This document contains 25 multiple choice questions about theories of child development. The questions cover topics like Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, and Kohlberg's stages of moral development. The document also provides the learner's responses to the questions and indicates whether they answered correctly or incorrectly.
This document contains 25 multiple choice questions about theories of child development. The questions cover topics like Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, and Kohlberg's stages of moral development. The document also provides the learner's responses to the questions and indicates whether they answered correctly or incorrectly.
This document contains 25 multiple choice questions about theories of child development. The questions cover topics like Piaget's stages of cognitive development, Vygotsky's zone of proximal development, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, and Kohlberg's stages of moral development. The document also provides the learner's responses to the questions and indicates whether they answered correctly or incorrectly.
Systematic change in the mental processes that underlie all learning and performance is referred to as:
moral maturation.
cognitive development.
social-emotional development.
intellectual development.
According to Piagetian theory, cognitive development is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT:
perception.
reasoning.
verbal facilities.
language.
In Piagets theory of development, mental processing is considered to be constrained by two
influences:
mental maturity and life opportunities.
physical maturation and schooling.
cognitive schemes and disequilibrium.
assimilation and accommodation.
When a child repeatedly taps the stuffed toy in her bed to make it play music, the child has reached which substage of the sensorimotor period?
reflex modification
primary circular reactions
secondary circular reactions
tertiary circular reactions
Which of the following advancements would be new to a child reaching the preoperational stage?
The ability to consider multiple aspects of a problem.
The ability to consider past and present activities.
The ability to experiment with circular reactions.
The ability to calculate probabilities.
According to Piaget, the middle childhood years bring a new set of skills, concrete operations, that:
build on and expand development in fine and gross motor capabilities.
facilitate emotional development as the child resolves common cultural
demands and tasks.
reduce anxiety in children at this stage by distorting reality to assist them in understanding.
provide general, abstract rules and strategies for examining and interacting with the world.
In contrast to the elementary school child, an adolescent who has developed formal operational thought can:
think about possible outcomes.
think systematically about the future.
imagine future consequences of her actions.
do all of the above.
According to Vygotsky, cognitive development depends on:
environmental pressure.
mental maturity.
social interactions.
genetics.
Vygotskys emphasizes the importance of a more experienced other who serves as a guide to provide _____ for the learner.
questioning
scaffolding
disequilibrium
motivation
The task that an individual can accomplish only with the assistance of a more experienced person represents the learners:
area of cognitive dissonance.
zone of proximal development.
learning opportunity.
point of disequilibrium.
Which educational psychologist would most likely submit the following personal ad? I like long conversations with one other person who allows me to learn at my peak ability. I enjoy doing the crossword puzzle with someone who is slightly better than I am so I can learn from their skills. I frequently talk aloud to myself and appreciate when others do the same. If interested in providing me with support, and being supported in return, please respond to this ad.
Piaget
Vygotsky
Freud
Skinner
Sammy wants to pour the milk on his cereal all by himself. When Mommy starts to pour the milk he puts his hands over the bowl and shouts, No, ME do it! Sammy is MOST LIKELY in Eriksons ____
stage, and is approximately ___ years old.
trust vs. mistrust; 3
initiative vs. guilt; 3
autonomy vs. shame and doubt; 2
industry vs. inferiority; 1
According to Erikson, successful resolution of the identity vs. role confusion conflict faced in adolescence leads to which of the following virtues?
a sense of purpose
feelings of competence
the ability to commit oneself
investment in future generations
Susans children are all married and living a good distance from home. Susan works as a legal secretary, and most of what she earns goes into college funds for her 2 grandchildren. Her own children lead busy lives, with friends and work activities occupying most of their time, so Susan volunteers one evening each week at the Childrens Hospital, reading bedtime stories to the young children there. Susan is BEST classified as fitting into Eriksons ________ stage.
intimacy vs. isolation
generatively vs. stagnation
integrity vs. despair
identity vs. role confusion
According to Erikson, ____ is the ability to fuse
ones identity with someone elses without fear youre going to lose yourself.
trust
identity
intimacy
post-formal thinking
Rachel joined the Olympic gymnastic team when she was 13. She has been a gymnast all of her life and has not considered other options. Now, at the age of 26, Rachel has severely injured her knee and can no longer compete. She finds that she doesnt have an identity beyond that associated with gymnastics. Which of the following statements would Erikson most likely make?
Rachel can now resolve the crisis of identity achievement; it doesnt matter when it happens.
Rachel missed her opportunity to reach identity achievement and there is little hope for her to lead a normal life.
Rachel can skip the stage of identify achievement and lead a normal life.
Rachel developed a maladaptive identity in her teens and needs to take time with a counselor to resolve the identify crisis.
According to Bronfenbrenners ecological perspective, the influence of important social forces on a person who has no direct contact with them represents the:
microsystem.
mesosystem.
exosystem.
chronosystem.
Consider the educational trends discussed in Chapter 1. Which of Bronfenbrenners systems influenced incremental trends that continue to increase, such as information?
mesosystem
exosystem
macrosystem
chronosystem
A child has a good day at school and goes home and shares that excitement with his or her parents. This represents the influence of which system?
microsystem
mesosystem
exosystem
macrosystem
A child who says it is wrong to steal because she might get caught would be in Kohlbergs ______ stage.
punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1)
instrumental hedonism (stage 2)
good boy or good girl morality (stage 3)
authority and social order maintaining morality (stage 4)
A teenager who begins using alcohol because all his friends are doing it is probably in Kohlbergs _____ stage.
punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1)
instrumental hedonism (stage 2)
good boy or good girl morality (stage 3)
authority and social order maintaining morality (stage 4)
Critics of Kohlberg claim that his theory reflects all of the following EXCEPT:
a cultural bias.
an age bias.
a liberal bias.
a gender bias.
At what level of moral development are the rules and standards of society internalized and held as ones own?
preconventional
conventional
postconventional
autonomous
Recent research involving Kohlbergs and Piagets theories of moral reasoning suggest that:
there is no relationship between level of cognitive development and moral reasoning.
they underestimated childrens moral reasoning capabilities.
they overestimated childrens moral reasoning capabilities.
they focused too much attention on childrens actions in a moral situation.
Carol Gilligan claims that men and women score at different levels on Kohlbergs moral dilemmas because:
males operate on the basis of a morality of justice and females do not.
Freud was right: Females are less morally mature.
Males are more concerned with the needs of others.
Males reason about real life dilemmas while women reason about hypothetical moral issues.
Your Results for: "Multiple Choice Questions" Print this page Location on Site: Chapter 3 > Multiple Choice Questions Date/Time Submitted: February 25, 2013 at 5:52 AM (UTC/GMT) Summary of Results 8% Correct of 25 Scored items: 2 Correct: 8% 23 Incorrect: 92% More information about scoring
1. Systematic change in the mental processes that underlie all learning and performance is referred to as: Your Answer: social-emotional development.
Correct Answer: cognitive development.
2. According to Piagetian theory, cognitive development is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT: Your Answer: reasoning.
Correct Answer: language.
3. In Piagets theory of development, mental processing is considered to be constrained by two influences: Your Answer: assimilation and accommodation.
Correct Answer: mental maturity and life opportunities.
4. When a child repeatedly taps the stuffed toy in her bed to make it play music, the child has reached which substage of the sensorimotor period? Your Answer: reflex modification
Correct Answer: secondary circular reactions
5. Which of the following advancements would be new to a child reaching the preoperational stage? Your Answer: The ability to calculate probabilities.
Correct Answer: The ability to consider past and present activities.
6. According to Piaget, the middle childhood years bring a new set of skills, concrete operations, that: Your Answer: reduce anxiety in children at this stage by distorting reality to assist them in understanding. Correct Answer: provide general, abstract rules and strategies for examining and interacting with the world.
7. In contrast to the elementary school child, an adolescent who has developed formal operational thought can: Your Answer: imagine future consequences of her actions.
Correct Answer: do all of the above.
8. According to Vygotsky, cognitive development depends on: Your Answer: genetics.
Correct Answer: social interactions.
9. Vygotskys emphasizes the importance of a more experienced other who serves as a guide to provide _____ for the learner. Your Answer: questioning
Correct Answer: scaffolding
10. The task that an individual can accomplish only with the assistance of a more experienced person represents the learners: Your Answer: point of disequilibrium.
Correct Answer: zone of proximal development.
11. Which educational psychologist would most likely submit the following personal ad? I like long conversations with one other person who allows me to learn at my peak ability. I enjoy doing the crossword puzzle with someone who is slightly better than I am so I can learn from their skills. I frequently talk aloud to myself and appreciate when others do the same. If interested in providing me with support, and being supported in return, please respond to this ad. Your Answer: Piaget
Correct Answer: Vygotsky
12. Sammy wants to pour the milk on his cereal all by himself. When Mommy starts to pour the milk he puts his hands over the bowl and shouts, No, ME do it! Sammy is MOST LIKELY in Eriksons ____ stage, and is approximately ___ years old. Your Answer: trust vs. mistrust; 3
Correct Answer: initiative vs. guilt; 3
13. According to Erikson, successful resolution of the identity vs. role confusion conflict faced in adolescence leads to which of the following virtues? Your Answer: feelings of competence
Correct Answer: the ability to commit oneself
14. Susans children are all married and living a good distance from home. Susan works as a legal secretary, and most of what she earns goes into college funds for her 2 grandchildren. Her own children lead busy lives, with friends and work activities occupying most of their time, so Susan volunteers one evening each week at the Childrens Hospital, reading bedtime stories to the young children there. Susan is BEST classified as fitting into Eriksons ________ stage. Your Answer: identity vs. role confusion
Correct Answer: generatively vs. stagnation
15. According to Erikson, ____ is the ability to fuse ones identity with someone elses without fear youre going to lose yourself. Your Answer: trust
Correct Answer: intimacy
16. Rachel joined the Olympic gymnastic team when she was 13. She has been a gymnast all of her life and has not considered other options. Now, at the age of 26, Rachel has severely injured her knee and can no longer compete. She finds that she doesnt have an identity beyond that associated with gymnastics. Which of the following statements would Erikson most likely make? Your Answer: Rachel developed a maladaptive identity in her teens and needs to take time with a counselor to resolve the identify crisis.
