursystembyrunningthelsmodcommandastheroot
user.
Thesethreemodulesshouldbeincludedinthelistingofrunningmodules.Youcan
alsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthesamelist.
2 Toloadthepropermodules,runthiscommand:
insmod <modulename>
3 Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethiscommand:
insmod parport_pc
Thiscommandinsertsthethreemodulesneededforaparallelport.
Ifyoucontinuetoseeproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisrunning.Ifitis,
thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.
4 Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthiscommandastherootusertoremoveit:
rmmod lp
5 Verifythatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe/etc/modules.confor
/etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedoutbyinsertingahash
character(#)atthebeginningoftheline.
ThenameoftheconfigurationfiledependsontheLinuxdistributionyouare
using.Whenyourebootthehostafterremovingthisline,theconfigurationfileno
longerstartsthelpmodule.
6 Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add
thislinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
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Parallel Ports and Linux 2.4.x Kernels
BesurethatPCStyleHardware(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)isloadedasamodule(that
is,itmustbesettom).Ifyouareusinga2.4.xkernel,themodulesthatprovide
parallelportfunctionalityareparport,parport_pc,andppdev.
Alsobesuretoenablesupportforuserspaceparalleldevicedrivers
(CONFIG_PPDEV).
To check the configuration
1 Determinewhethertheparport,parport_pc,andppdevmodulesareinstalled
andloadedonyoursystembyrunningthelsmodcommandastherootuser.
Thesethreemodulesshouldbeincludedinthelistingofloadedmodules.Youcan
alsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthesamelist.
2 Toloadthepropermodules,runthiscommand:
insmod <modulename>
3 Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethiscommand:
insmod parport_pc
Thiscommandinsertstheparport and parport_pcmodulesneededfora
parallelport.
4 Usethiscommandtoloadtheppdevmodule:
insmod ppdev
Ifyoucontinuetoseeproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisloaded.Ifitis,
thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.
5 Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthiscommandastherootusertoremoveit:
rmmod lp
6 Verifythatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe/etc/modules.confor
/etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedoutbyinsertingahash
character(#)atthebeginningoftheline.
ThenameoftheconfigurationfiledependsontheLinuxdistributionyouare
using.Whenyourebootthehostafterremovingthisline,theconfigurationfileno
longerstartsthelpmodule.
7 Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add
thislinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
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Chapter 15 Connecting Devices
Linuxkernelsinthe2.4.xseriesalsouseaspecialarbitratorthatallowsaccesstothe
parallelporthardware.Iftheparallelportisinusebythehost,theguestcannotuseit.
Ifavirtualmachineisusingtheparallelport,thehostandanyusersaccessingthehost
arenotgivenaccesstothedevice.Workstationputsalockonthedevice,andthislock
restrictsaccesssothatonlythevirtualmachinecanusetheport.
FromtheVMwareWorkstationmenubar,youcanchooseVM>RemovableDevicesto
disconnecttheparallelportfromthevirtualmachineandreconnectit.
Parallel Ports and Linux 2.6.x Kernels
BesurethatPCStyleHardware(CONFIG_PARPORT_PC)isloadedasamodule(that
is,itmustbesettom).Ifyouareusinga2.6.xkernel,themodulesthatprovide
parallelportfunctionalityare modprobe <modulename>and modprobe parport_pc.
To check the configuration
1 Determinewhetherthemodprobe <modulename>and modprobe parport_pc
modulesareinstalledandloadedonyoursystembyrunningthelsmodcommand
astherootuser.
Youcanalsolookatthe/proc/modulesfileforthesamelist.
With2.6.x,loadingparport_pcdoesnotloadallmodules.
2 Ifnoneofthelistedparallelportmodulesisloaded,usethiscommand:
modprobe parport_pc && modprobe ppdev
Thiscommandinsertsthemodulesneededforaparallelport.
Ifyoucontinuetoseeproblems,itispossiblethatthelpmoduleisloaded.Ifitis,
thevirtualmachinecannotusetheparallelportcorrectly.
3 Ifthelpmoduleisloaded,runthiscommandastherootusertoremoveit:
rmmod lp
4 Verifythatthelinereferringtothelpmoduleinthe/etc/modules.confor
/etc/conf.modulesfileisremovedorcommentedoutbyinsertingahash
character(#)atthebeginningoftheline.
ThenameoftheconfigurationfiledependsontheLinuxdistributionyouare
using.Whenyourebootthehostafterremovingthisline,theconfigurationfileno
longerstartsthelpmodule.
5 Toensurethatthepropermodulesfortheparallelportareloadedatboottime,add
thislinetothe/etc/modules.confor/etc/conf.modulesfile:
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
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Linuxkernelsinthe2.6.xseriesalsouseaspecialarbitratorthatallowsaccesstothe
parallelporthardware.Iftheparallelportisinusebythehost,theguestcannotuseit.
Ifavirtualmachineisusingtheparallelport,thehostandanyusersaccessingthehost
arenotgivenaccesstothedevice.Workstationputsalockonthedevice,andthislock
restrictsaccesssothatonlythevirtualmachinecanusetheport.
YoucanchooseVM>RemovableDevicestodisconnecttheparallelportfromthe
virtualmachineandreconnectit.
Device Permissions
SomeLinuxdistributionsbydefaultdonotgrantthevirtualmachineaccesstothelp
andparportdevices.Inmostofthesecases,theownerofthedeviceisrootandthe
associatedgroupislp.ToallowtheVMwareusertoaccessthedevice,addtheuserto
theassociatedgroup.Toviewtheownerandgroupofthedevice,runthiscommand:
ls la /dev/parport0
Thethirdandfourthcolumnsoftheoutputshowtheownerandgroup,respectively.
Toaddtheusertothedevicegroup,editthe/etc/groupfile.Onthelinestartingwith
lp,whichdefinesthelpgroup,addtheWorkstationusersusername.Youmustmake
thischangeastherootuser.Thefollowinglineprovidesanexampleforauserwhose
usernameisuserj.
lp::7:daemon,lp,userj
Thenexttimetheuserlogsontothehost,thechangestakeeffect.
Special Notes for the Iomega Zip Drive
OnWindows95orWindows98,useofolderdriversfortheIomegaZipdrivemight
causetheguestoperatingsystemtolockupintermittentlyatboottimeorduring
installationoftheguestoperatingsystem.ThenewestIomegadriversworkreliablyin
VMwaretests.TheyareavailablefromtheIomegawebsite.Gotowww.iomega.com
andclickonSupport&Downloads.
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Chapter 15 Connecting Devices
Using Serial Ports
AWorkstationvirtualmachinecanuseuptofourvirtualserialports.Thevirtualserial
portscanbeconfiguredinseveralways:
Connectavirtualserialporttoaphysicalserialportonthehostcomputer.
Connectavirtualserialporttoafileonthehostcomputer.
Makeadirectconnectionbetweentwovirtualmachinesorbetweenavirtual
machineandanapplicationrunningonthehostcomputer.
Thissectionprovidesinstructionsforalltheseoptions.Youcanalsoselectwhetherto
connectthevirtualserialportwhenyoupoweronthevirtualmachine.
Using a Serial Port or a File on the Host Computer
Youcansetupthevirtualserialportinavirtualmachinetouseaphysicalserialport
onthehostcomputer.Thisisuseful,forexample,ifyouwanttouseanexternalmodem
orahandhelddeviceinyourvirtualmachine.
Alternatively,youcansetupthevirtualserialportinavirtualmachinetosendits
outputtoafileonthehostcomputer.Thisisuseful,forexample,ifyouwanttocapture
thedataaprogramrunninginthevirtualmachinesendstothevirtualserialportorif
youneedaquickwaytotransferafilefromtheguesttothehost.
To install a virtual serial port that connects to a physical serial port or a file
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizardandclickNext.
4 SelectSerialPortandclickNext.
5 OntheSerialPortTypepage,selecteitherUsephysicalserialportonthehostor
OutputtofileandclickNext.
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6 Dependingonwhetheryouwanttouseaphysicalserialportorafile,dooneofthe
following:
Foraphysicalserialport,ontheSelectaPhysicalSerialPortpage,choosethe
portonthehostcomputerthatyouwanttouseforthisserialconnection.
Forafile,ontheChooseSerialPortOutputFilepage,browsetothefileonthe
hostcomputerthatyouwanttousetostoretheoutputofthevirtualserial
port.
7 MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired.
8 ClickFinishtoreturntotheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
9 (Windowshostsonly)OntheHardwaretab,toconfigurethisserialporttouse
polledmode,selectYieldCPUonpoll.
Thisoptionisofinteresttodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat
communicateoveraserialconnection.Formoreinformation,seeConfiguration
OptionsforAdvancedUsersonpage 340.
10 Poweronthevirtualmachine.
Connecting an Application on the Host to a Virtual Machine
Youcansetupthevirtualserialportinavirtualmachinetoconnecttoanapplication
onthehostcomputer.Thisisuseful,forexample,ifyouwanttouseanapplicationon
thehosttocapturedebugginginformationsentfromthevirtualmachinesserialport.
Toinstalladirectserialconnectionbetweenanapplicationonthehostandavirtual
machine,usethefollowingprocedure.
To connect a host application to a virtual machine
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizardandclickNext.
4 SelectSerialPortandclickNext.
5 OntheSerialPortTypepage,selectOutputtoNamedPipeandclickNext.
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Chapter 15 Connecting Devices
6 DependingonwhetheryouareusingaLinuxhostoraWindowshost,dooneof
thefollowing:
ForaWindowshost:OntheSpecifyNamedPipepage,acceptthedefaultpipe
nameorenteranotherpipename.Thepipenamemustfollowtheform
\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>thatis,itmustbeginwith\\.\pipe\.
ForaLinuxhost:InthePathfield,enter/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX
socketnameofyourchoice.
7 SelectThisendistheserverorThisendistheclient.
SelectThisendistheserverifyouplantostartthisendoftheconnectionfirst.
8 SelectTheotherendisanapplication.
9 MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired.
10 ClickFinishtoreturntotheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
11 (Windowshostsonly)OntheHardwaretab,toconfigurethisserialporttouse
polledmode,selectYieldCPUonpoll.
Thisoptionisofinteresttodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat
communicateoveraserialconnection.Formoreinformation,seeConfiguration
OptionsforAdvancedUsersonpage 340.
12 Onyourhostcomputer,configuretheapplicationthatcommunicateswiththe
virtualmachinetousethesamepipename(foraWindowshost)orthesameUNIX
socketname(foraLinuxhost).
13 Poweronthevirtualmachine.
Connecting Two Virtual Machines
Youcansetupthevirtualserialportsintwovirtualmachinestoconnecttoeachother.
Thisisuseful,forexample,ifyouwanttouseanapplicationinonevirtualmachine(the
client)tocapturedebugginginformationsentfromtheother(theserver)virtual
machinesserialport.
Thefollowingproceduresdescribehowtosetuptheserverandtheclientfor
connectingtoeachotherbytwovirtualserialports.
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To set up the server side of the connection
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizardandclickNext.
4 SelectSerialPortandclickNext.
5 OntheSerialPortTypepage,selectOutputtoNamedPipeandclickNext.
6 DependingonwhetheryouareusingaLinuxhostoraWindowshost,dooneof
thefollowing:
ForaWindowshost:OntheSpecifyNamedPipepage,acceptthedefaultpipe
nameorenteranotherpipename.Thepipenamemustfollowtheform
\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>thatis,itmustbeginwith\\.\pipe\.
ForaLinuxhost:InthePathfield,enter/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX
socketnameofyourchoice.
7 SelectThisendistheserver.
8 SelectTheotherendisavirtualmachine.
9 MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired.
10 ClickFinishtoreturntotheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
11 (Windowshostsonly)OntheHardwaretab,toconfigurethisserialporttouse
polledmode,selectYieldCPUonpoll.
Thisoptionisofinteresttodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat
communicateoveraserialconnection.Formoreinformation,seeConfiguration
OptionsforAdvancedUsersonpage 340.
12 Poweronthevirtualmachine.
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Chapter 15 Connecting Devices
To set up the client side of the connection
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizardandclickNext.
4 SelectSerialPortandclickNext.
5 OntheSerialPortTypepage,selectOutputtoNamedPipeandclickNext.
6 DependingonwhetheryouareusingaLinuxhostoraWindowshost,dooneof
thefollowing:
ForaWindowshost:OntheSpecifyNamedPipepage,acceptthedefaultpipe
nameorenteranotherpipename.Thepipenamemustfollowtheform
\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>thatis,itmustbeginwith\\.\pipe\.
ForaLinuxhost:InthePathfield,enter/tmp/<socket>oranotherUNIX
socketnameofyourchoice.Thepipenamemustbethesameonbothserver
andclient.
7 SelectThisendistheclient.
8 SelectTheotherendisavirtualmachine.
9 MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired.
10 ClickFinishtoreturntotheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
11 (Windowshostsonly)OntheHardwaretab,toconfigurethisserialporttouse
polledmode,selectYieldCPUonpoll.
Thisoptionisofinteresttodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtoolsthat
communicateoveraserialconnection.Formoreinformation,seeConfiguration
OptionsforAdvancedUsersonpage 340.
12 Poweronthevirtualmachine.
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Configuration Options for Advanced Users
Twospecialconfigurationoptionsareavailableforserialconnectionsbetweenavirtual
machineandthehostorbetweentwovirtualmachines:
YieldingCPUonPolltoImprovePerformanceWhenDebugging(WindowsHosts
Only)onpage 340
ChangingtheInputSpeedoftheSerialConnectiononpage 340
Theseoptionsareofinterestprimarilytodeveloperswhoareusingdebuggingtools
thatcommunicateoveraserialconnection.
Yielding CPU on Poll to Improve Performance When Debugging
(Windows Hosts Only)
Thisoptionisusefulwhentheserialportisbeingusedbytheguestoperatingsystem
inpolledmodeasopposedtointerruptmode.Polledmodecausesthevirtualmachine
toconsumeadisproportionateshareofCPUtime,whichcancausethehostandother
guestsrunsluggishly.
Thefollowingproceduredescribeshowtosetanoptiontoforcetheaffectedvirtual
machinetoyieldprocessortimeiftheonlytaskitistryingtodoispollthevirtualserial
port.
To improve the performance of applications on the Windows host
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Thevirtualmachinecanbeeitherpoweredofforpoweredon.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 OntheHardwaretab,selectSerialPort.
4 (Windowshostsonly)IntheI/Omodesection,selectYieldCPUonpollandclick
OK.
Changing the Input Speed of the Serial Connection
Thisoptionincreasesthespeedofyourserialconnectionoverapipetothevirtual
machine.Inprinciple,thereisnolimitontheoutputspeed,whichisthespeedatwhich
thevirtualmachinesendsdatathroughthevirtualserialport.Inpractice,theoutput
speeddependsonhowfasttheapplicationattheotherendofthepipereadsdata
inboundtoit.
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To change the input speed of the serial connection
1 Usetheguestoperatingsystemtoconfiguretheserialportforthehighestsetting
supportedbytheapplicationyouarerunninginthevirtualmachine.
2 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheWorkstationwindow.
3 Useatexteditortoaddthefollowinglinetoyourvirtualmachinesconfiguration
(.vmx)file:
serial<n>.pipe.charTimePercent = "<x>"
<n>isthenumberoftheserialport,startingfrom0.Sothefirstserialportis
serial0.
<x>isapositiveintegerthatspecifiesthetimetakentotransmitacharacter,
expressedasapercentageofthedefaultspeedsetfortheserialportintheguest
operatingsystem.Forexample,asettingof200forcestheporttotaketwiceaslong
percharacter,orsenddataathalfthedefaultspeed.Asettingof50forcestheport
totakeonlyhalfaslongpercharacter,orsenddataattwicethedefaultspeed.
Assumingthattheserialportspeedissetappropriatelyintheguestoperating
system,experimentwiththissetting.Startwithavalueof100andgradually
decreaseituntilyoufindthehighestspeedatwhichyourconnectionworks
reliably.
Examples: Debugging over a Virtual Serial Port
YoucanuseDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger(KD)todebug
kernelcodeinavirtualmachineoveravirtualserialport.DownloadDebuggingTools
forWindowsfromtheWindowsDDKWebsiteat
www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/default.mspx.
Thefollowingtwoexamplesillustratehowtouseavirtualserialporttodebugkernel
codeinavirtualmachine:
WiththedebuggingapplicationontheWorkstationhost(Windowshostsonly)
Withthedebuggingapplicationinanothervirtualmachineonthesame
Workstationhost(usefulonaLinuxhostandcanalsobedoneonaWindowshost)
Usingeitherofthesemethodsletsyoudebugkernelcodeononesystem,withoutthe
needfortwophysicalcomputers,amodem,oraserialcable.
Debugging an Application in a Virtual Machine from the Windows Host
Inthisexample,youhavekernelcodetodebuginavirtualmachine(calledthetarget
virtualmachine)andarerunningWinDbgorKDonyourWindowshost.
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To debug an application from a Windows host
1 Preparethetargetvirtualmachine,asdescribedinConnectinganApplicationon
theHosttoaVirtualMachineonpage 336.
Makesureyouconfigurethevirtualmachinesvirtualserialportasfollows:
a SelectThisendistheserver.
b UnderI/OMode,selecttheYieldCPUonpollcheckbox,becausethekernel
inthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode,not
interruptmode.
2 Preparethehost:MakesureyouhavearecentversionofDebuggingToolsfor
Windowsonethatsupportsdebuggingoverapipe.
Youneedversion5.0.18.0orhigher.
3 Poweronthevirtualmachine.
4 Makesuretheserialportisconnected,asfollows:FromtheWorkstationmenubar,
chooseVM>RemovableDevices.
Onthatmenu,Serial<n>shouldbereportedas\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>(on
Windowshosts)or/tmp/<socket>(onLinuxhosts).Iftheserialportisnot
connected,choosethevirtualserialportandclickConnect.
5 Onthehost,openacommandpromptwindowanddooneofthefollowing:
IfyouareusingWinDbg,typethefollowing:
windbg -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe
IfyouareusingKD,typethefollowing:
kd -k com:port=\\.\pipe\<namedpipe>,pipe
6 PressEntertostartdebugging.
Debugging an Application in a Virtual Machine from Another Virtual
Machine
Inthissituation,youhavekernelcodetodebuginavirtualmachine(calledthetarget
virtualmachine)andarerunningDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernel
Debugger(KD)inanothervirtualmachine(calledthedebuggervirtualmachine)onthe
samehost.
ThisisusefulifyouarerunningWorkstationonaLinuxhost.Thedebuggervirtual
machinemustberunningDebuggingToolsforWindows(WinDbg)orKernelDebugger
(KD)inaWindowsguestoperatingsystem.
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Chapter 15 Connecting Devices
To debug an application from another virtual machine
1 Preparethetargetvirtualmachine:Usetheappropriateplatformspecific
procedurefortheservervirtualmachinedescribedinConnectingTwoVirtual
Machinesonpage 337.
OnWindowshosts,makesurewhenyouconfigurethetargetvirtualmachines
virtualserialportthatyouselecttheYieldCPUonpollcheckbox,becausethe
kernelinthetargetvirtualmachineusesthevirtualserialportinpolledmode,not
interruptmode.
2 Forthedebuggervirtualmachine,makesureyouhavedownloadedDebugging
ToolsforWindows.
3 FollowthestepsfortheclientvirtualmachineinConnectingTwoVirtual
Machinesonpage 337.
4 Poweronbothvirtualmachines.
5 Makesuretheserialportisconnected:ChoosechooseVM>RemovableDevices.
Iftheserialportisnotconnected,choosethevirtualserialportandclickConnect.
6 Inthedebuggervirtualmachine,startdebuggingwithWinDbgorKDnormally.
Configuring Keyboard Features
Thissectionincludesthefollowingtopics:
EnhancedVirtualKeyboardforWindowsHostsonpage 343
HotKeysonpage 344
SpecifyingaLanguageKeymapforVNCClientsonpage 345
KeyboardMappingonaLinuxHostonpage 346
Enhanced Virtual Keyboard for Windows Hosts
Thisfeatureprovidesbetterhandlingofinternationalkeyboardsandkeyboardswith
extrakeys.Italsoofferssecurityimprovements,asitprocessesrawkeyboardinputas
soonaspossible,bypassingWindowskeystrokeprocessingandanymalwarethatsnot
alreadyatalowerlayer.Thisfeatureiscurrentlyavailableforall32bitWindowsguests
exceptWindowsVistaguests.
Ifyouusethisfeature,whenyoupressCtrl+Alt+Delete,theguestsystemonly,rather
thanbothguestandhost,willactonthecommand.
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To use the enhanced virtual keyboard on Windows hosts
1 StartWorkstationontheWindowshostandselectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 ClicktheOptionstab,andselectGeneral.
4 Toenableordisablethesetting,usethecheckboxcalledUseenhancedvirtual
keyboardandclickOK.
IfyouhavejustinstalledWorkstationorupgradedtoWorkstation6,youmight
needtorestartthehostcomputerbeforeturningonthissetting.
Hot Keys
Hotkeysletyouspecifythekeycombinationthatisusedwithhotkeysequencesforall
yourvirtualmachines.Forexample,youcanrequirethatallhotkeysequencesuse
Ctrl+Shift+Alt.Thisisusefulifyouwanttopreventcertainkeycombinations(suchas
Ctrl+Alt+Del)frombeinginterceptedbyWorkstationinsteadofbeingsenttotheguest
operatingsystem.
Usehotkeysequencesto:
Switchbetweenvirtualmachines
Enterandleavefullscreenmode
Ungrabinput
SendCtrl+Alt+Deltothevirtualmachineonly(nottothehostmachine)
Sendcommandstothevirtualmachineonly(nottothehostmachine)
BecauseCtrl+AlttellsWorkstationtorelease(ungrab)mouseandkeyboardinput,
combinationsthatincludeCtrl+Altarenotpassedtotheguestoperatingsystem.Ifyou
needtousesuchacombinationforexample,useCtrl+Alt+<Fkey>toswitchbetween
LinuxworkspacesinavirtualmachinepressCtrl+Alt+Space,releaseSpacewithout
releasingCtrlandAlt,andpressthethirdkeyofthekeycombinationyouwanttosend
totheguest.
UseWorkstationspreferenceseditortospecifywhichhotsequencesyouwanttouse.
Fromthemenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences>HotKeys.
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Specifying a Language Keymap for VNC Clients
IfyousetavirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver,youcanspecifywhichlanguageyou
wanttouseforthekeyboardthatVNCclientsuse.Bydefault,theUS101keyboardmap
(U.S.English)isused.
To specify which keymap to use for VNC clients
1 SetthevirtualmachinetoactasaVNCserver,asdescribedinUsingaVNCClient
forRemoteConnectionstoaVirtualMachineonpage 184.
2 Useatexteditortoopentheconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)forthevirtualmachine
andaddthefollowinglines:
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap = "<xx>"
where<xx>isthecodeforthelanguageyouwanttouse,suchasjpfor
Japanese.Thissettingtellsthevirtualmachinewhichkeyboardmapfileto
use.ItassumesthatthekeyboardmapfilesarelocatedintheWorkstation
installationdirectory:/usr/lib/vmware/vnckeymaponLinuxandin
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application
Data\VMware\vnckeymaponWindows.Followingisalistoflanguagecodes:
de:German
de-ch:German(Switzerland)
es:Spanish
fi:Finnish
fr:French
fr-be:French(Belgium)
fr-ch:French(Switzerland)
is:Icelandic
it:Italian
jp:Japanses
nl-be:Dutch(Belgium)
no:Norwegian
pt:Polish
uk:UKEnglish
us:USEnglish
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346 VMware, Inc.
Ifthekeyboardmapfileyouwanttouseisinsomeotherlocation,youcanset
thepropertyRemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMapFileinsteadof
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap.SetRemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMapFiletoan
absolutefilepath.
RemoteDisplay.vnc.enabled = "TRUE"
RemoteDisplay.vnc.port = "<port number>"
where<port number>istheportnumberyouwanttouse.
3 StartthevirtualmachineandconnecttoitfromaVNCclient.
Keyboard Mapping on a Linux Host
Thissectionaddressesthefollowingissuesandprovidesadditionaldetailson
keyboardmappinginLinux:
SomelanguagespecifickeyboardsdonotappeartobesupportedbyWorkstation.
Someofthekeysonthekeyboarddontworkcorrectlyinthevirtualmachine.
Thekeyboardworksfinewhenyourunavirtualmachinelocally,butnotwhen
yourunthesamevirtualmachinewitharemoteXserver.
IfyourkeyboardworkscorrectlywithalocalXserver,andyoujustwantthesame
behaviorwitharemoteXserver(whichisalsoanXFree86serverrunningonaPC),first,
poweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow.Addthe
followinglinetothevirtualmachineconfigurationfileorto~/.vmware/config:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = "TRUE"
Makethischangeonthehostmachine,whereyourunthevirtualmachine,notonthe
machinewiththeremoteXserver.
IfyouareusinganXFree86basedserverthatWorkstationdoesnotrecognizeasan
XFree86server,usethislineinstead:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = "TRUE"
IfyouareusinganXFree86serverrunninglocally,andthekeyboarddoesnotwork
correctly,reporttheproblemtoVMwaretechnicalsupport.
X Key Codes Versus Keysyms
PressingakeyonthePCkeyboardgeneratesascancodebasedroughlyontheposition
ofthekey.Forexample,theZkeyonaGermankeyboardgeneratesthesamecodeas
theYkeyonanEnglishkeyboard,becausetheyareinthesamepositiononthe
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keyboard.Mostkeyshaveonebytescancodes,butsomekeyshavetwobytescan
codeswithprefix0xe0.
Internally,WorkstationusesasimplifiedversionofthePCscancodethatisasingle
ninebitnumericvalue,calledavscancode.Avscancodeiswrittenasathreedigit
hexadecimalnumber.Thefirstdigitis0or1.Forexample,thelefthandCtrlkeyhasa
onebytescancode(0x1d);itsvscancodeis0x01d.TherighthandCtrlkeyscancode
istwobytes(0xe0,0x1d);itsvscancodeis0x11d.
AnXserverusesatwolevelencodingofkeys.AnXkeycodeisaonebytevalue.The
assignmentofkeycodestokeysdependsontheXserverimplementationandthe
physicalkeyboard.Asaresult,anXapplicationnormallycannotusekeycodesdirectly.
Instead,thekeycodesaremappedintokeysymsthathavenameslikespace,escape,x
and2.ThemappingcanbecontrolledbyanXapplicationbyusingthefunction
XChangeKeyboardMapping()orbytheprogramxmodmap.Toexplorekeyboard
mappings,youcanusexev,whichshowsthekeycodesandkeysymsforkeystyped
intoitswindow.
Akeycodecorrespondsroughlytoaphysicalkey,whileakeysymcorrespondstothe
symbolonthekeytop.Forexample,withanXFree86serverrunningonaPC,theZkey
ontheGermankeyboardhasthesamekeycodeastheYkeyonanEnglishkeyboard.
TheGermanZkeysym,however,isthesameastheEnglishZkeysym,anddifferent
fromtheEnglishYkeysym.
ForanXFree86serveronaPC,thereisaonetoonemappingfromXkeycodestoPC
scancodes(orvscancodes,whichiswhatWorkstationreallyuses).Workstationtakes
advantageofthisfact.WhenitisusinganXFree86serveronthelocalhost,itusesthe
builtinmappingfromXkeycodestovscancodes.Thismappingiskeyboard
independentandshouldbecorrectformost,ifnotall,languages.Inothercases(notan
XFree86serverornotalocalserver),Workstationmustmapkeysymstovscancodes
byusingasetofkeyboardspecifictables.
Configuring How Key Codes Are Mapped
Keycodemappingissimple,automatic,andfoolproof.(Keysymmappingismore
complexandisdescribedlater.)However,becausetheprogramcannottellwhethera
remoteserverisrunningonaPCoronsomeotherkindofcomputer,ituseskeycode
mappingonlywithlocalXservers.Thisapproachmighthaveundesirableeffects.This
andotherbehaviorrelatedtokeycodemappingcanbecontrolledbypoweringoffthe
virtualmachine,closingtheVMwareWorkstationwindow,andusingatexteditorto
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348 VMware, Inc.
addconfigurationsettingstothevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.Following
aresomeconfigurationsettingsyoumightwanttouse:
xkeymap.usekeycodeMapIfXFree86 = "TRUE"
UsekeycodemappingifyouareusinganXFree86server,evenifitisremote.
xkeymap.usekeycodeMap = "TRUE"
Alwaysusekeycodemappingregardlessofservertype.
xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = "TRUE"
Neverusekeycodemapping.
xkeymap.keycode.<code> = "<v-scan code>"
Ifyouareusingkeycodemapping,mapkeycode<code>to<v-scan code>.In
thisexample,<code>mustbeadecimalnumberand<v-scan code>shouldbea
Csyntaxhexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001).
