3G UMTS Radio Network Planning 20071115

3G
UMTS overview &RF Planning

Vinod BHOOSHAN
November, 16
th
2007
2 | WCDMA Architecture | December 2006 All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 2006, #####
Agenda
1. Introduction to UMTS & Architecture
2. WCDMA overview
3. Radio environment
4. UTRAN overall dimensioning process
5. Radio Network Planning Process
6. Radio Frequency Aspects & GSM/UMTS Co-siting
7. HSDPA overview
Introduction to UMTS & Architecture
UTRA - UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
2 modes:
W-CDMA FDD mode for the paired band
uplink and downlink are separated in frequency
TD-CDMA TDD mode for the unpaired band
uplink and downlink are separated in time
flexible time duration for uplink and downlink for asymmetrical traffic
FDD Mode
F
UL/DL
TDD Mode
1900 1920 1980
FDD UL
TDD
UL/D
L
TDD
UL/DL
MSS
UL
2010 2025
MSS
DL
2110 2170 2200
FDD DL
F
UL
F
DL
UTRA FDD - Characteristics
W-CDMA multiple access
Frequency band Region 1 (Europe)
Uplink: 1920-1980 MHz
Downlink: 2110-2170 MHz
Carrier Bandwidth
2x5 MHz (theor. occupied bandwidth=Chiprate 3,84 Mcps)
Services
Both circuit and packet data and asymmetric bitrates
User bitrate up to 384 kbit/s
FDD foreseen for Macro- and Microcellular coverage
UMTS Radio Access Network
Internet
Core
Network
RNC
RNC
ISDN
Node B
Node B
Radio Access
Network
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
Iub
Iu
Iur
Introduction
UTRAN Architecture
Circuit Core
Network
IP
Network
2G/3G GGSN
3G SGSN
GPRS
backbone
3G
MSC/VLR
RNC
Node I
Iu(PS)
RNC
Node B
with RRU
Node B
Iub
Uu
Iur
Iu(CS)
UMTS radio access network
Node B
Node B
Iur
UTRAN
RNC
RNC
Node B
Node B
Iub
RNS
RNS
Iu
Node B
radio station like the BTS in GSM.
RNC-Radio Network Controller
controls radio resources of several Node Bs
supports the Iu interface to the core network
RNS-Radio Network Subsystem
like BSS in GSM
UMTS radio access network interfaces
Node B
Node B
Iur
UTRAN
RNC
RNC
Node B
Node B
Iub
RNS
RNS
Iu Iur interface
logical interface between RNCs
basic inter RNC mobility (e.g. soft
handover)
Iub interface
interface between RNC and Node B
WCDMA overview
Multiple Access Techniques
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
uses band pass for carrier signal which are
non-overlapping in the frequency domain
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
carrier signals are non overlapping in the
time domain
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
spreads the signal over the entire available
bandwidth by using codes with good
correlation properties
F Fr r e eq qu ue en nc cy y
T Ti i m me e
P Po ow we er r
O On ne e U Us se er r
F Fr r e eq qu ue en nc cy y
T Ti i m me e
P Po ow we er r
U Us se er r
Power
Time
Frequency
One User
Carrier 1 Carrier 2
W-CDMA
W-CDMA = Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
Users are separated with code sequences (spreading/de-spreading technique)
All users are transmitting simultaneously on the same frequency
In FDD mode, different frequencies are used on uplink and downlink
Spread spectrum technique
The user bits are coded with a unique sequence (code).
The bits of the code are called chips and the chip rate is higher than the user
bit rate
Time
Domain
Bandwidth = 3.84 Mhz for UMTS
Code
Ci(t)
Resulting spread signal
Di (t) = Si (t) x Ci(t)
Bit
1
Bit
2
Source signal Si (t)
before spreading
Frequency
Domain
Narrowband signal
Bit Rate =Rb
Chip Rate =Rc = 3.84 Mcps in UMTS
Chip Rate =Rc
Spreading Factor
SF =Rc/Rb
Spreading
SPREADING
Own and other signals
Despreading
DESPREADING
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
[1 1 -1 1 -1] [1 -1 -1 -1 1]
Spread Chip Sequence
c
s
T
T
L =
Spreading Factor
Spreading Chips
+1
-1
Symbol
+1
-1 -1 -1 -1
Ts
Tc
Spreading / Despreading
In the receiving path, de-spreading is
achieved by auto-correlation with the same
code
Due to low cross-correlation properties with
other codes, the received signal energy is
increased compared to noise and other
signal interference
The gain due to despreading is called
processing gain
Example for 12.2 AMR speech:
dB
kbps
kcps
Rate Bit User
Rate Chip
PG 25 75 . 314
2 . 12
3840
= = = =
Spreading and scrambling codes
Spreading codes (channelization codes)
used to differentiate mobiles and services
different lengths (spreading factor) according to service in UMTS
Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) in UMTS
Scrambling codes
used to differentiate un-synchronized codes (from other UEs or Node-Bs)
1 scrambling code per sector on downlink
PN code family in UMTS
DL
UL
UE
Descrambling Despreading
Spreading
OVSF
(Service identifier)
Scrambling
PN
(User identifier)
Node B
Spreading