17. According to Bronfenbrenners ecological perspective, the influence of important social forces on a person who has no direct contact with them represents the: Your Answer: microsystem.
Correct Answer: exosystem.
18. Consider the educational trends discussed in Chapter 1. Which of Bronfenbrenners systems influenced incremental trends that continue to increase, such as information? Your Answer: mesosystem
Correct Answer: chronosystem
19. A child has a good day at school and goes home and shares that excitement with his or her parents. This represents the influence of which system? Your Answer: macrosystem
Correct Answer: mesosystem
20. A child who says it is wrong to steal because she might get caught would be in Kohlbergs ______ stage. Your Answer: punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1)
21. A teenager who begins using alcohol because all his friends are doing it is probably in Kohlbergs _____ stage. Your Answer: punishment and obedience orientation (stage 1)
Correct Answer: good boy or good girl morality (stage 3)
22. Critics of Kohlberg claim that his theory reflects all of the following EXCEPT: Your Answer: a cultural bias.
Correct Answer: an age bias.
23. At what level of moral development are the rules and standards of society internalized and held as ones own? Your Answer: autonomous
Correct Answer: postconventional
24. Recent research involving Kohlbergs and Piagets theories of moral reasoning suggest that: Your Answer: there is no relationship between level of cognitive development and moral reasoning. Correct Answer: they underestimated childrens moral reasoning capabilities.
25. Carol Gilligan claims that men and women score at different levels on Kohlbergs moral dilemmas because: Your Answer: Freud was right: Females are less morally mature.
Correct Answer: males operate on the basis of a morality of justice and females do not.
Multiple Choice Quiz (See related pages)
1
Which of the following provides the best example of the microsystem, as described in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory? Need a Hint?
A) Students interact directly with their teacher.
B) A parent attends a parent-teacher conference without the student.
C) Local government approves increased funding for public school libraries.
D) Society progresses toward acceptability of females serving in more administrative roles in the schools. 2
The link between the home and the school is an example of a: Need a Hint?
A) Microsystem
B) Mesosystem
C) Exosystem
D) Macrosystem
E) Chronosystem
3
The school board passes a new rule that limits the number of students allowed in each classroom in order to enhance teacher-student relationships. This is an example of which environmental system? Need a Hint?
A) Microsystem
B) Mesosystem
C) Exosystem
D) Macrosystem
E) Chronosystem
4
Which of the following provides the best example of the macrosystem, as described in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory? Need a Hint?
A) Students interact directly with their teacher.
B) A parent attends a parent-teacher conference without the student.
C) Local government approves increased funding for public school libraries.
D) Society progresses toward acceptability of females serving in more administrative roles in the schools. 5
Which of the following is the final stage of development, as proposed by Erikson? Need a Hint?
A) Autonomy versus shame and doubt
B) Trust versus mistrust
C) Integrity versus despair
D) Identity versus identity confusion
6
According to Erikson's life-span development theory, at approximately what age does a person undergo the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt? Need a Hint?
A) The first year
B) The second year
C) Age 6 to puberty
D) Adolescence
7
On the basis of Erikson's life-span development theory, which of the following strategies would best enable a teacher to stimulate identity exploration in adolescents? Need a Hint?
Encourage individuals to express their views freely. A)
B) Structure activities around success rather than failure.
C) Provide opportunities for fantasy play.
D) Evaluate students' opinions carefully and critically.
8
Children are most likely to have high self-esteem and get along well with their peers when raised with which of the following styles of parenting? Need a Hint?
A) Indulgent
B) Neglectful
C) Authoritarian
D) Authoritative
9
Researchers who study peer relations among children have noted that "popular" children typically display which of the following characteristics? Need a Hint?
A) They listen carefully.
B) They are conceited.
C) They engage in delinquent behavior.
D) They are aggressive.
10
Of the following activities, which is most "developmentally appropriate" for school children between 5 and 8 years of age? Need a Hint?
A) Highly structured activity
B) Reading silently while sitting at a desk
C) Teacher-directed lesson
D) Pursuit of student-selected project
11
Which of the following actions by teachers would most likely increase the self-esteem of an elementary school child? Need a Hint?
A) Complimenting the student for being polite toward others
B) Criticizing the student for making a mistake on a homework assignment
C) Punishing the student for interrupting somebody else
D) Showing little interest in the student's work
12
Which of the following statements best describes a student with identity diffusion? Need a Hint?
A) The student has explored career paths and made a commitment toward a goal.
B) The student has accepted someone else's idea for a career path and made a commitment toward that goal.
C) The student has not explored career paths and lacks a goal.
D) The student has explored career paths but has made no commitments toward any path. 13
Alina, a high school student, loves to work with computers. She is also very active in student government. She would like to pursue a career that involves interacting with people. She is considering careers in computer programming and computer sales, as well as careers in politics and law. She hopes to make a final decision by the end of this school year. Which of the following labels best describes Alina's identity status? Need a Hint?
A) Identity diffusion
B) Identity moratorium
C) Identity achievement
D) Identity foreclosure
14
A high school student who feels it is wrong to cheat because if he gets caught he will be sent to the office is revealing which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning? Need a Hint?
A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Postconventional
15
An individual in the conventional level of Kohlberg's theory would turn to which of the following when making a moral decision? Need a Hint?
A) Family expectations
B) Potential punishment involved
C) Individual values
D) Personal needs and desires
16
An individual in the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory would turn to which of the following when making a moral decision? Need a Hint?
A) Family expectations
B) Potential punishment involved
C) Individual values
Personal needs and desires D) 17
Kohlberg's second level of morality, reflecting an internalization of standards created by other people in society, is called: Need a Hint?
A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Midconventional
D) Postconventional
18
Individuals who evaded the draft due to fear for their lives would be considered ______; while those who did so out of principles of peace would be ______. Need a Hint?
A) preconventional; postconventional
B) conventional; preconventional
C) postconventional; conventional
D) conventional; postconventional
19
Mr. Johnson utilizes an activity within his social studies class that involves students volunteering in the community. Students are given the option of helping the elderly, working in a hospital, or assisting Habitat for Humanity. This is a good example of: Need a Hint?
A) Character education
B) Values clarification
C) Cognitive moral education
D) Service learning
20
Kohlberg and Gilligan have proposed theories of moral development. Kohlberg's focuses on ____; Gilligan's focuses on _____. Need a Hint?
A) justice; care
B) care; justice
C) rightness; wrongness
D) relationships; abstract reasoning
21
Researchers have found that in some ethnic groups, aspects of the authoritarian parenting style may be associated with: Need a Hint?
A) Pro-social behaviors
B) Identity diffusion
C) Positive child outcomes, such as high academic achievement
D) Enhanced language development
22
All of the following statements are true concerning rejected children EXCEPT: Need a Hint?
A) They can be trained to interact more effectively with their peers.
B) They are infrequently nominated as a best friend.
C) They are often actively disliked by their peers.
D) They are aggressive.
23
The current controversy about early childhood education is largely comprised of three groups: advocates of a constructivist approach, advocates of an instructivist approach, and: Need a Hint?
A) advocates of programs that emphasize children's intellectual development
B) Advocates of home-based programs
C) Advocates of culture-based curriculum
D) Advocates of authoritarian instruction
24
The NAEYC states that standards in early childhood education are useful when they: Need a Hint?
A) Guide disciplinary consequences for children
B) Are developed by local governments
C) Emphasize developmentally appropriate content
D) Are used to rank and place children
25
A child's low self-esteem may be caused by: Need a Hint?
A) Competence in an area
B) Family conflict
C) Emotional support
D) Social approval
26
Which of the following is NOT a strategy to improve students' self-esteem? Need a Hint?
A) Develop children's coping skills.
B) Provide emotional support.
C) Help children identify and achieve their goals.
D) Offer verbal praise regardless of the quality of student performance. 27
Research shows that family management practices such as ________ have a positive impact on students' grades and self-responsibility. Need a Hint?
A) varying children's bedtime routine
B) exhibiting low expectations for achievement
C) establishing routines for homework
D) hiring others to handle household chores
28
Which of the following female student groups has the lowest high school graduation rate? Need a Hint?
A) African-American
B) Latina
C) non-Latino White
D) Asian
Multiple Choice Quiz (See related pages)
Results Reporter Out of 28 questions, you answered 6 correctly with a final grade of 21%
6 correct (21%)
22 incorre ct (79%)
0 unans wered (0%)
Your Results: The correct answer for each question is indicated by a .
1 INCORRECT
Which of the following provides the best example of the microsystem, as described in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
A) Students interact directly with their teacher.
B) A parent attends a parent-teacher conference without the student.
C) Local government approves increased funding for public school libraries.
D) Society progresses toward acceptability of females serving in more administrative roles in the schools.
2 INCORRECT
The link between the home and the school is an example of a:
A) Microsystem
B) Mesosystem
C) Exosystem
D) Macrosystem
E) Chronosystem
3 INCORRECT
The school board passes a new rule that limits the number of students allowed in each classroom in order to enhance teacher-student relationships. This is an example of which environmental system?