TheeasiestwaytofindtheXkeycodeforakeyistorunxevorxmodmap -pk.Mostof
thevscancodesarecoveredinVScanCodeTableonpage 349.Thekeysym
mappingtablesdescribedinthissectionarealsohelpful.
Usethisfeaturetomakesmallmodificationstothemapping.Forexample,toswapleft
CtrlandCapsLock,usethefollowinglines:
xkeymap.keycode.64 = "0x01d # X Caps_Lock -> VM left ctrl"
xkeymap.keycode.37 = "0x03a # X Control_L -> VM caps lock"
TheseconfigurationlinescanbeaddedtoyourpersonalWorkstationconfiguration
(~/.vmware/config),oreventothehostwide(/etc/vmware/config)or
installationwide(usually/usr/lib/vmware/config)configuration.
Configuring How Keysyms Are Mapped
Whenkeycodemappingcannotbeused(orisdisabled),Workstationmapskeysyms
tovscancodes.Itdoesthisusingoneofthetablesinthexkeymapdirectoryinthe
Workstationinstallation(usually/usr//lib/vmware).
Whichtableyoushouldusedependsonthekeyboardlayout.Thenormaldistribution
includestablesforPCkeyboardsfortheUnitedStatesandanumberofEuropean
countriesandlanguages.Andformostofthese,thereareboththe101key(or102key)
andthe104key(or105key)variants.
WorkstationautomaticallydetermineswhichtabletousebyexaminingthecurrentX
keymap.However,itsdecisionmakingprocesscansometimesfail.Inaddition,each
mappingisfixedandmightnotbecompletelycorrectforanygivenkeyboardandXkey
codetokeysymmapping.Forexample,ausermighthaveswappedCtrlandCaps
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Lockusingxmodmap.Thismeansthekeysareswappedinthevirtualmachinewhen
usingaremoteserver(keysymmapping)butareunswappedwhenusingalocalserver
(keycodemapping).
Therefore,keysymmappingisnecessarilyimperfect.Tomakeupforthisdefect,you
canchangemostofthebehaviorbyusingconfigurationsettings:
xkeymap.language = "<keyboard-type>"
UsethissettingifWorkstationhasatableinxkeymapforyourkeyboardbutcant
detectit.<keyboard-type>mustbeoneofthetablesinthexkeymapdirectory.
(Seeaboveforlocation.)However,thefailuretodetectthekeyboardprobably
meansthetableisntcompletelycorrectforyou.
xkeymap.keysym.<sym> = "<v-scan code>"
Ifyouusekeysymmapping,mapkeysym<sym>to<v-scan code>.Whenyoudo,
<sym>mustbeanXkeysymnameand<v-scan code>shouldbeaCsyntax
hexadecimalnumber(forexample,0x001).
Theeasiestwaytofindthekeysymnameforakeyistorunxevorxmodmap -pk.
TheXheaderfile/usr/include/X11/keysymdef.hhasacompletelistof
keysyms.(ThenameofakeysymisthesameasitsCconstantwithouttheXK_
prefix.)MostvscancodesareinVScanCodeTableonpage 349.
Thexkeymaptablesthemselvesarealsohelpful.Usethemtofixsmallerrorsinan
existingmapping.
xkeymap.fileName = "<file-path>"
Usethekeysymmappingtablein<file-path>.Atableisasequenceof
configurationlinesofthefollowingform:
<sym> = "<v-scan code>"
where<sym>isanXkeysymname,and<v-scan code>isaCsyntaxhexadecimal
number(forexample,0x001).(Seetheexplanationofxkeymap.keysymabovefor
tipsonfindingthekeysymsandvscancodesforyourkeyboard.)
Compilingacompletekeysymmappingisdifficult.Itisbesttostartwithan
existingtableandmakesmallchanges.
V-Scan Code Table
Table 151showsthevscancodesforthe104keyU.S.keyboard.
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350 VMware, Inc.
Table 15-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard
Symbol Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code
Esc 0x001
1 ! 0x002
2 @ 0x003
3 # 0x004
4 $ 0x005
5 % 0x006
6 ^ 0x007
7 & 0x008
8 * 0x009
9 ( 0x00a
0 ) 0x00b
_ 0x00c
= + 0x00d
Backspace 0x00e
Tab 0x00f
Q 0x010
W 0x011
E 0x012
R 0x013
T 0x014
Y 0x015
U 0x016
I 0x017
O 0x018
P 0x019
[ { 0x01a
] } 0x01b
Enter 0x01c
Ctrl left 0x01d
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A 0x01e
S 0x01f
D 0x020
F 0x021
G 0x022
H 0x023
J 0x024
K 0x025
L 0x026
; 0x027
0x028
` 0x029
Shift left 0x02a
\ | 0x02b
Z 0x02c
X 0x02d
C 0x02e
V 0x02f
B 0x030
N 0x031
M 0x032
, < 0x033
. > 0x034
/ ? 0x035
Shift right 0x036
* numericpad 0x037
Alt left 0x038
Spacebar 0x039
CapsLock 0x03a
Table 15-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code
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352 VMware, Inc.
F1 0x03b
F2 0x03c
F3 0x03d
F4 0x03e
F5 0x03f
F6 0x040
F7 0x041
F8 0x042
F9 0x043
F10 0x044
NumLock numericpad 0x045
ScrollLock 0x046
Home 7 numericpad 0x047
Uparrow 8 numericpad 0x048
PgUp 9 numericpad 0x049
numericpad 0x04a
Leftarrow 4 numericpad 0x04b
5 numericpad 0x04c
Rightarrow 6 numericpad 0x04d
+ numericpad 0x04e
End 1 numericpad 0x04f
Downarrow 2 numericpad 0x050
PgDn 3 numericpad 0x051
Ins 0 numericpad 0x052
Del numericpad 0x053
F11 0x057
F12 0x058
Break Pause 0x100
Enter numericpad 0x11c
Table 15-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code
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The84keykeyboardhasaSysReqkeyonthenumericpad.Itsvscancodeis0x054.
KeyboardsoutsidetheU.S.usuallyhaveanextrakey(often<>or<>|)nexttotheleft
shiftkey.Thevscancodeforthiskeyis0x056.
Using USB Devices in a Virtual Machine
WorkstationprovidestwoUSBcontrollers,sothatyoucanconnecttobothUSB1.1and
USB2.0devices:
ForUSB1.1,aUHCIcontrollerwithavirtualhubenablesyoutoconnecttomore
thantwoUSB1.1devices.
ForUSB2.0,anEHCIcontrollerenablesyoutoconnecttouptosixUSB2.0devices.
ForUSB2.0support,yourhostmachinemustsupportUSB2.0,andyoumust
enableUSB2.0supportinWorkstation,asdescribedinthissection.
Ctrl right 0x11d
/ numericpad 0x135
SysRq PrintScrn 0x137
Alt right 0x138
Home functionpad 0x147
Uparrow functionpad 0x148
PageUp functionpad 0x149
Leftarrow functionpad 0x14b
Rightarrow functionpad 0x14d
End functionpad 0x14f
Downarrow functionpad 0x150
PageDown functionpad 0x151
Insert functionpad 0x152
Delete functionpad 0x153
Windows left 0x15b
Windows right 0x15c
Menu 0x15d
Table 15-1. V-Scan Codes for the 104-Key U.S. Keyboard (Continued)
Symbol Shifted Symbol Location V-Scan Code
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354 VMware, Inc.
USB2.0supportisavailableonlyforWorkstation6virtualmachines.
Onthehostsystem,whenaUSB2.0deviceconnectstoaport,thedeviceconnectsto
theEHCIcontrollerandoperatesinUSB2.0mode.AUSB1.1deviceisautomatically
connectedtoaUHCIcontrollerandoperatesinUSB1.1mode.InWorkstation6virtual
machines,thissamebehaviorissimulatedifyouselectthecheckboxcalledEnable
highspeedsupportforUSB2.0devicesontheVM>Settings>Hardware>USB
Controllertab.SelectthischeckboxtoconnecthighspeedorisochronousUSBdevices
suchaswebcams,speakers,andmicrophones.
AlthoughyourhostoperatingsystemmustsupportUSB,youdonotneedtoinstall
devicespecificdriversforyourUSBdevicesinthehostoperatingsystemtousethose
devicesonlyinthevirtualmachine.
OnaWindows2000hostcomputerwithUSB2.0support,usetheMicrosoftUSB2.0
driverfortheUSBcontroller.ThirdpartyUSB2.0drivers,suchasthoseprovidedby
somemotherboardmanufacturers,arenotsupported.Fornotesonreplacingthe
thirdpartydrivers,seeReplacingUSB2.0DriversonaWindows2000Hoston
page 356.
VMwarehastestedavarietyofUSBdeviceswiththisrelease.Iftheguestoperating
systemhasappropriatedrivers,youshouldbeabletousePDAs,printers,storage(disk)
devices,scanners,MP3players,digitalcameras,andmemorycardreaders.
Modemsandcertainstreamingdatadevices,suchasspeakersandwebcams,donot
workproperlyunlessyouenableUSB2.0support,asdescribedearlierinthissection.
Enabling and Disabling the USB 2.0 Controller
ThevirtualmachinesUSBportsareenabledbydefault,althoughsupportfor
highspeedUSB2.0devicesisnotsupportedbydefault.IfyouwillnotbeusingUSB
devicesinavirtualmachine,youcandisable(orenable)itsUSBcontrollerusingthe
virtualmachinesettingseditor(fromthemenubar,choose
VM>Settings>Hardware>USBController).
USB2.0supportisavailableonlyforWorkstation6virtualmachines.TouseUSB2.0
devicesinaWorkstation5virtualmachine,youmustupgradethehardware
compatibilityleveltoWorkstation6.
NOTEWindowsNTandLinuxkernelsolderthan2.2.17donotsupportUSB.
OnWindowsXPguests,besuretoinstallthelatestservicepackifyouwanttouseUSB
2.0.IfyouuseWindowsXPwithnoservicepacks,thedriverfortheEHCIcontroller
cannotbeloaded.
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Chapter 15 Connecting Devices
Connecting USB Devices
ThetopicsinthissectiondescribeautomaticandmanualconnectionofUSBdevices.
Automatic Connection of USB Devices
Whenavirtualmachineisrunning,itswindowistheactivewindow,andifyoupluga
USBdeviceintothehostcomputer,thedeviceconnectstotheguestinsteadofthehost.
YoucandisablethisautoconnectfeatureintheUSBControllerpanelofthevirtual
machinesettingseditor(fromthemenubar,chooseVM>Settings>Hardware>USB
Controller).
Connecting USB Devices Manually
UsethefollowingproceduretomanuallyconnectspecificUSBdevicestoavirtual
machine.Usethisprocedureifthedevicedoesnotautomaticallyconnecttothevirtual
machine.
To connect a USB device manually
1 Selectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredon.
2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>RemovableDevices>USB Devices>
<DeviceName>.
Here<DeviceName>specifiestheUSBdevicethatispluggedintoyourhost
computer.Acheckmarkappearsnexttothedevicesname,indicatingthatitis
connected.
IfthephysicalUSBdevicesareconnectedtothehostcomputerthroughahub,the
virtualmachineseesonlytheUSBdevices,notthehub.
Ifyouphysicallypluganewdeviceintothehostcomputerandtheautoconnectfeature
doesnotconnectittoavirtualmachine,thismeansthedeviceisinsteadconnectedto
thehost.ItsnameisalsoaddedtotheVM>RemovableDevicesmenusoyoucan
connectittothevirtualmachinemanually.
Automatic Reconnection of USB Devices
WhenyoumanuallyconnectaUSBdevice(bychoosingVM>RemovableDevices),
Workstationretainsthevirtualmachinesconnectiontotheaffectedportonthehost
machine.Youcansuspendorpoweroffthevirtualmachine,orunplugthedevice.
Whenyouplugthedevicebackinorresumethevirtualmachine,Workstation
reconnectsthedevice.Workstationretainstheconnectionbywritinganautoconnect
entrytothevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.
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IfWorkstationisunabletoreconnecttothedevice(forexample,becausethedevicehas
beendisconnected),thedeviceisremoved,andamessageisdisplayed,indicatingthat
Workstationisunabletoconnecttothedevice.Youcanconnectmanuallytothedevice,
ifitisstillavailable.
Using USB with a Windows Host
WhenaparticularUSBdeviceisconnectedtoavirtualmachineforthefirsttime,the
hostdetectsitasanewdevicenamedVMwareUSBDeviceandinstallstheappropriate
VMwaredriver.
OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003hosts,confirmationisrequiredinthe
FoundNewHardwarewizard.Selectthedefaultaction,Installthesoftware
automatically.Afterthesoftwareisinstalled,theguestoperatingsystemdetectsthe
USBdeviceandsearchesforasuitabledriver.
WhenyouaresynchronizingaPDA,suchasaPalmhandheldorHandspringVisor,to
avirtualmachineforthefirsttime,thetotaltimerequiredtoloadtheVMwareUSB
devicedriverinthehostandthePDAdriverintheguestmightexceedthedevices
connectiontimeoutvalue.Thiscausesthedevicetodisconnectitselffromthecomputer
beforetheguestcansynchronizewithit.Ifthisoccurs,lettheguestfinishinstallingthe
PDAdriver,dismissanyconnectionerrorwarnings,andtrysynchronizingthePDA
again.Thesecondattemptshouldsucceed.
Replacing USB 2.0 Drivers on a Windows 2000 Host
TouseVMwareWorkstationonaWindows2000hostthathasUSB2.0ports,youmust
usetheMicrosoftUSB2.0driversfortheUSBcontrollerinthehostoperatingsystem.If
yourhostoperatingsystemisusingathirdpartydriveradriversuppliedbyyour
motherboardvendor,forexampleyoumustreplaceit.
To check the provider of your driver
1 OpentheDeviceManager,asfollows:
a RightclickMyComputerandchooseProperties.
b ClicktheHardwaretabandclickDeviceManager.
2 ExpandthelistingforUniversalSerialBuscontrollers.
3 RightclickthelistingforthecontrollerandchooseProperties.
4 ClicktheDrivertab.
IfthedriverprovidershownonthatpageisMicrosoft,youhavethecorrectdriver
already.
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IfthedriverproviderisnotMicrosoft,downloadthelatestUSBdriverforyourhost
operatingsystemfromtheMicrosoftWebsiteandfollowtheMicrosoftinstructionsto
installit.DetailsareavailableinMicrosoftknowledgebasearticle319973.
Using USB with a Linux Host
OnLinuxhosts,VMwareWorkstationusestheUSBdevicefilesystemtoconnectto
USBdevices.InmostLinuxsystemsthatsupportUSB,theUSBdevicefilesystemisat
/proc/bus/usb.
IfyourhostoperatingsystemusesadifferentpathtotheUSBdevicefilesystem,run
thefollowingcommandasroottomountthefilesystemtotheexpectedlocation:
mount -t usbfs none /proc/bus/usb
IfyouattachaUSBdrivetoaLinuxmachine,usetheabovementionedprocedureto
accessit.DonotattempttoaddaUSBdrivesdevicenode(forexample,/dev/sda)
directorytothevirtualmachineasaharddisk.Thatis,toaddaUSBdrive,usetheAdd
HardwarewizardtoaddaUSBController,notaharddisk.
How Device Control Is Shared Between Host and Guest
OnlythehostortheguestcanhavecontrolofaUSBdeviceatanyonetime.Device
controloperatesdifferently,dependingonwhetherthehostisaLinuxoraWindows
computer.
Device Control on a Windows Host
Whenyouconnectadevicetoavirtualmachine,itisunpluggedfromthehostor
fromthevirtualmachinethatpreviouslyhadcontrolofthedevice.Whenyou
disconnectadevicefromavirtualmachine,itispluggedintothehost.
OnWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer2003hosts,whenyouconnecta
USBnetworkorstoragedevicetoavirtualmachine,youmightseeamessageonyour
hostthatsaysthedevicecanberemovedsafely.Thisisnormalbehavior,andyoucan
dismissthedialogbox.However,donotremovethedevicefromyourphysical
computer.
CAUTIONOnWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer2003hosts,youneed
totakeaspecialsteptodisconnectUSBnetworkandstoragedevicesfromthehost
beforeconnectingthemtoavirtualmachine.Usetheappropriatesystemtrayiconto
disconnectthedevicefromthehost.OnWindows2000,theiconiscalledEject
Hardware,andonWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003,itiscalledSafelyRemove
Hardware.
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Undersomecircumstances,ifaUSBstoragedeviceisinuseonthehost(forexample,
oneormorefilesstoredonthedeviceareopenonthehost),anerrorappearsinthe
virtualmachinewhenyoutrytoconnecttothedevice.Youmustletthehostcomplete
itsoperationorcloseanyapplicationconnectedtothedeviceonthehost,andthen
connecttothedeviceinthevirtualmachineagain.
Device Control on a Linux Host
OnLinuxhosts,guestoperatingsystemscanusedevicesthatarenotalreadyinuseby
thehostthatis,devicesthatarenotclaimedbyahostoperatingsystemdriver.
Ifyourdeviceisinusebythehostandyoutrytoconnectittotheguestbyusingthe
VM>RemovableDevicesmenu,adialogboxappears,askingwhetheryouwantto
haveWorkstationdisconnectthedriveronthehost.
If,forsomereason,thisdisconnectionfails,youcanunloadthedevicedrivermanually
asroot(su -)byusingthermmodcommand.Or,ifthedriverwasautomaticallyloaded
byhotplug,youcandisableitinthehotplugconfigurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplug
directory.SeeyourLinuxdistributionsdocumentationfordetailsoneditingthese
configurationfiles.
Arelatedissuesometimesaffectsdevicesthatrelyonautomaticconnection(asPDAs
oftendo).Ifyouhavesuccessfullyusedautoconnectiontoconnectthedevicetoyour
virtualmachinebutthenexperienceproblemswiththeconnectiontothedevice,trythe
followingprocedure.
To correct autoconnection problems
1 Disconnectandreconnectthedevice.
YoucaneitherunplugitphysicallyandplugitbackinorusetheVM>Removable
Devicesmenutodisconnectitandreconnectit.
2 Ifyouseeadialogboxwarningthatthedeviceisinuse,disableitinthehotplug
configurationfilesinthe/etc/hotplugdirectory.
Disconnecting USB Devices from a Virtual Machine
BeforeunpluggingaUSBdeviceorusingtheVM>RemovableDevicesmenuto
disconnectitfromavirtualmachine,besureitisinasafestate.
Followtheproceduresthedevicemanufacturerspecifiesforunpluggingthedevice
fromaphysicalcomputer.Thisistruewhetheryouarephysicallyunpluggingit,
movingitfromhosttovirtualmachine,movingitbetweenvirtualmachines,ormoving
itfromvirtualmachinetohost.
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Thisisimportantwithdatastoragedevices(aZipdrive,forexample).Ifyoumovea
datastoragedevicetoosoonaftersavingafileandtheoperatingsystemhasnot
actuallywrittenthedatatothedisk,youcanlosedata.
Human Interface Devices
USBhumaninterfacedevices,suchasthekeyboardandmouse,arenothandledthough
thevirtualmachinesUSBcontroller.Instead,theyappearinthevirtualmachineasa
standardPS/2keyboardandmouse,eventhoughtheyarepluggedintoUSBportson
thehost.
Connecting to a Generic SCSI Device
GenericSCSIletsavirtualmachinerunanySCSIdevicethatissupportedbytheguest
operatingsysteminthevirtualmachine.GenericSCSIgivestheguestoperatingsystem
directaccesstoSCSIdevicesconnectedtothehost,suchasscannersandtapedrives.
Generic SCSI on a Windows Host Operating System
UsingtheSCSIgenericdriverinWindows,Workstationallowsyourguestoperating
systemtooperategenericSCSIdevicesinavirtualmachine.Thesedevicesinclude
scanners,tapedrives,andotherdatastoragedevices.
Intheory,genericSCSIiscompletelydeviceindependent,butVMwarehasdiscovered
itissensitivetotheguestoperatingsystem,deviceclass,andspecificSCSIhardware.
TryanySCSIhardwareyouwanttouseandreportproblemstoVMwaretechnical
support.
NOTEToaccesshostSCSIdevicesasgenericSCSIdevicesfromwithinavirtual
machine,youmustrunWorkstationasauserwithadministratoraccess.
NOTEIfyouareusinggenericSCSIdevicesinaWindows95,Windows98,or
WindowsMeguestoperatingsystemandareexperiencingproblemswiththedevices,
downloadthelatestMylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbusadapterfrom
www.lsilogic.com.ThisdriveroverrideswhatWindowschoosesasthebestdriver,but
itcorrectsknownproblems.
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Preparing a Windows XP or Windows Server 2003 Guest Operating
System to Use SCSI Devices
TouseSCSIdevicesina32bitWindowsXPvirtualmachine,youneedaspecialSCSI
driveravailablefromthedownloadsectionoftheVMwareWebsite
www.vmware.com/download.FollowtheinstructionsontheWebsitetoinstallthe
driver.
Preparing a Windows NT 4.0 Guest Operating System to Use SCSI
Devices
GenericSCSIdevicesusethevirtualMylex(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbus
adapterprovidedbythevirtualmachine.Someguestoperatingsystemsguideyou
throughinstallingthedriversafteryouinstallthefirstSCSIdeviceinthevirtual
machine.OnWindowsNT4.0,youmightneedtoinstallthedrivermanually,ifitisnot
alreadyinstalledforavirtualSCSIdisk.DosobeforeyouaddagenericSCSIdevice.
To install the BusLogic driver in a Windows NT 4.0 guest
1 HaveyourWindowsNTinstallationCDavailable.
2 OpentheSCSIAdapterscontrolpanelbychoosing:
Start>Settings>ControlPanel>SCSIAdapters
3 ClicktheDriverstabandclickAdd.
4 Inthelistofvendorsontheleft,selectBusLogic.
5 Inthelistofdriversontheright,selectBusLogicMultiMasterPCISCSIHost
AdaptersandclickOK.
6 InserttheWindowsNTCDwhenyouarepromptedandclickOK.
7 Rebootwhenyouareprompted.
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Adding a Generic SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine
ThefollowingprocedureprovidesinstructionsformappingvirtualSCSIdevicesto
physicalgenericSCSIdevicesonthehost.
To add a generic SCSI device to a virtual machine
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizardandclickNext.
4 SelectGenericSCSIDeviceandclickNext.
5 FromthedropdownlistofSCSIdevices,choosetheoneyouwanttouse.
Ifyoudonotseethedeviceyouwantinthelist,youmightneedtoadditmanually,
asdescribedinAddingaGenericSCSIDeviceNotDetectedbyWorkstation
(AdvancedUsers)onpage 362.
6 MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired.
7 ClickFinishtoreturntotheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
OntheHardwaretab,intheVirtualdevicenodesection,selecttheSCSIdevice
identifiertouseforthedrive.Forexample,ifyouselectSCSI0:2,theguest
operatingsystemseesthedriveasID2oncontroller0.
8 Poweronthevirtualmachine.
NOTEToremovethisdevice,launchthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,selectthe
genericSCSIdeviceandclickRemove.
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Adding a Generic SCSI Device Not Detected by Workstation (Advanced
Users)
ToaddagenericSCSIdevicetoavirtualmachine,ifWorkstationdoesnotdisplaythe
device(forexample,scannersonaWindows2000hostorsometapebackupdevices),
youneedtoaddthedevicemanuallytothevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.
ReasonsWorkstationcannotdetectadeviceinclude:
Adriverforthatdeviceisnotinstalledonthehost.
Adriveronthehostpreventsthedevicefrombeingdetected.
Thevirtualmachineusesadeviceforwhichtherearenodriversavailabletothe
hostoperatingsystem.
Addingadeviceinthismannerisrecommendedforadvancedusersonly.Beforeyou
attempttheproceduredescribedinthissection,verifywhetherthedevicedriveris
installedonthehost.Ifthedriverisnotinstalled,installitandseeifthedeviceappears
correctlytoWorkstation.Ifitdoesnotappearcorrectly,orifyoucannotordonotwant
toinstallthedriveronthehost,addthedevicemanuallytothevirtualmachine,as
describedintheprocedurethatfollows.
Whenaddingadevicemanuallytothevirtualmachine,usescsiX:Ynotationtorefer
tothedeviceonthehostinsteadofadevicenameWorkstationusessuchasCdRom0.For
thistypeofnotation,XistheSCSIbusonwhichthedeviceislocatedonthehostandY
isthetargetIDthedeviceusesonthehost.
Afewcircumstancesrequireyoutoaddorconfigurethedevicemanually.Followthe
directionsforthescenariothatmatchesyourcircumstance.Ineachcase,poweroffthe
virtualmachine,andopenthevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileinatexteditor
andmakethechangesdescribed.
CAUTIONBeforeyouaddthedevice,youmustdisabletheoriginalSCSIdevicedriver
onthehost.SomeWindowsoperatingsystemsdonotprocessthesendcommandfrom
theadapterifthedevicedriverisowningthedevice.
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Scenario 1: No SCSI Devices
Inthiscase,thevirtualmachinedoesnotcontainanySCSIadaptersordevices,oryou
wanttoaddagenericSCSIdevicetoanewvirtualSCSIadapterinthevirtualmachine.
Toaddthedevicetothevirtualmachine,addthefollowinglinestothevirtual
machinesconfigurationfile:
scsiZ:Y.present = "true"
scsiZ:Y.deviceType = "scsi-passthru"
scsiZ:Y.fileName = "scsiX:Y"
scsiZ.present = "true"
DefineX,Y,andZasfollows:
XistheSCSIbusthedeviceusesonthehostsystem.
YisthetargetIDthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachineandonthehost.Usethe
sametargetIDinthevirtualmachinethatthehostalreadyusesforthedeviceto
allowthedevicetoworkcorrectly.
ZistheSCSIbusthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachine.
Scenario 2: You Want to Use the Existing SCSI Device as a Generic SCSI
Inthiscase,thevirtualmachinehasaSCSIadapterandaSCSIdeviceandyouwantto
usethesamedeviceasagenericSCSIdevice.
ToconfigurethedeviceasagenericSCSIdevice,addthefollowinglinestothevirtual
machinesconfigurationfile:
scsiZ:Y.deviceType = "scsi-passthru"
scsiZ:Y.fileName = "scsiX:Y"
DefineX,Y,andZasfollows:
XistheSCSIbusthedeviceusesonthehostsystem.
YisthetargetIDthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachineandonthehost.Usethe
sametargetIDinthevirtualmachinethatthehostalreadyusesforthedeviceto
allowthedevicetoworkcorrectly.
ZistheSCSIbusthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachine.
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Scenario 3: Workstation Does Not Recognize the Generic SCSI Device
Inthiscase,thevirtualmachinehasaSCSIadapterandgenericSCSIdevice,but
Workstationdoesnotrecognizethedevicewhenthevirtualmachineispoweredon.
Lookforalineintheconfigurationfilethatlookslike:
scsiZ:Y.fileName = "<deviceName>"
Changethelineto:
scsiZ:Y.fileName = "scsiX:Y"
DefineX,Y,andZasfollows:
XistheSCSIbusthedeviceusesonthehostsystem.
YisthetargetIDthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachineandonthehost.Usethe
sametargetIDinthevirtualmachinethatthehostalreadyusesforthedeviceto
allowthedevicetoworkcorrectly.
ZistheSCSIbusthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachine.
Forexample,iftheproblematicdeviceisaCDROMdrive,theentryinthe
configurationfilemightbe:
scsi0:4.fileName = "CdRom0"
Ifthedeviceonthehostislocatedonbus2withtargetID4,changethislineto:
scsi0:4.fileName = "scsi2:4"
ThetargetIDthedeviceusesinthevirtualmachinemustbethesameasthetargetID
thedeviceusesonthehostsystem.
IfyoucannotdeterminetheSCSIbusnumber,tryusingathirdpartytoollikewinobj
(whichyoucandownloadforfreefromwww.sysinternals.com)todeterminethis
information.
ThedevicetargetIDisusuallysetbysomejumpersorswitchesonthedevice.Referto
theownersmanualforthedeviceforinformationonhowtodeterminethetargetID.
NOTETheSCSIbusisassignedanumberbythehostoperatingsystemafterallIDE
buseshavebeenassignednumbers.Forexample,ifyouhavetwoIDEbuses,theyare
numbered0and1.ThefirstSCSIbusisassignedbusnumber2.Intheexampleabove,
youuse2forX.
