Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

Behavior change communication Plan for House

Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion
Project Tehsil Lahor District Swabi












Reported by:
Asad Ali Shah

Rural Development Initiative (RID)
Phase-2 Sector H Street # 11, House # 145 Hayat Abad ar Pakistan Peshaw
Tel: +92 91 5828318 E-mail: rid.pak@gmail.com
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Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

Contents Detail
S.No Table Of Contents Page No
1 Introduction To RID 3 - 3
2 Developmental Approach 4 - 4
3 District Swabi an Overview 5 6
4 Mission Statements 7 7
5 Project Detail and Objectives 8 9
6 Project Key targets & Methodology 10 10
7 Project Activities & Detail 11 13
8 Health & hygiene Session 14 16
9 Session Training Overview 17 17
10 Out Comes 17 18
11 CONSTRAINTS 18 18
12 Monitoring and follow-up visits 19 19
13 Ground Achievements 19 19
14 Conclusion 19 20
15 RECOMMENDATIONS


20 - 20
16 Annex 21 21




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Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

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Introduction to RID
RID stands for Rural Development Initiative- a Non Profit Civil Society Organization
founded in 2008 and registered with Registrar Firms & Societies under Societys
Registration Act 1860. More specifically RID is founded to play its role in the following
broad areas:
Promotion of Rights Based Approaches to Programming in:

o Health Sector
o Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
o Education Sector
o Local government Sector
o Policing/ Law & Order and access to justice sector
o Gender Aspects
Our Developmental Vision
Community & School Water and Sanitation Activities
Participatory and human rights based approach to development
Behavioral changes and communication to identify and target
vulnerable
practices for a sustainable development
Develop models of participatory civil and environment planning, design,
management and implementation
Child Protection & and empowerment of vulnerable communities through
easy access to justice etc;
Environmental Planning, and Monitoring
Institutional Capacity Building;
Gender Sensitive Project Planning and Implementation.
RID Activities Portfolio

Needs Assessment Surveys (Host Families) in the communities where FATA
IDPs have been living with their relatives and other family friends
Distribution of NFIs among the needy Host Families in Peshawar being funded
by the local charity
Distribution of NFIs among the IDPs living in Kacha Gari Camp being funded by
the local charity
Health Hygiene related awareness raising and education for IDPs camps set up
in NWFP for the affectees of War of Terror in FATA funded by the Organizations
Board of Directors
A Free Medical Camp for the IDPs of Kacha Garhi Camp funded from the funds
generated by the organization from local charity
Repair and maintenance of WASH facilities for IDPs J alozai camp, small-scale
funding by UNICEF
Distribution of NFIs among the IDPs living in J alozai camp funded by UNICEF
Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project


Developmental Approach


Rural Development Initiative


Capacity building


Participatory approach


Development

Emergency response


Workshops

Seminars

Active learning method

Trainings

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Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