OVSF
(Service/ user identifier)
Scrambling
PN
(Cell identifier)
Descrambling Despreading
Spreading codes: OVSF code tree
1 c
4,1
=
c
4,2
=
c
4,3
=
c
4,4
=
c
2,1
=
c
2,2
=
c
1,1
= 1
1 1
1 -1
1
1
1 1
1 -1
1 -1
reverse
copy 1 1
copy
reverse
-1 -1
1 -1
-1 1
reverse
SF= 4 SF= 1 SF= 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
Up to SF=256
OVSF : Orthogonality property
1 c
4,1
=
c
4,2
=
c
4,3
=
c
4,4
=
c
2,1
=
c
2,2
=
c
1,1
= 1
1 1
1 -1
1
1
1 1
1 -1
1 -1
1 1
-1 -1
1 -1
-1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1
1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1
1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
Codes free
Codes used
RNC
SC#0
SC#1
SC#2
Node
B
Node
B
SC#128
SC#129
SC#130
SC: Scrambling Code
Downlink Scrambling Code
Downlink scrambling code
One code per cell (sector/carrier) : Configurable by operator
512 codes
Radio environment
UMTS Radio Environment
Propagation model
o No special propagation model currently used for broadband signals at 2GHz
o Standard propagation model based on Hata-Okumura model for macrocellular
COST-HATA is only valid for 1500-2000 MHz
Calibration of morpho correction factors required
o ITU is defining a new propagation model which will be valid for 30-3000 MHz
with a particular attention to 2GHz range
Overall process
Inputs: WCDMA Radio parameters
W-CDMA parameters
such as UL cell loading, Common channel power, orthogonality factor
Eb/No and sensitivity values for each service and required QoS
Radio parameters
Gains, margins and losses (shadowing, body losses, soft-handover gain )
Propagation models
Overall process
Key dimensioning parameters (1/3)
Environment
Dense urban, urban, suburban, rural
=> impact on propagation models at 2 GHz
Multi-path channel model (Vehicular A for macrocell deployment)
and mobile speed (3km/h, 50km/h )
=> impact on Eb/No and fast fading margins in link budget
Coverage objectives
Coverage probability
=> impact on shadowing margin in link budget
Wall penetration (deep or light indoor, incar, outdoor)
=> impact on penetration margin in link budget
Overall process
Service offer strategy
Offered services (bit rate)
Quality (required BLER)
=> impact on Eb/No and sensitivity values in link budget
W-CDMA parameters
Eb/No, sensitivity figures
Mobile power classes (21, 24 dBm)
Soft-handoff gains
Other cell to intra-cell interference ratios
Downlink orthogonality factor
Max allowable cell load
Overall process
Critical parameters that strongly affects the design results:
penetration margin (from 0 to 22dB)
Offered service (from 128kbps to 384kbps, double the number of sites
Propagation model parameters (morpho correction factor Kc)
Probability of coverage (90, 95%)
Mobile transmit power (21 or 24 dBm)
Max allowable UL cell load (e.g. 65%)
Implementation margin for Eb/No (1dB)
Multipath channel model (Vehicular or Pedestrian) and speed (3-120km/h)
UE 1
UE 2
Before despreading
After despreading
Near-Far-Problem
Up to around 80 dB attenuation between UE1 and UE2
If UE1 and UE2 transmitted with the same power, UE1 would jam UE2 : so-
called near-far effect
Solution : power control
Need for an efficient power control able to fight against slow AND fast
fading!
Power Control
TX Power is adjusted regularly so that each connection is received with the
required Eb/Nt of its service
Uplink: Avoid Near-Far-Problem
Downlink: Power share allocation
Policy: No one gets a higher quality (Eb/Nt) than he needs. Everyone gets
exactly the required quality or is not served at all
no unnecessary increase of interference for other mobiles
no waste of common power resource in the downlink
Cell breathing
Considering the limitation of maximal transmit power, the increase of
required received power due to high traffic will lead to decrease the
cell range
The cell coverage decreases when the traffic increases : so-called cell
breathing phenomenon
Coverage and capacity are linked in CDMA systems
Cell breathing
Load in the cell increases (increased number
of subscribers, or higher transfer data rates)
Power and the noise level will grow and
finally hinder communication.
Node B will decrease power per user
reduction of coverage area
The RET will partly compensate cell
breathing effect by changing the tilt
Then RET saves sites
What is cell breathing ?
It is variable coverage due to increased
load and noise
How ?
CDMA Uplink capacity
CDMA uplink capacity depends on the service bit rate, required Eb/No, load
(interference) level =>Theory of Pole point formula (pole capacity) in
monoservice
Soft capacity : if a cell is surrounded by lower loaded cells, this cell can
support a higher number of users
1
1
1
b b
o
X
N
E R
F
N W