A) Microsystem
B) Mesosystem
C) Exosystem
D) Macrosystem
E) Chronosystem
4 INCORRECT
Which of the following provides the best example of the macrosystem, as described in Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory?
A) Students interact directly with their teacher.
B) A parent attends a parent-teacher conference without the student.
C) Local government approves increased funding for public school libraries.
D) Society progresses toward acceptability of females serving in more administrative roles in the schools.
5 INCORRECT
Which of the following is the final stage of development, as proposed by Erikson?
A) Autonomy versus shame and doubt
B) Trust versus mistrust
C) Integrity versus despair
D) Identity versus identity confusion
6 INCORRECT
According to Erikson's life-span development theory, at approximately what age does a person undergo the stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt?
A) The first year
B) The second year
C) Age 6 to puberty
D) Adolescence
7 CORRECT
On the basis of Erikson's life-span development theory, which of the following strategies would best enable a teacher to stimulate identity exploration in adolescents?
A) Encourage individuals to express their views freely.
B) Structure activities around success rather than failure.
C) Provide opportunities for fantasy play.
D) Evaluate students' opinions carefully and critically.
8 CORRECT
Children are most likely to have high self-esteem and get along well with their peers when raised with which of the following styles of parenting?
A) Indulgent
B) Neglectful
C) Authoritarian
D) Authoritative
9 INCORRECT
Researchers who study peer relations among children have noted that "popular" children typically display which of the following characteristics?
A) They listen carefully.
B) They are conceited.
C) They engage in delinquent behavior.
D) They are aggressive.
10 INCORRECT
Of the following activities, which is most "developmentally appropriate" for school children between 5 and 8 years of age?
A) Highly structured activity
B) Reading silently while sitting at a desk
C) Teacher-directed lesson
D) Pursuit of student-selected project
11 INCORRECT
Which of the following actions by teachers would most likely increase the self-esteem of an elementary school child?
A) Complimenting the student for being polite toward others
B) Criticizing the student for making a mistake on a homework assignment
C) Punishing the student for interrupting somebody else
Showing little interest in the student's work D)
12 INCORRECT
Which of the following statements best describes a student with identity diffusion?
A) The student has explored career paths and made a commitment toward a goal.
B) The student has accepted someone else's idea for a career path and made a commitment toward that goal.
C) The student has not explored career paths and lacks a goal.
D) The student has explored career paths but has made no commitments toward any path.
13 INCORRECT
Alina, a high school student, loves to work with computers. She is also very active in student government. She would like to pursue a career that involves interacting with people. She is considering careers in computer programming and computer sales, as well as careers in politics and law. She hopes to make a final decision by the end of this school year. Which of the following labels best describes Alina's identity status?
A) Identity diffusion
B) Identity moratorium
C) Identity achievement
D) Identity foreclosure
14 INCORRECT
A high school student who feels it is wrong to cheat because if he gets caught he will be sent to the office is revealing which level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning?
A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Postconventional
15 CORRECT
An individual in the conventional level of Kohlberg's theory would turn to which of the following when making a moral decision?
A) Family expectations
B) Potential punishment involved
C) Individual values
D) Personal needs and desires
16 INCORRECT
An individual in the postconventional level of Kohlberg's theory would turn to which of the following when making a moral decision?
A) Family expectations
B) Potential punishment involved
C) Individual values
D) Personal needs and desires
17 INCORRECT
Kohlberg's second level of morality, reflecting an internalization of standards created by other people in society, is called:
A) Preconventional
B) Conventional
C) Midconventional
D) Postconventional
18 CORRECT
Individuals who evaded the draft due to fear for their lives would be considered ______; while those who did so out of principles of peace would be ______.
A) preconventional; postconventional
B) conventional; preconventional
C) postconventional; conventional
D) conventional; postconventional
19 CORRECT
Mr. Johnson utilizes an activity within his social studies class that involves students volunteering in the community. Students are given the option of helping the elderly, working in a hospital, or assisting Habitat for Humanity. This is a good example of:
A) Character education
B) Values clarification
C) Cognitive moral education
D) Service learning
20 INCORRECT
Kohlberg and Gilligan have proposed theories of moral development. Kohlberg's focuses on ____; Gilligan's focuses on _____.
A) justice; care
B) care; justice
C) rightness; wrongness
D) relationships; abstract reasoning
21 INCORRECT
Researchers have found that in some ethnic groups, aspects of the authoritarian parenting style may be associated with:
A) Pro-social behaviors
B) Identity diffusion
C) Positive child outcomes, such as high academic achievement
D) Enhanced language development
22
INCORRECT All of the following statements are true concerning rejected children EXCEPT:
A) They can be trained to interact more effectively with their peers.
B) They are infrequently nominated as a best friend.
C) They are often actively disliked by their peers.
D) They are aggressive.
23 INCORRECT
The current controversy about early childhood education is largely comprised of three groups: advocates of a constructivist approach, advocates of an instructivist approach, and:
A) advocates of programs that emphasize children's intellectual development
B) Advocates of home-based programs
C) Advocates of culture-based curriculum
D) Advocates of authoritarian instruction
24 INCORRECT
The NAEYC states that standards in early childhood education are useful when they:
A) Guide disciplinary consequences for children
B) Are developed by local governments
C) Emphasize developmentally appropriate content
D) Are used to rank and place children
25 CORRECT
A child's low self-esteem may be caused by:
A) Competence in an area
B) Family conflict
C) Emotional support
D) Social approval
26 INCORRECT
Which of the following is NOT a strategy to improve students' self- esteem?
A) Develop children's coping skills.
B) Provide emotional support.
C) Help children identify and achieve their goals.
D) Offer verbal praise regardless of the quality of student performance.
27 INCORRECT
Research shows that family management practices such as ________ have a positive impact on students' grades and self-responsibility.
varying children's bedtime routine A)
B) exhibiting low expectations for achievement
C) establishing routines for homework
D) hiring others to handle household chores
28 INCORRECT
Which of the following female student groups has the lowest high school graduation rate?
A) African-American
B) Latina
C) non-Latino White
D) Asian
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Flashcards Crack the Cases
_______ refers to all of the characteristics of a person.
A) The self
B) Self-concept
C) Identity
D) Personality
2 INCORRECT
At approximately what age does rudimentary self-understanding (self-recognition) first take place?
A) 6 months
B) 18 months
C) 24 months
D) 36 months
3 INCORRECT
Preschoolers most often describe themselves in terms of their:
A) thoughts.
B) physical characteristics.
C) emotions.
D) relationships to other people.
4 UNANSWERED
Lauren is 4 years old. What would Lauren MOST likely say if you asked her to describe who she is?
A) "I am quiet, nice, and friendly."
B) "I have brown hair, and I have a bicycle."
C) "I like preschool, especially reading, and I am good in art."
D) "I am the daughter of Sam and Renee and the sister of William."
5 INCORRECT
Jaymon is a third-grader and has been asked by his teacher to describe himself. What is the MOST likely description Jaymon will give?
A) "I have a dog."
B) "I have blue eyes."
C) "I am friendly."
D) "I am strong."
6 INCORRECT
The ability to understand another person's thoughts and feelings is:
A) self-awareness.
B) perspective taking.
C) self-control.
D) love.
7 CORRECT
In terms of self-understanding, children in late childhood are MORE likely than children in early childhood to:
A) compare themselves to their peers.
B) compare themselves to role models.
C) use physical characteristics to describe themselves.
D) use outer states to describe themselves.
8 CORRECT
Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual's life?
A) self-concept
B) self-esteem
C) self-awareness
D) self-control
9 INCORRECT
If researchers measure an individual's self-concept at age 10, 20, 30, and 40, where are they likely to find the MOST self-concept stability?
A) between the ages of 10 and 30
B) between the ages of 20 and 30
C) between the ages of 20 and 40
D) There will be little change in self-concept over the life span.
10 INCORRECT
Erikson believed that elderly adults use their impending death as a motivation to look back and evaluate their life. This form of retrospection is what many theorists call:
A) life review.
B) identity resolution.
C) integrity formation.
D) retrospective spirit.
11 CORRECT
Which is the LEAST likely outcome of life review?
A) increased fear of death
B) the discovery of the meaning of one's life
C) a new sense of self
D) an opportunity to share insights with significant others
12 CORRECT
Angela has been told that she is high in self-regulation. If this is true, we would expect Angela to:
A) need therapy.
B) achieve her goals.
C) be overly controlled.
D) be rigid and inflexible.
13 CORRECT
Compared with earlier periods, adolescence is a time of:
A) increases in self-regulation.
B) decreases in self-regulation.
C) both increases and decreases in self-regulation.
D) stability in terms of self-regulation.
14 INCORRECT
According to Baltes, successful aging is based on selection, optimization, and:
A) elaboration.
B) flexibility.
C) adjustment.
D) compensation.
15 CORRECT
Self-esteem is to _______ self-evaluation as self-concept is to _______ self-evaluation.
A) global; domain-specific
B) personal; academic
C) subjective; objective
D) interpersonal; intrapersonal
16 INCORRECT
Susan Harter believes that the best way to enhance a child's sense of self-esteem is to:
A) coach the child in his or her weakest area.
B) help the child recognize and value a strength he or she already has.
C) point out that other children are not performing as well as this child.
D) reinforce the child when he or she says positive things about himself or herself.
17 CORRECT
Peter and Lynette want to help their daughter develop high self- esteem. They should teacher her to:
A) turn to adults for help when faced with a problem.
B) ignore problems.
C) cope with problems.
D) turn her problems over to someone who is more advanced at problem-solving.
