History of olympics

The games were held to be one of the two central rituals in Ancient Greece, the other being the
much older religious festival, the Eleusinian Mysteries.
[16]

The games started in Olympia, Greece, in a sanctuary site for the Greek deities near the towns of
Elis and Pisa (both in Elis on the peninsula of Peloponnesos). The first games began as an annual
foot race of young women in competition for the position of the priestess for the
goddess, Hera
[17]
and a second race was instituted for a consort for the priestess who would
participate in the religious traditions at the temple.
[18]

The Heraea Games, the first recorded competition for women in the Olympic Stadium, were held as
early as the sixth century BC. It originally consisted of foot races only, as did the competition for
males. Some texts, including Pausanias's Description of Greece, c. AD 175, state
that Hippodameia gathered a group known as the "Sixteen Women" and made them administrators
of the Heraea Games, out of gratitude for her marriage to Pelops. Other texts related to the Elis and
Pisa conflict indicate that the "Sixteen Women" were peacemakers from Pisa and Elis and, because
of their political competence, became administrators of the Heraea. Being the consort of Hera
in Classical Greek mythology, Zeus was the father of the deities in the pantheon of that era. The
Sanctuary of Zeus in Olympia housed a 13-metre-high (43 ft) statue in ivory and gold of Zeus that
had been sculpted by Phidias circa 445 BC. This statue was one of the ancient Seven Wonders of
the World. By the time of the Classical Greek culture, in the fifth and fourth centuries BC, the games
were restricted to male participants.
The modern Olympic Games (French: Jeux olympiques
[1]
) are the leading international sporting
event featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes across the
planet participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered to be the world's
foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating.
[2]
The Olympic Games are held
every four years, with theSummer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but
two years apart. Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held
in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de
Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. The IOC is the governing
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
1
Michael
Phelps
United
States
Swimming
2004
2012
Summe
r
M 18 2 2 22
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
2
Larisa
Latynina
Soviet
Union
Gymnastics
1956
1964
Summe
r
F 9 5 4 18
3
Paavo
Nurmi
Finland Athletics
1920
1928
Summe
r
M 9 3 0 12
4
Mark
Spitz
United
States
Swimming
1968
1972
Summe
r
M 9 1 1 11
5
Carl
Lewis
United
States
Athletics
1984
1996
Summe
r
M 9 1 0 10
6
Ole Einar
Bjrndal
en
Norway Biathlon
1998
2014
Winter M 8 4 1 13
7
Bjrn
Dhlie
Norway
Cross-
country
skiing
1992
1998
Winter M 8 4 0 12
7
Birgit
Fischer Germany
Canoeing
1980
2004
Summe
r
F 8 4 0 12
9
Sawao
Kato
Japan Gymnastics
1968
1976
Summe
r
M 8 3 1 12
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
9
Jenny
Thompso
n
United
States
Swimming
1992
2004
Summe
r
F 8 3 1 12
11
Matt
Biondi
United
States
Swimming
1984
1992
Summe
r
M 8 2 1 11
12
Ray
Ewry
United
States
Athletics
1900
1908
Summe
r
M 8 0 0 8
13
Nikolai
Andriano
v
Soviet
Union
Gymnastics
1972
1980
Summe
r
M 7 5 3 15
14
Boris
Shakhlin
Soviet
Union
Gymnastics
1956
1964
Summe
r
M 7 4 2 13
15
Vra
slavsk