= +

+

N : number of simultaneous users per
sector
F : ratio between intracell and extracell
interference
X : cell load level (related to noise rise)
Inter fer ence l evel as a functi on of capaci ty
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Cel l l oadi ng (%)
50% of cell load
(3dB of interference)
max loading : 75%
I
n
t
e
r
f
e
r
e
n
c
e

l
e
v
e
l

(
d
B
)

) 1 log( 10
UL
X NoiseRise =
Note:
For cell load above 75 %, the
system gets unstable
Uplink Cell load (monoservice)
The UL cell load is directly linked to the so called Noise Rise or interference
level
100 % UL cell load means infinite mobile power required
monoservice
UTRAN overall dimensioning process
Overall methodology
Coverage-based dimensioning
Based on the UL part of the Link Budget
Increase the number of sites if dimensioning is capacity-based
Capacity-based dimensioning
UL Load Radio UL capacity
PA Radio DL capacity
TRM Codes DL capacity
CEM CEM UL/DL capacity
If required, reduce or increase the loading and iterate
Number of sites
Base Station H/W Configuration
Link Budget Example
Speech CS64 PS64 PS64 with HSDPA
Service Bit Rate kbps 12.20 64.00 64.00 64.00
Target Eb/No dB 4.30 1.50 1.40 3.30
Target C/I dB -20.68 -16.28 -16.38 -14.48
Node-B Noise Figure dB 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
Node-B Noise Figure with TMA dB 2.36 2.36 2.36 2.36
Node-B Sensitivity dBm -126.34 -121.94 -122.04 -120.14
Node-B Sensitivity with TMA dBm -126.48 -122.08 -122.18 -120.28
Antenna Gain dBi 18.00 18.00 18.00 18.00
Cable & Connector Losses dB 2.50 2.50 2.50 2.50
Cable & Connector Losses with TMA dB 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Body Loss dB 3.00 3.00 1.50 1.50
Additional Losses dB 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Cell area coverage probability % 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95
Outdoor Shadowing standard deviation dB 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
Indoor penetration standard deviation dB 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Overall standard deviation dB 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
Shadowing Margin dB 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.65
Fast Fading Margin dB 1.70 4.30 0.60 0.60
Penetration Margin dB 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
Cell Load % 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Noise Rise dB 3.01 3.01 3.01 3.01
Interference Margin dB 2.97 2.91 2.91 2.86
UE Max Transmit Power dBm 21.00 21.00 21.00 24.00
UE Antenna Gain (UL diversity) dBi 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
MAPL without TMA dB 131.51 124.58 129.88 131.03
Cell Range without TMA km 0.74 0.47 0.66 0.72
Nsites without TMA (1000km) 943.00 2304.00 1164.00 1004.00
xCEM capacity figures with bi-dimension model
Bi-dimension model for xCEM:
RNC Dimensioning
RadioNetwork Planning Process
WCDMA Radio Network Planning Process
Alcatel-Lucents Tool A9155
Alcatel-Lucent uses A9155 (based on Atoll from Forsk)
A key advantage associated with this tool lies in
the full flexibility to change computation
algorithms and settings as required
A9155 is fully aligned with Alcatel-Lucents
products and engineering tool chain
Interface compatible with Alcatel-Lucents OMC-R
Alcatel-Lucent customers can fully benefit from this
tool since it is included in Alcatel-Lucents product
portfolio
Many customers already use A9155.
Inputs Required
RNP requires a set of inputs, in addition
to those required for the Radio Network
Dimensioning stage, including:
Topology, morphology and traffic
information
Site co-ordinates, heights, tilts,
patterns and azimuths.
Morphology Clutter Database
Topology Digital Elevation Map Traffic Maps
RNP Coverage Predictions (2/2)
Acceptable coverage is defined by several
requirements that should be satisfied within
the design coverage area:
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/Io -15 dB (based on field experience)
Service Eb/No in DL UE service Eb/No for the target BLER
Service Eb/No in UL Node-B service Eb/No
for the target BLER
HSDPA & HSUPA throughput
Soft Handover status (for information purposes)
RAN acceptance procedure
Radio commissioning of a cluster
Check of bearer coverage in moving conditions and in loaded context.
Cluster loaded to check the quality of service as if several customer were
using some 3G services
70% power load in DL (OCNS)
50% cell load in UL (3dB noise rise thanks to attenuator on UL path of the UE)
Drive test performed to check
Radio service quality of the bearer
Track interference problems (Pilot pollution)
Coverage holes
Missing neighbours
Fixed load Predictions (1/2)
Fixed load Predictions (2/2)
Prediction Examples: CPICH RSCP Coverage (1/5)
In Red :
CS64 CPICH w/o
TMA
In Green :
CS64 CPICH w/
TMA
In Yellow :
Speech CPICH
w/o TMA
In Blue :
Speech CPICH
w/ TMA
Predictions Examples: CPICH Ec/Io Coverage (2/5)
CPICH Ec/Io
Threshold = -
15dB
Predictions Examples: UL / DL Speech Coverage (3/5)
Predictions Examples: UL / DL CS64 Coverage (4/5)
Predictions Examples: UL / DL PS384 Coverage (5/5)
RNP Network Simulations (1/2)
Objective: To account for:
The dynamic nature of the interactions between
users (through iterative power control simulations)
and the typically non-uniform distribution of the traffic between sites
(defined by the traffic map)
Uniform loading assumptions implicit with simple predictions studies
Two common types of RNP network simulation studies that are performed:
Load Distribution Simulation Studies for estimating the UL and DL
loading on a per cell basis (to facilitate enhanced predictions studies)
Detailed Simulation Studies to assess the network performance in a more
rigorous manner in terms of call failures, hotspot analysis, radio feature
evolution, rollout analysis
Simulation Examples (1/2)
Based on Monte Carlo analysis
Random distribution of the users over the network according to a traffic
map
150 151 152

