V.

NORTH WEST JAVA BASIN

V.1 Introduction
The North West Java Basin is one of many back-arc basins and producing
hydrocarbon potential. The main Cibulakan Formation is an important for oil and
gas potential in the basin. The North West Java Basin area comprises maor
geological segments. The offshore portions of the basin include !eribu
"latform# $rduna !ub-basin# and %era !ub-basin. Within the North West Java
onshore area consists of Tangerang &igh# Ciputat !ub-basin# 'engasdengklok
&igh# "asir "utih !ub-basin# "amanukan &igh# and Jatibarang !ub-basin
(Figure )*.
V.2 Regional Geology
'egionally# the North West Java Basin is a back arc system that located
bet+een !unda micro "late and ,ndia-$ustralia "late. Tectonic activities
resulted in the formation of the N-! trending normal fault to the north of the
basin. These faults controlled horst and graben structures that formed and
influenced sedimentation in the North West Java !ub-basins. Thrust faults are
+ell developed to the south of this basin in the --W trending. These thrust faults
are younger than Tertiary sediment and cut the sediment to the surface.
V.2.1 Tectonic Setting
The North West Java Basin +hich formed in response to the collision of the
-urasian "late +ith the ,ndian-$ustralian "late during .ate Cretaceous to -arly
-ocene times (/aly# et. al# )012*. "late tectonic movement has controlled both
the structural development and sedimentation in the North West Java Basin.
The regional structural trends are oriented east-+est# parallel to the Java
subduction 3one# and are the result of north-south compressional stresses. The
east-West tensional stresses have resulted in north-south block faulting. This
block faulting +as responsible for the development of the North West Java
Basin and its numerous sub-basins and basement highs (Figure 4*.
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V.2.2 Stratigra!y
The regional stratigraphy se5uence of the North West Java Basin ranges in age
from -ocene to "leistocene. The oldest deposit is the 6iddle -ocene to
7ligocene Jatibarang Formation# +hich unconformable overlies the pre-Tertiary
basement. The Jatibarang Formation is thick sediment consisting of volcanic
tuff# basaltic lavas# and volcano-clastic sandstones. The .o+er Cibulakan
Talang $kar Formation lies unconformable above the Jatibarang Formation. ,t
consists of shales# sandstones# siltstones and coals. The 6iddle Cibulakan
Baturaa .imestones conformably overlies the Talang $kar Formation. This unit
consists of almost limestones. The 8pper Cibulakan consists of claystones and
sandstones. The "arigi .imestones overlies the 8pper Cibulakan Formation
and is usually present in biostromal and biohermal facies +ith predominantly
good porosity. The uppermost sediment comprises the Cisubuh Formation#
+hich is mostly like claystones# siltstones and sandstones (Figure 9*.
V." #etroleu$ Sy%te$
V.".1 Source Roc&
,n North West Java Basin# there are three (9* primary source rock types such as
lacustrine shales (mainly oil-prone*# fluvio-deltaic coals and shales (oil and gas
prone and marine claystones:bacterial gas*. 6any authors stated that the
Talang $kar Formation have the best source rock potential in the North West
Java Basin. ;ordon ()01<* reported that the coal and carbonaceous shales of
the Talang $kar Formation to be an e=cellent source rocks for hydrocarbons
generated +ithin the offshore sub-basin area. ,t +as indicated that the
hydrocarbons derivation from terrestrial plant material. The other possibility of
the hydrocarbon source rock is syn-rift lacustrine black shales sediments of the
Jatibarang Formation (Jatibarang and Tugu Barat Fields*. 7il and gas have
produced commercially from fractured volcanoclastics in the Jatibarang Field.
There is evident that some of oil is sourced from lacustrine.
V.".2 Re%er'oir
!everal reservoirs have produced oil and gas in the North Java Basin. The
Jatibarang Formation is one of the reservoir units that oil and gas come from
fractured vulcanoclastics. The other reservoir is e=tensively the Baturaa
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Formation developed across the North West Java and !outh !umatra Basins.
This unit contains of shelf limestones# coral reefs and bank comple= and have
+ell to e=cellent hydrocarbon potential. .eaching of fresh +ater formed
porosities and permeability. The 8pper Cibulakan clastic is an important
reservoir too# +hich forms the main oil in the 6assive and 6ain sandstones.