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Generic SCSI on a Linux Host Operating System
UsingtheSCSIgenericdriverinLinux,VMwareWorkstationallowsyourguest
operatingsystemtooperategenericSCSIdeviceswithinavirtualmachine.TheSCSI
genericdriversetsupamappingforeachSCSIdevicein/dev.Eachentrystartswith
sg(fortheSCSIgenericdriver)followedbyaletter.Forexample,/dev/sg0isthefirst
genericSCSIdevice.
EachentrycorrespondstoaSCSIdeviceintheorderspecifiedin/proc/scsi/scsi,
fromthelowestdeviceIDonthelowestadaptertothehighestdeviceIDonthelowest
adapter,andsoontothehighestdeviceIDonthehighestadapter.Donotenter
/dev/st0or/dev/sr0.
GenericSCSIrequiresversion2.1.36orhigheroftheSCSIGeneric(sg.o)driver,which
comeswithkernel2.2.14andhigher.
Avoiding Concurrent Access to a Generic SCSI Device
SomeLinuxdevicessuchastapedrives,diskdrives,andCDROMdrives,alreadyhave
adesignated/deventry(st,sd,andsr,respectively).WhentheSCSIgenericdriveris
installed,Linuxidentifiesthesedeviceswithcorrespondingsgentriesin/devin
additiontotheirtraditionalentries.Workstationensuresthatmultipleprogramsare
notusingthesame/dev/sgentryatthesametimebutcannotalwaysensurethat
multipleprogramsarenotusingthe/dev/sgentryandthetraditional/deventryat
thesametime.
Permissions on a Generic SCSI Device
YoumusthavereadandwritepermissionsonagivengenericSCSIdevicetousethe
devicewithinavirtualmachine,evenifthedeviceisareadonlydevicesuchasa
CDROMdrive.Thesedevicestypicallydefaulttorootonlypermissions.Your
administratorshouldcreateagroupwithaccesstoreadandwritetothesedevicesand
addtheappropriateuserstothatgroup.
NOTEWhensettingupagenericSCSIdeviceinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,as
describedlaterinthissection,specifythedeviceyouwanttoinstallinthevirtual
machinebytypingits/dev/sgentryintheConnectionfield.Youmustbeloggedon
asauserwhohaspermissionstousethedevice.
WARNINGDonotattempttousethesamegenericSCSIdeviceinbothhostandguest.
Thiscancauseunexpectedbehaviorandmightcauselossorcorruptionofdata.
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Device Support
Intheory,genericSCSIiscompletelydeviceindependent,butVMwarehasdiscovered
itissensitivetotheguestoperatingsystem,deviceclass,andspecificSCSIhardware.
TryanySCSIhardwareandreportproblemstoVMwaretechnicalsupport.
Adding a Generic SCSI Device to a Virtual Machine
ThefollowingprocedureprovidesinstructionsformappingvirtualSCSIdevicesto
physicalgenericSCSIdevicesonthehost.
To set up a generic SCSI device
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 ClickAddtostarttheAddHardwarewizardandclickNext.
4 SelectGenericSCSIDeviceandclickNext.
5 OntheChooseSCSIDevicepage,fromthedropdownlistofSCSIdevicesthatare
availablefromthehost,choosetheoneyouwanttouse.
6 MakesuretheConnectatpoweroncheckboxisselectedifdesired.
7 ClickFinishtoreturntotheHardwaretabofthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
OntheHardwaretab,intheVirtualdevicenodesection,selectwhichSCSIdevice
identifiertouseforthedrive.Forexample,ifyouselectSCSI0:2,theguest
operatingsystemseesthedriveasID2oncontroller0.
8 Poweronthevirtualmachine.
NOTEIfyouusegenericSCSIdevicesinaWindows95,98,orMeguestoperating
systemandareexperiencingproblemswiththedevices,downloadthelatestMylex
(BusLogic)BT/KT958compatiblehostbusadapterfromwww.lsilogic.com.Thisdriver
overrideswhatWindowschoosesasthebestdriver,butitcorrectsknownproblems.
TouseSCSIdevicesina32bitWindowsXPvirtualmachine,youneedaspecialSCSI
driveravailablefromthedownloadsectionoftheVMwareWebsiteat
www.vmware.com/download.
NOTEToremovethisdevice,launchthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,selectthe
genericSCSIdeviceandclickRemove.
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Using Two-Way Virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing
(Experimental)
Forallsupportedconfigurationsof32bitand64bithostandguestoperatingsystems
runningonmultiprocessorhostmachines,Workstationversions5.5andhigherprovide
experimentalsupportfortwowayvirtualSymmetricMultiprocessing(VirtualSMP).
Thisenablesyoutoassigntwovirtualprocessorstoavirtualmachineonanyhost
machinethathasatleasttwologicalprocessors.
Thefollowingareallconsideredtohavetwoormorelogicalprocessors:
AmultiprocessorhostwithtwoormorephysicalCPUs
AsingleprocessorhostwithamulticoreCPU
Asingleprocessorhostwithhyperthreadingenabled
GuestswithmorethantwovirtualprocessorsarenotsupportedinWorkstation.
However,youcanpoweronandrunmultipledualprocessorvirtualmachines
concurrently.
Thenumberofvirtualprocessorsforagivenvirtualmachineisdisplayedinthe
summaryviewofthevirtualmachine.Youcansetthenumberofprocessorsforthe
virtualmachineineithertheNewVirtualMachinewizardorthevirtualmachine
settingseditor:
Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor:FromtheWorkstationmenubar,choose
VM>Settings,andontheHardwaretab,selectProcessorsandspecifythenumber.
IntheNewVirtualMachinewizard:Choosetocreateacustomconfiguration,and
whenyoucometotheProcessorConfigurationpage,specifythenumber.
Ifthehostisauniprocessormachineandisnothyperthreaded,assigningtwo
processorsisneithersupportednorrecommended:awarningmessagewillappear.You
candisregardthismessageandassigntwoprocessorstothevirtualmachine,butafter
youfinishcreatingthevirtualmachine,youwillnotbeabletopoweritonunlessyou
moveittoahostmachinewithatleasttwologicalprocessors.
VirtualmachineswithSMParesupportedonlyforWorkstationversions5.5andhigher.
NOTEOnhyperthreadeduniprocessorhosts,performanceofvirtualmachineswith
VirtualSMPmightbesubpar.
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Moving SMP Virtual Machines Between Workstation and ESX
Server
YoucanuseWorkstation5.5orlater,runningonamultiprocessorhostmachine,toopen
avirtualmachinecreatedinVMwareESXServerthathasoneormorevirtual
processors.However,inWorkstationyoucannotpoweronavirtualmachinethathas
morethantwovirtualprocessorsassigned,evenifmoreprocessorswereassigned
whenthevirtualmachinewascreatedinESXServer.
Youcanseethissettinginthevirtualmachinessummaryvieworbyusingthevirtual
machinesettingseditor,asfollows:FromtheWorkstationmenubar,choose
VM>Settings>Hardware>Processors,andnotethatNumberofProcessorsissetto
Other(x),wherexisthenumberofprocessorsoriginallyassignedinESXServer.
Workstationpreservesthisoriginalconfigurationsettingforthenumberofprocessors,
eventhoughtwoisthemaximumnumberofprocessorssupported.Youmustchange
thissettingtooneortwoprocessorsbeforeyoucanpoweronthevirtualmachinein
Workstation.Afteryoucommitachangetothissetting,theoriginalsettingfornumber
ofprocessorsisdiscardedandnolongerappearsasanoptioninthevirtualmachine
settingseditor.
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16
ThischapterofferssuggestionsforgettingthebestperformancefromVMware
Workstationandyourvirtualmachines.Thischaptercontainsthefollowingtopics:
ConfiguringandMaintainingtheHostComputeronpage 369
ConfiguringVMwareWorkstationandVirtualMachinesonpage 372
ConfiguringGuestOperatingSystemsonpage 381
UsingtheMicrosoftPerformanceConsoletoMonitorVirtualMachine
Performanceonpage 388
Configuring and Maintaining the Host Computer
Thehostcomputerisanobviousplacetolooktoimproveperformance.Thissection
discussesthesekeyareas.
CPU
Avoidovercommittingthehostprocessors.Theperformanceofvirtualmachines
dependsonthecapacityofthehostmachinesprocessororprocessors,andmight
degradesignificantlyifyouovercommittheprocessorsbyrunningtoomanyvirtual
machinesatthesametime.
Memory
Althoughtheminimumrequiredamountofmemoryis512MB,VMwarerecommends
atleast2GBofmemoryforbestperformance.Youmusthaveenoughmemorytorun
thehostoperatingsystem,plusthememoryrequiredforeachguestoperatingsystem
andforapplicationsonthehostandguest.
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Using More Than 1GB of Memory on a Linux Host
Bydefault,Linuxkernelsinthe2.2.xseriessupport1GBofphysicalmemory.Touse
morememoryinLinux,takeoneofseveralapproaches:
Upgradetoa2.4.xserieskernelthatallowsformorephysicalmemory.
Recompileyourkernelasa2GBkernelbyusingtheCONFIG_2GBoption.
EnabletheCONFIG_BIGMEMoptiontomapmorephysicalmemory,asdescribed
laterinthissection.
CONFIG_2GB Option
TheCONFIG_2GBoptioncallsforrecompilingyourkernelasa2GBkernel.Recompile
yourkernelwithCONFIG_2GBenabled.ThisallowsLinuxtosupportnearly2GBof
physicalmemorybydividingtheaddressspaceintoa2GBusersectionanda2GB
kernelsection(asopposedtothenormaldivisionof3GBforuserand1GBforkernel).
CONFIG_BIGMEM Option
WiththeCONFIG_BIGMEMoptionenabled,thekerneldoesnotdirectlyaddressallof
physicalmemory,anditcanthenmap1GB(or2GB)ofphysicalmemoryintothe
addressspaceatatime.Thisallowstheuseofallofphysicalmemoryatthecostof
changingthesemanticsthekernelusestomapvirtualtophysicaladdresses.However,
VMwareproductsexpectphysicalmemorytobemappeddirectlyinthekernels
addressspaceandthusdonotnormallyworkproperlywiththeCONFIG_BIGMEM
optionenabled.
Ifyouareusinga1GBkernelwithCONFIG_BIGMEMenabledandhave960MBto
1983MBofmemory,Workstationdoesnotrun.Toworkaroundthisissue,youcan
either:
Recompilethekernelasa2GBkernelbyenablingtheCONFIG_2GBoption.This
allowsfor100percentuseofphysicalmemory.
Passtheboottimeswitchmem=959MattheLILOprompt,oraddittolilo.conf,
todisableCONFIG_BIGMEMandthusallowyoutorunWorkstation.Todothis,
tryoneofthefollowing:
AttheLILOprompt,typelinux-2.2.16xxx mem=959M.
Editlilo.conf.Inthekernelsection,addthisline:
append mem="959M"
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Ifyouhavea1GBkernelwithCONFIG_BIGMEMenabledandhavemorethan1983MB
ofmemory,youcandooneofthefollowing:
Recompilethekernelasa2GBkernelbyenablingtheCONFIG_2GBoptionand
eitherpasstheboottimeswitchmem=1983MattheLILOpromptoradditto
lilo.conf.Tousetheswitch,dooneofthefollowing:
AttheLILOprompt,typelinux-2.2.16xxx mem=1983M.
Editlilo.conf.Inthekernelsection,addthisline:
append mem="1983M"
Passtheboottimeswitchmem=959MattheLILOpromptoraddittolilo.confto
disableCONFIG_BIGMEM.Tousetheswitch,dooneofthefollowing:
AttheLILOprompt,typelinux-2.2.16xxx mem=959M.
Editlilo.conf.Inthekernelsection,addthisline:
append mem="959M"
Ifyouareusinga2GBkernelwithCONFIG_BIGMEMenabledandhave1984MBor
morememory,Workstationdoesnotrun.Youcaneitherpasstheboottimeswitch
mem=1983MattheLILOprompt,oraddittolilo.conftodisableCONFIG_BIGMEM
andthusallowyoutorunWorkstation.Tousetheswitch,dooneofthefollowing:
AttheLILOprompt,typelinux-2.2.16xxx mem=1983M.
Editlilo.conf.Inthekernelsection,addthisline:
append mem="1983M"
Disks
Forbestperformance,avoidthesituationofverylowfreespaceonthehostdisk.
PerformancecandegradeconsiderablywhenWorkstationhastouseanearlyfullhost
harddisktodovariousvirtualdiskoperationssuchasgrowtheguestsparsedisk,take
asnapshot,orappendtoredofiles.
Enabling Host Disk Caching on Microsoft Windows Hosts
OnWindowshosts,theDiskPropertiesPoliciespageassociatedwitheachharddrive
providesacheckboxforenablingwritecachingonthediskand,insomecases,
enablingadvancedperformanceonthedisk.Checkingoneorbothoftheseboxescan
improvehostdiskperformanceingeneral.Checkingthemforthehostdiskscontaining
VMwarevirtualdiskfilescanimproveVMwarediskperformanceinparticular,
especiallywhenVMwareismakingheavyuseofthedisk.Thefollowingprocedure
providesinstructionsforusingthesesettingsonaWindowsXPhost.
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To enable write caching on a Windows XP host
1 OnthehostcomputersdesktopopenMyComputer.
2 RightclicktheharddiskandchoosePropertiesfromthemenuthatappears.
3 OntheHardwaretab,selecttheharddriveandclickthePropertiesbutton.
4 OnthePoliciestab,selectEnablewritecachingonthedisk,and,optionally,select
Optimizeforperformance.
5 ClickOK.
Networking
Ifyoursystemhasmultiplephysicalnetworkinterfacecards(NICs),eitherbuiltinor
inPCIslots,tomakesurethatyouareusingtheintendedNIC,trydisablingtheother
NICs.
Increasing NIC Interrupt Coalescing
IncreasinghostNICinterruptcoalescingcanimproveperformanceforworkloads
involvingheavynetworktrafficintotheguest.Interruptcoalescingisafeature
implementedinhardwareunderdrivercontrolonhighperformanceNICs.Interrupt
coalescingallowstheoperatingsystemkerneltobenotifiedofthereceptionofagroup
ofnetworkframesthroughasinglehardwareinterrupt.
Configuring VMware Workstation and Virtual Machines
Thissectionoffersadviceandinformationaboutfactorsthatcanaffecttheperformance
ofWorkstationandvirtualmachines.Itlistsconfigurationsettingsyoumakebyusing
Workstationratherthanbyusingoperatingsystemtoolsinthehostorguest.
WARNINGPoweroutageorequipmentfailurecanresultindatalossorcorruptionwith
thisoptionenabled.
NOTEInadditiontotheWorkstationconfigurationoptionsdiscussedinthissection,
alwaysinstallVMwareToolsinanyguestoperatingsystemforwhichaVMwareTools
packageexists.InstallingVMwareToolsprovidesbettervideoandmouseperformance
andalsogreatlyimprovestheusabilityofthevirtualmachine.Fordetails,see
InstallingandUpgradingVMwareToolsonpage 115.
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CPU
Thissectionincludesthefollowingtopics:
DisconnectingtheCDROMonpage 373
ConfiguringProcessSchedulingonWindowsHostsonpage 373
Disconnecting the CD-ROM
DisconnectingCDROMdevicesreducesCPUusage.ConfigureyourvirtualCDROM
drivetostartdisconnected.Thedriveappearsinthevirtualmachine,butitalways
appearstocontainnodisk(andWorkstationdoesnotconnecttoyourhostCDROM
drive).
TouseaCDROMinthevirtualmachine,chooseVM>RemovableDevices,and
connecttheCDROMdrive.
To configure the virtual CD-ROM to start disconnected
1 Selectthevirtualmachine.
Thevirtualmachinecanbepoweredonoroff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings>Hardware>DVD/CDROM.
3 IntheCDROMsettingspanel,deselecttheConnectatpoweroncheckboxand
clickOK.
YoucanalsousetheVM>RemovableDevicesmenutodisconnectyourCDROMdrive
ifyoudonotneedtouseit.
Configuring Process Scheduling on Windows Hosts
Bydefault,theprocesseswithinavirtualmachinecontendequallyforresourceswith
allotherprocessesrunningonthehost,regardlessofwhetherornotthemouseand
keyboardaregrabbedbythevirtualmachine.
WorkstationonaWindowshostprovidesconfigurationoptionsthatletyouadjust
schedulingprioritiestomeetyourneeds.Theseconfigurationoptionsareavailable:
Onaglobalbasis,forallvirtualmachines.UsetheWorkstationpreferenceeditor,
asfollows:FromtheWorkstationmenubar,choosetheEdit>Preferencesandclick
thePrioritytab.
Onapervirtualmachinebasis,forvirtualmachinesonwhichyouwantto
overridethedefaultglobalsetting.Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditor,as
follows:Selectthevirtualmachine,andfromtheWorkstationmenubar,choose
VM>Settings.OntheOptionstab,selectAdvanced.
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Thesemenuitemsallowyoutospecifyeitherhighornormalprioritywhenthemouse
andkeyboardaregrabbedbythevirtualmachineandeithernormalorlowpriority
whentheyarenotgrabbed.Bydefault,thepriorityforvirtualmachineprocessingisset
toNormalforbothinputgrabbedandinputungrabbed.
Ifyouhavemanybackgroundprocessesorapplicationsandyoudonotcarewhether
theyrunwithfairlylowrelativeprioritywhileWorkstationisintheforeground,set
InputgrabbedtoHigh,andsetInputungrabbedtoNormal.Youshouldseea
noticeableperformanceboostwhenusingonevirtualmachinewhileanothervirtual
machineisrunningorwhilesomeotherprocessorintensivetask(acompile,for
example)isrunninginthebackground.
Conversely,ifyourhostmachinerunstoosluggishlywhenavirtualmachineisrunning
inthebackground,youcandirectthevirtualmachinetodropitsprioritywhenitdoes
nothavecontrolofthemouseandkeyboard.SetInputgrabbedtoNormal,andset
InputungrabbedtoLow.
Memory
VMwareWorkstationallowsyoutoadjustthefollowingmemoryrelatedsettings:
Memorysizeofaparticularvirtualmachine.
AmountofthehostcomputersRAMthatcanbeusedforallvirtualmachines
combined.
Extenttowhichyouwanttoallowthehostoperatingsystemsmemorymanager
toswapvirtualmachinesoutofphysicalRAM.
Byadjustingthesethreesettings,youcanaffectbothvirtualmachineandoverall
systemperformance.
Setting the Memory Size of a Virtual Machine
Thefirstconfigurationparameteryoucansetisthesizeofanindividualvirtual
machinesmemory.Theguestmemorysizeshouldnotbesetlowerthantheminimum
recommendationsoftheoperatingsystemprovider.
Youcanspecifytheamountofmemoryforavirtualmachineeitherwhenyoucreateit,
byusingtheNewVirtualMachinewizard,orafteryoucreateit,byusingthevirtual
machinesettingseditor:
Inthevirtualmachinesettingseditor:FromtheWorkstationmenubar,choose
VM>Settings,andontheHardwaretab,selectMemoryandspecifythenumber.
IntheNewVirtualMachinewizard:Choosetocreateacustomconfiguration,and
whenyoucometotheMemoryfortheVirtualMachinepage,specifythenumber.
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ThetypicalconfigurationusedbytheNewVirtualMachinewizardsetsreasonable
defaultsforthememory,basedonthetypeoftheguestoperatingsystemandthe
amountofmemoryinthehostcomputer.Thisvaluealsoappearsinthevirtualmachine
settingseditorastherecommendedmemoryvalue.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoralsoshowsavalueforthemaximumamountof
memoryforbestperformance.Ifyouhaveonlyonevirtualmachinerunningonthe
hostandyousetvirtualmachinememorytothisvalue,thevirtualmachinecanrun
entirelyinRAM.AvirtualmachinerunningcompletelyinRAMperformsbetterthan
avirtualmachinethatmustswapsomeofitsmemorytodisk.
Theactualmemorysizeyoushouldgivetoavirtualmachinedependsonafew
considerations:
Thekindsofapplicationsthatwillruninthevirtualmachine.
Othervirtualmachinesthatwillcontendwiththisvirtualmachineformemory
resources.
Applicationsthatwillrunonthehostatthesametimeasthevirtualmachine.
Asofversion6.0ofWorkstation,thetotalamountofmemoryyoucanassigntoall
virtualmachinesrunningonasinglehostisunlimited.Themaximumamountof
memorypervirtualmachineis8GB.
Reserving Memory for Workstation
Hostoperatingsystemsdonotbehavewellwhentheyrunlowonfreememoryfortheir
ownuse.WhenaWindowsorLinuxhostoperatingsystemdoesnothaveenoughRAM
foritsownuse,itthrashes.Thatis,itconstantlyswapsdatabetweenRAMandits
pagingfileondisk.
ThesecondconfigurationparameteryoucansetisthemaximumamountofRAMthat
Workstationisallowedtoreserveforallrunningvirtualmachinescombined.Tosetthis
parameter,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,choosetheEdit>Preferencesandclickthe
Memorytab.TheRAMusedbyWorkstationincludestheRAMmadeavailabletothe
guestoperatingsystemsplusasmallamountofoverheadmemoryassociatedwith
runningavirtualmachine.
Tohelpguardagainsthavingvirtualmachinescausethehosttothrash,Workstation
enforcesalimitonthetotalamountofRAMthatcanbeconsumedbyvirtualmachines.
Somememorymustbekeptavailableonthehosttoensurethehostisabletooperate
NOTEYoucannotallocatemorethan2GBofmemorytoavirtualmachinewhenthe
virtualmachinesfilesarestoredonahostfilesystemthatdoesnotsupportfilesgreater
than2GB.Forexample,thisrestrictionappliestoFATfilesystems.
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properlywhilevirtualmachinesarerunning.Theamountofmemoryreservedforthe
hostdependsonthehostoperatingsystemandthesizeofthehostcomputersmemory.
Specifying the Amount of Memory That Can Be Swapped to Disk
Bydefault,Workstationlimitsthenumberofvirtualmachinesthatcanrunatonce
basedontheamountofmemoryspecifiedintheapplicationsettings.Thisprevents
virtualmachinesfromcausingeachothertoperformpoorly.
Toallowmoreorlargervirtualmachinestorun,adjustathirdsetting:theamountof
virtualmachinememorythatthehostoperatingsystemcanswaptodisk.Tochange
thissetting,choosetheEdit>Preferences,clicktheMemorytab,andselectoneofthe
followingradiobuttons:
FitallvirtualmachinememoryintoreservedhostRAMStrictlyapplythe
reservedmemorylimitsetinthetopofthepanel.Thissettingimposesthetightest
restrictionsonthenumberandmemorysizeofvirtualmachinesthatcanrunata
giventime.BecausethevirtualmachinesarerunningentirelyinRAM,theyhave
thebestpossibleperformance.
AllowsomevirtualmachinememorytobeswappedAllowthehostoperating
systemtoswapamoderateamountofvirtualmachinememorytodiskifnecessary.
Thissettingallowsyoutoincreasethenumberormemorysizeofvirtualmachines
thatcanrunonthehostcomputeratagiventime.Unfortunately,itmightalso
resultinreducedperformanceifvirtualmachinememorymustbeshiftedbetween
RAManddisk.
AllowmostvirtualmachinememorytobeswappedThisoptioncanresultin
lowerperformancethantheotheroptions.Itallowsthehostoperatingsystemto
swapasmuchvirtualmachinememorytodiskasitwants.Thissettingallowsyou
torunevenmorevirtualmachineswithevenmorememorythantheintermediate
settingdoes.
Disabling Memory Trimming
Workstationusesamemorytrimmingtechniquetoreturnunusedvirtualmachine
memorytothehostmachineforotheruses.Althoughmemorytrimmingusuallyhas
littleimpactonperformanceandmightbeneededinlowmemorysituations,theI/O
causedbymemorytrimmingcansometimesinterferewithdiskorientedworkload
performanceinaguest.
Youcandisablememorytrimmingforaguestinthevirtualmachinesettingseditor
(fromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Settings>Options>Advanced).Inthe
Settingssection,selectDisablememorypagetrimming.
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Disabling Page Sharing
VMwareusesapagesharingtechniquetoallowguestmemorypageswithidentical
contentstobestoredasasinglecopyonwritepage.Manyworkloadspresent
opportunitiesforsharingmemoryacrossvirtualmachines.Forexample,severalvirtual
machinesmightberunninginstancesofthesameguestoperatingsystem,havethe
sameapplicationsorcomponentsloaded,orcontaincommondata.
Withmemorysharing,aworkloadoftenconsumeslessmemorythanitwouldwhen
runningonaphysicalmachine.Asaresult,thesystemcansupporthigherlevelsof
overcommitmentefficiently.
Theamountofmemorysavedbymemorysharingishighlydependentonworkload
characteristics.Aworkloadthatconsistsofmanynearlyidenticalvirtualmachines
mightfreeupmorethan30percentofmemory,whereasamorediverseworkload
mightresultinsavingsoflessthan5percentofmemory.
Workstationmemorysharingrunsasabackgroundactivitythatscansforsharing
opportunitiesovertime.Forafairlyconstantworkload,theamountofmemorysaved
generallyincreasesslowlyuntilallsharingopportunitiesareexploited.
Althoughpagesharingdecreaseshostmemoryusage,itdoesconsumesystem
resources,potentiallyincludingI/Obandwidth.Youmightwanttoavoidthisoverhead
forguestsforwhichhostmemoryisplentifulandI/Olatencyisimportant.Todisable
pagesharing,addthefollowinglinetothevirtualmachineconfiguration(.vmx)file:
sched.mem.pshare.enable = "FALSE"
Disks
Thissectionincludesthefollowingtopics:
AvoidingRemoteDiskAccessonpage 377
UsingSCSIDisksRatherThanIDEDisksonpage 378
RemovingSnapshotsonpage 378
UsingPersistentModeonpage 378
Avoiding Remote Disk Access
VMwarerecommendsplacingvirtualdisksonlocalharddrivesforoptimal
performance.Ifyoumustaccessvirtualdisksoverthenetwork,usethefastestavailable
networkconnection.Alsotrythestrategydescribedinthefollowingprocedure.
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To use virtual hard disks stored on a remote machine
1 Selectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Settings>Options.
3 SelectGeneralandsettheworkingdirectorytoadirectoryonyourlocalharddisk.
4 Thentakeasnapshot.
Afteryoutakethesnapshot,changesyoumakearestoredlocallyintheworking
directory.
Using SCSI Disks Rather Than IDE Disks
Whenyoucreateavirtualdisk,eitherbyusingtheNewVirtualMachinewizardorby
usingtheAddNewHardwarewizard,youmustchooseadisktype,whichcanbe
eitherSCSIorIDE.VirtualSCSIdisksperformbetterthanvirtualIDEdisks.Thedefault
disktypeselectedinthewizardisusuallySCSI.
Thedefaultdependsontheoperatingsystemofthevirtualmachine,however.Tousea
SCSIdisk,theguestoperatingsystemmusthaveadriverfortheLSILogicorBusLogic
SCSIadapteravailableinthevirtualmachine.YouchoosewhichSCSIadaptertouseat
thetimeyoucreatethevirtualmachine.
TouseSCSIdisksina32bitWindowsXPvirtualmachine,youneedaspecialSCSI
driverthatisnotavailableinthevirtualmachine.Itisavailablefromthedownload
sectionoftheVMwareWebsiteatwww.vmware.com/download.Followthe
instructionsontheWebsitetousethedriverwithafreshinstallationofWindowsXP.
Removing Snapshots
Ifyoudonotusethesnapshotfeature,runyourvirtualmachinewithnosnapshot.This
providesbestperformance.Tobesureavirtualmachinehasnosnapshot,fromthe
Workstationmenubar,chooseVM>Snapshot>SnapshotManager.Ifyouseea
snapshotyoudonotwant,selectitandclicktheDeletebutton.
Using Persistent Mode
Normally,virtualdisksareconfiguredsothatifyoutakeasnapshot,dataonthedisk
isrecordedinthesnapshot.Youcan,however,makethediskindependent,sothat
snapshotsdonotincludediskinformation.Anindependentdiskcanbepersistentor
nonpersistent.Withpersistentdisks,changesareimmediatelyandpermanently
writtentothedisk.Independent,persistentdiskshavebetterperformancethandisks
whosedataisrecordedinsnapshots.
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To set a virtual disk to use independent, persistent mode
1 Selectthevirtualmachine.
Makesurethevirtualmachineispoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 SelectHardDiskandclickAdvanced.
TheAdvanceddialogboxopens.