1
6
9
1
7
0
150 151 152
1
6
9
1
7
0
User 759
Service: PS64
Mobility: 3 km/h
Terminal: Mobile
Activity: Active UL
Simulation Examples: Call Connections & Failures (2/2)
For each simulated
mobile:
Mobile Status : connected
UL, DL or not connected
Reason for Call Failure
Mobile Power
Active set status
Allows the identification
of hotspot locations that
are suffering performance
problems facilitating targeted fine tuning of the design (add sites, carriers,
features, etc).
Example RNP Benefits
This Radio Network Planning
illustrates clearly a lack of
sites in several areas of the
network. This is mainly due to
the huge inter-site distance
As the coverage is limited in
Uplink, these results could be
improved by introducing TMA
in most of the sites and thus
decrease the required number
of Node Bs
1800m
2100m
Summary
The Radio Network Planning process for WCDMA does not redo the design
derived from the radio network dimensioning process
Serves rather to enhance and refine the design
Accounts for field constraints such as topology, morphology and traffic
distribution
Site positions, antenna heights, antenna tilts can be optimized
Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations can be used to better model the dynamic
system behaviour and account for more realistic traffic distributions.
A9155 forms the RNP part of Alcatel-Lucents consistent tool chain for the
radio network design process
Radio Frequency Aspects GSM/UMTS
Co-siting
Alcatel-Lucents guideline is to ensure there is 40 dB isolation between 2G
system and 3G system
Worst Cases (in order to maintain 40dB isolation)
II I (90)
d
d
d
d
III (180) IV (Horizontal)
d
V (Vertical)
d
Case Offending Antenna type WCDMA antenna Crossbeam Recommended isolation
I up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N >0.25m
II up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N Same mast is ok
III up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N Same mast is ok
IV 65 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N >0.4m
IV 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N >0.8m
IV 115 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW N >1m
IV 65 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW 10-40 degrees >0.5m - 1m
IV up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW 10 degrees >0.7m
IV up to 90 degrees HPBW 65 degrees HPBW 40 degrees >1m
V 7 degrees V-HPBW 65 degrees HPBW Normal tilting >0.25m depends on tilting
Disclaimer:This table can be treated as a rough guide only. If the required separation cannot be strictly
met, then the degradation in performance will vary case by case.
Azimuths may Change
Horizontal separation >= 1m and Vertical separation >= 0.5m can be used as the guideline. Some safety margin is
included to take into account the different antenna types used, and crossbeams.
we cannot control the orientation of 2G equipment
Hence, the separation distance guideline is to PLAN FOR WORST CASE.
This takes into consideration possible changes of antennas azimuth and yet able to maintain a reasonable
amount of isolation so as to minimize the impact of interference.
Worst Case Example (1)
Single case measurement example
Below 1m, rapid roll-off towards low isolation
GSM1800 115 deg to UMTS 65 deg
Horizontal measurements
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
55.00
60.00
0
.
0
0
1
.
0
0
2
.
0
0
3
.
0
0
4
.
0
0
5
.
0
0
6
.
0
0
7
.
0
0
8
.
0
0
9
.
0
0
1
0
.
0
0
1
1
.
0
0
1
2
.
0
0
Distance (m)
I
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n

(
d
B
)
1900MHz
1950MHz
1980MHz
50dB marker
Worst Case Example (2)
Beam Crossing
This is to show that the closer the main beams
of 2 antennas cross, the lower the isolation
between them.
Variable azimuth GSM1800 65 deg to UMTS 65 deg -
cross-polar
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
55.00
60.00
65.00
70.00
75.00
-45 0 +45 +90
Bearing from fixed antenna (degrees)
I
s
o
l
a
t
i
o
n