This member is a prolific reservoir +ith e=cellent hydrocarbon potential# +hich is
found in sufficient thickness. The porosity of this reservoir is appro=imately 9>?
+ith the permeability up to <>> m/. The "arigi carbonates build-ups are
another reservoir +ith good porosities +ithin the North West Java Basin. This
reservoir is typically very porous and often contains large amounts of gas. The
"arigi Formation has the best reefal build-ups and porosity development of all
Tertiary carbonates. The 8pper "arigi is a +idespread platform:bioherm unit#
+hich varies in thickness up to )<> m in offshore and <>> m in onshore. The
reservoir development in "arigi carbonates arises through the presence of
vugular# moldic and intergranular porosity distributed through the carbonates
section.
V."." Seal
!ealing intervals in the North West Java Basin are the 8pper Talang $kar
shales# 6iddle Baturaa shales# 6iddle 6iocene mudstones of the 8pper
Cibulakan Formation# and Cisubuh shales.
V.".( )igration #at!*ay
The path+ays for hydrocarbon migration may occur laterally and:or vertically
out of the source rock. .ateral migration takes place +ithin strata units +ith
good hori3ontal permeability. %ertical migration occurs +hen the migration
direction is perpendicular to bedding. .ateral migration path+ays are typically
established in beds that continuity of permeable units. ,n the North West Java#
the maor conduits for lateral migration are predominantly north south oriented
of the Talang $kar Formation. %ertical migration is very prevalent in this region#
+ith most areas sho+ing propensity for multiple stacked reservoirs. Faults
provide the main conduits for vertical migration +ith rapid transport of fluids
coinciding +ith periods of active tectonics and fault movement.
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V.".+ Tra Style%
!tructural styles and trapping mechanisms are similar in all of the North West
Java Basin. The main structural features are anticlinal domes and tilted fault
block traps. /ue to the large amount of sands and coarse clastics in the
reservoir sections# fault traps often re5uire appreciable offsets in order to
establish cross-fault sealing relationships. !tratigraphic traps have been found
+here sands unit on-lap and drape basement highs. These traps have typically
been restricted to the Talang $kar interval# although stratigraphic pinch-outs of
other reservoir units are likely. The carbonate build-ups +ithin the Baturaa# the
6id-6ain 8pper Cibulakan# and the "arigi Carbonates also provide good traps.
V.( Hydrocar,on #lay
The North West Java Basin consists of several plays@ they are Jatibarang "lay#
Baturaa "lay# 8pper Cibulakan "lay# and "arigi "lay (Figure A*.
The Jatibarang "lay comprises of volcanoclastic flo+s and tuffs. 7il and gas are
produced from its fractured +ith structure is an --W trending anticline and cut
by N-! trending normal faults. The Baturaa "lay is represented by carbonates
platform:reef comple=# +hich developed over palaeohighs. This build-up is a
type of trap for oil and gas and combined +ith drape over basement highs. The
main reservoirs consist of coral algal reef +ith secondary porosity is formed by
leaching of +ater. The other 8pper Cibulakan "lay consists of sandstones
sourced from the north and deposited as sand ridges in shelf environment +ith
faulted anticlines and pinch-out of sand bodies. The sand reservoirs are the
primary producing hori3ons. The "arigi "lay is +idespread platform:bioherm
unit and kno+n to contain large 5uantities of gas and offer the best opportunity
for ne+ reserves at reasonable cost. The "arigi build-ups are +ell developed in
both onshore and offshore areas. The reservoir developed rise through vugular#
moldic and intergranular porosity that distributed through out the carbonates
interval.
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Re-erence%
$rpandi# and "atmosukismo !.# )02<# The Cibulakan Formation as 7ne of the
6ost "rospective !tratigraphic 8nits in the Nort-West Java Basinal
$rea# Proceed. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.4
th
Ann. Conv. pp 181-209.
,-/!# )00<# $n -valuation of "roven and "otential ;as 'eserves !ection 4
Java# %ol.).
"ramono &.# Charlie Wu C.&.# and Noble '.$.# )00># $ Ne+ 7il Bitchen and
"etroleum Bearing !ubbasin in the 7ffshore North+est Java $rea#
Proceed. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.19
th
Ann. Conv. pp 255-277.
!uherman T.# and !yahbuddin $.# )01C# -=ploration &istory of the 6B Field
Coastal $rea of North+est Java# Proceed. Indon. Petrol. Assoc.15
th
Ann. Conv. pp 101-122.
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