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cn

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518060

O151.2

Adding Rows and Columns to Augmented Matrix to Solving

Systems of Linear Equations
Chen Bihong
(Mathematics College, ShenZhen University,GuangDong ShenZhen 518060)
Abstract: To calculate the resolution set of a system of linear equations, usual manner is that write the
augmented matrix of the system at first, then do elementary matrix transformations, change it to
reduced row echelon form, then change back to system of linear equations, find all free variables, then
each time set some free variables to 1 and others to 0s, to get the fundamental systems of solutions of
the corresponding induced system of linear equations which is a homogeneous system of linear
equations, then let the all free variables equal to zero to get a particular solution of the original system.
But such a manner will meet difficult when some slowly thinking students are trained because the
complicate process after getting reduced row echelon form. In this paper a technology are put out that
adds rows and columns to the augmented matrix and finally generates the general solution in the matrix
and has universal property and easy to let students to understand and easy to get general solution by
programming, and it has been used in the items in calculating on line of the web station of home of
applied mathematics.
Keywords:matrix;linear algebra;linear space

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[2]

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(1955-). E-mail: cbhmath@hotmail.com

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1 0
6.

[4]
3

C#

x4 = 1
x1 2 x2 +

x1 2 x2 + x3 + 4 x4 = 1
x + 2 x + x + 2 x = 3
2
3
4
1
B:

1 2 0 1 1
B = 1 2 1 4 1

1 2 1 2 3
1
1 -1-1 1

1 2 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 1
B = 1 2 1 4 1 0 0 1 3 2

1 2 1 2 3 0 0 1 3 2
-1

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1 2 0 1 1
1 2 0 1 1
B 0 0 1 3 2

0 0 1 3 2

0 0 1 3 2

i i

1
0

2 1
B ()

1 2 0 1 1 0
1 2 0 1 1
B
0 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 3 2

0
0
1
3
2
0

1 2 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 2
B 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1

0 0 1 3 2 0 0 0 1 3 2 0

1
1 0 0 1 1 2
0
B 0 1 0 0 0 1
0
0 0 1 3 2 0
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

1 1
0 0
3 2
1 0

2
1
0
0

0
0
0

-1 -3

1
0
B
0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

1 1
0 0
3 2
1 0

2
1
0
0

0 1
0 0

0 0

1 0

0
1
0
0

0
0
1
0

0 1
0 0
0 2
1 0

2 1
1 0
=C
0 3

0 1

C(-1,0,2,0)T
(2,1,0,0)T (-1,0,-3,1)T
C

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x1 1
2
1
x 0
1
0
2

=
+k
+ k (k1,k2 )
x=
x3 2 1 0 2 3



0
1
x4 0

A1X1=B1 A1 m n B1 m s
X1 n s X1 s=1
(A1|B1)

A1 k A2A1,A2
A

A
A= 1
A2
B1 k B1 k

A1
A
2

B1
O

B1

k B1
B1 B2 k

A1
A
2

B1
O

O
 ( A | B)
B2

X1 k
k n

X  ( X1

X2 )

AXB

A1
A ( X1
2

AX
X2) = 1 1
A2 X1

A1 X 2 B1
=
A2 X 2 O

O
B2

(1)(2)

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A1
B1
X1 = (1)
A2
O

A1
O
X 2 = (2)
A2
B2
(1) A1X1=B1

A1

A2

A2

X1 n

(2) A1X1=B1 A1X1=O

A2X2=B2(2)(1)
(1)(2)(2) A1X1=O
B2 (2)
A2 B2(1)
(2)

A1 r<n= X1
n
{e1,e2,,en}=((1,0,,0),(0,1,,0),,(0,0,,1)) A1

ei1

ei
n-r {ei1 , ei2 , " , einr } A2 = 2
#

ei
n

B2 = En r (n-r ) AXB
A1
A ( X1
2

AX
X2) = 1 1
A2 X1

A1 X 2 B1
=
A2 X 2 O

O
B2

X1 X1
X2 n-r

C#

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[] (References)
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]

, . [M]. : , 2007: 146

S. J. Leon. Linear Algebra [M]. : , 2004: 68 .
. [M]. : , 2008: 109 .
P. D. Lax. Linear Algebra and Its Applications [M]. : , 2008: 32 .
P. K. Tam. Linear Algebra [M]. : , 2007: 155 .
. [M]. : , 1992: 112 .

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