(
d
B
)
1900MHz
1950MHz
1980MHz
50dB
marker
Solutions
Additional methods to achieve the required isolation
Physical Antenna Separation
Tighter filtering of the GSM BTS TX signal
Adding filters to the GSM BTS tx port to reduce the spurious emissions.
Diplexer in the case of feeder and antenna sharing between different systems
Diplexer typically has >50 dB isolation.
Guideline:
H-separation > 1m
V-separation > 0.5m
UMTS and UMTS
UMTS and UMTS
Interference between Different UMTS Operators sharing same UMTS Antenna
3GPP Specification TS 25.942 defined a minimum coupling loss of 30 dB between
antennas.
Antennas providing isolation of >30 dB (which is commonly available) between ports is
sufficient.
IS95 with UMTS
IS95 with UMTS
IS95/CDMA2000 is in the 800/900 MHz band, the impact of IS95 on WCDMA
2GHz band is very unlikely.
Besides, the spectral density of IS95, which is a Spread Spectrum technology,
would be very low to cause impact.
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Interfering
WCDMA WCDMA Solution
Spurious Emissions
guideline: require >30
dB isolation (worst
case)
UMTS Tx filter for both
operators
1) This isolation guideline is based on eg. worst case BTS/Node B
specifications etc..
2) So, even if the isolation requirement is not met, it doesnt necessarily mean
there would definitely be isolation issues.
3) The guideline gives a safety reference that we should try to achieve to give
us a certain level of confidence over possible isolation issues.
Radio Frequency Aspects
GSM/UMTS Co-siting
feeder
Single band antennas
GSM
BTS
UMTS
Node B
feeder
feeder
Dual Band Antenna
GSM
BTS
UMTS
Node B
feeder
Decision criteria:
planning philosophy of the network
operators aim
environment (visual impact...)
Feeder sharing
solution
Without Feeder
sharing
Dual Band Antenna
GSM 900
BTS
UMTS
Node B
feeder
Diplexer
Diplexer
Broadband
Antenna
UMTS
Node
B
GSM
BTS
Diplexer
Co-location with GSM system
UMTS Cell range depends on Traffic density and the service data rate
Comparison of UMTS cell ranges with GSM
0
2
4
6
8
10
Dense Urban (20 dB) Urban (15 dB) Suburban (15 dB) Rural (6 dB)
Cel l Ranges
GSM900
GSM1800
UMTS128
UMTS384
900m
550m
350m
1500m
900m
650m
3000m
2000m
1200m
HSDPA overview
What is HSDPA?
HSDPA: High Speed Downlink Packet Access
Part of 3GPP Release 5 (R5) and later releases
Purpose: Enhance 3G Mobile systems by offering higher data rates in the
Downlink Direction
Direct evolution of 3GPP R99 networks (UMTS)
To further extend your UMTS network performances
To further extend your UMTS network performances
HSDPA Evolution phases
Phase 1: Basic HSDPA (3GPP R5) with peak data
bit rates up to 14 Mbps
High speed Downlink shared channel supported by
control channels
Adaptive Modulation (QPSK & 16 QAM) and rate