4 IntheModesection,selecttheIndependentcheckboxandselectPersistent.
5 ClickOKinboththeAdvanceddialogboxandthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
Networking
Ifyouplantooftencopylargefilesbetweenthehostandguest,youmightfindthat
usingbridgednetworkingresultsinbetterperformancethanusingNAT.Fora
discussionofthenetworkstrategies,seeNetworkBasicsonpage 274.
Additional Suggestions for Improving Performance
Thissectionincludesthefollowingtopics:
SelectingtheCorrectGuestOperatingSystemonpage 379
TurningOffDebuggingModeonpage 380
LoggingVirtualMachineProgressPeriodicallyonpage 381
Selecting the Correct Guest Operating System
Makecertainyouselectthecorrectguestoperatingsystemforeachofyourvirtual
machines.Tochecktheguestoperatingsystemsetting,fromtheWorkstationmenubar,
chooseVM>Settings>Options>General.
Workstationoptimizescertaininternalconfigurationsonthebasisofthisselection.For
thisreason,itisimportanttosettheguestoperatingsystemcorrectly.The
optimizationscangreatlyaidtheoperatingsystemtheytarget,buttheycancause
significantperformancedegradationifthereisamismatchbetweentheselectionand
theoperatingsystemactuallyrunninginthevirtualmachine.(Selectingthewrong
guestoperatingsystemshouldnotcauseavirtualmachinetorunincorrectly,butit
mightdegradethevirtualmachinesperformance.)
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Turning Off Debugging Mode
Workstationhasthreemodesforcollectingdebugginginformation:normalmode
(whichmeansthatnodebugginginformationisgathered),statisticsmode,andfull
debuggingmode.Innormalmode,thevirtualmachinerunsfasterthanintheother
modes.AsoftheWorkstation6release,youdonotneedtorestartthevirtualmachine
afterchangingthedebuggingmode.
Fornormaluse,makesureyouarenotrunningindebuggingmode,asdescribedinthe
procedureinthissection.
Youmightneedtouseoneoftheothermodesunderthefollowingconditions:
Ifthevirtualmachinesometimescrashesandyouwanttodeterminethecause,use
fulldebuggingmodesothatyoucansendthedebugginglogstoVMwaretechnical
support.
If,innormalmode,thevirtualmachinerunsextremelyslowlyundersome
workloads,andyouwanttodeterminethecause,usestatisticsmodesothatyou
cansendthestatisticsfiletoVMwaretechnicalsupport.
Afteryougeneratesomedebugginginformation,runthevm-supportscript,as
describedinReportingProblemsonpage 17,andsendtheoutputtoVMware
technicalsupport.
Whenthecauseandremedyforanissuehavebeenfound,returntonormalmode.
To set a debugging mode
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Thevirtualmachinecanbeeitherpoweredonorpoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
NOTEIfyouturnontherecord/replayfeature,byenablingtheEnableexecution
recordandreplaycheckbox(VM>Settings>Options>Snapshot/Replay),the
debuggingmodeautomaticallygetssettoFull.Ifyoulaterdisablerecord/replay,you
needtomanuallysetdebuggingmodebacktoNormal.
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3 ClicktheOptionstab,andselectAdvanced.
4 IntheSettingssection,settheGatherdebugginginformationcontroltothe
desiredmodeandclickOK.
Thesemodesweredescribedatthebeginningofthissection.
Youdonotneedtorestartthevirtualmachineforthenewdebuggingleveltotake
effect.
Logging Virtual Machine Progress Periodically
Forbestperformance,youwillusuallynotrunWorkstationinfulldebuggingmode.
Evenifyouencounteranissuethatrequirestroubleshooting,youmightnotneedto
enabledebuggingmode.Instead,first,trythefollowingproceduretoincreasethe
amountoflogginginformationcollected.
To log progress periodically
1 StartWorkstationandselectthevirtualmachine.
Thevirtualmachinecanbeeitherpoweredonorpoweredoff.
2 ChooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
3 ClicktheOptionstab,andselectAdvanced.
4 IntheSettingssection,selectthecheckboxcalledLogvirtualmachineprogress
periodicallyandclickOK.
Configuring Guest Operating Systems
Thetipsinthissectionhelpyoumakeadjustmentstoimproveperformancefor
particularguestoperatingsystemsrunninginsideavirtualmachine.
CPU
AvoidCDROMdrivepollingonoldersystems.Someoperatingsystems,including
WindowsNTandWindows98,polltheCDROMdriveeverysecondorsotosee
whetheradiskispresent.(Thisallowsthemtorunautorunprograms.)Thispollingcan
causeWorkstationtoconnecttothehostCDROMdrive,whichcanmakeitspinup
whilethevirtualmachineappearstopause.
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IfyouhaveaCDROMdrivethattakesanespeciallylongtimetospinup,eliminate
thesepausesbydisablingthepollinginsideyourguestoperatingsystem.Themethod
variesbyoperatingsystem.ForrecentMicrosoftWindowsoperatingsystems,the
easiestwayistouseTweakUIfromthePowerToysutilities.Forinformationonfinding
TweakUIandinstallingitinyourguestoperatingsystem,gotowww.microsoft.com
andsearchforTweakUI.
Disks
Thissectionincludesthefollowingtopics:
TurningonDMAModeforIDEDisksonpage 382
DefragmentingDiskDrivesonpage 384
Turning on DMA Mode for IDE Disks
Thediskoptions(SCSIorIDE)andtypes(virtualorphysical)affectperformancein
manyways.Insideavirtualmachine,SCSIdisksandIDEdisksthatusedirectmemory
access(DMA)haveapproximatelythesameperformance.However,IDEdiskscanbe
veryslowinaguestoperatingsystemthateithercannotuseorisnotsettouseDMA.
TheeasiestwaytoconfigureaLinuxguesttouseDMAforIDEdriveaccessistoinstall
VMwareTools(seeInstallingVMwareToolsonaLinuxGuestonpage 125).Among
otherthings,theinstallationprocesssetsIDEvirtualdrivestouseDMA.
InnewerversionsofWindows,DMAaccessisenabledbydefault.InolderWindows
guestoperatingsystems,themethodforchangingthesettingvarieswiththeoperating
system.Seethefollowingsectionsfordetails:
TurningonDMAModeforWindows95/98GuestswithIDEDisksonpage 382
TurningonDMAModeforWindowsNTGuestswithIDEDisksonpage 383
Turning on DMA Mode for Windows 95/98 Guests with IDE Disks
Windows95OSR2andlater(includingWindows98)canusedirectmemoryaccess
(DMA)forfasteraccesstoIDEharddisks.However,thisfeaturemightnotbeenabled
bydefault.
YoucanturnonDMAaccessbyusingtheguestoperatingsystemsDeviceManager.
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To turn on DMA access
1 Ontheguestoperatingsystemsdesktop,rightclickMyComputer,andchoose
Propertiesfromthemenu.
2 Clickthe+signbesideDiskDrivestoshowyourvirtualmachinesindividual
drives.
3 RightclicktheentryforeachIDEdrivetoopenitsPropertiesdialogbox.
4 UnderSettings,selecttheDMAcheckboxandacceptanywarningWindows
displays.
5 RestartWindowsforthenewsettingstotakeeffect.
Turning on DMA Mode for Windows NT Guests with IDE Disks
SomeusershaveseenaprobleminaWorkstationvirtualmachinethatusesIDEvirtual
disksonamultiprocessorhostcomputer.TheI/Oissueisespeciallynoticeablewhen
thevirtualmachineisbooting.
YoumightimproveperformancebyenablingDMA(directmemoryaccess)onthe
virtualharddisksIDEchannelinthevirtualmachine.
IfyouhaveavirtualdiskandaDVD/CDROMattachedasmasterandslavetothe
primaryIDEcontroller(channel0)andyouwanttoenableDMA,poweroffthevirtual
machine,andusethevirtualmachinesettingseditor(fromtheWorkstationmenubar,
chooseVM>Settings>CDROM)tomovetheDVD/CDROMdrivetothesecondary
IDEcontroller(channel1)atIDE1:0.
YoucanenabletheDMAfeatureafteryoufinishinstallingWindowsNT.Youmust
installServicePack6a.DownloadDMACHECK.EXEfromtheMicrosoftWebsite
(support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q191/7/74.ASP)andrunit.
WhenyourunDMACHECK.EXE,clicktheEnabledoptionfortheIDEcontrollerand
channelconfiguredforthevirtualdisk.Typically,thisischannel0only,unlessyouhave
thevirtualmachineconfiguredwithmultiplevirtualdisksandnovirtual
DVD/CDROMdrive.
DonotenableDMAonanIDEchannelwithavirtualDVD/CDROMdriveattached.
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Defragmenting Disk Drives
Defragmentvirtualdisksandhostdisksinthefollowingphases,frominsidetheguest
operatingsystemouttothehostoperatingsystem,asfollows:
1 DefragmentbyusingaguestoperatingsystemutilityForexample,inavirtual
machinewithaWindowsXPguestoperatingsystem,usetheWindowsXPDisk
Defragmentertoolfromwithinthevirtualmachine.
Forthefollowingreasons,VMwarestronglyrecommendsthatyoudefragmentby
usingaguestoperatingsystemmechanismbeforetakingthefirstsnapshot(or
linkedclone):
Workstationmakesallitschangestotheredolog,nottotheoriginaldisk,
whenyourunadefragmentingprogramontheguestafterasnapshot.You
losetheabilitytodefragmentinsidetheoriginaldiskforever.
Everysectorthatmovesiscopiedtotheredolog,makingthevirtualmachine
redologextremelylargewhenthediskisheavilyfragmentedandyourun
defragmentationafterasnapshot.
2 DefragmentthevirtualdiskbyusingtheWorkstationdefragmentationtoolIf
thediskisagrowabledisk,notonewhosediskspacewaspreallocatedatthe
timewhenyoucreatedthevirtualmachine,alsouseWorkstationtodefragment
thevirtualdisk.Forinstructions,seeDefragmentingVirtualDisksonpage 201.
3 DefragmentthehostdisksUseadefragmentationutilityforthehostsoperating
system.Forexample,ifthehostsoperatingsystemisWindowsVista,usethe
WindowsVistaDiskDefragmentertool.
Performanceisweakenedbyfragmentationonthephysicaldiskthatholdsthe
virtualmachinesworkingdirectoryorvirtualdiskfiles.Fragmentationofthehost
diskcanaffectanyorallofthefollowing:
Virtualdiskfiles
Filesthatstorenewlysaveddatawhenyouhaveasnapshot
Filesthatholdinformationusedinsuspendingandresumingavirtual
machine
Ifyouareexperiencingslowdiskperformanceinthevirtualmachine,orifyou
wanttoimprovethespeedofsuspendandresumeoperations,findoutwhether
thehostdiskisfragmented.Ifitis,youcanimproveperformancebyrunninga
defragmentationutility.
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Chapter 16 Performance Tuning
Performance Impact of Defragmenting Snapshots and Linked Clones
Theremightbeaperformanceimpactwhenyoudefragmentalinkedcloneoravirtual
machinewithasnapshot.Exactperformancedegradationdependson:
Thefragmentationoftheparentvirtualmachinediskwhenyoucreatedthe
snapshotorlinkedclone.
Thenatureofthesubsequentupdatestotheparentvirtualmachinedisk.
Theredofileitselfcanbecomedefragmentedwithrespecttothehostfilesystem.Ifyour
useofvirtualmachinesisstronglyperformanceoriented,youshouldavoid
defragmentingorusinglinkedclonesandsnapshots.
Networking
MakesureVMwareToolsisinstalled.VMwareToolsincludesmanydevicedriversthat
improveperformanceofgraphicsdisplays,mouseoperations,andnetworkoperations.
Forinstallationinstructions,seeInstallingandUpgradingVMwareToolson
page 115.
Visual Effects (Windows Only)
OnMicrosoftWindowssystems,someusershaveseenperformanceimprovements
whentheyturnoffvisualeffects.Anexampleofsuchavisualeffectisthefadeeffect
thatWindows2000,WindowsXP,andWindowsServer2003usewhendisplaying
menus.
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To turn off visual effects
Dependingonwhichoperatingsystemyouuse:
OnWindows98:
a Rightclickonthedesktopofyourvirtualmachine,andchooseProperties
fromthemenuthatappears.
b ClicktheEffectstabanddeselecttheAnimatewindows,menus,andlists
checkbox.
c IfyouhaveShowwindowcontentswhiledraggingselected,deselectthat
checkbox.
OnWindows2000:
a Rightclicktheguestoperatingsystemdesktop,andchoose
Properties>Effects.
b DeselectUsetransitioneffectsformenusandtooltips.
OnWindowsXPandWindowsServer2003:
a Rightclicktheguestoperatingsystemdesktop,andchoose
Properties>Appearance>Effects.
b DeselectUsetransitioneffectsformenusandtooltips.
OnWindowsVista:
a UsetheControlPanelsPerformanceInformationandToolsitem(inClassic
view).
b ClickthelinkcalledAdjustvisualeffects.
Enhanced Performance with Paravirtualized Kernels in Linux
Guests
Since2005,VMwarehasbeencollaboratingwiththeLinuxcommunitytodevelopa
commonparavirtualizationinterface.In2006,VMwarereleaseditsVMIspecificationas
anopenspecification.Formoreinformationonparavirtualizationingeneral,seethe
followingVMwareWebsite:
http://www.vmware.com/interfaces/paravirtualization.html
IfyouhaveaVMwareVMI(VirtualMachineInterface)enabledkernelintheguest
operatingsystem,youwillseeimprovedperformanceifyouenableparavirtual
supportinthevirtualmachine.
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To use paravirtualized kernels
1 TogetaVMIenabledkernel,downloadtheCDimageofUbuntu7.04(Feisty)or
laterfrom:
http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download
Usethestandardimagefor32bitIntelx86computers.VMIiscurrently32bitonly.
2 UseWorkstationsNewVirtualMachinewizardtocreateaWorkstation6virtual
machinewiththeguestoperatingsystemtypeUbuntu.
Forstepbystepinstructions,seeUsingtheNewVirtualMachineWizardon
page 94.MakesurethehardwareversionisWorkstation6.
3 Afteryoufinishcreatingthevirtualmachine,enableparavirtualkernelsupport,as
follows:
a FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseVM>Settings.
Thevirtualmachinesettingseditoropens.
b OntheOptionstab,clickAdvanced,andintheSettingssection,selectthe
checkboxcalledEnableVMwareparavirtualkernelsupport.
Donotclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditoryet.
4 SetthevirtualmachinetousetheISOimageyoudownloadedinStep 1:
a OntheHardwaretab,selectCDROM,andintheConnectionsection,select
UseISOimage.
b BrowsetoandselecttheISOimageyoudownloadedinStep 1.
c ClickOKtosaveyoursettingsandclosethevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
5 PoweronthevirtualmachineandinstalltheLinuxoperatingsystemfromtheISO
file.
NOTEUsethefollowingproceduretogetandenableaparavirtualizedkernel.
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Using the Microsoft Performance Console to Monitor
Virtual Machine Performance
VMwareWorkstationincorporatesasetofperformancecountersthatworkwith
MicrosoftsPerformanceconsolesoyoucancollectperformancedatafromrunning
virtualmachines.
Workstationperformancecounterscanmonitorthefollowingdatafromarunning
virtualmachine:
Readingandwritingtovirtualdisks
Memoryusedbythevirtualmachine
Virtualnetworktraffic
Youcantrackvirtualmachineperformanceonlywhenavirtualmachineisrunning.
Performancecountersreflectthestateofthevirtualmachine,nottheguestoperating
system.Forexample,thecounterscanrecordhowoftenavirtualmachinereadsfrom
avirtualdisk,buttheycannottrackhowmanyprocessesarerunninginsidetheguest
operatingsystem.AnexplanationofeachcounterappearsinthePerformanceconsole.
To add counters to track virtual machine performance
1 OpentheAdministrativeToolscontrolpanelanddoubleclickPerformance.
ThePerformanceconsoleopens.
2 Clicktheplus(+)signonthetoolbar.
TheAddCountersdialogboxappears.
3 FromthePerformanceobjectlist,selectVMware.
NOTEThePerformanceconsoleisavailableonlyonWindowshosts.Youcanmonitor
theperformanceofanyvirtualmachinesrunningontheWindowshost,includingthose
runningLinuxguestoperatingsystems.
OnLinuxhosts,thereisnospecificapplicationthatWorkstationisdesignedtowork
withtoprovideadditionalVMwarespecificstatistics.
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4 Specifywhethertoaddallcountersorselectspecificcountersfromthelist.
IfyouselectSelectcountersfromthelist,alsoclickAddtodisplaytheinformation
inthePerformanceconsole.
5 Specifywhethertoviewinformationforallvirtualmachinesorspecificones.
Forspecificvirtualmachines,selectSelectinstancesfromlist,andchoosethe
virtualmachinesyouwant.Thenamesshowninthelistcorrespondtothedisplay
namesofrunningvirtualmachines.
FormoreinformationaboutusingthePerformanceconsole,fromthePerformance
consolemenubar,chooseAction>Help,orgototheMicrosoftWebsite.
NOTEForabriefdescriptionofeachcounter,clickExplain.Whenyouselecta
counterfromthelist,adescriptionappearsbelowtheAddCountersdialogbox.
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17
Thischapterdescribeshowtouseconfigurationoptionsforsuchthingsasrestricting
theoperationsausercanperformwithavirtualmachineorsimplifyingtheuser
interfaceforinexperiencedusers.Inaclassroom,forexample,youcanensurethat
virtualmachineconfigurationsremainconsistentfromoneclasssessiontothenext.
Thischapterincludesthefollowingtopics:
LockingOutInterfaceFeatures(WindowsHostsOnly)onpage 391
RestrictingtheUserInterfaceonpage 392
UsingFullScreenSwitchMode(WindowsHostsOnly)onpage 395
GuestACPIS1Sleeponpage 405
Locking Out Interface Features (Windows Hosts Only)
Administrativelockoutisaglobalsettingthataffectsallvirtualmachinesforallusers
onahostcomputer.Itallowsyoutoconfiguresettingssothatonlyauserwhoknows
thepasswordcanperformoneormoreofthefollowingtasks:
Createnewvirtualmachines.
Editvirtualmachineconfigurations.
Editnetworksettings.
Ifnouserhassetadministrativelockoutpreferences,anyusercansetthemandseta
passwordforaccesstotheadministrativelockoutfeatures.Ifanyuserhasalreadyset
administrativelockoutpreferences,youmustknowthepasswordinordertochange
thesettings.
Special-Purpose
Configuration Options for
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To set administrative lockout preferences
1 FromtheWorkstationmenubar,chooseEdit>Preferences.
2 ClicktheLockouttabandifapasswordisalreadysetfortheadministrative
lockoutfeature,enterthepasswordwhenprompted.
3 SelecttheEnablecheckbox,andselecttheactionsyouwanttorestrict.
Ifthisisthefirsttimeadministrativelockoutoptionsarebeingset,specifya
passwordinthefieldsprovided.
4 ClickOKtosavethesettings.
Removing a Forgotten Password
Ifyoucannotrememberthepasswordandwanttoremoveit,youmustuninstall
Workstation.BesuretoclickYeswhenaskedifyouwanttoremovetheadministrative
lockoutsettings.AfteryoureinstallWorkstation,youcanenabletheadministrative
lockoutfeaturesagainandsetanewpassword.
Restricting the User Interface
Therestricteduserinterfaceaffectsonlythespecificvirtualmachinesforwhichthe
settingismade.Thefollowingchangesaremadewhenyouenabletherestricteduser
interface:
Thetoolbarisalwayshidden.
AllfunctionsontheVM>Powermenuaredisabled.
AllfunctionsontheVM>Snapshotmenuandsnapshotfunctionsonthetoolbar
aredisabled.
Thereisnoaccesstothevirtualmachinesettingseditor(VM>Settings)fromthe
VMwareWorkstationwindow.
Theusercannotchangevirtualnetworkingsettings(Edit>VirtualNetwork
Settings).
Theuserstartsthevirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheconfigurationfile(.vmx
file)oradesktopshortcuttothatfile.Thevirtualmachinepowersonautomatically.
Attheendoftheworkingsession,theusershutsdownbyclosingthevirtual
machine(File>Exit).
ItisalsopossibletolaunchWorkstationandopenarestrictedinterfacevirtual
machinefromthevirtualmachinelistortheFilemenu.
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Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Thechangesneededtoenabletherestricteduserinterfacemustbemadebyauserwith
sufficientprivilegestoeditthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfileandtosetfile
permissionsasdescribedinthefollowingprocedure.
To enable the restricted user interface
1 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow.
2 Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)inNotepadoranothertext
editor.
3 Addthefollowinglineanywhereinthefile:
gui.restricted = "TRUE"
4 Optionally,setfilepermissionsontheconfigurationfiletogivenormalusersofthe
systemonlyreadaccesstothefile,sotheycannotmanuallymodifythe
configuration.
5 Createashortcuttotheconfigurationfileonthedesktopandgiveitanappropriate
name.
Automatically Returning to a Snapshot with a Restricted User
Interface
Youcancombinearestricteduserinterfacewithasnapshottoensurethatusersvirtual
machinesalwaysstartinthesamestate.Typically,usersrunningavirtualmachinewith
arestricteduserinterfacecanpoweritonandoffonly,andthevirtualmachineboots
whenpoweredon.Whenthevirtualmachinehasasnapshotsetandisconfiguredto
returntothatsnapshotwhenpoweredoff,theusercanonlystartandpoweroffthe
virtualmachine.Thevirtualmachinealwaysstartsfromthesnapshot.
To set up a virtual machine with a restricted user interface (Windows only)
1 Poweronthevirtualmachineandbesureitisinthestateyouwant.
2 Createasnapshot.
Forinstructions,seeTakingaSnapshotonpage 235.
NOTEAlthoughtherestricteduserinterfaceprovidesnoaccesstomenuandtoolbar
controlsforthesnapshot,youcangiveuserslimitedsnapshotcontrol.Ifyousetupa
snapshotfortherestrictedvirtualmachineandsetthepoweroffoptiontoAskMe,the
userseesthestandarddialogboxwhenshuttingdownavirtualmachineandhasthe
opportunitytochooseJustPowerOff,TakeSnapshot,orReverttoSnapshot.
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3 Configurethevirtualmachinetoreturntothesnapshotanytimeitispoweredoff:
ChooseVM>Settings>Options>SnapshotsandselectAfterPoweringOffand
ReverttoSnapshot.
4 Withthevirtualmachinepoweredoff,restricttheuserinterface,asfollows:
a ClosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow.
b Openthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile(.vmxfile)inNotepadoranother
texteditor.
c Addthefollowinglineanywhereinthefile.
gui.restricted = "TRUE"
5 Optionally,setfilepermissionsontheconfigurationfiletogivenormalusersofthe
systemonlyreadaccesstothefile,sotheycannotmanuallymodifythe
configuration.
6 Createashortcuttotheconfigurationfileonthedesktopandgiveitanappropriate
name.
Usersrunthisvirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheshortcuttotheconfigurationfile.
Itstartsatthesnapshot,withtheuserinterfacerestricted.Usersdonothaveatoolbar
oraccesstotheVM>Powermenuorthevirtualmachinesettingseditor.
UsersclosethevirtualmachinebychoosingFile>Close.Thevirtualmachinepowers
off,andthenexttimeauserpowersiton,itreturnstothesnapshot.
To remove the restriction on the interface
1 PoweroffthevirtualmachineandclosetheVMwareWorkstationwindow.
2 Opentheconfigurationfile(.vmx)fileanddooneofthefollowing:
Setgui.restricted = "FALSE".
Removeorcommentoutthegui.restricted = "TRUE"line.
3 Savethechangestotheconfigurationfileandcloseit.
4 Startthevirtualmachinebydoubleclickingtheshortcut.
Thevirtualmachinestartsatthesnapshot,andtheinterfaceisnotrestricted.
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Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Using Full Screen Switch Mode (Windows Hosts Only)
FullscreenswitchmodeisaruntimeoptionfortheVMwareWorkstationprogramon
Windowshosts.WhenWorkstationisrunninginfullscreenswitchmode,theuserhas
noaccesstotheWorkstationuserinterface.Theusercannotcreate,reconfigure,or
launchvirtualmachines.Asystemadministratorperformsthesefunctions.
WhenWorkstationisrunninginfullscreenswitchmode,oneormorevirtualmachines
canberunning,andyoucanusehotkeystoswitchfromonetoanother.Youcanalso
providehotkeyaccesstothehostoperatingsystem.
Creating a Virtual Machine for Use in Full Screen Switch Mode
Tocreatenewvirtualmachines,runWorkstationinstandardmode.Theinstructionsin
thissectionassumethatyouarecreatingthevirtualmachinesonaseparate
administrativecomputer.Ifyouprefer,createthevirtualmachinesdirectlyontheusers
computer.
To create a virtual machine that will be used in full screen switch mode
1 CreatethenewvirtualmachinefollowingtheinstructionsinTocreateavirtual
machinebyusingthecustomsetuponpage 95.
AsyoucompletetheNewVirtualMachinewizard,makethefollowingchoices:
InStep 3,IntheSelecttheAppropriateConfigurationpage,selectCustom
andclickNext.,onpage 96,selectCustomtoperformacustominstallation.
InStep 6,OntheNametheVirtualMachinepage,selectanameandfolder
forthevirtualmachineandclickNext.,onpage 96,makeanoteofthefolder
inwhichyoucreatethevirtualmachine.Youmustcopyallthefilesinthis
foldertotheuserscomputerafteryoufinishcreatingandconfiguringthe
virtualmachine.
InStep 14,OntheSpecifyDiskCapacitypage,enterthesizeofthevirtual
disk,specifythewayyouwantthediskspaceallocated,andclickNext.,on
page 97,specifythesizeforthevirtualdiskandselectAllocatealldiskspace
now.Thisselectionisstronglyrecommended.Ifyoudonotmakethis
selectionandthehostcomputersharddiskrunsoutofspaceforagrowing
virtualdiskfile,theuserseesnowarningmessageanddoesnotknowwhatis
causingtheprobleminthevirtualmachine.
NOTEFullscreenswitchmodeisenabledforWindowshostsonly.Linuxhostsdonot
havefullscreenswitchmode.
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396 VMware, Inc.
2 Toopenthevirtualmachinesettingseditor,selectthevirtualmachineandchoose
VM>Settings.
3 Usethevirtualmachinesettingseditortomakeallneededconfigurationsettings
beforeyouconfiguretheuserscomputertolaunchWorkstationwhenthe
computerstarts.
Youcannotchangevirtualmachinesettingsbyusingthevirtualmachinesettings
editorwhenWorkstationisrunninginfullscreenswitchmode.Itisrecommended
thatyoufinishconfiguringthevirtualmachineandinstalltheguestoperating
systemandapplicationsbeforeyoumovethevirtualmachinetotheusers
computer.
Moving a Virtual Machine to the Users Computer
Theeasiestwaytomovethevirtualmachinetoauserscomputeristouseanetwork
connectiontocopyallthefilesinthevirtualmachinedirectorytoadirectoryonthe
userscomputer.YoucanalsomovethedirectorybyusingaDVDorotherremovable
medialargeenoughtostorethefiles.
Placeeachvirtualmachineinitsownseparatedirectory.
Configuring Full Screen Switch Mode
Thissectiondescribesthelocalandglobalconfigurationsettingsyoucanusewhen
configuringfullscreenswitchmode.Theseconfigurationsettingsincludespecifying
hotkeysforcyclingthroughthecurrentlypoweredonvirtualmachines,switchingto
aspecificvirtualmachineorthehost,andotheroptions.
Global Configuration Settings
Tousefullscreenswitchmode,youmust,ataminimum,setthemsg.autoAnswer
propertyintheWorkstationglobalconfigurationfile.ThissettingcausesWorkstation
tosuppressanyWorkstationdialogboxesthatwouldordinarilyappear.Inthesedialog
boxes,thedefaultansweristhenautomaticallychosen.
NOTEIfyouplantorunthevirtualmachineonalaptopcomputer,besuretoset
thevirtualmachinetoreportthebatterystatus,asdescribedinReportingBattery
InformationintheGuestOperatingSystemonpage 160.
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Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Theglobalconfigurationfilegetscreatedwhenyouchangeanyofthedefaultsettings
intheWorkstationpreferenceseditor(Edit>Preferences).Thisfileiscreatedinthe
followinglocation:
OnmostWindowshosts:
C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware
Workstation\config.ini
OnWindowsVistahosts:
C:\Users\All Users\Application Data\VMware\VMware Workstation\config.ini
To specify global configuration settings for full screen switch mode
1 Iftheconfig.inifiledoesnotyetexistonyourhostcomputer,choose
Edit>PreferencesfromtheWorkstationmenubarandchangeatleastoneofthe
settingsinthepreferenceeditor.
