Regression Models - Peer

Assessments
Executive Summary
This article is published from Motor Trend, one of the top magazine about the automobile
industry.
It focus on exploring the relationship between a set of variables and miles per gallon. It
includes :
Is an automatic or manual transmission better for MPG It can be seen that manual is
with greater Miles/(US) gallon
Quantifying how different is the MPG between automatic and manual transmissions?
mtcars$cyl <- factor(mtcars$cyl)
mtcars$vs <- factor(mtcars$vs)
mtcars$gear <- factor(mtcars$gear)
mtcars$carb <- factor(mtcars$carb)
mtcars$am <- factor(mtcars$am)
Investigate the relationship between MPG, AM
fit <- lm(mpg ~ am, data = mtcars)
fit
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = mpg ~ am, data = mtcars)
##
## Coefficients:
## (ntercept) am!
## !"#!$ "#%&
Coefficient is shown.
Exploratory data analyses
plot(mtcars$am, mtcars$mpg)
summary(fit)
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##
## Call:
## lm(formula = mpg ~ am, data = mtcars)
##
## 'esiduals:
## (in !) (edian *) (a+
## -,#*,% -*#-,% --#%," *#%&& ,#$-.
##
## Coefficients:
## /stimate 0td# /rror t value 1r(23t3)
## (ntercept) !"#!$ !#!% !$#%$ !#!e-!$ 444
## am! "#%& !#"5 &#!! -#---%, 444
## ---
## 0ignif# codes: - 64446 -#--! 6446 -#-! 646 -#-$ 6#6 -#! 6 6 !
##
## 'esidual standard error: &#, on *- degrees of freedom
## (ultiple '-s7uared: -#*5, 8d9usted '-s7uared: -#**.
## :-statistic: !5#, on ! and *- ;:, p-value: -#---%.$
abline(fit)
inference Inference is done in it
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It can be seen that manual is with greater Miles/(US) gallon
Model Selection Fit multiple models and detail their strategy for model selection - Choose
the best one with AM in it
# 1lot a main effect for eac< column of mtcars (e+cept mpg) nitial model in
# step-=ise selection
fit#all <- lm(mpg ~ #, data = mtcars)
result#step <- step(fit#all, direction = >bot<>, scope = list(lo=er = ~am))
summary(result#step)
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = mpg ~ cyl ? <p ? =t ? am, data = mtcars)
##
## 'esiduals:
## (in !) (edian *) (a+
## -*#,*, -!#%$5 --#&-! !#!%$ $#-$!
##
## Coefficients:
## /stimate 0td# /rror t value 1r(23t3)
## (ntercept) **#"-.* %#5-&, !%#,& "#"e-!* 444
## cyl5 -*#-*!* !#&-"* -%#!$ -#-&-" 4
## cyl. -%#!5*" %#%.&* --#,$ -#*$%*
## <p --#-*%! -#-!*" -%#*$ -#-%5, 4
## =t -%#&,5. -#..$5 -%#.% -#--,! 44
## am! !#.-,% !#*,5* !#*- -#%-5$
## ---
## 0ignif# codes: - 64446 -#--! 6446 -#-! 646 -#-$ 6#6 -#! 6 6 !
##
## 'esidual standard error: %#&! on %5 degrees of freedom
## (ultiple '-s7uared: -#.55, 8d9usted '-s7uared: -#.&
## :-statistic: **#5 on $ and %5 ;:, p-value: !#$!e-!-
From the above model details, we observe that the adjusted R2 value is 0.84. hence more
than 84% of the variability is shown by the above model.
The questions of interest is answered
Appendix
Model Diagnostics Residual plot and some diagnostics
fit <- lm(mpg ~ am, data = mtcars)
plot(residuals(fit), fitted#values(fit))
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77norm(residuals(fit))
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