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District Swabi-An Overview
The History of Swabi
Swabi district is located in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. Swabi lies
between the Indus and Kabul rivers, in the North West frontier (NWFP) of Pakistan. Swabi
is the fourth most populous district of NWFP with Yousafzai clan of Pukhtoons as the
predominant clan of this district. The History and culture of Swabi is very rich.
Swabi District was created on 1st J uly, 1988. Prior to that, it was a Tehsil of Mardan Distt
since its creation in 1937.Until 1937; it remained a Tehsil under Peshawar Distt. Swabi is
surrounded with big beautiful mountains on its north side, and mighty River Indus
(Abaseen) with cold water running through on the south, irrigating its fertile land. Swabi is
blessed with fertile agricultural land therefore most of the people are associated with
agriculture.
Physical features and topography
1- Physical Feature:
The district may be divided into two parts, the northern hilly areas and the southern plain.
The major part of these hills is in Gadoon area in the north-east. These are the continuation
of the Mahaban hills. The other important hills are situated in north-western corner of the
district. These are locally called as the Naranji hills. The height of these hills varies between
750 to 1400 meters above sea level.
There are also a few other small isolated hills. The most important of which is located south
of swabi town. Other hills are in the south, along the border with Nowshera district, which
are the part of Khattak hills, north of the Kabul River. From the foot of the hills. The plain
runs down, at first with a steep slope, and then gently to the lower levels, towards the Kabul
River. The lower southern half of the district has its slope towards the river Indus.
The plain area of the district is intersected by numerous streams and many smaller ravines.
The important stream is the Narrangi Khawar, which flows from Narranji hills in a south-
western direction joining the Kalapani stream in Mardan district. Another important stream
is Badri Khawar which flows the north close to Swabi town and joins the Indus River near
village Hund. The Indus River flows along the southern boundary of the district.
The arable soil of swabi district has developed either from river alluvium or loess plain.
Texture of river alluvium ranges from sandy loam to loamy sand, loam approaching clay
loam. The soil of loess plains ranges in texture from silt loam to salty clay loam or salty
clay.
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The soil is irrigated from general cropping with canals supplemented by well-irrigation.
Some parts where irrigation is not feasible are used for dry-farming of wheat gram and
groundnuts.
In addition the area shows some granite rocks and dolerites sills / dykes at places which
have been given Permian to carboniferous age.
The district swabi is enriched in natural resources. Marble, Sandstone, Gravel are available
in large quantity. The same are leased out to the interesting parties by the directorate of
industries as per government policy and thus a lot of money is going to the public
exchequer each year.
The limestone, Sandstone, and phyllite/ slates are common economic rocks of the area.
The limestone is used for crushers and road construction whereas the sandstone and
slates are used for houses
District Swabi located in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. District Swabi is
spread on 1543 sq Kms. administratively divided into two tehsils i.e. Swabi and Lahor
having 39 and 17 union councils each respectively. The over all population of District Swabi
is 1083000 individuals with annual growth rate of 2.96% having density of 702 persons per/
km2.
What is Water???
Water is one of the basic needs of all kinds of life. With the rapid increase in the
global population this precious resource is facing severe shortage. According to a recent
estimate Earths population could grow by three billion in the next 50 to 75 years. Increase
in number of thirstier people means even greater demand on already-scarce resources
and, paradoxically, a greater chance that existing water sources will become polluted.
Many of the worlds major aquifers are being over-pumped, and in some river basins
governments have allocated more water than is actually available.
Freshwater resources are also feeling the squeeze from Mother Nature. There is high
seasonal and annual variability of rainfall and snowmelt, and the resulting stream flow, in
many regions. Climate change could spell the end of some criticalbut nonrenewable
water sources like snowmelt. Coastal dwellers may see their groundwater tainted by
brackish flows as sea levels rise. Other barriers to a safe and secure drinking water supply
may include an absence of local expertise in the construction and maintenance of water
systems, a lack of the necessary financial resources for their construction, wars and other
conflicts, and natural disasters.
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Much of the freshwater available is contaminated by natural or human causes. Untreated
waste, industrial refuse, pesticides, and other pollutants inundate waters and make them
not just dirty but deadly. Water-related diseases cause millions of fatalities every year
especially Diarrhea among childrens under 5 years of age. The world is running out of
potable water and a major policy initiative to guarantee freshwater as a human right is
required.
MISSION STATEMENT
In compliance to its over all objectives of Water, Environment and Sanitation Program with
core focus on women and children, UNICEF under its AWP 2009 intends to strengthen the
government programs of social development for achieving the set MDGs through
promotion of hygiene and sanitation practices and safe water management. Under the
WES program objectives the UNICEF has planned for intervention through implementing
Hygiene promotion and improved sanitation practices providing support to communities
through awareness rising, capacity building and trainings and community mobilization in
District Swabi. Situation of WATSAN at District Swabi required intensive attention for
improvement. Household surveys indicate that 35% of the population has access to a
latrine, with 95% access to latrines in urban areas and 40% in rural areas. However data
from the 2001/2 NWFP Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) suggests that as many as
half of these latrines may be unsanitary. A tradition of open defecation in rural areas
means that even if latrines are present in the home they are not always used. In addition,
the coverage of latrines in public places is poor.
Though the district boasted relatively fair WATSAN statistics, but again they were far from
good level. Less than 60% populations have access to safe drinking water and less than
40% sanitation coverage in the target area calls for corrective measures.
United Nations International Children Education Fund (UNICEF) launched a project aiming to
promote Community Hygiene Promotion in (4) Union Councils of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi
namely (Yar Hussain East, Yar Hussain West, Dhobian & Sard Chena) UNICF is intended to
enhance the effectiveness and sustainability as well to improve community Hygiene statistics of
District Swabi. These interventions through complementary Hygiene and Sanitation activities,
community mobilization and through diverse capacity building and monitoring and evaluation
activities.
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The UNICEF funded project will:

