CYME International, August 2009

Tutorial
Harmonic Analysis
CYME 5.0 Power Engineering Software

This tutorial provides a guideline on how to perform a harmonic analysis on a network file provided with this tutorial.
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Getting Started
1. Launch the program.
2. Open the file by clicking on the Icon of the Main toolbar
and select the self contained study file provided with the
Harmonic Analysis tutorial, Harmonic..sxst.



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Network Description
This is a 13-bus system representative of a medium-sized network operating at 13.8 kV and fed from a utility
supply at 69 kV. The system is composed of multiple transformers, cables, in-plant generator, variable
frequency drive (VFD) generating harmonic currents and a power factor correction capacitor.





CYME 5.0 Tutorial Harmonic Analysis Page 2
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Variable Frequency Drive
1. The variable frequency drive is
represented by a multi frequency
current source rated at 3.2 MVA,
connected on all three phases and has
a Y-g configuration.

2. The harmonic spectrum generated by
this drive and as provided by the
equipment manufacturer are as per the
details on the table to the right.




CYME 5.0 Tutorial Harmonic Analysis Page 3
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Harmonic Analysis
The objective of a Harmonic Analysis program is to analyze the effect of the harmonic currents and limit their
effect on the network to within acceptable limits as specified in the IEEE 519-1992 standard.
1. Select Harmonic Analysis, from the list of
available analyses. (See illustration.) You
can also launch it from Analysis >
Harmonic.


2. Click on the Run Simulation icon in the
Simulation toolbar.

3. The Harmonic Analysis dialog box is
comprised of four tabs as follows:
Voltage and Current distortion analysis,
distortion limits and report options.
Frequency Scan at any bus or node and
plot the impedance as a function of
frequency to check for possible resonance
conditions.
Capacitor Rating to check which
capacitors in the system are experiencing
overloads due to the presence of
harmonic currents in the network.
Device Settings to select line, cable, load
models, overwrite individual harmonic
settings of equipment with global settings
and whether to include skin effect
modeling or not in the analysis.




CYME 5.0 Tutorial Harmonic Analysis Page 4
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Voltage and Current Distortion Analysis
1. Select the Buses that are to be monitored and the
results to be displayed on the one line diagram. Select
bus 69-1, B3, B8 (VFD Bus) and the MAIN-BUS.


2. Click on the Distortion Limits button.

3. Select the IEEE 519-1992 standard defaults for
Individual and Total Harmonic Distortion for the
voltage range specified.

4. Click on the Report Options button.

5. Set the Voltage Report Options as detailed in the
dialog box on the right hand side. Normal Condition
Tag refers to buses within the Harmonic Distortion
Limits specified and Abnormal Condition Tag is for
buses that exceed the limit.
6. You can click on the button to run the
Voltage Distortion Analysis or you can set the
Frequency Scan parameters and run both analysis at
the same time and plot the desired charts.

Notes
You can also select any branch to monitor the current distortions and display the results on the One Line
Diagram of the network.
For the purpose of this tutorial we will run a voltage distortion analysis simultaneously with a frequency
scan analysis.



CYME 5.0 Tutorial Harmonic Analysis Page 5
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Frequency Scan Analysis
1. Select the Buses that are to be included in the Frequency Scan
analysis. Select the MAIN-BUS which is also the location of the
6MVAR Capacitor.

2. Set the range of the Frequency Scan From the lowest
frequency which corresponds to our 60 Hz fundamental up
To a frequency that includes the highest 37
th
harmonic
frequency generated by the VFD drive.
3. Select steps of 5 Hz to generate a smooth plot of the
impedance plots.

4. Select the phase impedances for the plots.

5. Click on the Device Settings tab to set the parameters for the
network components such as.
Use the Series R-L Model for cables since they are
relatively short.
Model Loads as Parallel R-L.
Ignore or include Skin Effect which is the variation of the
resistive component of some equipment with frequency. This
mainly applies to synchronous machines.