18 INCORRECT
Authoritarian parents who have a lot of rules that restrict their children's behavior tend to move children toward:
A) greater feelings of guilt.
B) having a weak conscience.
C) feelings of despair and stagnation.
D) a greater desire to take initiative over their dominating parents.
19 INCORRECT
What does a child get from peers that he or she typically cannot get from siblings?
A) a same-sex friend
B) a chance to share intimate feelings
C) an idea of how the child compares to other children the same age
D) a view of what the world looks like from another person's perspective
20 INCORRECT
As children transition from elementary school to middle school, their self-esteem:
A) drops.
B) increases.
C) does not change for most children.
D) drops for girls but increases for boys.
21 INCORRECT
The adolescent identity crisis refers to a period:
A) of confusion during which youth are choosing between attachment and autonomy.
B) when adolescents are actively making decisions about who they want to be.
C) when adolescents actively avoid commitment to ideas or occupations.
D) of intense turmoil and stress that lasts a short time and determines an adolescent's identity status.
22 INCORRECT
According to Erikson, what must individuals achieve before they can develop intimacy?
A) an identity
B) secure attachment
C) self-appraisal
D) commitment
23 INCORRECT
According to the contemporary view of identity development, your sense of identity is determined:
A) with attachment during infancy.
B) by your choice of family lifestyle.
C) by resolving the identity crisis during adolescence.
D) during infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
24 CORRECT
Ramona's parents have decided that she will enroll in the state college near their hometown. Ramona hasn't given much thought to the issue and will probably do what they advise. According to psychologist James Marcia, accepting her parents' advice will put Ramona into:
A) identity diffusion.
B) identity foreclosure.
C) identity moratorium.
D) identity achievement.
25 INCORRECT
Ramon considered attending a technical college, but also wondered about the value of getting a bachelor's degree from a university. He finally decided to attend the technical college but still wonders if his choice was correct. According to James Marcia, Ramon is in a state of:
A) identity diffusion.
B) identity foreclosure.
C) identity moratorium.
D) identity achievement.
26 INCORRECT
Researchers believe that adolescents who develop the most positive sense of identity are ones who:
A) never enter into an identity crisis.
B) follow the "MAMA" (moratorium, achievement, moratorium, achievement) cycle of identity.
C) reach identity foreclosure by age 16.
D) reach identity achievement by age 16.
27 INCORRECT
Jason was confused about whether to propose to his girlfriend. After he proposed, he felt great and knew he had done the right thing. As the wedding date approached, however, he was overcome with doubt. He considered calling off the wedding but did not. Today he is happily married and glad he made his decision. Jason's experience is an example of:
A) identity diffusion.
B) identity foreclosure.
C) the "MAMA" cycle of identity development.
D) the values-conflict tension in identity development.
28 INCORRECT
The term that James Marcia uses to refer to the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what they are going to do is:
A) value.
B) desire.
C) commitment.
D) involvement.
29 INCORRECT
Asked whether they ever had doubts about their religion, four students gave the following answers. Which of these students has arrived at identity achievement?
A) Kristin: "Oh, I don't know. It really doesn't bother me. I figure one's about as good as another."
B) Joe: "No, not really. Our family is pretty much in agreement about these things."
C) Alicia: "Yes, I guess I'm going through that right now. How can there be a god with so much evil in the world?"
D) Phil: "Yeah, I even started wondering if God existed. I've pretty much resolved that by now, though."
30 INCORRECT
Autocratic parents are most likely to have adolescents experiencing identity:
A) achievement.
B) moratorium.
C) foreclosure.
D) diffusion.
31 INCORRECT
According to Cooper and Grotevant (1989), both _______ and _______ are important in the adolescent's identity development.
A) separation; conflict
B) individuality; connectedness
C) obedience; self-regulation
D) family; peer relations
32 INCORRECT
Most ethnic minority individuals first consciously confront their ethnicity in:
A) early childhood.
B) middle childhood.
C) adolescence.
D) young adulthood.
33 INCORRECT
A contemporary criticism of Freud's developmental theory is that:
A) sexual development declines as we enter adulthood.
B) the superego does not fully develop until adulthood.
C) childhood experiences are not the only important experiences in our life.
D) unresolved conflicts are not as important as once thought.
34 INCORRECT
Jennifer believes that each individual follows a unique path toward the development of personality and that one's personality is constantly changing across the life span. Her views are most similar to:
A) Bandura
B) Erikson
C) Freud
D) Costa and McCrae
35 INCORRECT
35 Behavioral theories suggest that personality is:
A) situation specific.
B) composed of five basic dimensions.
C) fairly consistent over time and situations.
D) determined by the external environment.
36 INCORRECT
Which type of personality theories stress the person's capacity for personal growth, freedom to choose one's own destiny, and positive qualities?
A) social cognitive
B) psychoanalytic
C) behavioral
D) humanistic
37 UNANSWERED
Which of the following is one of Costa and McCrae's "big five" personality traits?
A) sensitivity
B) masculinity/femininity
C) aggressiveness
D) extraversion
38 INCORRECT
Paul Costa and Robert McCrae determined that the "big five" personality factors:
A) showed different patterns of development during middle adulthood.
B) became the "big three" as adults matured.
C) go through a series of developmental stages.
D) remain relatively stable during the middle adult years.
39 INCORRECT
Evidence from an accumulation of studies indicates that the midlife crisis is:
A) a universal phenomenon.
B) present in most individuals, but not all.
C) dependent on the cohort that is currently middle-aged.
D) exaggerated.
40 UNANSWERED
Hyun-Joo experiences great satisfaction through nurturing, guiding, and teaching skills to her children. According to Erik Erikson, Hyun-Joo is dealing successfully with which psychological task?
A) industry versus inferiority
B) identity versus confusion
C) intimacy versus isolation
D) generativity versus stagnation
41 INCORRECT
Stage theories of adult development have been criticized for:
A) having a female bias.
B) not adequately addressing women's concerns about relationships.
C) placing too much importance on childbearing and child rearing.
D) not adequately addressing how men balance career and family.
42 CORRECT
Regarding age changes in personality, Bernice Neugarten in the Kansas City Study found that:
A) personality remains fairly constant, but age changes do exist.
B) significant gender differences in personality were present, but mostly at younger ages.
C) neurosis increases with age, but social inhibitions in personality decline.
D) depression increases with age, but only in the personality of elderly who are widowed.
What term is used to describe all of the characteristics of a person?
A) Self
B) Self-concept
C) Identity
D) Personality
2 INCORRECT
Researchers study the self-understanding of infants by:
A) questioning parents.
B) observing infants during play.
C) presenting infants with images of themselves.
D) observing infants when they are alone in a room.
3 INCORRECT
Preschoolers most often describe themselves in terms of their:
A) thoughts.
B) concrete features.
C) emotions.
D) relationships to other people.
4 CORRECT
Lauren is 4 years old. What would Lauren most likely say if you asked her to describe who she is?
A) "I am quiet, nice, and friendly."
B) "I have brown hair, and I have a bicycle."
C) "I like preschool, especially reading, and I am good in art."
D) "I am the daughter of Sam and Renee and the sister of William."
5 INCORRECT
Jay is a third grader and has been asked by his teacher to describe himself. What is the most likely description Jay will give?
A) "I have a sister."
B) "I have blue eyes."
C) "I am funny."
D) "I am tall."
6 CORRECT
The ability to understand another person's thoughts and feelings is known as:
A) self-awareness.
B) perspective taking.
C) self-control.
D) social comparison.
7 INCORRECT
Fourteen year-old Brenda hopes to be a psychologist when she grows up and hopes she will not end up unemployed and alone. Brenda's hopes represent her:
A) ideal self.
B) ought self.
C) possible self.
D) realistic self.
8 CORRECT
In terms of self-understanding, children in late childhood are more likely than children in early childhood to:
A) compare themselves to their peers.
B) compare themselves to role models.
C) use physical characteristics to describe themselves.
D) use outer states to describe themselves.
9 INCORRECT
The adolescent's self-understanding:
A) is stable across time.
B) is characterized by stability.
C) is not important to them.
D) fluctuates across situations.
10 CORRECT
Self-awareness is:
A) the same as self-image.
B) knowing one's psychological makeup.
C) knowing what one would like to become.
D) the ability to control one's behavior.
11 CORRECT
Domain-specific evaluations of the self are referred to as:
A) self-concept.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-awareness.
D) self-control.
12 INCORRECT
Older adults often look back and evaluate their lives. This form of retrospection is what many theorists call:
A) self-regulation.
B) identity resolution.
C) integrity formation.
D) life review.
13 INCORRECT
Angela has been told that she is high in self-regulation. If this is true, we would expect Angela to:
A) go in for therapy.
B) achieve her goals.
C) rely on others for help to control her behavior.
D) be rigid and inflexible.
14 INCORRECT
Reminiscence therapy has been found to have all of the following effects EXCEPT:
A) decreasing loneliness.
B) decreasing depression.
C) increasing life satisfaction.
D) increasing self-esteem.
15 INCORRECT
Peter and Lynette want to help their daughter develop high self-esteem. They should teach her to:
A) turn to adults for help when faced with a problem.
B) ignore problems.
C) cope with problems.
D) turn her problems over to someone who is more advanced at problem solving. 16 INCORRECT
With regard to successful self-regulation in aging, _____ suggests that it is possible to maintain performance in some areas through continued practice and the use of new technologies.
A) selection
B) compensation
C) optimization
D) adaptation
17 INCORRECT
According to Vaillant (2002), _____ is most strongly related to whether individual will have an enduring happy marriage at 75 or 80 years of age?
A) intimacy
B) identity
C) generativity
D) attachment
18 INCORRECT
Erikson's term for the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy is:
A) identity confusion.