2 Opentheconfig.inifilewithatexteditorandaddthefollowingline:
msg.autoAnswer = "TRUE"
3 (Optional)Specifyotherfullscreenswitchmodesettingsyouwanttouse.
Tospecifyhotkeysforswitchingtoothervirtualmachinesorthehostcomputer,
first,seeVirtualKeyCodesonpage 398.Next,seeHotKeyforCycling
ThroughVirtualMachinesandtheHostComputeronpage 399andHost
OperatingSystemHotKeyonpage 400.
AlsoseeOtherEntriesintheGlobalConfigurationFileonpage 401.
4 Saveandclosethefile.
5 Setpermissionsonthisfilesothatotheruserscannotchangeit.
6 Openthepreferences.inifilewithatexteditorandaddthefollowinglines:
pref.fullScreen.v5 = "TRUE"
pref.autoFitFullScreen = "fitGuestToHost"
OnmostWindowshosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\VMware\preferences.ini
OnWindowsVistahosts,thisfileislocatedin:
%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\VMware\preferences.ini
NOTEFullscreenswitchmodeisenabledforWindowshostsonly.Foryour
information,however,onLinux,thisfileislocatedin:
/etc/vmware/config
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398 VMware, Inc.
Ifyouwanttospecifyahotkeyforswitchingtoaspecificvirtualmachine,continueon
tothetopicVirtualMachineHotKeyonpage 400.
Virtual Key Codes
Thehotkeyentriesdescribedinthissectionrequireyoutoenteravirtualkeycodeas
partofthevalueforanoption.Virtualkeycodesusehexadecimalformat,whichisa
hexadecimalnumberprecededby0x.Forexample,tousethevirtualkeycodeof5Aas
avalue,type0x5A.
MicrosoftprovidesareferencelistofvirtualkeycodesontheMSDNWebsite.Atthe
timethismanualwaswritten,thereferencelistwasat:
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/library/ms645540.aspx
Thehotkeyentriesalsoincludemodifierkeys.ThemodifierkeysareCtrl,Alt,Shift,
andWindowskeys.TheWindowskeyisthekeybetweentheCtrlandAltkeysonyour
keyboard.Youcanalsouseacombinationofthosekeys.SeeTable 171foralistofthe
keycodesforthemodifierkeys.
Table 17-1. Modifier Keys for Hot Key Entries
Modifier Key Value
Nomodifier 0x0
Alt 0x1
Ctrl 0x2
Shift 0x4
Win(Windows) 0x8
Ctrl+Alt 0x3
Alt+Shift 0x5
Ctrl+Shift 0x6
Ctrl+Alt+Shift 0x7
Win+Alt 0x9
Win+Ctrl 0xa
Win+Ctrl+Alt 0xb
Win+Shift 0xc
Win+Shift+Alt 0xd
Win+Shift+Ctrl 0xe
Win+Shift+Ctrl+Alt 0xf
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Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Whenlistingakeyplusamodifier,typethevirtualkeycodeforthekeyfollowedbya
comma,andtypethevalueforthemodifierkeyorkeys.Forexample,thevalueentry
forCtrl+Shift+F1is0x70,0x6.
Hot Key for Cycling Through Virtual Machines and the Host Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorhotkeycombinationforcyclingthroughtheavailable
virtualmachinesonahostcomputer.Hotkeysbehaveinthefollowingmanner:
Eachtimeyoupressthespecifiedhotkey,thescreendisplaysthenextvirtual
machineinorder.Youcanalsoincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle.
Ifanyparticularvirtualmachineisnotrunning,itisskipped.
Ifonlyonevirtualmachineisrunningandthehostoperatingsystemisnot
includedinthecycle,pressingthehotkeyhasnoeffect.
Thehotkeyforcyclingthroughvirtualmachinesisdefinedintheglobalconfiguration
file(config.ini).Twooptionscontrolcycling:
FullScreenSwitch.cycleKey
Thevalueofthisoptiondefinesthehotkey.Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>.
Thereisnodefault.Forexample,tousethePausekeywithnomodifiertocycle
throughvirtualmachines,addthefollowinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodify
itsvalueiftheoptionisalreadylisted.
FullScreenSwitch.cycleKey = "0x13,0x0"
FullScreenSwitch.cycleHost
SetthisoptiontoTRUEtoincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle.The
defaultisFALSE.Forexample,toincludethehostoperatingsysteminthecycle,
addthefollowinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionis
alreadylisted:
FullScreenSwitch.cycleHost = "TRUE"
NOTEKeepthefollowinglimitationsinmindwhendefiningcyclekeysandswitch
keys:
DonotusethePausekeywiththeCtrlkey.YoucanusethePausekeywithother
modifierkeys.
IfyouuseF12,youmustuseoneormoremodifierkeys.YoucannotuseF12alone.
YoucannotusecombinationsthatincludeonlytheShift,Ctrl,andAltkeys.These
keyscanbeusedonlyasmodifiersincombinationwithsomeotherkey.
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400 VMware, Inc.
Hot Keys for Switching Directly to Virtual Machines and the Host
Computer
Youcanspecifyahotkeyorhotkeycombinationforswitchingdirectlytoanyavailable
virtualmachineonahostcomputer.Eachtimeyoupressthespecifiedhotkey,the
screendisplayswitchestothatofthespecifiedvirtualmachine.Youcanalsospecifya
hotkeyforswitchingdirectlytothehostoperatingsystem.
Virtual Machine Hot Key
Youdefinethehotkeyusedtoswitchtoavirtualmachinebyaddingalocal
configurationsetting.Localconfigurationsettingsaremadeintheconfigurationfilefor
aparticularvirtualmachine.Thelocalconfigurationfileisinthevirtualmachines
directory.Thefilenamehasa.vmxextension.
Theformatforanentryineitherconfigurationfileis:
<option> = "<value>"
Entriesintheconfigurationfilescanappearinanyorder.
Thevalueofthisoptiondefinesthehotkey.Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>.There
isnodefault.
Forexample,touseCtrl+Shift+F1toswitchtoaparticularvirtualmachine,addthe
followinglinetothatvirtualmachines.vmxfileormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionis
alreadylisted:
FullScreenSwitch.directKey = "0x70,0x6"
Ifanyparticularvirtualmachineisnotrunning,pressingthehotkeyforthatvirtual
machinehasnoeffect.
Host Operating System Hot Key
Youdefinethehotkeyusedtoswitchtothehostoperatingsystembyaddingalineto
theglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini).Thevalueofthisoptiondefinesthehotkey.
Itisspecifiedas<key>,<modifier>.Thereisnodefault.
Forexample,touseCtrl+Shift+F9toswitchtothehostoperatingsystem,addthe
followinglinetotheconfig.inifile,ormodifyitsvalueiftheoptionisalreadylisted:
FullScreenSwitch.hostDirectKey = "0x78,0x6"
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Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Other Entries in the Global Configuration File
Thefollowingentriesintheglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini)areoptional.They
enableyoutocontrolcertainfunctionsofthevirtualmachinethatareimportantin
workenvironmentswherevirtualmachinesneedtobeisolatedfromeachotherand
fromthehostcomputer:
Isolation.tools.copy.enable
Thisoptiondetermineswhetherdatainonevirtualmachineorthehostoperating
systemcanbecopiedinawaythatallowsittobetransferredtoanothervirtual
machineortothehostoperatingsystem.ThedefaultsettingisTRUE(suchcopying
isallowed).
Thesettingforthisoptionshouldbethesameasthesettingfor
Isolation.tools.paste.enable(below).
Isolation.tools.paste.enable
Thisoptiondetermineswhetherdatacopiedinonevirtualmachineorthehost
operatingsystemcanbepastedintoanothervirtualmachineorthehostoperating
system.ThedefaultsettingisTRUE(suchpastingisallowed).
Thesettingforthisoptionshouldbethesameasthesettingfor
Isolation.tools.copy.enable(above).
Isolation.tools.HGFS.disable
Thevalueofthisoptiondetermineswhethervirtualmachinescanbeconfigured
withsharedfolders,forsharingfilesamongvirtualmachinesandwiththehost
computer.ThedefaultsettingisFALSE(sharedfoldersareenabled).
mks.CtlAltDel.ignore
SetthispropertytoTRUEsothatdialogboxesusuallygeneratedbyMicrosoft
WindowsSecureAttentionSequence(SAS)arenotdisplayedbutarepassedonto
theguestiftheguesthaskeyboardfocus.
mks.fullscreen.allScreenSaver
SetthispropertytoTRUEtoallowthehostoperatingsystemtorunitsscreensaver
whenitdeterminesthatthemachineisidle.
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402 VMware, Inc.
Starting and Stopping Virtual Machines on the Users Computer
Usethevmware-fullscreencommandtorunVMwareWorkstationinfullscreen
switchmodeandtostartandstopvirtualmachinesonauserscomputer.The
commandcanpasscertaininformationtothevirtualmachinewhenitstarts.
Asadministrator,youmustdecidehowtoissuethecommand.Forexample,youcan
useacustomapplicationorscriptrunningonthehostoperatingsystemtoissueoneor
morevmware-fullscreencommands.Oryoucanincludethecommandtostarta
virtualmachineinashortcutinthehostoperatingsystemsstartupgroup,sothevirtual
machinestartswhentheuserlogsontothehostcomputer.
Issuethevmware-fullscreencommandonceforeachvirtualmachineyouwantto
startorstop.
Starting a Virtual Machine
Atitsmostbasic,thevmware-fullscreencommandtopoweronavirtualmachine
hasthefollowingsyntax:
vmware-fullscreen -poweron "<config-file>"
Providethefullpathtothevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)file.
Theuserseesnoimmediateindicationthatthevirtualmachinehasstarted,buttheuser
canswitchtothevirtualmachinewithitsdirectswitchkeyorwiththecyclekey.
Topoweronthevirtualmachineandpassadditionalinformationtothevirtual
machine,useoneormoreoftheoptionsshowninthefollowingsyntax:
vmware-fullscreen -poweron [-s variable=value] [-name=<alias>]
[-directkey=<keyspec>] [-fullscreen] "<config-file>"
Whenyouusetheoptionalswitchesshownhere,the-poweronswitchisrequiredand
mustbethefirstswitchafterthevmware-fullscreencommand.Providethefullpath
tothevirtualmachinesconfiguration(.vmx)fileattheendofthecommandline.Enter
thecompletecommandononeline.
Usethe-sswitchtopassavariablenameandvaluetobeusedinconfiguringthe
virtualmachine.Youcanincludemultiple<variable>=<value>pairsinthe
command.Each<variable>=<value>pairmustbeprecededby-s.
Use-name=<alias>togiveanametothevirtualmachine.Youcantheusethataliasin
-switchtoand-poweroffcommands.
Use-directkey=<keyspec>tospecifythevirtualmachinesdirectswitchkey.Ifa
directswitchkeyisspecifiedinthevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile,theone
specifiedonthecommandlineoverridestheoneintheconfigurationfile.
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Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Forexample,tostartavirtualmachineandspecifythatitsdirectswitchkey
combinationisCtrl+Shift+F1,usethefollowingcommand:
vmware-fullscreen -poweron -directkey=0x70,0x6 "<config-file>"
Enterthecompletecommandononeline.
Use-fullscreenwithout-powerontostartavirtualmachineandgostraighttofull
screenswitchmode.Thevirtualmachinetakesoverthedisplayimmediately,insteadof
runninginvisiblyuntiltheuserswitchestoitlater.
Stopping a Virtual Machine
Useeitherofthefollowingcommandstoshutdownthespecifiedvirtualmachine:
vmware-fullscreen -poweroff "<config-file>"
vmware-fullscreen -poweroff <alias>
Youcanspecifythepathtotheconfiguration(.vmx)file,oryoucanspecifythealiasif
youused-name=whenyoustartedthevirtualmachine.
Stopping All Virtual Machines
Usethefollowingcommandtopoweroffallvirtualmachinescleanly:
vmware-fullscreen -exit
Workstationexitsassoonasallthevirtualmachineshavepoweredoff.
Switching Among Virtual Machines and the Host
Useoneofthefollowingcommandstoswitchtothespecifiedvirtualmachine:
vmware-fullscreen -switchto "<config-file>"
vmware-fullscreen -switchto <alias>
vmware-fullscreen -switchto host
vmware-fullscreen -switchto next
Dependingonwhichcommandyouuse,youcanswitchtothespecifiedvirtual
machine,tothehostoperatingsystem,ortothenextmachine(virtualmachineorhost)
inthecyclingorder.Avirtualmachinemustbepoweredonbeforeyoucanswitchtoit.
Whenspecifyingavirtualmachine,youcanspecifythepathtotheconfiguration(.vmx)
file,oryoucanspecifythealiasifyouused-name=whenyoustartedthevirtual
machine.
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404 VMware, Inc.
Checking the Status of VMware Workstation
UsethefollowingcommandtofindoutwhetherWorkstationisrunninginfullscreen
switchmode:
vmware-fullscreen -query
IfWorkstationisinfullscreenswitchmode,theresponsetothiscommandalsoreports
itsprocessIDandwindowhandle.
Listing All the Virtual Machines Currently Powered On
Usethefollowingcommandtolistallthevirtualmachinescurrentlypoweredon:
vmware-fullscreen -listvms
Thelistisaddedtothevmware-fullscreenlogfile.
The vmware-fullscreen Log File
Thevmware-fullscreenprogramwritestoalogfile.Thislogfilerecordserrors
reportedbyvmware-fullscreenitselfasitstarts,stops,andpassesothercommands
toWorkstation.Itisseparatefromthevmware.logfile,whichstoresinformationonthe
runningvirtualmachines.
Thenameofthevmware-fullscreenlogfileisvmware-<username>-<pid>.log.By
default,thevmware-fullscreenlogfileisinthetempdirectoryfortheuserloggedon
tothehostcomputer.ThislocationmaybespecifiedintheTEMPenvironmentvariable.
Thedefaultlocationis:
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\Local Settings\Temp
Theadministratorcanspecifyadifferentlocationforthislogfilebyaddingthe
followinglinetotheWorkstationglobalconfigurationfile(config.ini):
fullScreenSwitch.log.filename="<path>"
Itisbesttouseafullpath.Ifyouusearelativepath,thelocationisrelativetothe
directorythatisactivewhenthevmware-fullscreencommandisissuedforthefirst
timeafterthehostcomputerreboots.
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Chapter 17 Special-Purpose Configuration Options for Windows Hosts
Guest ACPI S1 Sleep
WorkstationprovidesexperimentalsupportforguestoperatingsystemACPIS1sleep.
Notallguestoperatingsystemssupportthisfeature.Commonguestoperatingsystem
interfacesforenteringstandbyaresupported.
Bydefault,ACPIS1sleepisimplementedwithinWorkstationassuspend.Youcanuse
theWorkstationResumebuttontowaketheguest.
Withthefollowingentryintheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforavirtualmachine,ACPIS1
sleepisinsteadimplementedaspoweronsuspend:
chipset.onlineStandby = TRUE
Theguestoperatingsystemisnotfullypowereddown.Youcanawakenthevirtual
machine:
Usingkeyboardinput
Usingmouseinput
ThroughprogrammingtheCMOSexternaltimer
Thisfeaturecanbeusefulfortestanddevelopmentscenarios.
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406 VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc. 407
A
Thisappendixdiscussesthecommandlineoptionsthatareavailableforthevmware
programandthevmrunprogram.Thisappendixcontainsthefollowingtopics:
StartupOptionsforWorkstationandVirtualMachinesonpage 407
CommandLineApplicationforOperatingVirtualMachinesonpage 409
Forinformationabutusingthevmware-fullscreencommandtousefullscreen
switchmode,seeStartingandStoppingVirtualMachinesontheUsersComputeron
page 402.
Startup Options for Workstation and Virtual Machines
Table A1describesoptionsavailablewhenyourunVMwareWorkstationfromthe
commandline.YoucantypethesecommandsinaLinuxterminalwindoworatthe
Windowscommandprompt.Youcanalsocreatescriptstorunmultiplecommands.
Thesyntaxforthiscommandis:
OnaLinuxhostoperatingsystem:
/usr/bin/vmware [-n] [-x] [-X] [-m] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>]
[-v]
[/<path_to_virtual_machine>/<virtual_machine_name>.vmx]
[X toolkit options]
OnaWindowshostoperatingsystem:
C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\Programs\vmware.exe [-B] [-n]
[-x] [-X] [-t] [-q] [-s <variablename>=<value>] [-v]
[<path_to_virtual_machine>\<virtual_machine_name>.vmx]
Workstation Command-Line
Reference A
Workstation Users Manual
408 VMware, Inc.
OnLinuxhosts,Xtoolkitoptionscanbepassedasarguments,althoughsomeofthem
(mostnotablythesizeandtitleoftheVMwareWorkstationwindow)cannotbe
overridden.
XtoolkitoptionsarenotrelevantonaWindowshost.
Table A-1. Command-Line Options for the vmware Program
Option Description
-n OpensanewWorkstationwindow.
-B (Windowshostsonly)OpensanewWorkstationwindow
buthidesthesidebarandtoolbars.Onlythetabsofopen
virtualmachinesareshown.Usingthisoptionhasthe
sameeffectasclickingtheWorkstationiconinthe
upperleftcorneroftheWorkstationwindowand
choosingHideControlsfromthemenuthatappears.
-t Opensavirtualmachineorteaminanewtabinthe
existingWorkstationwindow.
-x PowersonthevirtualmachinewhenVMware
Workstationstarts.Thisisequivalenttoclickingthe
PowerOnbuttonintheVMwareWorkstationtoolbar.
-X PowersonthevirtualmachineandswitchestheVMware
Workstationwindowtofullscreenmode.
-m (Linuxhostsonly)Startstheprograminquickswitch
mode.
-q Closesthevirtualmachinestabwhenthevirtualmachine
powersoff.Ifnoothervirtualmachineisopen,italso
exitsWorkstation.Thisisusefulwhentheguest
operatingsystemiscapableofpoweringoffthevirtual
machine.
-s Setsthespecifiedvariabletothespecifiedvalue.Any
variablenamesandvaluesthatarevalidinthe
configurationfilemaybespecifiedonthecommandline
withthe-sswitch.
-v Displaystheproductname,version,andbuildnumber.
<path_to_virtual_machine>
<path_to_virtual_team>
Launchesavirtualmachineusingthespecifiedvirtual
machineorteamconfigurationfile(.vmxor.vmtm file).
VMware, Inc. 409
Appendix A Workstation Command-Line Reference
Using Startup Options in a Windows Shortcut
Themostconvenientwaytousethestartupoptionsistoincorporatethemintothe
commandgeneratedbyaWindowsshortcut.
Tocreatetheshortcut,rightclicktheshortcutandclickProperties.IntheTargetfield,
addanyswitchesyouwanttouseafterthevmware.exefilename.Forexample,the
followingcommandlaunchestheWindowsMevirtualmachinespecified,powersiton,
andswitchestofullscreenmode.
"C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation\Programs\vmware.exe -X
C:\Documents and Settings\<username>\My Documents\My Virtual
Machines\Windows Me\Windows Me.vmx"
Enclosetheentirecommandstringinquotationmarks.
Command-Line Application for Operating Virtual
Machines
VMwareWorkstationincludesaseparateapplication,vmrun,foroperatingteamsor
virtualmachinesfromthecommandline.Tolaunchthevmrunapplication,fromthe
commandprompt,enter:vmrun COMMAND [OPTION].
BeforeusingthevmruncommandonaWindowshost,youmustdooneofthe
following:
ChangeyourworkingdirectorytotheVMwareWorkstationdirectory.Thedefault
locationis:
c:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Workstation
AddtheVMwareWorkstationdirectorytothesystempath.OnWindows2000and
XP,youcanchangethissettingat
ControlPanel>System>Advanced>EnvironmentVariables>System
variables>Path
Valid vmrun commandsandoptionsaredescribedinTable A2.
Ifauthenticationisrequiredintheguestoperatingsystem,usethefollowing
authenticationflags,asappropriate:
-gu <userName in guest OS>
-gp <password in guest OS>
NOTETheconfigurationfilehasa.vmxextensionbydefault.
Workstation Users Manual
410 VMware, Inc.
Table A-2. vmrun Commands and Parameters
Command Description Parameters
General Commands
list Listallrunningvirtualmachines. None
upgradevm Upgradeavirtualmachinetothecurrent
Workstationversion.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
installtools InstallVMwareToolsintheguest
operatingsystem.InWindowsguests,
theVMwareToolsinstallerruns
automatically.InLinuxguests,this
commandconnectsthevirtualmachines
virtualCDROMdrivetotheVMware
ToolsISOimageforthatguest,butthe
installerdoesnotstartautomatically.
Completetheinstallationwithadditional
manualsteps,asdescribedinInstalling
VMwareToolsonaLinuxGueston
page 125.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
Power Commands
start Startavirtualmachine(.vmxfile)orteam
(.vmtmfile).
[Pathto.vmxor.vmtmfile]
stop Stopavirtualmachine(.vmxfile)orteam
(.vmtmfile).
[Pathto.vmxor.vmtmfile]
[hard|soft]
reset Resetavirtualmachine(.vmxfile)or
team(.vmtmfile).
[Pathto.vmxor.vmtmfile]
[hard|soft]
suspend Suspendavirtualmachine(.vmxfile)or
team(.vmtmfile).
[Pathto.vmxor.vmtmfile]
[hard|soft]
Snapshot Commands
snapshot Createasnapshotofavirtualmachine. [Pathto.vmxfile]
[snapshotname]
listSnapshots Listallsnapshotsinavirtualmachine. [Pathto.vmxfile]
deleteSnapshot Removeasnapshotfromavirtual
machine.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[snapshotname]
VMware, Inc. 411
Appendix A Workstation Command-Line Reference
revertToSnapshot Gotoasnapshotinavirtualmachine.
Ifasnapshothasauniquenamewithina
virtualmachine,reverttothatsnapshot
byspecifyingthepathtothevirtual
machinesconfigurationfileandthe
snapshotname:
[Pathto.vmxfile][snapshotname]
Ifseveralsnapshotshavethesamename,
youcanstillspecifyasnapshotby
includingapathnameforthesnapshot
name.Apathnameisaseriesofsnapshot
names,separatedbyforwardslash
characters(/).Eachnamespecifiesa
differentsnapshotinthetree.
Forexample,supposeyouincludethe
pathnameSnap1/Snap2.Thiswill
identifyasnapshotnamedSnap2that
wastakenfromthestateofaroot
snapshotnamedSnap1.
Becauseyoucanusetheforwardslashin
apathname,VMwarerecommendsthat
youavoidusingtheslashcharacterwhen
younameasnapshotbecausethismakes
itdifficultforyoutopredictwhich
snapshotapathnamewillidentify.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[snapshotname]
or
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[snapshotname1/
snapshotname2]
Guest Operating System Commands
runProgramInGuest Runaprogramintheguestoperating
system.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Program[Program
arguments]]
fileExistsInGuest Checkwhetherthespecifiedfileexistsin
theguestsystem.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Pathtofileinguest]
setSharedFolderState Modifythelocationofafoldershared
betweenthehostandguest.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Sharename]
[Newpathtofolderon
host]
addSharedFolder Addafoldertobesharedbetweenthe
hostandguest.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Sharename]
[Pathtofolderonhost]
removeSharedFolder Removeafoldersharedbetweenthehost
andguest.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Sharename]
Table A-2. vmrun Commands and Parameters (Continued)
Command Description Parameters
Workstation Users Manual
412 VMware, Inc.
Examples for vmrun
Forexample,toresetavirtualmachine:
InaLinuxterminal,enter:
vmrun reset /usr/local/VMs/<virtual_machine_name>.vmx soft
OntheWindowscommandline,enter:
vmrun reset c:\Virtual Machines\<virtual_machine_name>.vmx soft
listProcessesInGuest Listtheprocessesrunningintheguest
operatingsystem.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
killProcessInGuest Killthespecifiedprocessontheguest
operatingsystem.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[ProcessID]
runScriptInGuest Runascriptintheguestoperating
system.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Interpreterpathscript
text]
deleteFileInGuest Deleteafilefromtheguestoperating
system.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Pathtofileontheguest]
createDirectoryInGuest Createadirectoryintheguestoperating
system.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Directorypathonthe
guest]
deleteDirectoryInGuest Deleteadirectoryfromtheguest
operatingsystem.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Directorypathonthe
guest]
listDirectoryInGuest Listthecontentsofadirectoryinthe
guestoperatingsystem.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Directorypathonthe
guest]
copyFileFromHostToGuest Copyafilefromthehosttotheguest
operatingsystem.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Filepathonthehost]
[Filepathontheguest]
copyFileFromGuestToHost Copyafilefromtheguestoperating
systemtothehost.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Filepathontheguest]
[Filepathonthehost]
renameFileInGuest Renameafileintheguestoperating
system.
[Pathto.vmxfile]
[Originalfilename]
[Newfilename]
Table A-2. vmrun Commands and Parameters (Continued)
Command Description Parameters
VMware, Inc. 413
Appendix A Workstation Command-Line Reference
WithvirtualmachinesthatrequireinputthroughaVMwareWorkstationdialogbox,
vmrunmighttimeoutandfail.TodisableWorkstationdialogboxes,insertthefollowing
lineintotheconfiguration(.vmx)fileforavirtualmachine:
msg.autoAnswer = TRUE
Workstation Users Manual
414 VMware, Inc.
VMware, Inc. 415
B
TheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerprovidesaconfigurableinterfacebetween
Eclipseandvirtualmachines,makingiteasytodevelopanddebugapplicationsthat
runinmultipleoperatingsystemenvironmentsonasinglePC.Debuggingyour
applicationsinvirtualmachinesenablesyoutoreproduceandrecorderrorswhile
maintainingtheintegrityofthehostmachine.Youcanperformtypicaldebuggingtasks
suchaspausingatbreakpoints,steppingthroughcode,andviewingandmodifyingthe
stateofyourapplication,allwithoutimpactingthehostenvironment.
Thisappendixcontainsthefollowingsections:
OverviewoftheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggeronpage 415
SettingUptheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerEnvironmentonpage 417
ManagingVirtualMachineLaunchConfigurationsonpage 421
RunningandDebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachinesonpage 425
Overview of the Eclipse Integrated Virtual Debugger
TheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerenablesyouto:
Managelaunchconfigurationsettingsforapplicationexecutionanddebuggingin
virtualmachines.
Startanapplicationdebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine.
Startanapplicationinavirtualmachinewithoutdebugging.
Startadebuggingsessionthatattachestoaprocessalreadyrunninginavirtual
machine.
Using the Eclipse Integrated
Virtual Debugger B
Workstation Users Manual
416 VMware, Inc.
UsingEclipselaunchconfigurations,youcanchoosewhatvirtualmachinetorunyour
applicationinandhowitisexecuted.Onceconfigured,theEclipseIntegratedVirtual
Debuggerfindsthevirtualmachine,powersitonifnecessary,setsuptheenvironment
basedonyourconfigurationsettings,andstartsorattachestotheapplication.
Toconfigurehowanapplicationisstartedinavirtualmachine,youcanspecify:
Thenameofthevirtualmachine(.vmxconfigurationfile).
(Optional)ThepathtotheJVMontheguestsystem.
(Optional)Thelocationoffolderstobesharedbetweenthehostandtheguest.
(Optional)ActionstoperformbeforelaunchinganapplicationfromEclipse,
including:
Reverttothemostrecentsnapshot.
Runspecifiedpreexecutioncommands.
(Optional)ActionstoperformafteranapplicationlaunchedfromEclipseis
terminated,including:
Runspecifiedpostexecutioncommands(forexample,toperformcleanup
tasks).
Setthevirtualmachinestateto:
Suspended(default)
Reverttothemostrecentsnapshot
Poweredoff
ForinformationoninstallationrequirementsfortheEclipseIntegratedVirtual
Debugger,seeSettingUptheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerEnvironmenton
page 417.
Forinformationonhowtomanagevirtualmachineconfigurations,seeManaging
VirtualMachineLaunchConfigurationsonpage 421.
Formoreinformationonrunninganddebuggingapplicationsinvirtualmachines,see
RunningandDebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachinesonpage 425.
VMware, Inc. 417
Appendix B Using the Eclipse Integrated Virtual Debugger
Setting Up the Eclipse Integrated Virtual Debugger
Environment
Reviewtherequirementsandrecommendationsinthissectionbeforefollowingthe
instructionsinChapter 2,InstallingVMwareWorkstation,onpage 47toinstallthe
EclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerasanoptionalcomponentofWorkstation6.This
sectiondescribestherequirementsforhostandguestsystems,Eclipse,andtheJava
RuntimeEnvironment(JRE).