Czechoslov
akia
Gymnastics
1960
1968
Summe
r
F 7 4 0 11
16
Viktor
Chukarin
Soviet
Union
Gymnastics
1952
1956
Summe
r
M 7 3 1 11
17
Aladr
Gerevich Hungary
Fencing
1932
1960
Summe
r
M 7 1 2 10
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
18
Edoardo
Mangiaro
tti
Italy Fencing
1936
1960
Summe
r
M 6 5 2 13
19
Marit
Bjrgen
Norway
Cross-
country
skiing
2002
2014
Winter F 6 3 1 10
20
Hubert
Van Innis Belgium
Archery
1900
1920
Summe
r
M 6 3 0 9
20
Lyubov
Yegorov
a
Russia
Cross-
country
skiing
1992
1994
Winter F 6 3 0 9
22
Akinori
Nakaya
ma
Japan Gymnastics
1968
1972
Summe
r
M 6 2 2 10
23
Valentina
Vezzali
Italy Fencing
1996
2012
Summe
r
F 6 1 2 9
24
Gert
Fredrikss
on
Sweden
Canoeing
1948
1960
Summe
r
M 6 1 1 8
25
Chris Great
Cycling
2000 Summe
M 6 1 0 7
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
Hoy Britain 2012 r
26
Vitaly
Scherbo
Belarus Gymnastics
1992
1996
Summe
r
M 6 0 4 10
27
Viktor
Ahn
Russia
Short track
speed
skating
2006
2014
Winter M 6 0 2 8
27
Reiner
Klimke Germany
Equestrian
1964
1988
Summe
r
M 6 0 2 8
29
Pl
Kovcs Hungary
Fencing
1936
1960
Summe
r
M 6 0 1 7
30
Usain
Bolt Jamaica
Athletics
2008
2012
Summe
r
M 6 0 0 6
30
Rudolf
Krpti Hungary
Fencing
1948
1960
Summe
r
M 6 0 0 6
30
Nedo
Nadi
Italy Fencing
1912
1920
Summe
r
M 6 0 0 6
30
Kristin
Otto
East
Germany
Swimming 1988
Summe
r
F 6 0 0 6
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
30
Lidia
Skobliko
va
Soviet
Union
Speed
skating
1960
1964
Winter F 6 0 0 6
30
Amy Van
Dyken
United
States
Swimming
1996
2000
Summe
r
F 6 0 0 6
36
Takashi
Ono
Japan Gymnastics
1952
1964
Summe
r
M 5 4 4 13
37
Carl
Osburn
United
States
Shooting
1912
1924
Summe
r
M 5 4 2 11
38
Ryan
Lochte
United
States
Swimming
2004
2012
Summe
r
M 5 3 3 11
39
Gary
Hall, Jr.
United
States
Swimming
1996
2004
Summe
r
M 5 3 2 10
39
gnes
Keleti Hungary
Gymnastics
1952
1956
Summe
r
F 5 3 2 10
41
Nadia
Comne
ci
Romania
Gymnastics
1976
1980
Summe
r
F 5 3 1 9
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
41
Ian
Thorpe Australia
Swimming
2000
2004
Summe
r
M 5 3 1 9
43
Ville
Ritola
Finland Athletics
1924
1928
Summe
r
M 5 3 0 8
43
Isabell
Werth Germany
Equestrian
1992
2008
Summe
r
F 5 3 0 8
45
Polina
Astakhov
a
Soviet
Union
Gymnastics
1956
1964
Summe
r
F 5 2 3 10
46
Claudia
Pechstei
n
Germany
Speed
skating
1992
2006
Winter F 5 2 2 9
47
Elisabeta
Lip Romania
Rowing
1984
2000
Summe
r
F 5 2 1 8
48
Yukio
Endo
Japan Gymnastics
1960
1968
Summe
r
M 5 2 0 7
48
Aaron
Peirsol
United
States
Swimming
2000
2008
Summe
r
M 5 2 0 7
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
50
Mitsuo
Tsukahar
a
Japan Gymnastics
1968
1976
Summe
r
M 5 1 3 9
51
Krisztina
Egersze
gi
Hungary
Swimming
1988
1996
Summe
r
F 5 1 1 7
51
Tom
Jager
United
States
Swimming
1984
1992
Summe
r
M 5 1 1 7
51
Larisa
Lazutina
Russia
Cross-
country
skiing
1992
1998
Winter F 5 1 1 7
51
Willis A.
Lee
United
States
Shooting 1920
Summe
r
M 5 1 1 7
51
Clas
Thunber
g
Finland
Speed
skating
1924
1928
Winter M 5 1 1 7
51
Hans
Gnter
Winkler
Germany
Equestrian
1956
1976
Summe
r
M 5 1 1 7
57
Thomas
Norway
Cross-
country
1994
Winter M 5 1 0 6
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