6. Click on the button to run both analysis Voltage Distortion and Frequency Scan.
Note
The Program will first run a power flow to obtain the Fundamental Frequency Voltage and Current profile
of the Network. This is a necessary step in order to obtain meaningful harmonic distortion results.



CYME 5.0 Tutorial Harmonic Analysis Page 6
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Plotting and Interpretation of Results
1. Once the analysis is completed the CYMVIEW
chart selector dialog box will be displayed on
screen.
2. Plot the Impedance Scan and Voltage
Waveform at Bus MAIN-BUS.
3. The Impedance Plot indicates possible
resonance condition around the 7
th
harmonic.
4. The voltage waveform has considerable
distortion which suggests a Total Harmonic
Distortion (THD) level that exceeds the
maximum allowable at the bus which is set at
5%.






5. You can view the results of the Harmonic Analysis on the one line diagram that will now have result labels
for the monitored buses as specified in the voltage distortion analysis.



CYME 5.0 Tutorial Harmonic Analysis Page 7
6. As can be noticed, the
results indicate that
the MAIN-BUS has a
THD of 5.37% which is
beyond the acceptable
limit.
7. To solve this problem,
a filter that can tune
out those harmonics to
within acceptable limits
can be installed.

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Single Tuned Filter at Capacitor Location
1. Go to Equipment > Harmonic > Single Tuned Filter
and create a new equipment ID STF.
2. The objective is to tune the existing capacitor and
therefore you need to enter its rating of 6 MVAR at
13.8 KV L-L.
3. Although the resonance is at the 7
th
harmonic installing
a filter tuned to that frequency does not improve the
situation since it will create a peak close to the 5
th

which has a higher harmonic current content. (Refer to
VFD Drive Harmonic Content Table).
4. The tuned frequency of the filter will be set at the 5
th

harmonic and the configuration of the filter will be Y-g
to match the configuration of the capacitor.
5. To compute the corresponding R, L and C values of the
filter click on the button.

6. The dialog box that will be displayed will have all the
information as entered in the General tab except for
the filter quality factor. Select a high quality filter by
entering 999.
7. Click on the button and the R, L and C
fields of the General tab will be updated with the
computed values.




CYME 5.0 Tutorial Harmonic Analysis Page 8
8. From the Harmonic symbol bar, select the single
tuned filter in the Harmonic Analysis symbol bar, drag
and connect to the MAIN-BUS.
9. Once the left hand mouse button is released the STF
dialog will be displayed on screen.
10. Select the single tuned filter ID STF from the
equipment database.

11. Make sure that you switch OFF the 6 MVAR-CAP.

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Voltage Distortion and Frequency Scan with the STF Installed
1. Run the Voltage Distortion and the Frequency
Scan Analysis with the STF connected to the
MAIN-BUS.
2. Plot the Impedance Scan and Voltage
Waveform at bus MAIN-BUS.
3. The Impedance Plot Indicates that the
installation of the filter tuned out the 5th
harmonic at the bus and at the same time
provided an attenuation of the impedance at the
7th harmonic.
4. The Voltage Waveform does not have any
noticeable distortion level which suggests a
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) level that is
within the Maximum allowable 5%.







CYME 5.0 Tutorial Harmonic Analysis Page 9
5. The results labels on the
one line diagram confirm
that the THD on the MAIN-
BUS is now at 0.9 %.

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Analysis Reports
1. If the Report Voltages and Distortion options are checked then the reports will automatically be
displayed on screen.
2. These reports include information such as:
Individual Harmonic Distortion (IHD) in % for every harmonic frequency present in the system at each
monitored bus.
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) in % at each monitored bus

KVT Product (KVT) for each bus which expresses the inductive influence as the square root of the sum
of squares of the weighted RMS values of all the sine-wave voltages (in KV), including the fundamental.
The weighting factor W
h
applied to voltage is called the 1960 TIF Weighting Value. Refer to IEEE
Standard 519.

Telephone Influence Factor (TIF) which is a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the square
root of the sum of the squares of the weighted RMS values of all the sine-wave components including
the fundamental to the un-weighted RMS value of the entire wave.

3. Sample Harmonic Analysis Report