DuringWindowsinstallation,ifEclipseisnotinstalledin
C:\Program Files\EclipseorC:\Eclipse,youmustusetheCustomsetupto
selecttheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggercomponentandspecifytheEclipse
directorylocation.
DuringLinuxinstallation,youmustoverridethedefaultvalueofNowhenprompted
byvmware-config.pltoinstalltheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebugger.
WhenyouinstalltheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebugger:
TheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerplugin,ivd.jar,FoundryJava
bindings,andtheplugin.xmllaunchconfigurationfileareplacedinthe
com.vmware.bfg_1.0.0subdirectoryoftheEclipseplugindirectory.
AfteryourestartEclipse,theDebugmenuincludesthenewlaunchconfiguration
typesVMwareattachtoapplicationandVMwareexecuteJavaapplication.
TheselaunchconfigurationtypeshaveaVMwaretabthatenablesyoutoconfigure
virtualmachinesettings.
Youcandebuginmultiplevirtualmachinessimultaneously.Youcanalsodebug
multiplesessionsinasinglevirtualmachine.
Host System Requirements
TheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggercanrunonanysupportedhostoperating
systemthatisrunningWorkstation6andhasEclipseinstalled.Eclipsemustberunning
onthesamesystemasWorkstation6.SeeEclipseRequirementsforadditionalEclipse
requirements.
Workstation Users Manual
418 VMware, Inc.
Supported Host Operating Systems
TheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggersupportsthefollowingWindows32bithost
operatingsystems:
WindowsVistaEnterpriseEdition
WindowsVistaBusinessEdition
WindowsVistaHomeBasicandPremiumEditions
WindowsVistaUltimateEdition
WindowsXPHomeEdition,SP1,SP2
WindowsXPProfessional,SP1,SP2
Windows2000ServerSP3,SP4
Windows2000Professional,SP3,SP4
Windows2000AdvancedServer,SP3,SP4
TheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggersupportsthefollowingLinux32bitand64bit
hostoperatingsystems:
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.5(Beta,formerlycalled4.0Update5)
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAS4.0,updates1,2,3,4
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxES4.0,updates1,2,3,4
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxWS4.0,updates1,2,3,4
RedHatLinux9.0stock2.4.208,upgrade2.4.2020.9
UbuntuLinux6.10
UbuntuLinux6.06
Supported JRE Versions
ThehostsystemmustberunningaJavaRuntimeEnvironment(JRE)meetingJava2
PlatformStandardEdition(J2SE)5.0orhigherspecifications.J2SEconsistsoftheJRE
anddevelopertoolsforcompiling,debugging,andrunningapplicationswritteninthe
Javalanguage.
NOTEWindows64bithostoperatingsystemsarenotcurrentlysupported.
NOTEEclipsedisplaystheerrormessageunable to load classifanunsupported
versionofJ2SEisbeingusedonthehostsystem.
VMware, Inc. 419
Appendix B Using the Eclipse Integrated Virtual Debugger
Eclipse Requirements
YoumusthaveEclipse3.2or3.3installedonthehost.OnWindowsVistahosts,you
musthaveEclipse3.2.2or3.3installed.
TheJavalanguageissupported.YoucannothaveGCJJavainstalledontheguest
operatingsystem.
ReviewVirtualMachineRequirementsforinformationaboutguestsystem
requirements.
Virtual Machine Requirements
TheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerissupportedonanyWorkstation6virtual
machinethatisrunningasupportedWindowsorLinuxguestoperatingsystem.
Supported Guest Operating Systems
Thissectionprovidesasimplifiedlistofguestoperatingsystemssupportedfor
debugginginvirtualmachines.Forthemostrecentlistofsupportedguestoperating
systems,includingdetailedinformationaboutthespecificoperatingsystemversions,
servicepacks,andupdatessupported,seetheVMwareGuestOperatingSystem
InstallationGuide,athttp://pubs.vmware.com/guestnotes/.Thisguidealsoprovides
notesoninstallingthemostcommonguestoperatingsystems.
Operatingsystemsthatarenotlistedarenotsupportedfordebugginginavirtual
machine.
ThefollowingWindows32bitguestoperatingsystemsaresupported:
WindowsVista(allexceptVistaHomeEdition,whichcannotberuninavirtual
machineduetoMicrosoftlicensingrestrictions)
WindowsServer2003,EnterpriseEditionandR2
WindowsXPProfessionalandHomeEdition
Windows2000Professional
Windows2000Server
Windows2000AdvancedServer
ThefollowingWindows64bitguestoperatingsystemsaresupported:
WindowsVistax64Edition(3Deffectsnotyetsupported)
WindowsServer2003x64Edition
WindowsXPProfessionalx64
Workstation Users Manual
420 VMware, Inc.
ThefollowingLinux32bitand64bitguestoperatingsystemsaresupported:
RedHatLinux8and9
RedHatEnterpriseLinuxAdvancedServer,EnterpriseServer,andWorkstation4
and5
UbuntuLinux6.10
UbuntuLinux6.06
SUSELinux10
SUSELinuxEnterpriseServer10
VMware Tools Requirements
MakesurethattheversionofVMwareToolsontheguestoperatingsystemmatchesthe
versionofWorkstation6(whichtheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerisa
componentof)onthehost.
Java and JRE Requirements
YoucannothaveGCJJavainstalledontheguestoperatingsystem.
TheguestoperatingsystemmustberunningJRE1.4.2orhigher.Ifyouarenotusing
JRE5.0ontheguest,youmustupdatethebuildsettingsinEclipsetobecompatible
withtheolderJRE.
To update the Eclipse build settings to use a 1.4.x JRE on the guest
1 IntheEclipsePackageExplorer,rightclickthetopmostfolder(Projectitem)and
chooseProperties.
2 IntheleftpaneofthePropertiespage,selectJavaCompiler.
3 SelectEnableprojectspecificsettings,andsettheJDKComplianceCompiler
compliancelevelto1.4.
Installing PSAPI.DLL on Windows NT
OnWindowsNT,youmustinstallthepsapi.dlllibraryfiletoretrieveprocessstatus
informationsothattheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggercanattachtoaprocess.You
candownloadpsapi.dllfrom
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/library/ms684884.aspx.
VMware, Inc. 421
Appendix B Using the Eclipse Integrated Virtual Debugger
Disabling the Firewall on Linux Guest Systems
YoumustdisablethefirewallonLinuxguestoperatingsystems.TheEclipseIntegrated
VirtualDebuggeropensanavailableport(searchingfromport49152)foreach
debuggingsession.
Configuring the Firewall on Windows Guest Systems
Ifyouareusinga1.4.xJREonWindowsguestsystems,youmusteitherdisablethe
firewallorallowincomingconnectionstotheJVM.IfyouhaveaWindowssystem
(suchasWindowsXPSP2,Windows2003,andWindowsVista)thatallowsyouto
configureexceptionstothefirewall,youcanaddtheJVMtotheexceptionslist.
To add the JVM to the exceptions list
1 ChooseStart>ControlPanel>WindowsFirewallandselecttheExceptionstab.
2 ClickAddProgramandbrowsetotheJavaexecutable.
3 ClickOK.
Managing Virtual Machine Launch Configurations
Youcanmanageconfigurationsettingsforeachvirtualmachineinwhichyouwantto
debugapplications.EclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerlaunchconfigurations
determinewhichvirtualmachinetoruntheapplicationinandhowtheapplicationis
executed.
ThelaunchconfigurationtypesVMwareattachtoapplicationandVMwareexecute
JavaapplicationhaveaVMwaretab.ThevaluesyouenterintheVMwaretab
determinevirtualmachineconfigurationsettings.Onceconfigured,youcanstartand
attachtoapplicationsinvirtualmachinesfromtheEclipseDebugandRunmenus.
ChooseRun>Debugtomanagelaunchconfigurations.Youcancreate,duplicate,edit,
andremoveconfigurations.
NOTEOnWindowsVistaguests,youmighthavetorestartthefirewallafter
configuringittoallowincomingconnectionstotheJVM.
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422 VMware, Inc.
Using Application Configurations to Start Applications in a
Virtual Machine
Thissectiondescribesthevirtualmachinesettingsyoucanconfiguretostartan
applicationinavirtualmachine.
To create, duplicate, or edit a launch configuration to start an application in a
virtual machine
1 ChooseRun>Debug.
TheDebugpageisdisplayed.Youcancreate,manage,andrunconfigurations
fromthispage.
2 Youcancreatealaunchconfigurationbasedondefaultsettingsorbasedon
anotherconfiguration.Youcanalsoeditanexistingconfiguration.Dooneofthe
following:
CreateaconfigurationbasedondefaultsettingsbyselectingVMwareexecute
Javaapplicationintheleftpane,andclickingtheNewlaunchconfiguration
iconatthetopofthepane.
Createaconfigurationbasedonanotherconfigurationbyselectingthe
configurationyouwanttoduplicateunderVMwareexecuteJavaapplication
intheleftpane,andclickingtheDuplicatesthecurrentlyselected
configurationiconatthetopofthepane.
Editanexistingconfigurationbyselectingtheconfigurationyouwanttoedit
underVMwareexecuteJavaapplicationintheleftpane.
PerformtheremainingstepsintheVMwaretaboftherightpane.
3 Chooseavirtualmachinefromthedropdownmenuofrecentlyusedand
currentlyrunningvirtualmachines.
ClickBrowsetoselectfrom.vmxfilesonthesystem.
4 (Optional)IfyouwanttouseaJVMotherthantheonethatisautomatically
selected,selectanalternateJVMpath.
5 (Optional)Expandthelistofsharedfolderstoadd,edit,orremovefolderstobe
sharedbetweenthehostandtheguestsystems.
Foreachfolder,enterthesharenameandthelocationonthehostsystem.
Bydefault,theprojectfolderisshared.
VMware, Inc. 423
Appendix B Using the Eclipse Integrated Virtual Debugger
6 (Optional)Indicateactionstobeperformedbeforetheapplicationislaunched:
SelectSetvirtualmachinestatetomostrecentsnapshottoreverttothemost
recentsnapshotbeforetheapplicationislaunched.
SelectRunscriptandenteroneormoreshellcommandstobeexecutedinthe
guestoperatingsystembeforetheapplicationislaunched.Nosyntax
checkingisperformed.Eitherenteronecommandperline,orentermultiple
commandsonthesamelineusingasemicolonasaseparator.
7 (Optional)Indicateactionstobeperformedaftertheapplicationhasterminated:
SelectRunscriptandenteroneormoreshellcommandstobeexecutedinthe
guestoperatingsystemaftertheapplicationhasterminated.Nosyntax
checkingisperformed.Eitherenteronecommandperline,orentermultiple
commandsonthesamelineusingasemicolonasaseparator.
SelectSetvirtualmachinestate,andselectoneofthefollowingoptions:
tosuspended(default)
tomostrecentsnapshot
topoweredoff
8 ClickApply.
IfyouclickRevert,settingsreverttopreviousvalues.
Ifnewlycreated,thelaunchconfigurationisaddedtotheleftpane.
Workstation Users Manual
424 VMware, Inc.
Using Application Configurations to Attach to Applications
Running in a Virtual Machine
Thissectiondescribesthevirtualmachinesettingsyoucanconfiguretoattachtoan
applicationthatisalreadyrunninginavirtualmachine.
To create, duplicate, or edit a configuration that attaches to a running application
in a virtual machine
1 ChooseRun>Debug.
TheDebugpageisdisplayed.Youcancreate,manage,andrunconfigurations
fromthispage.
2 Youcancreatealaunchconfigurationbasedondefaultsettingsorbasedon
anotherconfiguration.Dooneofthefollowing:
CreateaconfigurationbasedondefaultsettingsbyselectingVMwareattach
toapplicationintheleftpane,andclickingtheNewlaunchconfiguration
iconatthetopofthepane.
Createaconfigurationbasedonanotherconfigurationbyselectingthe
configurationyouwanttoduplicateunderVMwareattachtoapplicationin
theleftpaneandclickingtheDuplicatesthecurrentlyselectedconfiguration
iconatthetopofthepane.
Editanexistingconfigurationbyselectingtheconfigurationyouwanttoedit
underVMwareattachtoapplicationintheleftpane.
PerformtheremainingstepsintheVMwaretaboftherightpane.
3 Chooseavirtualmachinefromthedropdownmenuofrecentlyusedand
currentlyrunningvirtualmachines.
ClickBrowsetoselectfrom.vmxfilesonthesystem.
4 ClickApply.
IfyouclickRevert,settingsreverttodefaultvalues.
Ifnewlycreated,thelaunchconfigurationisaddedtotheleftpane.
VMware, Inc. 425
Appendix B Using the Eclipse Integrated Virtual Debugger
Deleting Configurations
Youcanremoveanexistingconfiguration.
To remove a configuration
1 ChooseRun>Debug.
TheDebugpageisdisplayed.Youcancreate,manage,andrunconfigurations
fromthispage.
2 Intheleftpane,selectoneormoreconfigurationsyouwanttodeleteandclickthe
Deleteselectedlaunchconfiguration(s)iconatthetopofthepane.
Theconfigurationisremovedintheleftpane.
Running and Debugging Applications in Virtual Machines
Onceyouhavecreatedtheappropriatelaunchconfigurations,theEclipseIntegrated
VirtualDebuggerenablesyouto:
Startanapplicationdebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine.
Startanapplicationinavirtualmachinewithoutdebugging.
Startadebuggingsessionthatattachestoaprocessalreadyrunninginavirtual
machine.
Starting an Application Debugging Session in a Virtual Machine
Youcandebuganapplicationinanyconfiguredvirtualmachine.
To start a debugging session in a virtual machine
1 Beginthesessioninoneofthefollowingways:
FromtheDebugmenu,choosetheconfigurationfortheapplicationyouwant
tostartdebugging.
IntheDebugpage,selecttheconfigurationunderVMwareexecuteJava
applicationintheleftpaneandclickDebugintherightpane.
2 Performdebuggingtasksasyouwouldinalocaldebuggingenvironment.
NOTEDonotsuspendavirtualmachinewhiletheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebugger
isconnectedtoanapplication.Ifyoudo,theEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerwill
disconnectfromtheapplication.
Workstation Users Manual
426 VMware, Inc.
Starting an Application in a Virtual Machine Without Debugging
Youcanstartanapplicationwithoutdebugginginanyconfiguredvirtualmachine.
Beginthesessioninoneofthefollowingways:
FromtheRunmenu,choosetheconfigurationfortheapplicationyouwanttostart.
IntheRunpage,selecttheconfigurationunderVMwareexecuteJavaapplication
intheleftpaneandclickRunintherightpane.
Attaching the Debugger to an Application Running in a Virtual
Machine
YoucanattachthedebuggertoanyJavaapplicationthatisrunninginavirtual
machine.
To attach to an application that is running in a virtual machine
1 IntheDebugpage,selecttheconfigurationunderVMwareattachtoapplication
intheleftpaneandclickDebugintherightpane.
2 IfmorethanoneinstanceoftheJavaapplicationisrunninginthevirtualmachine,
adialogboxappearswithalistoftherunninginstances,eachidentifiedbytheir
processID,portnumber,andarguments.
Selecttheprocessyouwanttoattachto.
3 Performdebuggingtasksasyouwouldinalocaldebuggingenvironment.
NOTEDonotsuspendavirtualmachinewhiletheEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebugger
isconnectedtoanapplication.Ifyoudo,theEclipseIntegratedVirtualDebuggerwill
disconnectfromtheapplication.
VMware, Inc. 427
C
TheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerprovidesaconfigurableinterface
betweenVisualStudioandvirtualmachines,makingiteasytodevelopanddebug
applicationsthatruninmultipleWindowsoperatingsystemenvironmentsonasingle
PC.Debuggingyourapplicationsinvirtualmachinesenablesyoutoreproduceand
recorderrorswhilemaintainingtheintegrityofthehostmachine.Youcanperform
typicaldebuggingtaskssuchaspausingatbreakpoints,steppingthroughcode,and
viewingandmodifyingthestateofyourapplication,allwithoutimpactingthehost
environment.
Thischaptercontainsthefollowingsections:
OverviewoftheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggeronpage 427
SettingUptheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerEnvironmenton
page 430
ManagingVirtualMachineConfigurationsonpage 437
RunningandDebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachinesonpage 442
Overview of the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
TheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerenablesyouto:
Manageconfigurationsettingsforapplicationexecutionanddebugginginvirtual
machines.
Startanapplicationdebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine.
Using the Visual Studio
Integrated Virtual Debugger C
Workstation Users Manual
428 VMware, Inc.
Startanapplicationinavirtualmachinewithoutdebugging.
Startadebuggingsessionthatattachestoaprocessalreadyrunninginavirtual
machine.
Youcanmanageconfigurationsettingsforeachvirtualmachineinwhichyouwantto
executeanddebugapplications.Virtualmachineconfigurationproperties,whichyou
setintheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerconfigurationpages,determine
whichvirtualmachinetoruntheapplicationinandhowtheapplicationisexecuted.
Onceconfigured,theintegratedvirtualdebuggerfindsthevirtualmachine,powersit
onifnecessary,setsuptheenvironmentbasedonyourconfigurationsettings,and
startsorattachestotheapplication.
ForinformationoninstallationandotherrequirementsfortheVisualStudioIntegrated
VirtualDebugger,seeSettingUptheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebugger
Environmentonpage 430.
Forinformationonhowtomanagevirtualmachineconfigurations,seeManaging
VirtualMachineConfigurationsonpage 437.
Forinformationonrunninganddebuggingapplicationsinvirtualmachines,see
RunningandDebuggingApplicationsinVirtualMachinesonpage 442.
Configuration Options When Starting an Application in a Virtual
Machine
Toconfigurehowtostartanapplication(withorwithoutdebugging)inavirtual
machine,youcanspecifythefollowingsettingsintheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtual
Debuggerconfigurationpages:
ThecommandtobeexecutedbyVisualStudiointheguestoperatingsystem.
Thenameofthevirtualmachine(.vmxconfigurationfile).
Whethertorunthecommandasasharedpathonthehostorasaguestpath.
ThelocationoftheRemoteDebugMonitoronthehost.
ThenameoftheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest.
Youcanspecifythefollowingadditionalsettingswhenyoustartdebuggingan
applicationinavirtualmachine,butnotwhenyoustartanapplicationwithout
debugging:
(Optional)Thelocationoffolderstobesharedbetweenthehostandtheguest.
(Optional)Actionstoperformbeforestartinganapplicationinavirtualmachine,
including:
VMware, Inc. 429
Appendix C Using the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
Copyingfilesorfoldersfromthehosttothevirtualmachine.
Revertingthevirtualmachinetotheparentsnapshot.
Runningspecifiedpreexecutioncommandsontheguest.Forexample,ifyou
mustregisternewDLLsinthevirtualmachineeachtimetheprogramis
recompiled,youcancreateaDLLregistrationscriptandspecifythatitmust
berunduringsetup.
(Optional)Actionstoperformafteranapplicationinavirtualmachineis
terminated,including:
Runningspecifiedpostexecutioncommands(forexample,toperform
cleanuptasks)intheguest.
Settingthevirtualmachinestateto:
Nooperation(remainpoweredon,noshutdownaction)
Poweredoff
Theparentsnapshot
Suspended
Configuration Options When Attaching to a Process Running in
a Virtual Machine
Toconfigureadebuggingsessionthatattachestoaprocessalreadyrunninginavirtual
machine,youcanspecifythefollowingintheAttachtoProcessdialogbox:
Thenameofthevirtualmachine(.vmxconfigurationfile).
ThelocationoftheRemoteDebugMonitoronthehost.
ThenameoftheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest.
Workstation Users Manual
430 VMware, Inc.
Setting Up the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
Environment
Reviewtherequirementsandrecommendationsinthissectionbeforefollowingthe
instructionsinChapter 2,InstallingVMwareWorkstation,onpage 47toinstallthe
VisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerasanoptionalcomponentofWorkstation6.
TheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggercanbeinstalledonmostWindowshost
systemsthatarerunningWorkstation6andhaveasupportedversionofVisualStudio
installed.
WhenyouinstalltheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebugger:
TheassociatedDLLsareplacedinthe\Program Files\VMware\VMware
Workstation\Visual Studio Integrated Debuggerand
\Program Files\VMware\VMware VIX\ws-2\32bitdirectories.
WhenyourestartVisualStudio,theintegratedvirtualdebuggerisloadedandthe
VMwaremenuandtoolbarbecomeavailable.
Apreferencefile,vsid-prefs.xml,iscreatedinthe
\Documents and Settings\<user_name>\Application Data\VMware
directory.Donoteditthisfiledirectly.Itisupdatedwhenyoumakechangesinthe
integratedvirtualdebuggerconfigurationpages.
Afile,<project_name>.idc,iscreatedforeachprojectinsamedirectoryasthe
projectfilewhenaprojectofatypesupportedbytheintegratedvirtualdebugger
isloadedinVisualStudio.
Alogfile,vmware-vsid-<integer>.log,iscreatedinthe
\Documents and Settings\<user_name>\Local Settings\Tempdirectory.
YoucanchooseVMware>AboutVMwareVirtualDebuggertoviewthelogfile
name.Thislogfilecontainsinformationalanderrormessagesabouttheactionsof
theintegratedvirtualdebugger.
Youcandebuginmultiplevirtualmachinessimultaneously.Youcanalsodebug
multiplesessionsinasinglevirtualmachine.However,youcannotdebugonalocalor
physicallyremotemachineandinavirtualmachineatthesametime.
VMware, Inc. 431
Appendix C Using the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
Microsoft Visual Studio Requirements and Recommendations
ThissectionincludesrequirementsandconfigurationrecommendationsforVisual
Studio.
VisualStudiomustberunningonthesamesystemasWorkstation6.
Supported Versions of Visual Studio
OnlyVisualStudio2005ProfessionalandTeamSystemseditionsaresupported.These
versionsofVisualStudioallowremotedebuggingonWindowssystems,withthe
exceptionsofWindowsNTandWindowsVistaStarterEdition.TheVisualStudio
IntegratedVirtualDebuggerusesthefeaturesoftheRemoteDebugMonitor
(msvsmon.exe)tocommunicatewiththeguestoperatingsystem.
VMwarerecommendsthatyouinstallVisualStudio2005SP1.Formoreinformation,
seehttp://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/vstudio/bb265237.aspx.
ForimportantinformationaboutrunningVisualStudio2005onWindowsVista,see
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/vstudio/aa972193.aspx.
RunningtheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggeronWindowsVistaStarter
Editionisnotsupported.ForinformationaboutissuesrunningVisualStudioon
WindowsVistaStarterEdition,see
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/vstudio/aa964140.aspx#question46.
Supported Languages
TheC/C++(NativeandManaged),C#,andVisualBasiclanguagesaresupported.
Configuring the Runtime Library Setting for C++ Applications
Whenyoudebugonaphysicallyremotemachineorinavirtualmachine,the
applicationmightnotstartiftheruntimelibrarysettingissettocertainvalues.Ifyou
encounterthisproblem,changetheC++runtimelibrarysetting.
To update the Visual Studio runtime library setting
1 ChooseProject>Properties.
2 ExpandConfigurationProperties>C/C++andselectCodeGeneration.
3 SetCodeGenerationtoRuntimeLibrarypropertytoMultithreaded(/MT)or
MultithreadedDebug(/MTd).
Foradditionalinformation,see
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/library/ms235624.aspx.
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432 VMware, Inc.
Host System Requirements
TheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggercanrunonmostWindowshost
operatingsystemssupportedbyWorkstation6,listedinWindowsHostOperating
Systems(32Bit)onpage 34andWindowsHostOperatingSystems(64Bit)on
page 35.OnWindowsServer2003,onlyEnterpriseEditionSP1andR2aresupported.
IfremotedebuggingisnotworkingonaWindowsVistahost,trythefollowing:
ManuallyconfigurethefirewalltoallowtrafficfromVisualStudio.
RunVisualStudiowithAdministratorpermissions.Formoreinformation,see
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/vstudio/aa972193.aspx.
Virtual Machine Requirements and Recommendations
Thissectionincludesrequirementsandconfigurationrecommendationsforvirtual
machines.
Guest Operating System Support
TheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerissupportedonanyWorkstation6
virtualmachinethatisrunningasupportedWindowsguestoperatingsystem,withthe
exceptionsofWindowsNT,WindowsMe,Windows98,Windows95,Windowsfor
Workgroups,Windows3.1,WindowsXPHomeEdition,andWindowsVistaStarter
Edition.
MakesurethattheversionofVMwareToolsontheguestoperatingsystemmatchesthe
versionofWorkstation6(whichtheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggerisa
componentof)onthehost.
Configuring the Network
SetupthevirtualmachinenetworkasBridgedorHostonly.
OnWindowsXP,intheguestsystemControlPanel>AdministrativeTools>Local
SecurityPolicy>LocalPolicies>SecurityOptionspage,setthepolicyNetworkaccess:
SharingandsecuritymodelforlocalaccountstoClassiclocalusersauthenticated
asthemselves.
OnWindowsVista,Classiclocalusersauthenticatedasthemselvesisthedefault
valueforthispolicy.Toverifythatthispolicyissetcorrectly,followthesamestepsas
forWindowsXP.
NOTEItisnotpossibletoviewthispolicyonWindowsVistaHomePremiumandVista
HomeBasic.
VMware, Inc. 433
Appendix C Using the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
Configuring the Firewall on Windows XP SP2 Virtual Machines
WindowsXPSP2systemshavethefirewallenabledbydefault.Todebuginavirtual
machinewithWindowsXPSP2,youmustdisablethefirewallorconfigureit
appropriately.VMwarerecommendsdisablingthefirewall.Virtualmachinesare
protectedbehindthehostfirewall.
ForinformationonsettingupremotedebugginginVisualStudiousingWindowsXP
SP2withthefirewallenabled,see
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;%5BLN%5D;833977#2020
Configuring User Accounts
LogintotheguestoperatingsystemwithanAdministratoraccount.Usethesamelocal
ordomainuseraccountonthehostmachinetologintotheguestoperatingsystem.
ForadditionalinformationonsettingupWindowsuseraccountsforremote
debugging,seehttp://msdn2.microsoft.com/enus/library/ms164725.aspx.
Topreventatimedelay,poweronthevirtualmachineandlogintotheguestoperating
systembeforedebugginginavirtualmachine.Youcansetupautomaticlogintobypass
theloginscreenwhentheguestisbooting,asdescribednext.
Setting the Password Policy
Windowshasadefaultsecurityfeaturethathelpsprotectuserswithblankpasswords
fromnetworkbasedattacks.Userswhodonotpasswordprotecttheiraccountscanlog
inonlyattheirphysicalcomputerconsole:themonitor,keyboard,andmousethatis
physicallyconnectedtotheircomputer.Thisrestrictionappliesonlytolocaluser
accounts,nottodomainuseraccounts.
Forinformationonhowtodisableblankpasswordrestrictions,see
http://support.microsoft.com/?id=303846.
NOTETheusername,password,anddomainname(ifnotlocalonbothsystems)must
matchonthehostandtheguest.OtherwisetheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest
willnotbeabletocommunicatewiththeVisualStudiodebuggeronthehost.
NOTECommunicationbetweenVisualStudioandtheguestoperatingsystemisnot
initiateduntilthevirtualmachineispoweredonandtheconfigureduserisloggedin.
ThisuserrunstheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest,whichinturncommunicates
withtheVisualStudiodebuggeronthehost.
Workstation Users Manual
434 VMware, Inc.
Suppressing Security Prompts
Runninganapplicationfromanetworksharetriggersasecurityprompteverytimethe
fileisaccessed.VMwarerecommendsthatyouturnoffsecuritypromptsontheguest
operatingsystem.
To turn off security prompts on the guest system
1 InInternetExplorer,chooseTools>InternetOptions>Security>LocalIntranet,
andclickSites.
2 ClickAdvanced,andaddanewWebsite:file://*..host
Alternatively,youcanedittheregistrykeydirectly.
To turn off security prompts by editing the registry key
1 Opentheregistry.
2 Addanewkey,.host,under
HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\InternetSettings\
ZoneMap\Domains.
3 Inthe.hostkey,createanewDWORDValuecalledfileandsetitsvalueto1.
Installing the Microsoft .NET Framework to Support Managed
Applications
TodebugmanagedC++,C#,andVisualBasicapplications,whichusetheCommon
LanguageRuntime,youmustinstalltheMicrosoft.NETFrameworkversion2.0or
higherontheguestoperatingsystem.
Using Unique Virtual Machine Computer Names
Verifythatthecomputernamesareuniqueonallvirtualmachines,otherwisethe
VisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebuggercannotfindtheappropriatevirtualmachine
onthenetwork.
