SOFT AND FIRM SOIL?

Foundation to be constructed in soft and firm soil

1) According to the type of soil, depth of foundation has to be decided. Hence, soil liquefaction has to be checked in the
beginning stages of laying foundation
2) Vertical reinforcements should be provided at corners and junction of walls.
3) For integrating the walls of an enclosure, to perform like a rigid box, reinforced concrete bands are provided which run
continuously on all external and internal walls including fixed partition walls
Roofs to be used in cyclone prone areas
1) In cyclone prone areas, large overhangs should be avoided. The roof projections should be kept minimum, not exceeding
500mm, and are tied down adequately
2) For the purpose of reducing wind forces on the roof, pyramidal roof is preferable
3) It is also advisable to have shelterbelts plantation across the wind direction in coastal areas and in all large establishments to
check the wind speed and thereby reduce damage
TEAM COMPOSITION?
The main objectives of a search and rescue team are to:-
1.rescue the survivors trapped under the debris, from the damaged buildings or from a cyclonic storm surge.
2.provide first aid services to the trapped survivors and to dispatch them for medical care.
3.take immediate necessary actions, as for temporary support and protection to endangered collapsed buildings to structures.
4.hand-over,recover and dispose-off the bodies of the deceased.
5.train.demonstrate and raise answers awareness on how to use the local material for rescuing the community people.
Team composition can be defined as the aspect of a team created by the configuration of team member attributes (Bell, 2007).
It also has been identified as a causal factor that affects other aspects of a team (Moreland & Levine, 1992). The composition of
a team is considered to have a strong influence on team processes and outcomes (Bell, 2007).
Team composition can either be homogeneous, all the same, or heterogeneous, containing differences. There are conflicting
opinions on which is best. Homogeneous teams may perform better due to similarities in experience and thought, while
heterogeneous teams may perform better due to diversity and greater ability to take on multiple roles (Mello & Ruckes, 2006).
These terms, however, must be given a framework, as a team could be homogeneous for some characteristics and
heterogeneous for others. The importance placed on team design derives from the need to align a team's composition with
organizational goals and resources. (Koslowski & Ilgen, 2006).
Team composition is a complex issue with an endless number and combination of elements contributing to each team
configuration. The possible outcomes resulting from a team's composition are as numerous.
LANDSLIDE
A landslide, also known as a landslip (see also mudslide), is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground
movements
, such as rockfalls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows, which can occur in offshore, coastal and onshore
environments.
Although the action of gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, there are other contributing factors
affecting the original slope stability.
Typically, pre-conditional factors build up specific sub-surface conditions that make the area/slope prone to failure, whereas
the actual landslide
often requires a trigger before being released.
TSUNAMI
Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices),
landslides and other mass movements, meteorite ocean impacts or similar impact events, and other disturbances above or
below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami.
The Greek historian Thucydides was the first to relate tsunami to submarine earthquakes,[4][5] but understanding of tsunami's
nature remained slim until the 20th century and is the subject of ongoing research. Many early geological, geographical, and

oceanographic texts refer to tsunamis as "seismic sea waves."
Some meteorological conditions, such as deep depressions that cause tropical cyclones, can generate a storm surge, called a
meteotsunami, which can raise tides several metres above normal levels. The displacement comes from low atmospheric
pressure within the centre of the depression. As these storm surges reach shore, they may resemble (though are not) tsunamis,
inundating vast areas of land. Such a storm surge inundated Burma in May 2008.
Tsunamis are a frequent occurrence in Japan; approximately 195 events have been recorded. Due to the immense volumes of
water and energy involved, tsunamis can devastate coastal regions.
What Is the Importance of Contingency Planning in Strategy Evaluation Results?
Contingency planning and risk management are essential components of any business strategy. A small business owner working
on limited
funds must pay careful attention to contingency planning and risk management when evaluating the strengths and weaknesses
of a proposed business strategy. Smart
planning can provide the edge the small business owner needs to establish a niche in the market and sustain growth.
Anticipating Business Risks
A business plan that only considers the best-case scenario for your small business isn't likely to last long. Anticipating risks to
your company, including seasonal drops in revenue and new competitor products entering the market, is crucial to ensure your
overall business strategy has the wide vision necessary to keep your business from being caught off-guard by foreseeable
events. The more risks your business can anticipate, the better your company is at meeting the many challenges that can arise
for a small business in any industry.
Developing Mitigation Strategies
Contingency planning and risk management are only as good as the strategies developed to help mitigate the potential financial
damage to your company.
Mitigation strategies may include a variety of methods for limiting the affects of future problems to your business, including
storing capital for revenue shortfalls as well as making improvements to facilities to reduce the chances of employee injury.
These strategies provide your small business with a plan of action in the event of a problem. This
allows your company to devote more time to solving a problem in the moment without having to first sit down and develop a
plan of action.
Mobility of Business Strategies
In evaluating your business strategy, contingency plans should give your company the mobility necessary to shift focus to
different aspects of your company and change
operating strategies as needs in the market shift. Mobility is an essential element of contingency planning and your business
strategy as a whole. If you notice your
company's strategy isn't working, you must have the systems in place to switch gears and find the profitable solution. Without
mobility, your small business could remain
locked in the same money-draining strategy until you're broke and out of business.
Seizing Business Opportunities
Planning for business opportunities is just as important as developing risk management strategies for your business.
Incorporating opportunity planning into your
contingency plans can allow your company to get ahead of the competition in a variety of areas, including developing new
products to meet a need in the market or
increasing promotional campaigns in advance of a tourist season. Taking advantage of these opportunities helps your company
maximize its profit potential and
secure new customers or clients.