Paul Adrian V.

Basilio
Subordinators:
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
Cause
as
because
in order that
since
so that
Concession and Comparison
although
as
as though
even though
just as
though
whereas
while
Condition
even if
if
in case
provided that
unless
Place
where
wherever
Time
after
as soon as
as long as
before
once
still
till
until
when
whenever
while
Examples and Observations:
"English has a wide range of subordinate conjunctions: that, if, though,
although, because, when, while, after, before, and so forth. . . . They are
placed before a completesentence or independent clause to mae that clause
dependent. This dependent clause now needs to attach to another clause that
is independent. !therwise, a sentencefragment results:
"#hen $oris bought the cae.
"%ost subordinate clauses are signalled by the use of a subordinating
conjunction. There are three main types:
& simple subordinators consist of one word:
although, if, since, that, unless, until, whereas, while, etc.
& comple' subordinators consist of more than one word:
in order that, such that, granted (that), assuming (that), so (that), as long as,
insofar as, in case, etc.
& correlative subordinators consist of *pairs* of words which relate two parts
of the sentence:
as . . . so . . ., scarcely . . . when . . ., if . . . then . . ., etc.
C o o r d i n a t o r s
Recognize a coordinating conjunction when you see one.
And, but, for, nor, or, so, and yetthese are the seven coordinating
conjunctions. To remember all seven, you might want to learn one of these
acronyms: FANBOYS, YAFNOBS, or FONYBAS.
F = for
A = and
N = nor
B = but
O = or
Y = yet
S = so
Y = yet
A = and
F = for
N = nor
O = or
B = but
S = so
F = for
O = or
N = nor
Y = yet
B = but
A = and
S = so
Coordinating conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses. +oo at the
e'amples that follow:
The bowl of s,uid eyeball stew is hot and delicious.
The s,uid eyeball stew is so thic that you can eat it with a for or spoon.
-ere are the meanings and some e'amples of coordinating conjunctions in
English:
for: presents a reason ("-e is gambling with his health, for he has been
smoing far too long.") (though "for" is more commonly used as a
preposition)
and: presents non&contrasting item(s) or idea(s) ("They gamble, and they
smoe.")
nor: presents a non&contrasting negative idea ("They don*t gamble nor
smoe.")
but: presents a contrast or e'ception ("They gamble, but they don*t
smoe.")
or: presents an alternative item or idea ("Every day they gamble or they
smoe.")
yet: presents a contrast or e'ception ("They gamble, yet they don*t
smoe.")
so: presents a conse,uence ("-e gambled well last night, so he smoed a
cigar to celebrate.")

Correlative conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs, in order to show the relationship
between the ideas e'pressed in different parts of a sentence. .or instance, in the
following e'ample, the e'pression either ... or is used to indicate that the ideas
e'pressed in the two clauses represent two alternative choices of action.
e.g. Either you should study harder, or you should tae a different course.
The most commonly used correlative conjunctions are both ... and, either ...
or and neither ... nor. /n the table below, each pair of correlative conjunctions
is accompanied by an e'ample of its use. 0ote that in the construction i ...
then, the word then can usually be omitted.
Correlative Conjunctions
both ... and -e is both intelligent and good&natured.
either ... or / will either go for a wal or read a boo.
neither ... nor -e is neither rich nor famous.
hardl! ... "hen -e had hardl! begun to wor, "hen he was interrupted.
i ... then # that is true, then what happened is not surprising.
no sooner ... than $o sooner had / reached the corner, than the bus came.
not onl! ... but also1he is not onl! clever, but also hard&woring.
rather ... than / would rather go swimming than go to the library.
scarcel! ... "hen Scarcel! had we left home, "hen it started to rain.
"hat "ith ... and %hat "ith all her aunts, uncles and cousins, she has many relatives.
"hether ... or -ave you decided "hether you will come or not2