Strengthens the GOP Drinking Water Programs through promotion of Hygiene and
Sanitation practices and safe water management.
Provide support to communities via local government and non-governmental organizations
(through Capacity building and Hygiene and Sanitation promotion, Community
Mobilization, Planning, Cost recovery and Water Resources Management).
Provide a comprehensive review of water treatment and water quality testing technologies for
use at the community.

Report Rationale

RID with the support of UNICEF plans to implement this PCA Community Hygiene
Promotion with a view to prevent and reduce the incidence of water and sanitation related
diseases among such 10000 HHs (60,000 individuals approx) in Tehsil lahor of District
Swabi. This WASH intervention is designed to mobiles the community over safe drinking
water and its management, proper usage and importance of latrine as safe hygiene
practices. The Community Hygiene Promotion intervention in target area will be within the
framework of the UNICEF core commitments for children and women.

Water Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH) is a UNICEF funded project which intends to strengthen the
capacity of the communities and departments through awareness about Hygiene & Hygiene
importance and safe water handling at House Hold level. The project also intends to build capacity
of the communities via local government and non governmental organizations through interpersonal
communication plan as well conducting Health & Hygiene sessions with community members.
Hygiene and Sanitation promotion, Community mobilization, planning, cost recovery and water
resources management. Rural Development Initiative (RID) was assigned the WASH, Community
Hygiene Promotion component for implementation in (4) Four Union Councils of Tehsil Lahor
District Swabi. The project initiated on March 2009. The project targeted (10,000 House Holds)
(60,000 Individuals Approx) of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi. Comprising Male, Female and
Childrens. Approximately (6) individuals living in close vicinity of each house additionally benefit
Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

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from the project interventions. This means a total No. of 60,000 individuals were indirectly
beneficiaries.
Project Objectives
The proposed intervention involves hardware and software components including provision
of information using cohesive and effective IEC strategy for rehabilitation of drinking water
and sanitation (latrines, bathing /hand washing) facilities and awareness sessions on safe
hygiene practices. The key activities to be undertaken to achieve the project objectives
and ensure active involvement and ownership of relevant partners/stakeholders and project
sustainability are as follows:
Awareness Raising on safe drinking water to at least 5% of 10000 families (approx
60,000 individuals) in Tehsil Lahor District Swabi.
Hygiene promotion including dissemination of messages on safe hygiene practices
(latrine use, use of safe water and personal and domestic hygiene) through
interpersonal communication (IPC) and interactive group sessions.
Water quality testing.
The main partners who will be actively involved in the project include:
Local Government and Rural Development Department (LG&RDD): coordination,
need assessment, permission to get connection from the source, assistance in
execution of physical works, monitoring, provision of technical assistance and long-
term operation/maintenance and its sustainability.
Project implementation will ensure collaboration along with district authorities Civil
and Works (C&W) department will be involved in construction activities for their
technical assistance.
Communities: need assessment/ identification, construction of water and sanitation
facilities, hygiene promotion, monitoring, operation and maintenance of water and
sanitation facilities
Health Department: ensuring involvement of outreach workers and Health cluster
partners in hygiene promotion and their availability for hygiene trainings
WHO: ensuring involvement of environmental health team and other district support
officers/outreach workers in hygiene promotion and their availability for hygiene
trainings and water quality issues
Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources: water quality monitoring
UNICEF: provision of technical and financial assistance/supplies, monitoring and
evaluation, coordination
Development Partners (I/NGOs): coordination and ensuring that no duplication of
efforts takes place


Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

Project key targets (out puts)
10000 families (60000 individuals) persons ( expected most of them women and
children) are sensitized and educated through interpersonal communication for
Behavioral change on Safe hygiene practices , importance and proper usage of
latrines
10000 families (60000 individual) were assessed and planned for interventions
for effective sensitization on Hygiene Promotion
10000 families (60000 individuals) persons ( expected most of them women and
children) are sensitized and educated through interpersonal communication for
Behavioral change on Safe hygiene practices , importance and proper usage of
latrines
5% of the target population are sensitized and at least understand and act upon
three key messages of Hygiene
Methodology
Planning and
Designing of
project activities
Coordination
meetings with
stake holders
Health &
Hygiene
sessions (IPC
strategy)
Continues
monitoring visits
of project
activities
Capacity
building of
volunteers &
municipalities

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Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

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Project Activities
Hygiene awareness and hygienic behaviors had faced several renewals in the past
years. New ideas and technologies have been promoted to bring a change in behaviors of
the communities regarding hygiene conditions. The most effective, successful and
sustainable method introduced among them is using childrens as an agents of behavioral
change in the community. Surveys in the past proved that learning ability of childrens at
ages between (5 to 15) is at its maximum and inducing a behavioral change at that stage
may prove more effective rather than in lateral stages of their education. It is a famous
saying that a child mind is like a slate and can learn what ever you write and that is life-
lasting. Community hygiene promotion component was designed to educate and to create
awareness among all community members whether Male, Female and Childrens through
cohesive IPC strategy using childrens as changing agents. It mainly focuses promotion of
positive and Hygienic Behaviors among all community members and habits for risk
reduction that is basically the back-ground of this component. It was surveyed that in
Pakistan that major cause of diseases is frequent use of unsafe and contaminated water
and bad Hygiene practices.
Hygiene and sanitation statistics of District Swabi were not very satisfactory. RID has an
extensive experience in the use of participatory learning activities such as games,
exercises and group assignments through which targeted area acquire a wider range of
life-skills including those of Health and Hygiene. Considering the expertise of RID in the
sector and families with the targeted areas task of change behaviors of community
regarding Health and Hygiene through interpersonal communication and conducting Health
and Hygiene sessions in (4) Union Councils of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi. District Swabi
was assigned to RID by UNICEF. The project was a soft-ware and Hard-ware activities
keeping in view the behavioral change regarding Health and Hygiene. Major project
interventions are as under:

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Coordination with Stake-holders
Continuous coordination meeting were conducted with concerned Departments before
and after the completion of the project. On different issues and concerns of the project
individual meetings were held with stake holders of relevant area and various
concerned departments at tehsil level. All work-plans were shared with them and finally
project interventions took place.

Project Activities (Health & Hygiene Sessions)

Community Sessions Using (IPC strategy)

According to project Coordination agreement RID was accountable for the software &
Hard- ware activities which were:-
Hiring professional staff for Health & Hygiene promotion.
Conducting Health & Hygiene sessions with community members.
Regular follow-up and monitoring visits with coordination of UNICEF in intervened
Union Councils after awareness raising sessions in (4) four UCs of Tehsil Lahor
District Swabi i.e. (Yar Hussain East, Yar Hussain West, Dhobian and Sard Chena)
Construction of latrines (where required) through CLTS approach.
Hygiene Melas.
Interactive theaters.
Group Sessions.
Water Quality Tests.

