A utility sink is deeper than a standard restroom basin or kitchen sink and can be used to clean

large pots or equipment. Usually, utility sinks are provided only in highly developed recreation areas. At
least one of each type of sink provided in each accessible room or space and at least 5 percent of the
total number of utility sinks must comply with the requirements explained below.
Clear floor or ground space that is at least 30 inches (760 millimeters) by at least 48 inches
(1,220 millimeters) must be provided at each accessible utility sink and be oriented for either a forward
or side approach. These requirements are identical to the requirements in ABAAS sections 305.3 and
305.5. The clear space at the utility sink must be connected to an ORAR, but it can't overlap the ORAR.
The slope of the clear floor or ground space can't exceed 1:50 (2 percent) in any direction, although an
exception permits a slope up to 1:33 (3 percent) in any direction where needed for proper drainage. The
surface of the clear floor or ground space must be firm and stable and of a material that is appropriate
for the setting and level of development.
The height of the counter or rim surrounding the sink can't be more than 34 inches (865
millimeters) above the ground or floor space. The bottom of the bowl must be at least 15 inches (380
millimeters) above the ground or floor space. If hot water is provided, the pipes should be wrapped or
shielded to prevent
someone from
accidentally touching
the hot pipes. Sink
controls and operating
mechanisms must
comply with the
provisions for reach
ranges and operability
specified in ABAAS
sections 308 and 309
and explained in Reach
Ranges and Operability
Requirements. Figure
72 illustrates these
requirements.

Friction is the contact resistance exerted by one body when the second body moves or tends to
move past the first body. Friction is a retarding force that always acts opposite to the motion or to the
tendency to move.

Types of Friction
Dry Friction
Dry friction, also called Coulomb friction, occurs when unlubricated surfaces of two solids are in contact
and slide or tend to slide from each other. If lubricant separates these two surfaces, the friction created
is called lubricated friction. This section will deal only with dry friction.

Fluid Friction
Fluid friction occurs when layers of two viscous fluids moves at different velocities. The relative velocity
between layers causes frictional forces between fluid elements, thus, no fluid friction occurs when there
is no relative velocity.

Skin friction
Skin friction also called friction drag is a component of the force resisting the motion of a solid body
through a fluid.

Internal Friction
Internal friction is associated with shear deformation of the solid materials subjected to cyclical loading.
As deformation undergo during loading, internal friction may accompany this deformation.

Elements of Dry Friction
= Total reaction perpendicular to the contact surface
= Friction force
= Coefficient of friction
= Resultant of f and N
= angle of friction



Formulas for dry friction




Consider the block shown to the right that weighs . It is
placed upon a plane that inclined at an angle with the horizontal.
If the maximum available friction force is less
than thus, the block will slide down the plane.
If the friction force will just equate to thus,
the block is in impending motion down the plane.
If the maximum available frictional resistance is
greater than thus, the block is stationary.
We can therefore conclude that the maximum angle that a
plane may be inclined without causing the body to slide down is equal
to the angle of friction .

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