To rename a computer
1 Ontheguestsystem,chooseStart>ControlPanel>System.
2 SelecttheComputerNametab.
3 ClickChange.
4 Typeauniquename,andclickOK.
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Appendix C Using the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
Installing and Starting the Remote Debug Monitor Manually on Windows
98 Guest Systems
Toenabledebugginginavirtualmachine,theVisualStudioIntegratedVirtual
DebuggersharesthehostfolderthatcontainstheRemoteDebugMonitor,andrunsthat
RemoteDebugMonitorontheguest.OnWindows98,itisnotpossibletorunthe
RemoteDebugMonitor(oranyexecutable)fromasharedfolder.Anattempttodoso
generatestheerror:The remote debugger is not properly installed. On a
Windows ME or Windows 98 computer, the debugger cannot be run off a
file share. Run the remote debugger setup.
Instead,youmustmanuallyinstallandstarttheRemoteDebugMonitorexecutable,
msvsmon.exe,ontheguestoperatingsystembeforestartingadebuggingsession.You
cancopymsvsmon.exetotheguestbeforestartingthedebugsession,createamapping
toanetworksharewiththehostwheremsvsmon.exeislocated,orinstallmsvsmon.exe
fromtheVisualStudio2005installationCD.YoumustalsoruntheRemoteDebug
Monitorwithoutauthenticationandusethedefaultport,4015.
To start the Remote Debug Monitor without authentication on the default port
1 Runthecommand
msvsmon.exe /noauth
2 Verifythatyouareusingport4015byconfirmingthatRemoteDebugMonitor
displaysthemessageMsvsmon started a new server named
'<guest_name>:4015'. Authentication is disabled. Waiting for new
connections.
BecauserunningtheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguestsystemwithout
authenticationposesasecurityriskforthatguest,itisrecommendedthatyoutakea
snapshotfirstandsetReverttoParentSnapshottoYesinPostDebugEventor
PreDebugEventproperties,asdescribedinSettingConfigurationPropertieson
page 439.
Duetosharedfolderlimitations,youmustalso:
SetRunCommandAstoaguestpath.Thisproperty,whichindicateshowthe
commandbeingexecutedbythedebuggerisrun,isdescribedinSettingGeneral
Propertiesonpage 439.
LeaveSharedDirectoriesunset,becausedirectoriescannotbesharedbetweenthe
hostandtheguest.ThispropertyisdescribedinSettingVirtualMachine
Propertiesonpage 440.
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Troubleshooting Tips
ThissectioncontainsadditionalinformationthatenablesyoutousetheVisualStudio
IntegratedVirtualDebuggersuccessfully.
Changing Shortcut Keys
IfyouchangetheshortcutkeysforVMDebuggercommands(in
Tools>Options>Keyboard),thetooltipsfortheVMwaremenuandtoolbarwillnot
reflectthechangesuntilyourestartVisualStudio.
Reinstalling VMware Tools If the Debugging Session Does Not Start
IfthedebuggingsessionfailstostartandthelastmessageintheVMwareoutput
window(andlogfile)isWaiting for VMware Tools to start,checkwhetherthe
guestsystemhasthelatestVMwareToolsinstalledandrunning.Ifnot,upgradetothe
latestversionofVMwareTools.SeeUpgradingVMwareToolsonpage 116.
Exiting Visual Studio Before Powering Off a Virtual Machine
IfyouattempttoexitVisualStudioafterstartingadebuggingsessionbutbefore
logginginorrunningVMwareToolsontheguest,VisualStudiowillnotexituntilthe
virtualmachineispoweredoffortheuserisloggedintotheguestoperatingsystem.
Unloading the VMDebugger Add-in
TopermanentlyuninstalltheVisualStudioIntegratedVirtualDebugger,runthe
Workstationinstallationprogram,selectModifyontheProgramMaintenancepage,
deselectVisualStudioPlugInintheCustomsetup,andcontinuethroughthe
installationwizard.
Cleaning Up After a Crash
Ifyoutrytorunthedebuggerlocallyafteradebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine
crashesorfreezes,youmightgetaVisualStudioerrorthatindicatesthattheremote
servercannotbefound.
ToresetVisualStudiotodebuglocally:
InC++,chooseProjectPropertyPages>DebuggingandsettheDebuggerto
LaunchpropertytoLocal Windows Debugger.SettheCommandpropertyto
eitheranemptystringorthecorrectlocalpath.
NOTEDeselectingStartinTools>AddInManagerdoesnotpreventtheVisualStudio
IntegratedVirtualDebuggerAddinfromloading.
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Appendix C Using the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
InC#andVB,chooseProjectPropertyPages>Debug.MakesureStartprojectis
selectedandUseremotemachineisdeselected.
Optionally,removeanysharedfoldersthatwereusedtorunthedebugcommandand
theRemoteDebugMonitor.Sharedfoldersareusuallyremovedattheendofa
debuggingsession,buttheymightnotberemovedinthefollowingcircumstances:
Ifthedebuggingsessioncausesacrash.
Ifthevirtualmachineispoweredoffwhilethedebuggingsessionisstillrunning.
Thesesharedfoldersaretypicallyreusedwhenanotherdebuggingsessionisstarted,
sothiscleanupisnotrequired.
Managing Virtual Machine Configurations
Beforeyoucanstartordebugapplicationsinavirtualmachine,youmustcreateor
modifyvirtualmachineconfigurationsandsetconfigurationproperties.TheDefault
configurationinitiallyincludesthedefaultvaluesforallpropertiesthathavethem.
ChooseVMware>Optionstomanageconfigurations.Youcancreate,rename,and
removeconfigurationsasdescribedinthissection,andyoucansetandmodify
configurationpropertiesforexistingconfigurationsasdescribedinSetting
ConfigurationPropertiesonpage 439.
TheconfigurationselectedintheConfigurationdropdownmenuistheonebeing
editedintheconfigurationpages,whiletheconfigurationselectedintheActive
ConfigurationdropdownmenuistheoneusedwhenyouchooseVMware>Startor
VMware>StartWithoutDebugging.
Creating Configurations
Thissectiondescribeshowtocreateanewconfiguration.
To create a new configuration
1 ChooseVMware>Options.
2 ClicktheNewiconnexttotheConfigurationdropdownmenu.
3 IntheNewConfigurationpage,typeanameforthenewconfiguration.
4 Chooseaconfigurationtocopysettingsfrom.
5 Thedefaultselectionis<Default>,whichincludesthedefaultvaluesforall
propertiesthathavethem.
6 ClickOK.
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Thenewconfigurationiscreatedandlistedastheactiveconfigurationinthe
ConfigurationandActiveConfigurationdropdownmenus.Next,editthe
configurationproperties,asdescribedinSettingConfigurationPropertieson
page 439.
Renaming Configurations
Youcanrenameanexistingconfiguration.
To rename a configuration
1 ChooseVMware>Options.
2 ChoosetheconfigurationyouwanttorenamefromtheConfigurationdropdown
menu,andclicktheEditicon.
3 IntheEditConfigurationpage,selecttheconfigurationyouwanttorename,and
clickRename.
4 Typethenewnameovertheexistingname,andpressEnter.
5 Attheconfirmationprompt,clickYes.
6 ClickClose.
TherenamedconfigurationislistedastheactiveconfigurationintheConfiguration
dropdownmenu.Youcanedititsconfigurationproperties,asdescribedinSetting
ConfigurationPropertiesonpage 439.
Removing Configurations
Youcanremoveanexistingconfiguration.
To remove a configuration
1 ChooseVMware>Options.
2 ChoosethenameoftheconfigurationyouwanttodeletefromtheConfiguration
dropdownmenu,andclicktheEditicon.
3 IntheEditConfigurationpage,selecttheconfigurationyouwanttodelete,and
clickRemove.
4 Attheconfirmationprompt,clickYes.
5 ClickClose.
TheconfigurationisremovedfromtheConfigurationdropdownmenu.
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Appendix C Using the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
Setting Configuration Properties
Youcaneditconfigurationpropertiesforaspecificconfigurationbychoosingthe
configurationnamefromtheConfigurationdropdownmenu.Youcanalsoedit
configurationpropertiesforallconfigurationsbychoosingAllConfigurationsfrom
theConfigurationdropdownmenu.
TheDefaultconfigurationinitiallyincludesthedefaultvaluesforallpropertiesthat
havethem.
Setting General Properties
Generalpropertiesinclude:
ThecommandtobeexecutedbyVisualStudiointheguestoperatingsystem.
Howthecommandisrun:asapathonthehostinasharedfolderorasapathon
theguest.
ThelocationoftheRemoteDebugMonitoronthehost.
ThenameoftheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest.
To set general properties
1 ChooseVMware>Options,andselectGeneralintheleftpane.
2 SetCommandtothecommandtobeexecutedbythedebuggerintheguestsystem.
ClickBrowsetoselectapathtotheexecutableonthehostfilesystem.
Thecommanddirectoryisautomaticallysharedbetweenthehostandtheguest.
3 SetRunCommandAstoindicatehowthedebugcommandisrun:eitherasahost
paththroughasharedfolderoraguestpath.
Whenahostpaththroughasharedfolderisselected,thefolderwherethe
commandislocatedissharedbeforethedebuggingsessionisstarted.The
commandisexecutedfromthesharedfolder,andwhenthedebuggingsession
ends,thefolderisnolongershared.Thenameofthesharedfolderis
\\.host\Shared Folders\$(ProjectName)<random_number>.
Whenaguestpathisselected,thecommandisexecutedfromthespecifiedpath
ontheguest.
Thedefaultisahostpaththroughasharedfolder.
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4 SetRemoteDebugMonitortothelocationoftheRemoteDebugMonitoronthe
host.
ThedefaultistheVisualStudioinstalledpath,typically:
\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote Debugger\x86\
msvsmon.exe
Usethedefaultremotedebugmonitorifyouaredebugginga32bitprocessina
32bitvirtualmachine.
Ifyouwanttodebuga32bitprocessina64bitvirtualmachine,usetheRemote
DebugMonitor:
\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote
Debugger\x86\msvsmon.exe
Ifyouwanttodebuga64bitprocessina64bitvirtualmachine,usethe64bit
RemoteDebugMonitor:
\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote
Debugger\x64\msvsmon.exe
5 TypeanamefortheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest.
Thedefaultnameis<username>.
IfaRemoteDebugMonitorisalreadyrunningontheguest,whenthenew
connectionismadebetweentheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguestandthe
VisualStudiodebuggeronthehost,youarepromptedtochoosewhetherto
connecttotheonethatisrunningorstartanotheronewithadifferentname.
Setting Virtual Machine Properties
Virtualmachinepropertiesinclude:
Thepathtothevirtualmachinefile(.vmxfile).
(Optional)Thelocationofanydirectoriessharedbetweenthehostandtheguest.
To set virtual machine properties
1 ChooseVMware>Options,andselectVirtualMachineintheleftpane.
2 SetVirtualMachinetothepathtothevirtualmachinefile(.vmxfile).
ClickBrowsetoselectfrom.vmxfilesonthesystem.
3 (Optional)SetSharedFolderstoasemicolondelimitedlistofpairedfoldernames
intheform<shared_name>=<host_folder_name>.
ClickBrowsetoentersharenamesandfoldernamesusingadialogbox.
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Appendix C Using the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
(Optional) Setting Pre-Debug Event Properties
PreDebugEventpropertiesdeterminewhichactionsareperformedbeforethedebug
commandisrun.Allofthesesettingsareoptional.
To configure actions to perform before beginning debugging
1 ChooseVMware>Options,andselectPreDebugEventintheleftpane.
2 SetReverttoParentSnapshottoYesorNo.
IfsettoYes,thevirtualmachinerevertstoitsparentsnapshotwhenthedebugging
sessionisstarted.
ThedefaultisNo.
3 SetCopyFilestoasemicolondelimitedlistofpairedfileordirectorynamesthat
arecopiedfromthehosttotheguestmachineintheform
<host_machine_file/folder>=<virtual_machine_file/folder>.
ClickBrowsetoselectfromfilesonthesystem.
Allspecifiedfilesarecopiedbeforeanypredebuggingcommandsareexecuted.
4 SetCommandLinetooneormoresemicolondelimitedcommandsthatarerun
afterfilesarecopied(asdescribedintheprecedingstep)andbeforethedebugging
sessionstarts.
ClickBrowsetoentercommandsusingadialogbox.
(Optional) Setting Post-Debug Event Properties
PostDebugEventpropertiesdeterminewhichactionsareperformedafterthedebug
commandisterminated.Allofthesesettingsareoptional.
To configure actions to perform after debugging has occurred
1 ChooseVMware>Options,andselectPostDebugEventintheleftpane.
2 SetCommandLinetooneormoresemicolondelimitedcommandsthatarerun
afterthedebuggingsessionends.
ClickBrowsetoentercommandsusingadialogbox.
3 SetTerminationModeto:
Nooperation(default)
Poweroff
Reverttoparentsnapshot
Suspend
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Running and Debugging Applications in Virtual Machines
Onceyouhavecreatedtheappropriateconfigurations,theVisualStudioIntegrated
VirtualDebuggerenablesyouto:
Startanapplicationdebuggingsessioninavirtualmachine.
Startanapplicationinavirtualmachinewithoutdebugging.
Startadebuggingsessionthatattachestoaprocessalreadyrunninginavirtual
machine.
Starting a Debugging Session in a Virtual Machine
Youcandebuganapplicationinanyconfiguredvirtualmachine.
To start a debugging session in a virtual machine
1 ChooseVMware>Start.
Theapplicationisstartedinthevirtualmachine.
2 PerformdebuggingtasksasyouwouldfromtheDebug>StartDebuggingVisual
Studiomenu.
Ifyouwanttokilltheprocessesassociatedwiththedebuggingsessionontheguest
systemandrestartdebugging,chooseVMware>Restart.
Starting a Session Without Debugging in a Virtual Machine
Youcanstartanapplicationinanyconfiguredvirtualmachinewithoutdebugging.
Whenyoustartanapplicationwithoutdebugging,theVisualStudioIntegratedVirtual
Debugger:
1 Powersonthevirtualmachineifnecessary.
2 Sharesthefoldertotheexecutable.
3 Runstheexecutable.
4 Removesthesharedfolderwhentheexecutableterminates.
Whenyoustartanapplicationwithoutdebugging,theintegratedvirtualdebugger
doesnotexecutepredebugorpostdebugoperations,shareadditionaldirectories,or
starttheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguestsystem.
NOTEYoumustlogintotheguestsystemmanuallybeforetheapplicationis
started.Foradditionalinformation,seeConfiguringUserAccountsonpage 433.
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Appendix C Using the Visual Studio Integrated Virtual Debugger
To start an application in a virtual machine without debugging
ChooseVMware>StartWithoutDebugging.
Theapplicationisstartedinthevirtualmachine.
Attaching the Debugger to a Process Running in a Virtual
Machine
Youcandebuganapplicationthatisalreadyrunninginavirtualmachine.
To attach the debugger to a running process
1 ChooseVMware>AttachtoProcess.
TheAttachtoProcesspageisdisplayed.
2 ChoosethevirtualmachineonwhichtoviewrunningprocessesfromtheRunning
VirtualMachinesdropdownmenu.
Onlyvirtualmachinesthatarepoweredonappearinthedropdownmenu.
3 SetRemoteDebugMonitortothelocationoftheRemoteDebugMonitoronthe
host.
ThedefaultistheVisualStudioinstalledpath,typically:
\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote Debugger\x86\
msvsmon.exe
Usethedefaultremotedebugmonitorifyouaredebugginga32bitprocessina
32bitvirtualmachine.
Ifyouwanttodebuga32bitprocessina64bitvirtualmachine,usetheRemote
DebugMonitor:
\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote
Debugger\x86\msvsmon.exe
Ifyouwanttodebuga64bitprocessina64bitvirtualmachine,usethe64bit
RemoteDebugMonitor:
\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\Remote
Debugger\x64\msvsmon.exe
NOTEYoumustlogintotheguestsystemmanuallybeforeyoucanrunthe
application.Foradditionalinformation,seeConfiguringUserAccountsonpage 433.
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4 TypeanamefortheRemoteDebugMonitorontheguest.
ThedefaultnameisVMDebug.
5 Choosetheprocessyouwanttoattachtofromthelistofavailableprocesses,and
clickAttach.
Ifyouwanttorefreshthelistofrunningprocesses,clickRefresh.
NOTEIfaRemoteDebugMonitorisalreadyrunningontheguest,youcanstart
anotheronewithadifferentnameoruseonethatisalreadyrunning.
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A administrativelockout
AglobalsettingprovidingpasswordprotectionforWindowshosts.
Administrativelockoutrestrictsusersfromcreatingnewvirtualmachines,editing
virtualmachineconfigurations,andchangingnetworksettings.
B bridgednetworking
Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandtherestoftheworld.
Underbridgednetworking,avirtualmachineappearsasanadditionalcomputer
onthesamephysicalEthernetnetworkasthehost.Seealsohostonlynetworking.
C clone
Aduplicatecopyofavirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone,linkedclone.
CloneVirtualMachinewizard
Apointandclickinterfaceforconvenient,easyduplicationofavirtualmachine
withinVMwareWorkstation.Seealsofullclone,linkedclone.
configuration
Seevirtualmachineconfigurationfile.
customnetworking
Anytypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenvirtualmachinesandthehostthatdoes
notusethedefaultbridged,hostonly,ornetworkaddresstranslation(NAT)
networkingconfigurations.Forinstance,differentvirtualmachinescanbe
connectedtothehostbyseparatenetworksorconnectedtoeachotherandnotto
thehost.Anynetworktopologyispossible.
Glossary
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DE diskmode
Apropertyofavirtualdiskthatdefinesitsexternalbehavior(howthe
virtualizationlayertreatsitsdata)butiscompletelyinvisibletotheguestoperating
system.Availablemodesvarybyproductandincludepersistentmode(changesto
thediskarealwayspreservedacrosssessions),nonpersistentmode(changesare
neverpreserved),undoablemode(changesarepreservedattheusersdiscretion),
andappendmode(similartoundoable,butthechangesarepreserveduntila
systemadministratordeletestheredologfile).
draganddrop
WiththedraganddropfeatureofWorkstation,youcanmovefileseasilybetween
aWindowsorLinuxhostandaWindows,Linux,orSolarisvirtualmachine.You
candraganddropindividualfilesorentiredirectories.
F Favoriteslist
AlistintheleftpanelofthemainWorkstationscreenthatshowsthenamesof
virtualmachinesthatauserhasaddedtothelist.TheFavoriteslistmakesiteasy
tolaunchavirtualmachineortoconnecttothevirtualmachinesconfigurationfile
inordertomakechangesinthevirtualmachinesettings.
fullclone
Acompletecopyoftheoriginalvirtualmachineplusallassociatedvirtualdisks.
Seealsolinkedclone.
fullscreenmode
Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen.See
alsofullscreenswitchmode.
fullscreenswitchmode
Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillstheentirescreen,and
theuserhasnoaccesstotheVMwareWorkstationuserinterface.Theusercannot
create,reconfigure,orlaunchvirtualmachines.Asystemadministratorperforms
thesefunctions.Seealsofullscreenmode.
G GotoSnapshotcommand
TheGotoSnapshotcommandallowsyoutorestoreanysnapshotoftheactive
virtualmachine.Seealsoreverttosnapshot.
guestoperatingsystem
Anoperatingsystemthatrunsinsideavirtualmachine.Seealsohostoperating
systemonpage 447.
VMware, Inc. 447
Glossary
HK headless
Describesaprogramthatrunsinthebackgroundwithoutanyinterfaceconnected
toit.Arunningvirtualmachinethathasnoconsoleconnectionsisrunning
headless.
hostonlynetworking
Atypeofnetworkconnectionbetweenavirtualmachineandthehost.Under
hostonlynetworking,avirtualmachineisconnectedtothehostonaprivate
network,whichnormallyisnotvisibleoutsidethehost.Multiplevirtualmachines
configuredwithhostonlynetworkingonthesamehostareonthesamenetwork.
Seealsobridgednetworking,customnetworking,networkaddresstranslation
(NAT).
hostmachine
ThephysicalcomputeronwhichtheVMwareWorkstationsoftwareisinstalled.It
hoststheVMwareWorkstationvirtualmachines.
hostoperatingsystem
Anoperatingsystemthatrunsonthehostmachine.Seealsoguestoperating
system.
independentdisk
Atypeofvirtualdiskthatisnotaffectedbysnapshots.Youcanconfigure
independentdisksinpersistentandnonpersistentmodes.Seealsononpersistent
mode,persistentmode,snapshot.
LM LANsegment
Aprivatevirtualnetworkthatisavailableonlytovirtualmachineswithinthesame
team.Seealsovirtualnetwork,team.
linkedclone
Acopyoftheoriginalvirtualmachinethatsharesthevirtualdiskswiththe
originalvirtualmachineinanongoingmanner.Seealsofullclone.
lockout
Seeadministrativelockout.
NO networkaddresstranslation(NAT)
Atypeofnetworkconnectionthatallowsyoutoconnectyourvirtualmachinesto
anexternalnetworkwhenyouhaveonlyoneIPnetworkaddress,andthataddress
isusedbythehostcomputer.IfyouuseNAT,yourvirtualmachinedoesnothave
itsownIPaddressontheexternalnetwork.Instead,aseparateprivatenetworkis
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setuponthehostcomputer.Yourvirtualmachinegetsanaddressonthatnetwork
fromtheVMwarevirtualDHCPserver.TheVMwareNATdevicepassesnetwork
databetweenoneormorevirtualmachinesandtheexternalnetwork.Itidentifies
incomingdatapacketsintendedforeachvirtualmachineandsendsthemtothe
correctdestination.
NewVirtualMachinewizard
Apointandclickinterfaceforconvenient,easycreationofavirtualmachine
configuration.Itcreatesfilesthatdefinethevirtualmachine,includingavirtual
machineconfigurationfileand(optionally)avirtualdiskorphysicaldiskfile.See
alsovirtualmachinesettingseditor.
NIC(networkinterfacecard)
Anexpansionboardthatprovidesadedicatedconnectionbetweenacomputer
andanetwork.Alsocalledanetworkadapter.
nonpersistentmode
Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual
machineappeartobewrittentotheindependentdiskbutareinfactdiscarded
afterthevirtualmachineispoweredoff.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldisk
inindependentnonpersistentmodeisnotmodifiedbyactivityinthevirtual
machine.Seealsodiskmode,persistentmode.
P parent
Thesourceororiginalvirtualmachinefromwhichyoutakeasnapshotormake
aclone.Afullclonehasnocontinuedlinktoitsparent,butalinkedcloneanda
snapshoteachdependontheparentinanongoingmanner.Ifyoudeletetheparent
virtualmachine,anylinkedcloneorsnapshotbecomespermanentlydisabled.To
preventdeletion,youcancreateatemplatevirtualmachine.Seealsofullclone,
linkedclone,snapshot,template.
persistentmode
Adiskmodeinwhichalldiskwritesissuedbysoftwarerunninginsideavirtual
machineareimmediatelyandpermanentlywrittentoavirtualdiskthathasbeen
configuredasanindependentdisk.Asaresult,avirtualdiskorphysicaldiskin
independentpersistentmodebehaveslikeaconventionaldiskdriveonaphysical
computer.Seealsodiskmode,nonpersistentmode.
physicaldisk
Aharddiskinavirtualmachinethatismappedtoaphysicaldiskdriveora
partitionofadriveonthehostmachine.Aphysicaldiskisalsoreferredtoasaraw
disk.Avirtualmachinesdiskcanbestoredasafileonthehostfilesystemorona
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Glossary
localharddisk.Whenavirtualmachineisconfiguredtouseaphysicaldisk,
VMwareWorkstationdirectlyaccessesthelocaldiskorpartitionasaphysical
device(notasafileonafilesystem).Itispossibletobootapreviouslyinstalled
operatingsystemonanexistingpartitionwithinavirtualmachineenvironment.
TheonlylimitationisthattheexistingpartitionmustresideonalocalIDEorSCSI
drive.Seealsovirtualdisk.
Q quickswitchmode
Adisplaymodeinwhichthevirtualmachinesdisplayfillsmostofthescreen.In
thismode,tabsatthetopofthescreenallowyoutoswitchquicklyfromone
runningvirtualmachinetoanother.Seealsofullscreenmode.
R rawdisk
Seephysicaldisk.
record/replayfeature
ThisfeatureletsyourecordallofaWorkstation5or6virtualmachinesactivity
overaperiodoftime.UnlikeWorkstationsmoviecapturefeature,the
record/replayfeatureletsyouexactlyduplicatetheoperationsandstateofthe
virtualmachinethroughoutthetimeoftherecording.
redolog
Thefilethatstoreschangesmadetoadiskinallmodesexceptthepersistentand
independentpersistentmodes.Foradiskinnonpersistentmode,theredologfile
isdeletedwhenyoupowerofforresetthevirtualmachinewithoutwritingany
changestothedisk.Youcanpermanentlyapplythechangessavedintheredolog
toadiskinundoablemodesothattheybecomepartofthemaindiskfiles.Seealso
diskmode.
resume
Returnavirtualmachinetooperationfromitssuspendedstate.Whenyouresume
asuspendedvirtualmachine,allapplicationsareinthesamestatetheywerewhen
thevirtualmachinewassuspended.Seealsosuspend.
reverttosnapshot
Revertingtoasnapshotrestoresthestatusoftheactivevirtualmachinetoits
immediateparentsnapshot.Thisparentisrepresentedinthesnapshotmanagerby
thesnapshotappearingtotheimmediateleftoftheYouAreHereicon.SeealsoGo
toSnapshotcommand,snapshotmanager,YouAreHere(icon).
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S sharedfolder
Asharedfolderisafolderonthehostcomputeroronanetworkdriveaccessible
fromthehostcomputerthatcanbeusedbyboththehostcomputerandoneor
morevirtualmachines.Itprovidesasimplewayofsharingfilesbetweenhostand
guestoramongvirtualmachines.InaWindowsvirtualmachine,sharedfolders
appearasfoldersonadesignateddriveletter.InaLinuxorSolarisvirtualmachine,
sharedfoldersappearunderaspecifiedmountpoint.
snapshot
Asnapshotpreservesthevirtualmachinejustasitwaswhenyoutookthat
snapshot.Thisincludeswhetherthevirtualmachinewaspoweredon,powered
off,orsuspended.Ifthevirtualharddisksarenotsettoindependentmode,a
snapshotalsoincludesthestateofthedataonallthevirtualmachinesdisks.
Workstationletsyoutakesnapshotsofavirtualmachineatanytimeandrevertto
thatsnapshotatanytime.Youcantakeasnapshotwhenavirtualmachineis
poweredon,poweredoff,orsuspended.Seealsoindependentdisk.
snapshotmanager
Thesnapshotmanagerisawindowthatallowsyoutotakeactionsonanyofthe
snapshotsandrecordingsassociatedwiththeselectedvirtualmachine.Seealso
record/replayfeature,snapshot.
suspend
Savesthecurrentstateofarunningvirtualmachine.Toreturnasuspendedvirtual
machinetooperation,youusetheresumefeature.Seealsoresume.
TU team
Agroupofvirtualmachinesthatareconfiguredtooperateasoneobject.Youcan
poweron,poweroff,andsuspendateamwithonecommand.Youcanconfigure
ateamtocommunicateindependentlyofanyothervirtualorrealnetworkby
settingupaLANsegment.SeealsoLANsegment,virtualnetwork.
template
Avirtualmachinethatcannotbedeletedoraddedtoateam.Settingavirtual
machineasatemplateprotectsanylinkedcloneorsnapshotsfrombeingdisabled
inadvertently.Seealsolinkedclone,parent,snapshot.
undoablemode
InVMwareESXServer2.x,adiskmodeinwhichallwriteoperationsissuedby
softwarerunninginsidethevirtualmachinesappeartobewrittentothediskbut
areinfactstoredinatemporaryfile(.REDO)forthedurationofthesession.When
thevirtualmachineispoweredoff,theuserhasthreechoices:permanentlyapply
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Glossary
allchangestothedisk;discardthechanges,thusrestoringthedisktoitsprevious
state;orkeepthechanges,sothatfurtherchangesfromfuturesessionscanbe
addedtothelog.Seealsodiskmode.
VX virtualdisk
Afileorsetoffilesappearingasaphysicaldiskdrivetoaguestoperatingsystem.