In this regard RID Hygiene Promoters conducted Health & Hygiene sessions with targeted
group in (4) four UCs of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi.




Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

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Project Activities Detail

Rural Development Initiative (RID)
Community Hygiene Promotion & Behavior Change Project
Tehsil Lahore District Swabi
Targeted Union Councils: Yar Hussain (East & West), Sard Cheena & Dhobian
Progress Report from 24
th
March 2009 To 22
nd
July 2009
Targeted families Targeted Individuals
10,000 60,000
Target Achieved Hygiene Promotion (Male & Female)

Total Hygiene
Sessions (M &F)
Total House Holds
Covered (M &F)
Total Childrens
Covered
Individuals Covered (M
& F)
640 10,000 5585 63,218
Male
Sessions
Female
Sessions Male Female Boys Girls Male Female
262 378 3266 4354 1892 3693 20,616 27,017
Project Items Description
Assessment Survey Special Events
KAP-Survey
(PRE) KAP-Survey (POST) Interactive Theaters Hygiene Mela's
Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved Target Achieved
1 1 1 1 4 4 2 2
House Hold's
Covered in Theaters
House Hold's
Covered in Mela
1030 1350
Targeted Union Council's Intervened Union Councils
Yar Hussain (East & West)
Sard Cheena & Dhobian
Yar Hussain (East), Sard Cheena,
Dhobian & Yar Hussain (West)




Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

Health & Hygiene Sessions

(640) Health & Hygiene sessions were conducted by RID Hygiene promoters with targeted
community members regarding promotion towards (Community Hygiene Promotion & House
Hold water handling/ Treatment) in Tehsil Lahor District Swabi, Project regular activities were
started in April 2009 and ended on 22
nd
J uly 2009.


Picture showing Male Hygiene Promoter
Conducted Health & Hygiene Session
using cohesive IPC strategy




Picture showing Female Hygiene Promoter
Conducting Health & Hygiene session using
Cohesive IPC strategy






Picture showing Male Hygiene Promoters
Conducting session using CLTS approach


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Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project



Picture showing Hygiene Promoters
Conducting session using CLTS approach











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Picture showing Hygiene Promoters sensitizing
Community members on importance
On Health & H

ygiene importance
icture showing Hygiene Promoters









P
Conducting session using CLTS approach
Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project




Picture showing Water Quality Analyst
Taking sample for water quality test











Picture showing water quality analyst
Doing his technical work on spot













Picture showing water quality analyst
Testing Water Samples in Lab









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Behavior change communication Plan for House Hold water Treatment & Hygiene Promotion Project

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Sessions/ Trainings Over view

During these Sessions/ trainings RID Hygiene Promoters aware and sensitized community
members of targeted area that how to change the behaviors an individual as well in
community level through conducting interpersonal communication/ Group sessions and
using CLTS approach to aware them about the importance of Health and Hygiene practices
all Hygienic messages were transferred to community (interest group) as well educate them
how to protect their selves and community from many life threading diseases. Community
liked and praised all the efforts and suggested that through these kinds of interventions
should be continue to sensitized community towards adoption and importance to good
hygiene practices. The core aspires of all these sessions/ trainings were to conscious and
clarify community towards the extreme tribulations if neglecting hygiene behaviors.
Both male and female Hygiene Promoters of RID were conscripted to mobilize and
sensitize community members of (4) Union Councils of Tehsil Lahor District Swabi on
importance of Health & Hygiene and access to use Safe and Clean Drinking Water. These
Sessions/ Trainings covered the area of Health & Hygiene, Sanitation, access to use Safe
and Clean Drinking Water and knowledge about spreading of water borne diseases
especially Hepatitis C among community and its prevention measures.
The core idea of conducting these Sessions/ Trainings was to promote the importance of
Hygiene among dormant society of projected area as well to adopt hygiene behaviors.