Alsgaard skiing 2002
57
Anton
Heida
United
States
Gymnastics 1904
Summe
r
M 5 1 0 6
57
Nellie
Kim
Soviet
Union
Gymnastics
1976
1980
Summe
r
F 5 1 0 6
57
Ole
Lilloe-
Olsen
Norway Shooting
1920
1924
Summe
r
M 5 1 0 6
57
Don
Schollan
der
United
States
Swimming
1964
1968
Summe
r
M 5 1 0 6
62
Bonnie
Blair
United
States
Speed
skating
1988
1994
Winter F 5 0 1 6
62
Georgeta
Damian Romania
Rowing
2000
2008
Summe
r
F 5 0 1 6
62
Alfred
Lane
United
States
Shooting
1912
1920
Summe
r
M 5 0 1 6
62
Steve
Redgrav
Great
Britain
Rowing
1984
2000
Summe
r
M 5 0 1 6
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
e
62
Johnny
Weissmu
ller
United
States
Swimming,
Water polo
1924
1928
Summe
r
M 5 0 1 6
62 Zou Kai China Gymnastics
2008
2012
Summe
r
M 5 0 1 6
68
Anastasi
a
Davydov
a
Russia
Synchronize
d swimming
2004
2012
Summe
r
F 5 0 0 5
68
Morris
Fisher
United
States
Shooting
1920
1924
Summe
r
M 5 0 0 5
68
Eric
Heiden
United
States
Speed
skating
1980 Winter M 5 0 0 5
71
Raisa
Smetani
na
Soviet
Union
Cross-
country
skiing
1976
1992
Winter F 4 5 1 10
72
Alexande
r Popov
Russia Swimming
1992
2000
Summe
r
M 4 5 0 9
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
73
Dara
Torres
United
States
Swimming
1984
2008
Summe
r
F 4 4 4 12
74
Kornelia
Ender
East
Germany
Swimming
1972
1976
Summe
r
F 4 4 0 8
74
Dawn
Fraser Australia
Swimming
1956
1964
Summe
r
F 4 4 0 8
76
Sixten
Jernberg Sweden
Cross-
country
skiing
1956
1964
Winter M 4 3 2 9
76
Ludmilla
Tourisch
eva
Soviet
Union
Gymnastics
1968
1976
Summe
r
F 4 3 2 9
78
Ricco
Gross Germany
Biathlon
1992
2006
Winter M 4 3 1 8
78
Georges
Miez Switzerland
Gymnastics
1924
1936
Summe
r
M 4 3 1 8
78
Otto
Olsen
Norway Shooting
1920
1924
Summe
r
M 4 3 1 8
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
78
Ireen
Wst
Netherland
s
Speed
skating
2006
2014
Winter F 4 3 1 8
82
Ivan
Patzaichi
n
Romania
Canoeing
1968
1984
Summe
r
M 4 3 0 7
83
Alexei
Nemov
Russia Gymnastics
1996
2000
Summe
r
M 4 2 6 12
84
Kjetil
Andr
Aamodt
Norway Alpine skiing
1992
2006
Winter M 4 2 2 8
84
Inge de
Bruijn
Netherland
s
Swimming
2000
2004
Summe
r
F 4 2 2 8
84
Sven
Fischer Germany
Biathlon
1994
2006
Winter M 4 2 2 8
84
Galina
Kulakova
Soviet
Union
Cross-
country
skiing
1972
1980
Winter F 4 2 2 8
84
Jason United
Swimming
2000 Summe
M 4 2 2 8
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
Lezak States 2012 r
84
Roland
Matthes
East
Germany
Swimming
1968
1976
Summe
r
M 4 2 2 8
90
Ivar
Ballangr
ud
Norway
Speed
skating
1928
1936
Winter M 4 2 1 7
90
Einar
Liberg
Norway Shooting
1908
1924
Summe
r
M 4 2 1 7
92
Lucien
Gaudin
France Fencing
1920
1928
Summe
r
M 4 2 0 6
92
Giusepp
e Delfino
Italy Fencing
1952
1964
Summe
r
M 4 2 0 6
92
Christian
d'Oriola
France Fencing
1948
1956
Summe
r
M 4 2 0 6
92
Allyson
Felix
United
States
Athletics
2004
2012
Summe
r
F 4 2 0 6
92
Matt
Grevers
United
States
Swimming
2008
2012
Summe
r
M 4 2 0 6
N
o.
Athlet
e
Nation Sport
Yea
rs
Gam
es
Gen
der
Go
ld
Silv
er
Bron
ze
Tot
al
92
Guo
Jingjing
China Diving
2000
2008
Summe
r
F 4 2 0 6
92
Olga
Korbut
Soviet
Union
Gymnastics
1972
1976
Summe
r
F 4 2 0 6
92
Janica
Kosteli
Croatia Alpine skiing
2002
2006
Winter F 4 2 0 6