B) social insecurity.
C) identity resolution.
D) psychosocial moratorium.
19 INCORRECT
According to the contemporary view of identity development, your sense of identity is determined:
by attachment during infancy. A)
B) by your choice of lifestyle.
C) by resolving the identity crisis during adolescence.
D) during infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
20 INCORRECT
The adolescent identity crisis refers to a period:
A) of confusion during which youth are choosing between attachment and autonomy.
B) when adolescents are actively making decisions about who they want to be.
C) when adolescents actively avoid commitment to ideas or occupations.
D) of intense turmoil and stress that lasts a short time and determines an adolescent's identity status. 21 UNANSWERED
The term that James Marcia uses to refer to the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in what they are going to do is:
A) value.
B) desire.
C) commitment.
D) involvement.
22 INCORRECT
Ramona's parents have decided that she will enroll in the state college near their hometown. Ramona has not given much thought to the issue and will probably do what they advise. According to psychologist James Marcia, accepting her parents' advice will put Ramona into:
A) identity diffusion.
B) identity foreclosure.
C) identity moratorium.
D) identity achievement.
23 INCORRECT
Rachel considered attending a technical college, but also wondered about the value of getting a bachelor's degree from a university. She finally decided to attend the technical college but still wonders if her choice was correct. According to James Marcia, Rachel is in a state of:
A) identity diffusion.
B) identity foreclosure.
C) identity moratorium.
D) identity achievement.
24 INCORRECT
Autocratic parents are most likely to have adolescents experiencing identity:
A) achievement.
B) moratorium.
C) foreclosure.
D) diffusion.
25 INCORRECT
The MAMA cycle consists of:
A) monitoring-adaptation-monitoring-assimilation.
B) moratorium-achievement-moratorium-achievement.
C) monitoring-acting-monitoring-acting.
D) moratorium-awareness-moratorium-awareness.
26 INCORRECT
Research has revealed that identity formation is enhanced by family relationships that are both:
A) individuated and connected.
B) flexible and accepting.
controlling and demanding. C)
D) relaxed and indifferent.
27 INCORRECT
Ethnic minority adolescents who chose biculturalism:
A) reject the mainstream.
B) adopt the values and standards of the majority White culture.
C) identify in some ways with their culture and in other ways with the dominant culture.
D) reject their own ethnic culture.
28 CORRECT
Which of the following is one of Costa and McCrae's "big five" personality traits?
A) Sensitivity
B) Masculinity/femininity
C) Aggression
D) Extraversion
29 INCORRECT
Evidence from an accumulation of studies indicates that the midlife crisis is:
A) a universal phenomenon.
B) experienced by most individuals, but not all.
C) dependent on the cohort that is currently middle-aged.
D) exaggerated.
30 INCORRECT
When examining all of the research on stability and change in personality during the adult years, it is apparent that:
A) age is negatively related to stability.
B) personality traits become fixed at a certain age in adulthood.
C) most change in personality traits happen from 20 to 40 years of age.
D) people show less stability in their personality when they reach midlife.
_______ is the ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from experience.
A) Intelligence
B) Wisdom
C) Creativity
D) Adaptability
2 INCORRECT
The intelligence test developed by Binet and Simon (1904) was designed to:
A) measure the intelligence quotient of adults and children.
B) identify gifted children.
C) predict which high school students would be successful in college.
D) determine which school children were likely to be slow learners. 3 INCORRECT
Sally's mental age is 12, while her chronological age is 10. Sally's intelligence quotient is:
A) 75.
B) 120.
C) 100.
D) 108.
4 CORRECT
When test scores are normally distributed around the average score, it means that:
A) most people score in the average range and few people score very high or very low.
B) there are equal numbers of low, average, and high scores.
C) scores obtained on repeated testings are fairly consistent.
D) the test is a good measure of the trait that it is supposed to be measuring. 5 INCORRECT
When compared to the Binet intelligence test, the Wechsler test offers the advantage of:
A) an overall IQ score.
B) both verbal and nonverbal scores.
C) scores in four different content areas.
D) being suitable for testing both children and adults. 6 INCORRECT
In Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence, "g" refers to:
A) goal orientation.
B) general intelligence.
C) giftedness.
D) global intelligence.
7 INCORRECT
A statistical procedure that correlates test scores to identify underlying clusters is called a(n):
A) bell curve.
B) t-test.
C) factor analysis.
D) anova.
8 CORRECT
Sternberg's triarchic theory and Gardner's theory of intelligence both emphasize that:
A) intelligence is a general ability.
B) there are three types of intelligence.
C) intelligence consists of several specific abilities.
D) there are separate information-processing components of intelligence. 9 INCORRECT
Indira grew up in poverty and first learned to care for herself and her younger brother by selling newspapers and developing "street smarts." Although she never went to school, she has become successful in business. In terms of Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory, which type of intelligence does Indira have?
A) analytical
B) creative
C) practical
D) abstract
10 CORRECT
Juan is an architect. According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which type of intelligence does Juan have?
A) spatial
B) mathematical
C) kinesthetic
D) naturalist
11 INCORRECT
Howard Gardner has developed _______ types of intelligence.
A) 4
6 B)
C) 8
D) 10
12 INCORRECT
According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences:
A) most types of intelligence cannot be destroyed by brain damage.
B) individuals who are gifted excel in at least five types of intelligence.
C) individuals who are mentally retarded have only one or two types of intelligence.
D) everyone has all types of intelligence.
13 INCORRECT
Which of the following tests requires individuals to solve practical everyday problems?
A) Standard-Binet
B) Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test
C) Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale
D) Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children
14 INCORRECT
A heritability index of .80 indicates:
A) no significant genetic influence.
B) that nurture is more influential than nature.
C) a strong genetic influence.
D) a moderate genetic influence.
15 CORRECT
A performance standard for an IQ test is called a:
A) norm.
B) scale.
C) percentile.
D) score.
16 INCORRECT
The Abecedarian Intervention program has demonstrated that:
A) environment can have a powerful influence on intelligence.
B) despite the best interventions children cannot surpass their parents' IQs.
C) the early intellectual gains of children in the program could not be sustained.
D) children with IQs below 70 do not benefit from early intervention programs. 17 INCORRECT
Early IQ tests favored all of the following except:
A) White Americans.
B) middle-income people.
C) people from urban environments.
D) people who are gifted.
18 INCORRECT
When scores on an intelligence test predict performance in school, the test is said to have:
A) high predictive norms.
B) high predictive validity.
C) high predictive significance.
D) high predictive reliability.
19 INCORRECT
Jarod is an adolescent African American. When taking an intelligence test, he is anxious about possibly confirming the old stereotype that Blacks are "intellectually inferior". He is displaying the effects of:
A) IQ bias.
B) stereotype threat.
C) discrimination.
D) culture anxiety.
20 CORRECT
The Gesell test used to assess normal and abnormal infants has four categories of behavior. The four categories are:
A) motor, verbal, language, and adaptive.
B) adaptive, language, verbal, and personal- social.
C) language, adaptive, personal-social, and motor.
D) verbal, personal-social, motor, and adaptive.
21 INCORRECT
Which assessment tool has a mental scale, a motor scale, and an infant behavior profile?
A) Apgar Scale
B) Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
C) Gesell Test
D) Bayley Scales of Infant Development
22 CORRECT
Fluid intelligence is the ability to:
A) reason abstractly.
B) memorize information quickly.
C) adapt to new ways of thinking.
D) use language skillfully.
23 CORRECT
According to John Horn, in middle age:
A) crystallized intelligence increases, while fluid intelligence begins to decline.
B) fluid intelligence increases, while crystallized intelligence begins to decline.
C) both crystallized and fluid intelligence increase.
D) both crystallized and fluid intelligence begin to decline. 24 CORRECT
Data from the Seattle Longitudinal Study has shown that the highest level of functioning for four of the six intellectual abilities tested occurred in:
A) late adolescence.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) late adulthood.
25 INCORRECT
The research on wisdom suggests that:
A) wisdom is generated from strong cognitive mechanics.
B) wisdom emerges in old age.
C) wisdom is gained through the accumulation of factual knowledge.
D) personality-related factors are better predictors of wisdom than cognitive factors. 26 CORRECT
Organic retardation is caused by:
A) physical damage to brain tissues.
B) being raised by poorly educated parents.
C) an impoverished intellectual environment.
D) traumatic experiences in early childhood.
27 CORRECT
Everett, a 10-year-old boy, has an IQ of 48 on the Stanford-Binet intelligence test and he has difficulty adapting in his everyday life, but his teachers expect he may be able to support himself as an adult through some type of labor. He would be classified as:
A) mildly retarded.
B) moderately retarded.
C) severely retarded.
D) profoundly retarded.
28 INCORRECT
Hyun-Joo is asked to come up with as many possible uses of a paper clip as possible. This task requires her to use:
A) verbal comprehension.
B) convergent thinking.
C) divergent thinking.
D) critical thinking.
29 INCORRECT
The step in the creative process which often covers the longest span of time and requires the hardest work is:
A) incubation.
B) insight.
C) preparation.
elaboration. D) 30 CORRECT
Researchers have found that the age at which creativity declines:
A) is most often in the third decade of life.
B) varies with the domain involved.
C) is younger in males than females.
D) is usually after the age of eighty. Which of the following brain areas does not appear to be involved in ADHD?
A) the frontal lobe
B) the occipital lobe
C) the caudate nucleus
D) the corpus callosum
2 INCORRECT
Which of the following statements about attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is false?
A) Fewer than 10 percent of children develop ADHD.
B) For two-thirds of children, ADHD continues into adolescence.