Thesefilescanbeonthehostmachineoronaremotefilesystem.Whenyou
configureavirtualmachinewithavirtualdisk,youcaninstallanewoperating
systemintothediskfilewithouttheneedtorepartitionaphysicaldiskorreboot
thehost.Seealsophysicaldisk.
virtualhardware
Thedevicesthatmakeupavirtualmachine.Thevirtualhardwareincludesthe
virtualdisk,removabledevicessuchastheDVDROM/CDROMandfloppy
drives,andthevirtualEthernetadapter.Youconfigurethesedeviceswiththe
virtualmachinesettingseditor.Seealsovirtualmachinesettingseditor.
virtualmachine
Avirtualizedx86compatiblePCenvironmentinwhichaguestoperatingsystem
andassociatedapplicationsoftwarecanrun.Multiplevirtualmachinescan
operateonthesamehostmachineconcurrently.
virtualmachineconfiguration
Thespecificationofwhatvirtualdevices(disks,memorysize,etc.)arepresentina
virtualmachineandhowtheyaremappedtohostfilesanddevices.
virtualmachineconfigurationfile
Afilecontainingavirtualmachineconfiguration.ItiscreatedbytheNewVirtual
Machinewizard.ItisusedbyVMwareWorkstationtoidentifyandrunaspecific
virtualmachine.
virtualmachinesettingseditor
Apointandclickeditorusedtoviewandmodifythesettingsofavirtualmachine
afteritsinitialcreation.SeealsoNewVirtualMachinewizard.
virtualnetwork
Anetworkbetweenvirtualmachineswithnodependenceonrealworldhardware
connections.Forexample,youcancreateavirtualnetworkbetweenavirtual
machineandahostthathasnoexternalnetworkconnections.Youcanalsocreate
aLANsegmentforcommunicationsbetweenvirtualmachinesonateam.Seealso
LANsegment,team.
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virtualnetworkeditor
Apointandclickeditorusedtoviewandmodifythenetworkingsettingsforthe
virtualnetworkscreatedbyVMwareWorkstation.
VMwarePlayer
FreesoftwarethatenablesPCuserstoeasilyrunanyvirtualmachineona
WindowsorLinuxPC.VMwarePlayerrunsvirtualmachinescreatedbyVMware
Workstation,VMwareServer,orESXServerandalsosupportsMicrosoftvirtual
machinesandSymantecBackupExecSystemRecoverydiskformats.
VMwareTools
Asuiteofutilitiesanddriversthatenhancestheperformanceandfunctionalityof
yourguestoperatingsystem.KeyfeaturesofVMwareToolsincludesomeorallof
thefollowing,dependingonyourguestoperatingsystem:anSVGAdriver,a
mousedriver,theVMwareToolscontrolpanelandsupportforsuchfeaturesas
sharedfolders,draganddrop,shrinkingvirtualdisks,timesynchronizationwith
thehost,VMwareToolsscripts,andconnectinganddisconnectingdeviceswhile
thevirtualmachineisrunning.Seealsodraganddrop,sharedfolder.
YZ YouAreHere(icon)
Aspecialiconappearinginthesnapshotmanagerthatindicatesthecurrentstatus
oftheactivevirtualmachine.Thiscanbeimportantwhendecidingwhetherto
revertto,orgotoasnapshot.Seealsosnapshotmanager,reverttosnapshot,Goto
Snapshotcommand.
VMware, Inc. 453 VMware, Inc. 453
Index
Numerics
3D support 322
A
About tab
VMware Tools 139
VMware Workstation 50
ACPI 405
ACPI S1 sleep feature 405
adapter
host virtual adapters 289
in promiscuous mode on a Linux
host 305
virtual Ethernet 284
address
assigning IP 293
assigning MAC manually 297
IP in virtual machine 92
IP on virtual network 291
MAC 296
network address translation 306
using DHCP to assign 291
administrative lockout 391
AMD Athlon 64 processor 32, 45
AMD Opteron processor 32, 45
AMD Sempron processor 32, 45
AMD Turion 64 processor 32
AMD Turion processor 45
appliance view for virtual machines 170
assign
IP address 291
network port number in NAT 313
Athlon 64 processor 32, 45
attaching to a process
for debugging 426, 443
audio 41, 327
AudioPCI 327
autofit 165
automatic bridging 285
B
background, running virtual machines
in 25, 86, 243
bandwidth
controlling, in team networks 256
LAN segment 270
battery information, reporting in
guest 160
BIOS
file in virtual machine 110
provided in virtual machine 38
.bmp files for screen captures 183
bridged networking
configuring options 285
defined 445
browser
and appliance views 170
configuring on Linux host 53
BSD
supported 32-bit guest operating
systems 44
supported 64-bit guest operating
systems 44
BT/KT-958 drivers 93
BusLogic 39, 93, 359, 366
Workstation Users Manual
454 VMware, Inc.
C
capacity, disk 198, 211
capture
screenshot 183
snapshot of virtual machine 227
virtual machine activity 239
CD
adding drive to virtual machine 213
CD-ROM image file 39
.cfg file 112
change
team name 259
virtual machine name 78
Change Version wizard 62
changing the JVM path 422
clock
real-time on Linux host 53
synchronize guest and host 136
clone
creating clone in New Team
wizard 257, 262
creating in Clone Virtual Machine
wizard 249
enable template mode 253
full 248
full clone of linked clone 251
full clones and snapshots 249
IP address 251
linked 248
linked clone of linked clone 251
MAC address 251
MAC address and UUID 247
moving linked clones 193
network identity 251
overview 247
snapshot (for linked clone) 252
snapshot of linked clone 252
static IP address 251
virtual machine in a team 271
clone template 253
color
display on VNC clients 185
screen, in a virtual machine 321
comm port
See serial connection, serial port
command-line interface
for VMware Tools 146
for Workstation 407
vmrun 409
commands
keyboard shortcuts 87
startup, on the command line 407
startup, on Windows hosts 409
configuration pages 437
configuration properties
setting post-debug event
properties 441
setting pre-debug event
properties 441
setting virtual machine
properties 440
configurations
creating 437
creating to attach to
applications 424
creating to start applications 422
deleting 425
duplicating to attach to
applications 424
duplicating to start applications 422
editing to attach to applications 424
editing to start applications 422
managing 421, 437
removing 438
renaming 438
connect
CD/DVDs and floppies to ISO
images 215
USB devices 355
VMware, Inc. 455
Index
Converter Import wizard 100, 107, 108
converting virtual machines 24, 100
copy virtual machine 192
copyright information for
Workstation 139
CPU
host requirement 32
provided in virtual machine 38
Creative Labs 41, 327
Ctrl+Alt 344
D
DDNS 299
debugging
attaching to processes in a virtual
machine 426, 443
starting applications in virtual ma-
chine without 426
starting in a virtual machine 425,
442
default scripts for VMware Tools 138
defragmenting virtual disks 201
defragmenting virtual disks, before
shrinking 202
deleting
configurations 425
recordings of virtual machine
activity 246
snapshots 235
virtual machines 156
destinations for imported virtual
machines 105
device drivers
for generic SCSI devices 365
for USB support 356
VMware Tools 114
devices
adding a generic SCSI device 361,
362
adding, configuring, removing 181
connecting and disconnecting 137,
182
disconnecting from USB
controller 358
generic SCSI device, adding 366
in virtual machine 181
processor 38
USB 353
Devices tab
in Preferences dialog box 83
VMware Tools 137
DHCP
assigning IP addresses on a virtual
network 291
changing settings 287
configuring on a Linux host 292
configuring on a Windows host 292
DHCPD 298
lease 288
on a virtual network with NAT 307
server 275, 288
server on virtual network 279, 280
stopping 304
dial-up connection 295
direct memory access 383
directories
mounting shared, on Linux 178
viewing shared, on Solaris
guests 177
viewing shared, on Windows
guests 177
disable
acceleration 168
copying and pasting text and
files 172
drag-and-drop of files and
folders 172
folder sharing 174
interface features 391
Workstation Users Manual
456 VMware, Inc.
disk
See also virtual disk
DMA and performance 382, 383
IDE drive supported in host 33
IDE drives in virtual machine 39
IDE optical drive supported in
host 33
independent 232
performance 376, 377
SCSI drive supported in host 33
SCSI optical drive supported in
host 33
size 198, 211
space required on host
computer 33
.vmdk virtual disk file 110, 111
disk caching 371
display
color depth 321
fitting window to virtual
machine 165
full screen 158
multiple monitor 162
switching virtual machines 159
Display tab in preferences editor 165
DMA, and disk performance 382
DMZ 256
DNS 307
downgrading virtual machines 25, 61
drag and drop 171, 446
dragging and dropping files between host
and guest 171
drive supported in host 33
driver
SCSI 360
sound 327
drives
See also disk
tape 359, 365
.dsk file 110
dual-boot computers and virtual
machines 222
dual-monitor display 162
DVD
adding drive to virtual machine 213
optical, supported 33
dynamic domain name service 299
E
Eclipse
installing the Workstation plug-in
for 49
integrated debugger for 23, 169
education services 19
EHCI controller 40
EM64T processor 32, 45
enhanced virtual keyboard 343
Ethernet adapter
adding to virtual machine 284
for teams 268
promiscuous mode on a Linux
host 305
virtual network adapters 276
Ethernet switches 41
F
Favorites list
and teams 263
creating folders in 77
defined 446
hiding 157
overview 75
pictured 75
removing virtual machines from 77
files
BIOS in virtual machine 110
redo log 111
Samba and file sharing on a Linux
host 318
VMware, Inc. 457
Index
sharing among virtual machines and
host 171
snapshot 111
suspended state 111
used by a virtual machine 110
used by snapshot 111
virtual machine 152
firewall 314
fit
guest 166
window 166
window to virtual machine 165
floppy
drives in virtual machine 39
image file 39, 216
floppy drive
adding to virtual machine 214
folders
in the Favorites list 77
shared, See shared folder
for displaying Workstation help 35
for playing back virtual machine
recordings 245
FreeBSD
supported 32-bit guest operating
systems 44
supported 64-bit guest operating
systems 44
VMware Tools for 130
FTP 308
full screen mode
defined 446
using 158
full screen switch mode 395
log file 404
G
gated host network 297
global configuration file 397
graphics
See also display
support in virtual machine 39, 321
guest
autofit 165
defined 22
fit 166
guest operating system
defined 446
installing 97
support for 64-bit 45
supported 41
supported FreeBSD 32-bit 44
supported FreeBSD 64-bit 44
supported Linux 32-bit 43
supported Linux 64-bit 43
supported MS-DOS 42
supported Solaris 32-bit 44
supported Solaris 64-bit 44
upgrades 99
Windows 32-bit 42
Windows 64-bit 42
GUID Partition Table (GPT) disks 104
H
Hardware tab in virtual machine settings
editor 83
headless virtual machines (run in the
background) 25, 86, 243
help
configuring Web browser for 53
host
defined 22
hard disk space required 33
operating system, defined 447
optical drives supported 33
system requirements 32
host computer 447
host virtual adapters 289
Workstation Users Manual
458 VMware, Inc.
host virtual network mapping 286, 287
host-only networking
basic configuration 279
defined 447
selecting IP addresses 291
hot keys
for full screen switch mode 398,
399, 400
in Workstation preferences 344
Hot Keys tab 82
I
ICMP 308
IDE
drive supported in host 33
drives in virtual machine 39
optical drive supported in host 33
IDE (integrated development
environment) plug-ins 23, 169
IDESCSI, setting up virtual disk as 199
image file
floppy 39, 216
ISO 39, 213, 215
importing virtual machines 24, 100, 102
independent disk 232
install
guest operating system 97
on Linux host 53
on Windows host 48
silent 51, 122
software in a virtual machine 168
VMware Tools 115
integrated virtual debuggers 23, 169
Intel EM64T processor 32, 45
Iomega
parallel port zip drives 334
IP address
assigning 293
clone 251
in virtual machine 92
static 292
IP forwarding 295
IP packet forwarding
disabling 294
ISO image file 39, 213, 215
J
JVM
automatically selected 422
changing the path 422
K
kbps, for LAN segment 270
kernel
paravirtual, support for 386
upgrades, and Workstation 55
key code mapping 348
keyboard
enhanced virtual, on Windows 343
language keymaps for VNC
clients 345
mapping on a Linux host 346
shortcuts 87
USB 359
keysym
defined 347
mapping 349
knowledge base, VMware 16
KT-958 93
L
LAN segment
and teams 266
changing name 269
deleting 270
setting bandwidth 270
setting Kbps 270
setting packet loss 270
VMware, Inc. 459
Index
launch configurations 421
creating to attach to
applications 424
creating to start applications 422
duplicating to attach to
applications 424
duplicating to start applications 422
editing to attach to applications 424
editing to start applications 422
leak
IP packets in a virtual machine 295
IP packets in host-only network 293
licensing, serial number and 50
linked clone
moving 193
parent 252
parent as template 252
Linux
installing on Linux host 53
supported 32-bit guest operating
systems 43
supported 64-bit guest operating
systems 43
supported host operating
systems 35, 37
uninstalling Workstation on Linux
host 56
upgrading on Linux host 60
VMware Tools for 125
LiveState system image, importing 100
location of virtual machine files 91, 152
lock files 198
lockout
for some interface features 391
Workstation preference 82
.log file 110
log files 404
lSI Logic 39, 93, 359, 366
M
MAC address
and clones 247
assigning manually 297
clone 251
of virtual Ethernet adapter 296
map
key code 348
keyboard 346
keysym 349
mapped drives, for virtual disks 180
master boot record (MBR) disks 104
memory
amount required on host 33
available in virtual machine 39
more than 1GB on a Linux host 370
setting size 374
swapping, to disk 376
virtual machine memory size 374
memory trimming 376
MIDI 327
migrate
virtual disks to the latest
version 119
virtual machine 61, 193
mode
full screen 158, 446
quick switch 159, 449
modifier keys 398
monitors
specifying the number of 162
using multiple 162
mouse
driver, installed by VMware
Tools 114
USB 359
movie capture 183
moving a virtual machine 190
MP3 327
Workstation Users Manual
460 VMware, Inc.
MS-DOS 42
multiple monitors, using 162
Mylex 39, 93, 359, 366
N
name
changing team name 259
changing virtual machine name 78
named pipe 336, 338, 339, 342
NAT
advanced configuration 309
and DHCP 307
and DNS 307
and the host computer 307
defined 447
external access from a NAT
network 308
on virtual network 278, 306
port forwarding 313, 314, 318
sample configuration file for Linux
host 317
selecting IP addresses 291
specifying connection from port be-
low 1024 310
when creating a virtual machine 92
NAT.conf 311, 317
NetLogon 314
NetWare, Novell 44, 132, 139
network
adding and modifying virtual Ether-
net adapters 284
automatic bridging 285
bridged networking 445
changing DHCP settings 287
changing subnet settings 287
changing the configuration 284
components 275
configuring bridged networking
options 285
custom networking 445
DHCP 291
DHCP server 275
dial-up connection 295
dynamic domain name service 299
hardware address 296
host virtual network mapping 286,
287
host-only 279, 447
host-only subnet 291
identity, clone 251
IP forwarding 295
IP packet leaks 293, 295
locking out access to settings 391
MAC address 296
NAT 278, 306, 447
NAT as firewall 314
NAT subnet 291
overview of virtual network
options 274
packet filtering 295
promiscuous mode on a Linux
host 305
routing between two host-only
networks 304
Samba 318
second bridged network on a Linux
host 299
switch 275
token ring 278
two host-only networks 300
virtual DHCP server 279, 280
virtual Ethernet adapter 276
virtual network editor 285, 289,
292, 452
virtual switch 275
virtualizing in a team 256
network address translation
See NAT
New Virtual Machine wizard 79, 95,
197, 448
VMware, Inc. 461
Index
NFS ports 310
Novell NetWare
supported guest operating
systems 44
VMware Tools for 132
Novell Open Enterprise Server
supported guest operating
systems 44
NVRAM 110
O
Open Enterprise Server 44
operating system
32-bit Windows host 34
64-bit Windows host 35
FreeBSD 32-bit guest 44
FreeBSD 64-bit guest 44
guest 446
host, defined 447
installing guest 97
Linux 32-bit guest 43
Linux 32-bit host 35
Linux 64-bit guest 43
Linux 64-bit host 37
MS-DOS guest 42
Solaris 32-bit guest 44
Solaris 64-bit guest 44
support for 64-bit guest 45
Windows 32-bit guest 42
Windows 64-bit 42
Opteron processor 32, 45
optical drive supported in host 33
Options tab
virtual machine settings editor 84
VMware Tools 136
P
P2V (physical-to-virtual) conversion 24,
100
packet
filtering 295
leaks 293, 295
packet loss, configuring, for LAN
segments 270
page sharing 377
parallel ports
and Iomega zip drives 334
and the Linux kernel 331
configuring on a Linux host 330
in a virtual machine 329
installing in virtual machines 329
paravirtualized kernels in Linux
guests 386
parent
clone template 252
linked clone 252
snapshot 228
passwords
and administrative lockout 391
removing forgotten password 392
performance
CD-ROM drive polling 373
debugging mode 380
disk options 382
DMA and disks 382, 383
guest operating system
selection 379
memory usage 374
process scheduling on a Windows
host 373
remote disk access 377
using the Windows Performance
console 388
performance monitoring 388
Workstation Users Manual
462 VMware, Inc.
physical disk
adding physical disks 207
capacity 200
defined 448
storing virtual disks on 200
using in a virtual machine 200
ping 308
pipe, named 336, 338, 339, 342
plug-ins, IDE 23, 169
.png files for screen captures 183
port
TCP and UDP below 1024 310
VNC 185
port forwarding 313, 314, 318
Power menu
disable functions 392
using, for teams 266
power off
snapshot options 238
team 264
Power Off button 154
power on
a virtual machine 150
team 264
Powered On list 78
preferences
display 165
hot keys 344
setting, for Workstation 81
workspace 82
processor
host requirement 32
provided in virtual machine 38
supported for 64-bit guest 32, 45
promiscuous mode 305
properties
setting post-debug event 441
setting pre-debug event 441
setting virtual machine 440
Q
quick switch mode 159, 449
quiet mode, install VMware Tools 122
R
RAM
amount required on host 33
available in virtual machine 39
raw disk
See physical disk
Real Media 327
real-time clock requirement on Linux
host 53
record/replay feature 239, 242
.REDO file 111
redo-log file 111
registration 17
remote connections to a virtual
machine 184
RemoteDisplay.vnc.keyMap
property 345
removing
a virtual disk 206
devices from a virtual machine 182
Workstation 2 or 3 58
repairing VMware Tools installations 133
Replay Last Recording button 242
Replay toolbar 243
reporting problems to VMware 17
Reset button 155
resizing
Linux guests 166
Solaris guests 167
restricted user interface 392
resume
defined 449
team 265
virtual machine 225
reverting to snapshot 236, 237
VMware, Inc. 463
Index
routing
between host-only networks 304
host only 297
RPM installer for VMware
Workstation 54
S
Samba
and file sharing on a Linux host 318
modifying configuration for
Workstation 318
on both bridged and host-only
networks 319
scan code 346
scanner 359
screen colors
for VNC clients 185
setting, for virtual machines 321
screen modes
full screen 158
quick switch 159
screen resolution 167
screenshot capture 183
scripts
enabling, disabling, and
running 137, 141
running during power state
changes 141
Scripts tab
VMware Tools 137
SCSI 33
adding a generic SCSI device 361,
362, 366
avoiding concurrent access on a
Linux host 365
connecting to generic 359
devices in virtual machine 39
driver for Windows NT guest 360
driver for Windows Server 2003
guest 360
driver for Windows XP guest 360
drivers 93, 359, 366
generic SCSI on a Linux host 365
generic SCSI on a Windows
host 359
permissions for a generic SCSI de-
vice on a Linux host 365
setting up virtual disk as 199
Sempron processor 32, 45
serial connection
between host application and virtual
machine 336
between two virtual machines 337
to a serial port on the host 335
serial number 80
for Workstation 50
serial port, installing and using 335
server
DHCP 275, 292, 307, 315
DNS 299, 307, 310
WINS 308
settings editor, virtual machine 181, 451
share
drag and drop 446
files on a Linux host with
Samba 318
shared folder
defined 450
enable and disable 174
mounting, on Linux 178
on Linux and Solaris guests 177
permissions on Linux 178
using 173
viewing 177
Shared Folders tab
VMware Tools 139
sharing virtual machines 193
shortcut, desktop, for Workstation 50
shortcuts, keyboard 87, 245
Workstation Users Manual
464 VMware, Inc.
shrink
virtual disks 139, 153, 202, 203
virtual disks in Netware 140
Shrink tab, VMware Tools 139
shrinking virtual disks
See virtual disk, shrinking
Sidebar panel 75
silent install 122
size
disk 198, 211
virtual disk 39
virtual machine window 165
sleep, ACPI 405
SMP
See virtual SMP
snapshot
and Workstation 4 virtual
machines 239
as background activity 231
defined 450
disabling 237
disabling menu functions 392
excluding virtual disks from 232
files 111
full clones 249
linear process 227
linked clone 252
of linked clone 252
parent 228
power-off options 238
process tree 228
restoring 236
reverting to 236
reverting to at power off 237
taking 235
team 271
understanding 227
using 227
snapshot manager 233
Solaris
resizing guests 167
supported 32-bit guest operating
systems 44
supported 64-bit guest operating
systems 44
VMware Tools for 129
sound
configuring 327
drivers for Windows 9x and NT
guests 327
Sound Blaster 327
support in guest 41
.spf file, importing 100
starting
applications in a virtual machine
without debugging 426
debugging session in a virtual
machine 425, 442
session in a virtual machine without
debugging 442
starting Workstation 66
static IP addresses
clone 251
range of 307
status bar
hide 157
.std file 111
StorageCraft images, importing 100
subnet
changing settings 287
in NAT configuration 291
on host-only network 291
Sun Solaris
supported 32-bit guest operating
systems 44
supported 64-bit guest operating
systems 44
support scripts, running 17
VMware, Inc. 465
Index
suspend
defined 450
files 111
team 265
virtual machine 225
.sv2i file, importing 100
switch
virtual network 275
workspaces in Linux guest 344
symmetric multiprocessing
See virtual SMP
system requirements 32
display 33
memory 33
PC hardware 32
T
tabs
hide 157
in Preferences dialog box 82
in VMware Tools control panel 135
virtual machine 67
Take Recording dialog box 243
tape drive 359, 365
.tar file 128
tar installer for VMware Workstation 54
team
adding virtual machine to 262
and Favorites list 263
and LAN segments 266
cloning virtual machine from 271
closing 258
creating clone in New Team
wizard 257, 262
deleting 259
Ethernet adapters for 268
name change 259
network 256
new 257
no clone template 253
opening 258
overview 255
power off 264
powering on 264
removing virtual machine from 263
resume 265
snapshot 271
suspend 265
technical support resources 16
Telnet 308
template mode for clones 252, 253
3D support 322
time, synchronizing, between guest and
host 136
token ring 278
toolbar
customizing 74
hide 157, 392
tools
See VMware Tools
training courses 19
Turion 64 processor 32
Turion processor 45
U
UHCI controller 40
uninstalling
host virtual adapters 289
VMware Tools 134
Workstation on Linux host 56
Workstation on Windows host 52
updates, checking for Workstation 78
upgrade
guest operating systems 99
Linux kernel, reconfiguring Worksta-
tion after upgrade 55
on Linux host 60
on Windows host 59
Workstation Users Manual
466 VMware, Inc.
on Windows Vista host 59
removing snapshots before virtual
machine upgrades 57
virtual disks 119
virtual machines 25, 61, 63
VMware Tools 116
VMware Workstation 57
USB
connecting devices 355
control of devices by host and
guest 357
controller, enabling and
disabling 354
devices in a virtual machine 353
disconnecting devices 358
keyboard and mouse 359
on a Linux host 357
on a Windows host 356
port specifications 40
supported device types 354
user groups, accessing 16
user interface
overview 66
restricted 392
UUID 187
and clones 247
format 187
location 187
specifying 189
V
version information for Workstation 139
version, changing virtual machine 25,
61
VGA 167
virtual adapter
host virtual adapters 289
virtual disk
See also disk
adding to virtual machine 204, 206
allocating disk space 94
defined 198, 451
defragmenting 201
defragmenting before shrinking 202
IDE, size 39
legacy 222
mapping drives to 180
migrating 119
setting up as IDE or SCSI 199
shrinking 139, 153, 202, 203
shrinking in Netware 140
shrinking with Virtual Disk Manager
size 39
storing on physical disks 200
using in a new virtual machine 90
Virtual Disk Manager 216
.vmdk file 110, 111
Virtual Disk Manager 216
virtual hardware
CPU issues 108
disk device issues 108
ethernet adapter issues 108
graphics card issues 108
virtual keyboard 343
virtual machine 83
adding a virtual disk 204, 206
adding floppy drive 214
adding or modifying an Ethernet
adapter 284
adding physical disk 207
adding to team 262
and SMP 367
cloning from team 271
constituent files 110
converting 24, 100
creating 89, 113
VMware, Inc. 467
Index
creating a clone 249
default location of 91
defined 451
delete 156
files 152
IDE drives in
installing software in 168
migrating 193
moving 187, 190
moving SMP virtual machines 368
name change 78
platform specifications 38
portability 198
power off vs. shut down 154
recording activity of 242
removing from Favorites list 77
removing from team 263
reset vs. restart 155
resuming 225
running in the background 25, 86,
243
settings 83
shutting down 154
starting 150
starting in full screen mode 402
suspending 225
upgrade or downgrade 25, 61
upgrading 61
upgrading procedure 63
using snapshots 227
window size 165
virtual machine settings editor
defined 451
restricting access 391, 392
using 181
virtual network editor 452
Virtual PC, importing 100, 109
virtual SMP
moving SMP virtual machines 368
using 367
virtual switch 275
virtual Symmetric Multiprocessing
See virtual SMP
VirtualCenter
and Virtual Disk Manager 217
Visual Studio
installing the Workstation plug-in
for 49
Visual Studio, integrated debugger
for 23, 169
VIX API 24
.vmc file, importing 100
.vmdk file 110, 111
.vmem file 111
VMI (Virtual Machine Interface) enabled
kernels 386
VMnet1 299
VMnet8 306
vmrun 409
.vmsd file 111
.vmsn file 111
.vmss file 111
.vmtm file 111
VMware community forums 16
vmware-config.pl 54
VMware Converter 24, 100, 102
VMware Player
running 194
sharing virtual machines with 194
VMware Tools
About tab 139
automated install 122
command-line interface 146
configuring 134
configuring in a Netware virtual
machine 139
Workstation Users Manual
468 VMware, Inc.
control panel 115, 135
defined 452
device drivers 114
Devices tab 137
displaying, in taskbar 153
for FreeBSD guests 130
for Linux guests 125
for NetWare guests 132
for Solaris guests 129
for Windows guests 118
installing 115
installing from the command line
with the RPM installer 127
installing from the command line
with the tar installer 127
Options tab 136
running 152
running scripts during power state
changes 141
Scripts tab 137
Shared Folders tab 139
Shrink tab 139
silent install 122
starting automatically in Windows
guest 152
starting in Linux, Solaris, or
FreeBSD 153
uninstalling or modifying
installation 134
updating 116
using from command line 139
VMware Tools service 146
VMware user process 115
vmwtool commands 139
VMware Tools service
executing commands on halt or
reboot 143
overview of 113
passing strings from the host 143
VMware Tools 146
VMware Tools update option 116
VMware user process, in VMware
Tools 115
vmware-user, starting manually 133
VMware-config.pl file 54
vmware-fullscreen log file 404
vmwtool 139
.vmx file 112
.vmxf file 112
VNC
setting a keyboard map for 345
setting a virtual machine to act as a
VNC server 184
v-scan code
defined 347
table of codes 349
W
.wav file 327
window
autofit 165
fit 166
window size 165, 167
Windows
32-bit guest operating systems 42
64-bit guest operating systems 42
uninstalling on Windows host 52
upgrading on Windows host 59
upgrading to Windows Vista 59
VMware Tools for 118
Windows 95 sound driver 327
Windows 98 sound driver 327
Windows NT
SCSI driver for guest 360
sound driver 327
Windows Server 2003
SCSI driver for guest 360
VMware, Inc. 469
Index
Windows XP
installing guest operating system 99
SCSI driver for guest 360
wizard
Add New Hardware 182
New Team 257
New Virtual Machine 79, 95, 198,
448
Workspace tab in preferences editor 82
workspaces
location of 82
switching in Linux guest 344
Workstation
checking for updates for 78
serial number for 50
starting 66
write caching 371
X
X server and keyboard mapping 346
X toolkit options 408
xFree86 and keyboard mapping 346
Z
zip drives
disconnecting 358
on a parallel port 334
Workstation Users Manual
470 VMware, Inc.