Filipino athlete
Medal Name Games Sport Event Ref
Bronze
Tefilo Yldefonso
1928
Amsterdam
Swimming
Men's 200 metre
breaststroke
[2]

Bronze
Simeon Toribio
1932 Los
Angeles
Athletics
Men's high jump
[3]

Bronze
Jos Villanueva
1932 Los
Angeles
Boxing
Men's bantamweight
[4]

Bronze
Tefilo Yldefonso
1932 Los
Angeles
Swimming
Men's 200 metre
breaststroke
[2]

Medal Name Games Sport Event Ref
Bronze
Miguel White 1936 Berlin
Athletics
Men's 400 metres
hurdles
[5]

Silver Anthony Villanueva 1964 Tokyo
Boxing
Men's featherweight
[6]

Bronze
Leopoldo Serantes 1988 Seoul
Boxing
Men's light flyweight
[7]

Bronze
Roel Velasco
1992
Barcelona
Boxing
Men's light flyweight
[8]

Silver Mansueto Velasco 1996 Atlanta
Boxing
Men's light flyweight
[9]


Physical fitness
1. It exhibits a physically active lifestyle.
2. It achieves and maintains a health-enhancing level of physical fitness.
3. It demonstrates responsible personal and social behaviour in physical activity settings.
4. Book alters states that "the aim of physical education is the optimum development of the
physically, socially and mentally integrated and adjusted individual through guided instruction and
participation in selected total-body sports, rhythmic and gymnastic activities conducted according to
social and hygienic standards."
5. It demonstrates competency in many movement forms and proficiency in a few.
Division of human body
the head, the trunk or torso, lower extremities [legs and feet] and upper extremities [arms and
hands].
the head, the trunk or torso, lower extremities [legs and feet] and upper extremities [arms and
hands].
Dangerous exercises
Squat
Squats arent bad for your knees, says Frisch. Its how youre doing them thats bad for your knees.
Barbell Shoulder Press and Lat Pulldown
People jut their head too far forward, and theres too much cervical [upper-spine] strain, says Aaron
Brooks, a biomechanics expert and owner of Perfect Postures in Auburndale, MA. Performing these
exercises behind the neck can also rotate your shoulders forwardthe opposite position you want for
vertical pressing and pulling. This can set you up for rotator cuff issues, Brooks say
Kettlebell Swing
Its a total-body movement that includes coordinating balance, strength, timing, breathing,
posture, and position to be able to drive a weight out from your body, loading your hips, knees,
spine, and shoulders, he says. If youre not aligned properly, theres potential risk.

Biceps Curl
When most people do curls, they let their shoulders hunch and roll forward instead of setting their
shoulders back. This trains the dysfunction. Youre looking to build mirror muscles, but youre actually
making your posture look worse,
Upright Row
Even if you dont feel pain in your rotator cuff, theres probably something wrong with your shoulder, and
instances get worse as you get older, says Eric Cressey of Cressey Performance in Hudson, MA. Fifty-
four percent of people over 60 have cuff tears, many of them without symptoms, he says.
Overhead Press
The overhead pressperformed with a barbell or dumbbellscan cause shoulder pain and injury without
proper thoracic spine mobility, says Brett Jones, a Master Russian Kettlebell Champion (RKC) and author
of Kettlebell Basics for Strength Coaches and Personal Trainers.
Leg Throwdown
If theres any asymmetry in your pelvis, theres way too much that could go wrong with that move, he
says. You can absolutely blow out your low back by doing that.
Plyometric Exercises
But jumping and landing can be dangerous if the body isnt ready, he says. Instead of distributing the
force of your body through all your joints and muscles, an improper landing can place all of that force and
weightas much as 8 times your body weightinto your knees.