C) A large number of adults with a history of underachievement and poor relationships have been found to have had undiagnosed ADHD as children.
D) Boys are three times more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD than are girls.
3 CORRECT
Which of the following has not been found to predispose children to ADHD?
A) premature delivery
B) consumption of large amounts of sugar
C) maternal nicotine consumption
D) exposure to high concentrations of lead
4 UNANSWERED
In studies examining the biology of conduct disorder and aggression, children with conduct disorder have been found to exhibit all of the following except
A) neurological deficits.
B) a genetic history of antisocial behavior among their first- degree relatives.
C) higher levels of adrenaline.
D) difficult temperaments as infants.
5 INCORRECT
Which of the following drugs has not been found to be useful in reducing aggressive behavior?
A) stimulants
B) lithium
C) neuroleptics
D) barbiturates
6 INCORRECT
Which of the following is not a symptom of separation anxiety disorder?
A) persistent and excessive worry about harm or loss of a caregiver
B) excessive fearfulness about being alone
C) repeated nightmares involving themes of separation
D) excessive sleeping when caregivers are not present
7 INCORRECT
Reading disorder is also known as
A) receptive language disorder.
B) dyslexia.
C) phonological disorder.
D) disorder of reading comprehension.
8 INCORRECT
The children of parents with __________ are three times more likely to develop separation anxiety disorder than are children of parents without the disorder.
A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) post-traumatic stress disorder
C) social phobia
D) panic disorder
9 CORRECT
Children who can acquire very simple vocational skills with special education, who do not achieve beyond the second grade in academic skills, and who have IQ scores between 35 and 50, are characterized as _____________ mentally retarded.
A) moderately
B) mildly
C) profoundly
D) severely
10 CORRECT
Which of the following childhood diseases resembles Alzheimer's disease in that both are characterized by the presence of plaques and tangles in the brain as well as memory loss and an inability to care for oneself?
A) phenylketonuria
B) fragile X syndrome
C) trisomy 21
D) fetal alcohol syndrome
11 INCORRECT
Which of the following childhood diseases is the most common cause of mental retardation?
A) trisomy 21
B) fragile X syndrome
C) trisomy 18
D) phenylketonuria
12 INCORRECT
In the general population, which factor is the most common cause of mental retardation?
A) hereditary factors
B) acquired childhood diseases/infections
C) environmental influences and other mental disorders
D) unknown factors
13 INCORRECT
The most salient impairments seen in autism is/are impaired
A) communication skills.
B) cognitive skills.
C) motor development.
D) social interaction.
14 INCORRECT
The best predictors of outcome in autism are
A) the child's IQ and language development before age 6.
B) the child's capacity to reach developmental milestones on time.
C) the child's capacity for nonverbal communication.
D) the quality of parenting the child receives.
15 UNANSWERED
Which of the following appears to be a contributing factor to autism?
A) a "refrigerator" mother
B) deficits in theory of mind
C) atrophy of the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes
D) abnormal levels of norepinephrine
16 INCORRECT
All of the following are classified as pervasive developmental disorders except:
A) Autism.
B) Asperger's disorder.
C) Selective mutism.
D) Childhood disintegrative disorder.
17 INCORRECT
The symptoms of ADHD fall into all of the following categories except:
A) Inattention.
B) Defiance.
C) Impulsivity.
D) Hyperactivity.
18 INCORRECT
Boys are more likely than girls to develop all of the following except:
A) Separation anxiety disorder.
B) Encopresis.
C) ADHD.
D) Autism.
19 INCORRECT
All of the following are associated with conduct and oppositional defiant disorder except:
A) Lower levels of adrenaline.
B) ADHD.
C) Maternal exposure to toxins during pregnancy.
D) Living in a rural area.
20 INCORRECT
Children with _____ mental retardation have very limited vocabularies, speak in two-to-three-word sentences, and have IQ scores between 20 and 35.
A) mild
B) moderate
C) severe
D) profound
Autism is characterized by
poor social interactions.
unusual behavior patterns.
impaired communication skills.
all of the above
Autism spectral disorders (ASD) are associated with other medical conditions such as
pituitary tumors.
fragile X syndrome.
AIDS.
type 1 diabetes.
A unique characteristic of Asperger syndrome is that
they might be intellectually gifted in a certain area.
they have poor motor skills.
they have impaired communication skills.
they have poor social skills.
Some of the symptoms of autism spectral disorder include
an inability to share and take turns.
a tendency to say whatever is on their mind, regardless of whether it is appropriate or not.
an inability to engage in the give-and-take of normal social conversation.
all of the above.
The diagnostic checklist for diagnosing autism in children aged 16 - 48 months is
MCHAT.
CHAT.
GADS.
CAST.
Which of the following is a screening tool for differentiating between Asperger Syndrome and general autism?
CAST
MCHAT
CHAT
GADS
The rate of recurrence of autism in siblings of autistic individuals is ___________than that of the general population.
70 - 90 times greater
20 - 50 times less
10 - 20 times less
10 - 60 times greater
Prenatal exposure to ________ is thought to be associated with developing autism.
thalidomide
alcohol
risperodone
folic acid
Which component of certain vaccinations is hypothesized to contribute to autism?
thalidomide
risperodone
thirmerosol
gluten
In general, the prognosis for a child with autism would be improved if they are diagnosed before _____ years of age.
7
10
3
5
Autism is characterized by Your Answer: impaired communication skills. Correct Answer: all of the above
Autism is a disorder characterized by impaired communication skills, unusual behavior patterns, and poor social interactions.
2. Autism spectral disorders (ASD) are associated with other medical conditions such as Your Answer: pituitary tumors. Correct Answer: fragile X syndrome.
ASD is associated with other medical conditions such as fragile X syndrome and untreated phenylketonuria.
3. A unique characteristic of Asperger syndrome is that Your Answer: they might be intellectually gifted in a certain area.
4. Some of the symptoms of autism spectral disorder include Your Answer: a tendency to say whatever is on their mind, regardless of whether it is appropriate or not.
Correct Answer: all of the above.
Those with autism spectral disorders have a variety of impaired social and communication skills. These include: an inability to share and take turns, an inability to engage in normal give-and- take of conversation, and a tendency to blurt out whatever is on their mind regardless of whether it is inappropriate or not.
5. The diagnostic checklist for diagnosing autism in children aged 16 - 48 months is Your Answer: CHAT.
Correct Answer: MCHAT.
The diagnostic checklist for diagnosing autism in children aged 16 - 48 months is MCHAT.
6. Which of the following is a screening tool for differentiating between Asperger Syndrome and general autism? Your Answer: GADS
7. The rate of recurrence of autism in siblings of autistic individuals is ___________than that of the general population. Your Answer: 70 - 90 times greater
Correct Answer: 10 - 60 times greater
The rate of recurrence of autism in siblings of autistic individuals is 10 - 60 times greater than in the general population indicating a strong genetic predisposition.
8. Prenatal exposure to ________ is thought to be associated with developing autism. Your Answer: risperodone Correct Answer: thalidomide Prenatal exposure to the drug thalidomide caused severe birth defects and is also associated with increased risk for developing autism.
9. Which component of certain vaccinations is hypothesized to contribute to autism? Your Answer: thalidomide Correct Answer: thirmerosol
The mercury-containing compound thimerosol found in some vaccines is hypothesized to contribute to autism.
10. In general, the prognosis for a child with autism would be improved if they are diagnosed before _____ years of age. Your Answer: 3
Home Chapter 7 Self-Assessment Multiple Choice Questions
Multiple Choice Questions
This activity contains 20 questions.
An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; an inability to build satisfactory relationships; inappropriate types of behavior or feelings; a general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression; and a
tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems are characteristics of which of the following?
Behavioral disorder
Emotional disturbance
Learning disability
Mental retardation
Anxiety disorder, mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and schizophrenia are all types of which of the following?
Behavioral or emotional disorder
Juvenile delinquency
Learning disability
Mental retardation
____________________ includes phobia, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post- traumatic stress disorder.
Anxiety disorder
Conduct disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Mood disorder
________________ involves an extreme deviation in either a depressed or an elevated direction or
sometimes in both directions at the same time.
Anxiety disorder
Conduct disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Mood disorder
__________________ causes patterns of negativistic, hostile, disobedient, and defiant behaviors.
Anxiety disorder
Conduct disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Mood disorder
_________________ consists of a persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that significantly interferes with others' rights or with schools' and communities behavioral expectations.
Anxiety disorder
Conduct disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder
Mood disorder
Behaviors that are persistently aggressive or involve acting-out and noncompliant behaviors are ______________________ behaviors.
Externalizing
Internalizing
Defiant
Antisocial
_________________ behaviors include withdrawal, depression, anxiety, obsessions, and compulsions.
Externalizing
Internalizing
Defiant
Antisocial
Students with emotional or behavioral disorders may be gifted or have mental retardation, but most have IQs in the _____________________ range.
Above average
Well below average
Low average
Middle
A student who lives in ________________ is more likely to develop emotional or behavioral disorders.
Poverty
The city
The suburbs
An apartment
Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse are specific types of which of the following?
Conduct disorders
Child maltreatment
Behavior disorders
Antisocial behavior
The Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale allows educators to be more ______________________ when working with students.
Deficit-oriented
Informed
Educated
Strength-oriented
A family-driven, collaborative, individualized, culturally competent, and community- and strengths-based program is which of the following?
Special education
Community awareness
Wraparound
Extracurricular
Helping students learn how to define self- management; learn the relationship among antecedents, behaviors, and consequences; and discuss how to respond appropriately is which of the following?