OUT COMES

RID completed Software activities according to specification mentioned in agreement.
In software activities RID Hygiene promoters aware (10,000) families and (60,000)
individuals on (Health & hygiene education, spreading of different diseases and their
prevention measures, Mobilization, Behavioral change, access to use safe and clean
drinking water) through these sessions the capacity of community has been built for further
community benefits as well individual. Core idea of the trainings was to Sensitized,
Mobilized and Aware community to change unhygienic behaviors and sustained it in future,
during the trainings it is noticed that participants took much interest and seek a lot of new
practices from which they were un-aware, At the end of trainings all participants stress that
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these kind of trainings should be arranged in future because they seek a lot of new
practices and knowledge through trainings they also promised that they will try their best to
implement all the practices as individual as well in community.
During trainings RID Hygiene Promoters build the capacity of volunteers and municipalities
that they are the most effectual source to sustained project activities in future for
community benefits.
Through trainings the main aims were achieved that participants were sensitized and
educated on basic practices to Health and hygiene.
Over all trainings were effective for community (interest group).

CONSTRAINTS
Over all trainings were conducted according to the planned schedule but project activities
were suffered due to:-
Harvesting Season.
It is also observed in some areas community have some misconception about
NGOs and resisting to implement project activities.
Activities of the project (Community trainings) trainers left from Peshawar office at
7:00am to conduct community training but due to inaccessibility of road trainers face
a lot of hard-ships in way.
Road Blockage.
In some areas security problems were existed for female staff.
Security and traditional problems.
Time constraints.
Some areas of the project were very far away from field office.
Social conflict (Cross Firing) between two tribes of Union Council Sard Cheen &
Dhobian.
It is also observed that community insisted to carry these activities for the long time
for efficacy of the project.



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Monitoring and follow-up visits

Regular monitoring visits being made in targeted areas of the project to check the out puts
of interventions.
In this regard municipalities and volunteers showed much interest it not only monitored the
trainings as well to check the impact of the project. It was a very new thing for community
that any kind of continuous monitoring visits were held beside trainings in Tehsil Lahor
district Swabi. Due to scattered areas of the villages it was not possible to visit all the
community members randomly I this regard a general observations being identified during
visits.

Ground Achievements
All project targeted activities were completed according to specifications mentioned in
proposal. Over all community response was seen much positive and cooperative.
During trainings community (interest group) liked Health & Hygiene Sessions/ Trainings
because all such messages were dear and valuable to them and trainers attitude and
way of delivering messages was very charming and friendly. During continuous
monitoring visits from RID Hygiene Promoters much positive response was seen
especially about adopting Hygiene behaviours through different kind of interesting
interventions. During school monitoring visits it was seen that a lot of childrens have
their own bottles of safe & clean water with their name tags even not willing to drink
water from school tab except purified bottles.
Teachers told the Monitoring staff that after these sessions students even force them to
wash their hands if they pretending to take some food with out washing hands.
Conclusion

Although hygienic trainings have been conducted for sustained project results by
various departments but in these interventions a new techniques as a tool was used i.e.
to teach the students through various interesting activities like Role plays, Displaying
IEC material and competition raising regarding adopting Health & Hygiene behaviours.

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As concern to community response was over all good and from female side were much
enthusiastic as compared to male to implement these interventions they showed keen
interest and zealness. During field monitoring visits Hygiene promoters realized that
subsequently the situation will much better and effective as previous visits.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The project proposes the following recommendation to be set in mind while carrying out
interventions in the targeted areas.

To design project activities in view of agricultural season.

Although hygiene promotion at house-hold level was under focus but the issue
needs sustainable and long term solution.
Project must provide some hard material to community that makes utilization of the
provided facilities could be made possible through long term planning for behavioral
change.
Software component of the project must be improved keeping in view sustainability
in improving the sanitation condition of the area.
Behavioral change is a slow process therefore it required a long term planning.
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