matching
Shared Medium Access Control (MAC-hs) located in
Node-B
Support of Best Effort and Background services
Phase 2: HSDPA Enhancements with Antenna Array
Processing Technologies (3GPP R7) with peak data
rates up to 30 Mbps
Smart Antennas with beam-forming techniques for Mobiles
with 1 antenna
MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technologies for
Mobiles with more than 1 antenna up to 4 antennas
Support of Streaming services
Phase 3: New air interface (OFDM) with increased bit rates
OFDM physical layer with Higher Modulation schemes and array processing
MAC-hs/OFDM with fast scheduling for selection of sub-carrier set
Mx-MAC (Multi-standard MAC) to enable switching between OFDMA and CDMA channels
3GPP R5
3GPP R6 Beyond
HSDPA Basics
HSDPA: Key Features (2)
HS-PDSCH uses adaptive
modulation (QPSK or 16 QAM)
coding (Turbo Coding)
The Turbo encoder has fixed code rate of 1/3
Variable effective code rates are achieved by rate matching (puncturing or
repetition)
Replaces Power Control and variable SF
Higher dynamic
More efficient for users close to Node-B
Adaptive Modulation
and Coding
Throughput vs. C/(I+N) [Vehi cul ar A 30 km/h]
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10
C/(I+N) [dB]
T
h
r
o
u
g
h
p
u
t

[
K
b
p
s
]
QPSK_1_724
QPSK_2_1430
QPSK_3_2159
QPSK_5_3630
QPSK_10_7168
QPSK_15_10821
16QAM_1_1430
16QAM_2_2876
16QAM_5_7168
16QAM_15_21754
Envelope
High Order modulation: 16QAM
Code Multiplexing: up to 15 codes in parallel
User can be code and time multiplexed (TTI= 2ms)
1011 1001 0001 0011
1010 1000 0000 0010
1110 1100 0100 0110
1111 1101 0101 0111
i2 i2
i1
q1
q2
q2
0.4472 1.3416
0.4472
1.3416
Codes
TTI = 2ms
User 1
User 2
User 3
Time and Code multiplexing in HSDPA
Fixed Spreading Factor, SF=16
-> 3.84Mcps/16 = 240 K symbols/s
-> @ 16QAM -> 240 x 4 = 960 kbps
-> @ code rate = 3/4 -> 720 kbps
720 kbps bit rate can be achieved per code
-> 10.8 Mbps over 15 codes
HSDPA Basics
HSDPA: Key Features (4)
HS- DSCH
categor y
Maxi mum number
of HS- DSCH codes
r ecei ved
Modul ati on
suppor ted (QPSK
and/ or 16- QAM)
Maxi mum
bi t r ate
(i n Mbps)
1 5 Both 1.2
2 5 Both 1.2
3 5 Both 1.8
4 5 Both 1.8
5 5 Both 3.6
6 5 Both 3.6
7 10 Both 7.2
8 10 Both 7.2
9 15 Both 10.2
10 15 Both 14.4
11 5 QPSK only 0.9
12 5 QPSK only 1.8
HSDPA Basics
Terminal categories
HSDPA will require new terminals to support:
a new protocol stack
new modulation & coding
12 categories have been defined by 3GPP for W-CDMA / FDD
Most probable first category
of terminal for HSDPA launch
in 2006
www.alcatel-lucent.com

3G UMTS Radio Network Planning 20071115

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UMTS overview &RF Planning

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