Peer-assisted self-management
An IEP
A transition program
Wraparound
Specific reasons why students drop out of school include which of the following?
Lack of parental support for education
Problematic home lives
Student work schedule
All of these
A student advisory program, establishing and involving students in extracurricular activities, monitoring risk factors, developing schools within schools, engaging in community-based learning, and providing vocational education are all interventions for which of the following?
Successful transitions
Better grades
Reducing dropout rates
Reducing behaviors
Beginning early and using all tools available are suggestions for ________________________.
Transition programs
Reducing behaviors
Service learning
Early intervention
A method for students to develop newly acquired skills by active participation and structured reflection in organized opportunities to meet community needs is which of the following?
Transition programs
Reducing behaviors
Service learning
Early intervention
The benefits of conflict-resolution instruction include which of the following?
Providing a framework for resolving conflicts
Giving students opportunities to assume responsibility for behavior
Increasing instructional time
All of these
Conflicts usually originate because of three major issues: resources, needs, or __________________.
Diversity
Goals
Anger
Behavior disorders
An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; an inability to build satisfactory relationships; inappropriate types of behavior or feelings; a general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression; and a tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems are characteristics of which of the following? Your Answer: (blank)
2. Anxiety disorder, mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and schizophrenia are all types of which of the following? Your Answer: Juvenile delinquency Correct Answer: Behavioral or emotional disorder
Anxiety disorder, mood disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and schizophrenia are all types of behavioral or emotional disorders.
3. ____________________ includes phobia, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Your Answer: (blank)
4. ________________ involves an extreme deviation in either a depressed or an elevated direction or sometimes in both directions at the same time. Your Answer: Anxiety disorder Correct Answer: Mood disorder
Mood disorder involves an extreme deviation in either a depressed or an elevated direction or sometimes in both directions at the same time.
5. __________________ causes patterns of negativistic, hostile, disobedient, and defiant behaviors. Your Answer: Anxiety disorder Correct Answer: Oppositional defiant disorder
Oppositional defiant disorder causes patterns of negativistic, hostile, disobedient, and defiant behaviors.
6. _________________ consists of a persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that significantly interferes with others' rights or with schools' and communities behavioral expectations. Your Answer: (blank)
7. Behaviors that are persistently aggressive or involve acting- out and noncompliant behaviors are ______________________ behaviors. Your Answer: Internalizing
Correct Answer: Externalizing Behaviors that are persistently aggressive or involve acting- out and noncompliant behaviors are externalizing behaviors.
8. _________________ behaviors include withdrawal, depression, anxiety, obsessions, and compulsions. Your Answer: Externalizing Correct Answer: Internalizing
Internalizing behaviors include withdrawal, depression, anxiety, obsessions, and compulsions.
9. Students with emotional or behavioral disorders may be gifted or have mental retardation, but most have IQs in the _____________________ range. Your Answer: (blank)
10. A student who lives in ________________ is more likely to develop emotional or behavioral disorders. Your Answer: Poverty
11. Neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse are specific types of which of the following? Your Answer: Child maltreatment
12. The Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale allows educators to be more ______________________ when working with students. Your Answer: Deficit- oriented Correct Answer: Strength- oriented
The Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale allows educators to be more strength-oriented when working with students.
13. A family-driven, collaborative, individualized, culturally competent, and community- and strengths-based program is which of the following? Your Answer: Wraparound
14. Helping students learn how to define self-management; learn the relationship among antecedents, behaviors, and consequences; and discuss how to respond appropriately is which of the following? Your Answer: Peer-assisted self- management
15. Specific reasons why students drop out of school include which of the following? Your Answer: Student work schedule Correct Answer: All of these
Specific reasons why students drop out of school include lack of parental support for education, problematic home lives, student work schedules, substance abuse, frequent discipline problems, student pregnancy, peer pressure to leave school, and frequent moves between schools.
16. A student advisory program, establishing and involving students in extracurricular activities, monitoring risk factors, developing schools within schools, engaging in community-based learning, and providing vocational education are all interventions for which of the following? Your Answer: Successful transitions Correct Answer: Reducing dropout rates
A student advisory program, establishing and involving students in extracurricular activities, monitoring risk factors, developing schools within schools, engaging in community-based learning, and providing vocational education are all interventions for reducing dropout rates.
17. Beginning early and using all tools available are suggestions for ________________________. Your Answer: Transition programs Correct Answer: Early intervention
Beginning early and using all tools available are suggestions for early intervention.
18. A method for students to develop newly acquired skills by active participation and structured reflection in organized opportunities to meet community needs is which of the following? Your Answer: Service learning
19. The benefits of conflict- resolution instruction include which of the following? Your Answer: All of these
20. Conflicts usually originate because of three major issues: resources, needs, or __________________. Your Answer: Diversity
Correct Answer: Goals
Conflicts usually originate because of three major issues: resources, needs, or goals.
Which of the following scenarios would best be explained by the prototype model of concept structures?
A) determining whether something is a car if it has four wheels
B) determining whether something is a fish if it swims in the water
C) determining whether something is a flower if it is similar to a rose
D) determining whether something is a cat if it can run
2 CORRECT
In comparing a computer to the human brain, the computer's hardware is like _____ and the computer's software is like _____.
A) cognition, the brain
B) the brain, cognition
C) sensation, perception
D) perception, sensation
3 CORRECT
Rose believes that being involved in a plane crash is more likely than being involved in an automobile crash. Which of the following errors has Rose made?
A) confirmation bias
B) hindsight bias
C) fundamental attribution error
D) availability heuristic
4 CORRECT
Focusing on information that supports your beliefs and discounting information that contradicts your beliefs is an example of
A) confirmation bias.
B) hindsight bias.
C) the fundamental attribution error.
D) the availability heuristic.
5 CORRECT
Trying the same technique repeatedly to solve a problem is called
A) subgoaling.
B) heuristics.
C) deductive reasoning.
D) fixation.
6 CORRECT
Which of the following are characteristic of creative thinkers?
A) inner motivation
B) functional fixedness
C) fixation
D) availability heuristic
7 INCORRECT
In order to develop _____ for a test, the test should be given to a large, representative group of people of various ages, races, sexes, and geographic locations.
A) validity
B) reliability
C) norms
D) mental age
8 INCORRECT
If an adult is 20 years old and her mental age is 30, what is her IQ?
A) 15
B) 67
C) 100
D) 150
9 INCORRECT
If an intelligence test asks questions that would more likely be familiar to a person living in a city than to a person living in the country, the test is
A) reliable.
B) valid.
C) culturally biased.
D) unstandardized.
10 INCORRECT
A person diagnosed as mentally retarded as a child is able to function within society as an adult. What type of mental retardation does this person likely have?
A) organic retardation
B) pervasive mental retardation
C) extensive mental relation
D) cultural-familial retardation
11 UNANSWERED
What type of intelligence would likely be strongest for an engineer who designs bridges?
A) verbal
B) naturalist
C) bodily-kinesthetic
D) spatial
12 INCORRECT
According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, what type of intelligence would be needed to calculate a mathematical problem?
A) practical
B) mathematical
C) creative
analytical D) 13 INCORRECT
Consider the word driving. The d sound is known as a _____, while the suffix -ing is known as a _____.
A) morpheme, phoneme
B) phoneme, morpheme
C) semantic, syntax
D) syntax, semantic
14 CORRECT
Which of the following statements is supported by the theories of Benjamin Whorf?
A) Intelligence is multifaceted and people have different levels of each type of intelligence.
B) The more words an individual has to describe an object or event, the easier it will be for him or her to think about it.
C) Standardized intelligence tests tend to be culturally biased.
D) Individuals determine whether an object is part of a category by comparing it to an object typical of that category. 15 CORRECT
The sentence, "The tablecloth asked her dog to type the dishes," contains
A) correct syntax but incorrect semantics.
B) correct semantics but incorrect syntax.
C) morphemes but not phonemes.
D) phonemes but not morphemes.
16 INCORRECT
Noam Chomsky's assertion that humans are designed for language acquisition is supported by which of the following?
A) All humans speak.
B) Language rules are similar from culture to culture.
C) Children from different cultures develop language at about the same age and in the same order.
D) Parents from all cultures speak to their infants.
17 INCORRECT
A college student and a billionaire both lose a $100 bill. The student is stressed by this event, but the billionaire is not. These two individuals are in the _____ stage of the stress and coping process.
A) primary appraisal
B) secondary appraisal
C) emotion-focused coping
D) problem-focused coping
18 INCORRECT
A student has an exam in the morning and is quite stressed about how he will perform. The night before, he attempts to lessen his stress by drinking many beers. In what type of coping is the student engaging?
A) problem-focused
B) emotion-focused
C) primary appraisal
D) secondary appraisal
19 CORRECT
Which of the following would be an example of using approach coping to deal with an upcoming job interview?
A) exercise
B) praying
C) meditation
D) practicing possible interview questions
20 INCORRECT
How are experts different from novices?
A) Experts are more intelligent.
Experts are good at a range of activities, while novices are only good B) at one or two activities.
C) Experts use better problem-solving strategies than novices.
D) Experts tend to be older.
The affective domain refers to:
A) physiological factors.
B) academic development.
C) information processing.
D) attitudes and motivation. Feedback: Incorrect. Academic development is influenced by at least three factors: elements in the cognitive domain (information processing), elements in the physiological domain (biological factors), and elements in the affective domain (motivation, curiosity, etc.). 2 CORRECT
Kinesthetic learners learn best
A) by doing.
B) by hearing.
C) by using texts and watching videos.
D) in calm, quiet surroundings. Feedback: Correct! Kinesthetic refers to body motion, and these learners do best by doing -- by "hands-on" learning. 3 CORRECT
Someone who assumes responsibility for his or her performance on a test has
A) an internal locus of control.
