Categorizing Hypotheses

Can be categorized in different ways

1. Based on their formulation
Null Hypotheses and Alternate Hypotheses
2. Based on direction
Directional and Non-directional Hypothesis
3. Based on their derivation
Inductive and Deductive Hypotheses
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Based on their formulation : Null Hypotheses and Alternate Hypotheses
Null hypothesis always predicts that: no differences between the groups being
studied (e.g., experimental vs. control group) or no relationship between the
variables being studied.
By contrast, the alternate hypothesis always predicts that there will be a
difference between the groups being studied (or a relationship between the
variables being studied)
2. Based on direction : Directional Hypothesis and Non-directional Hypothesis
Simply based on the wording of the hypotheses we can tell the difference
between directional and non-directional
If the hypothesis simply predicts that there will be a difference between the
two groups, then it is a non-directional hypothesis. It is non-directional
because it predicts that there will be a difference but does not specify how
the groups will differ.
If, however, the hypothesis uses so-called comparison terms, such as
greater,less,better, or worse, then it is a directional hypothesis. It
is directional because it predicts that there will be a difference between the
two groups and it specifies how the two groups will differ
3. Based on their derivation : Inductive and Deductive Hypotheses(Theory
Building and Theory Testing)
Inductive hypothesis - a generalization based on observation
Deductive hypothesis - derived from theory
Example Hypotheses:
Key Info:
A hypothesis is an educated guess about how things work.
Most of the time a hypothesis is written like this: "If _____[I do this] _____, then
_____[this]_____ will happen." (Fill in the blanks with the appropriate information
from your own experiment.)
EXAMPLES:
"If I open the faucet [faucet opening size is the independent variable], then it will
increase the flow of water [flow of water is the dependent variable].
"Raising the temperature of a cup of water [temperature is the independent
variable] will increase the amount of sugar that dissolves [the amount of sugar is
the dependent variable]."
"If a plant receives fertilizer [having fertilizer is the independent variable], then it
will grow to be bigger than a plant that does not receive fertilizer [plant size is the
dependent variable]."
"If I put fenders on a bicycle [having fenders is the independent variable], then
they will keep the rider dry when riding through puddles [the dependent variable
is how much water splashes on the rider]."