B) an external locus of control.
C) a visual learning style.
an under developed emotional intelligence. D) Feedback: Correct! Someone who assumes responsibility for his or her performance has an internal locus of control. 4 INCORRECT
Howard Gardner is closely associated with
A) the development of IQ tests.
B) multiple intelligences theory.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) moral intelligence. Feedback: Incorrect. Moral intelligence and development is associated with others, including Kohlberg and Gilligan. 5 INCORRECT
According to Howard Gardner, intelligence is
A) best measured with a standardized test such as the Stanford-Binet.
B) best developed through biofeedback.
C) valued in different cultures.
D) best tested with the "marshmallow experiment." Feedback: Incorrect. Gardner supports the use of authentic assessment, not standardized testing. 6 INCORRECT
The name most closely associated with EQ, or emotional intelligence theory, is
A) Howard Gardner.
B) James Banks.
C) Daniel Goleman.
D) Mary Budd Rowe. Feedback: Incorrect. Howard Gardner developed multiple intelligences theory. 7 INCORRECT
The greatest immigration surge in U.S. history occurred
A) just prior to the Civil War.
B) at the beginning of the twentieth century.
C) in the post-WWII decade.
D) at the close of the twentieth century. Feedback: Incorrect. The greatest immigration surge occurred at the close of the twentieth century. 8 CORRECT
Demographers say the next generation will produce a U.S. student body more diverse than ever. How will teachers experience this change?
A) Teachers in some areas may see little change in their own classrooms and schools, in terms of their own students.
B) Teachers will continue to prepare all their students to live, learn, and work within our European roots.
C) Schools will find their resources increased to adequately meet the needs of students with limited English proficiency.
D) Demographers now believe that it is likely that a greater number of Europeans will migrate to the U.S. during the next decade, bringing more "balance" to the immigration patterns. Feedback: Correct! While the national picture will reflect greater diversity, the changes will not occur in all parts of the nation, impacting some communities in very significant ways and other communities hardly at all. 9 INCORRECT
Which of the following is a recommended approach to teaching a culturally diverse group of learners?
A) Help your students more easily fit into the American society by creating common and familiar American sounding names and nicknames for them.
B) Help Americanize your students by immersing them in American ways of learning in the classroom: Promote competition as a way to increase achievement; offer praise and criticism in front of the group, rather than in private; and reinforce the curriculum with readings from western classics.
C) Recognize that generalizations about groups are destructive, and treat all students in the same way.
D) Build on individual learning styles: Give your students a learning style assessment (or observe them doing their work) and then adapt your instruction accordingly. Feedback: Incorrect. These suggestions are not responsive to the needs of culturally diverse learners. For some cultural groups, cooperation will be more effective than competition in raising achievement. Learners from some cultures may not respond well to being either praised or criticized in public. And learners from other cultures are likely to learn best when the curriculum does not shut their heritage out. 10 INCORRECT
A key figure associated with multicultural education is
A) James Banks.
B) Carol Gilligan.
C) Howard Gardner.
D) Mary Budd Rowe. Feedback: Incorrect. Howard Gardner developed the theory of multiple intelligences. 11 CORRECT
Four approaches to multicultural education are
A) contributions, additive, transformation, social action.
B) immersion, submersion, transformation, maintenance.
C) cognitive, affective, physiological, psychological.
When Carlos Ovando was a struggling student, his family moved him to a new school. In this new school, his outlook on life and his academic success underwent enormous, positive change because
A) his new school immersed him in English, and he knew that he had to learn this new language.
B) his new principal realized that English Language Learners like Carlos needed a strict set of rules in order to function well.
C) his new teacher honored his language and his culture as assets, not deficits.
D) his new community spoke mostly Spanish, and he felt at home once again. Feedback: No. The connection between Carlos and his teacher was not about rules. 13 INCORRECT
In Lau v. Nichols, the Supreme Court held that
A) maintenance programs are unconstitutional.
B) an Individualized Education Program must be written for bilingual students.
C) teaching students in a language they did not understand was not an appropriate education.
D) school districts cannot prevent gifted students from accelerating through grades. Feedback: Incorrect;. CHRIS Repeating the right answer each time does not work for me. Can we refer to why each distractor is not correct? Such as "Maintenance refers to programs emphasize the importance designes toof keepinging the native language while learning English. The Lau decision ruled that teaching students in a language they did not understand wasunconstituional. unconstitutional. unconstitutional. Maintenance programs would not be unconstitutional; "submersion" would be." etcLau v. Nichols ruled that teaching students in a language they did not understand was not an appropriate education. 14 CORRECT
An IEP is an
A) Individually Educated Pupil.
B) Individualized Education Program.
C) Interim Evaluation Plan.
D) Independent Education Proposal. Feedback: Correct! An IEP is an Individualized Education Program. 15 INCORRECT
Which of the following is an accurate statement about gender and computer use?
A) Males and females use computers in equal number.
B) Males use computers more frequently than females in elementary school, but females catch up by secondary school.
C) Females use computers as often as males in the elementary grades, but their usage declines thereafter in the middle and secondary grades.
D) No research has been done on male-female differences in computer usage.
Ashley is trying to learn how to spell the word practical. She repeats p-r-a- c-t-i-c-a-l to herself several times until she can spell the word. What memory strategy is she using?
A) elaboration
B) organization
C) mnemonics
D) rehearsal
Feedback: p. 185
2 INCORRECT
Roshan is studying for a history test. He groups together events that occurred in close proximity to one another and studies them in that manner. What memory strategy is he using?
A) elaboration
B) organization
C) mnemonics
D) rehearsal
Feedback: p. 185
3 CORRECT
Monica is studying for a history test also. She relates information in the chapter on which she is to be tested to information she has already mastered. She also summarizes the main ideas of each section in the chapter. What memory strategy is she using?
A) elaboration
B) organization
C) mnemonics
D) rehearsal
Feedback: p. 185
4 INCORRECT
Mrs. Kim has given her students a multiple choice test on vocabulary words they are to have learned this week. What type of memory task is this?
A) elaboration
B) recall
C) recognition
D) organization
Feedback: p. 186
5 INCORRECT
Mrs. Eckman has given her students a test over vocabulary words they are to have learned this week. She states the word and students write down the definition. What type of memory task is this?
A) elaboration
B) recall
C) recognition
D) organization
Feedback: p. 186
6 INCORRECT
Which of the following is NOT a developmental difference in retrieval strategies cited in your text?
A) Older children tend to be more exhaustive in their memory searches.
B) Older children tend to be more systematic in their memory searches than younger children are.
C) Younger children may give up a memory search after only a few items are retrieved
D) Younger children may give up a memory search after only a few items are retrieved
Feedback: p. 186
7 INCORRECT
Which of the following statements about metacognition is false?
A) Much of a child's knowledge about cognition is acquired between the ages of 5 and 10
B) Younger children are more efficient at metacognition than older children.
C) Children use metacognitive knowledge to choose effective memory and learning strategies.
D) Older children are more likely than younger children to view their memory capabilities as limited.
8 INCORRECT
If an 8-year-old child has a mental age of 8, what is his/her IQ score?
A) 85
B) 100
C) 105
D) 120
Feedback: p. 197
9 INCORRECT
Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with general intelligence or g?
A) Gardner
B) Guilford
C) Sternberg
D) Terman
Feedback: p. 198
10 INCORRECT
Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with the triarchic theory of intelligence?
A) Gardner
B) Guilford
C) Sternberg
D) Terman
Feedback: p. 201
11 CORRECT
Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with the theory of multiple intelligences?
A) Gardner
B) Guilford
C) Sternberg
D) Terman
Feedback: p. 201
12 INCORRECT
Jamal is very good at playing three-dimensional video games. According to Gardner, Jamal is most likely high in what type of intelligence?
A) logical-mathematical
B) linguistic
C) spatial
D) naturalistic
Feedback: p. 201
13 CORRECT
Seung is an attractive, happy child. This happiness tends to elicit positive responses from those around her. This is an example of which of the following?
A) evocative gene-environment effect
B) niche-picking gene-environment effect
C) passive gene-environment effect
D) none of the above
Feedback: p. 206
14 INCORRECT
Which of the following is one of the major shortcomings of research on racial and ethnic differences in cognitive abilities?
A) Most research subjects are of the same socio-economic status.
B) Most of this research fails to examine differences within ethnic groups
C) Most of this research involves first generation immigrants.
D) There are no major shortcomings of this research.
Feedback: p. 218, 219
15 CORRECT
Which of the following statements is not true regarding Asian American students?
A) Asian American students perform better in U.S. schools than African American and Hispanic American students because they do not experience discrimination.
B) The grade point averages of Asian American college-bound students is often higher than that of Anglo-Americans.
C) Asian American students' generally do well academically during the transition to junior higher school.
D) Asian Americans often value their academic success due to the influence of their parents.
Feedback: p. 217
16 INCORRECT
Which of the following is NOT true about tracking?
A) Low-ability classes are often taught by less experienced teachers.
B) Tracking determines which courses a student take in high school, which affects their eligibility for college.
C) In low-ability classes, there is a strong emphasis on higher-order thinking.
D) Most students placed in low-ability groups during elementary school remain there until high school.
Feedback: p. 219
17 CORRECT
Which of the following is a true statement about research regarding gender differences in cognitive ability?
A) Gender differences in students' cognitive abilities are less evident today than 20 years ago.
B) Males perform much better than females across all tests.
C) Females perform much better than males across all tests.
D) Males have better verbal skills than females, but do less well on tests of visual-spatial skills.