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Parliamentary form of government
Rule of law
Procedure established by Law


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Charter of Fundamental Rights
Federal structure of government
Electoral Collage
independence of the judiciary
Judicial review

Directive principles of state policy


Concurrent List
Joint sitting of the Parliament

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Ideals of Liberty, Equality and Fraternity


A quasi-federal form of government a federal system
with a strong central government
The idea of Residuary Powers with centre

Fundamental Duties (Art. 51-A) on the
recommendations of Sardar swaran Singh Committee
1976)

Emergency Provision from Weimar Constitution
Amendment of Constitution from South Africa

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Indian Constitution is the lengthiest in the world in terms
of the number of articles. Originally, at the time of being
adopted, it consisted of 395 articles but after 97
amendments (2012), it presently has more than 440
articles. There are 12 Schedules to amplify and support the
contents in the Articles.


The Constitution of India adopts Parliamentary system of
democracy in order to represent the pluralist tradition and
interests of the country.



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Constitution has many features that commit the country
to a welfare State. The Preamble to the Constitution was
amended in 1976 (Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976)
to insert the goal of socialism. Directive Principles of
State Policy (Part IV) aim at the establishment of a
Welfare State in India. Progressive taxation,
developmental interventions like the various flagship
programmes of the government (MGNREGS),
nationalization of banks in 1969 and 1980, land reforms
and various subsidies are meant to establish a welfare
state. Affirmative action (positive discrimination) by the
Government in favour of the socially marginalised like
dalits is an important aspect of the welfare state.
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State has no official religion
State and religion are separate
State has an equidistant policy towards all religions
All individuals have the right to pursue the religion of
their choice
Indian Constitution provides for a single integrated
judiciary headed by the Supreme Court. Each state, or a
group of them, has a High Court with administrative
control over the subordinate judiciary (district and
below).
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The Constitution provides for Universal Adult Franchise.
The citizens of India who are 18 years of age and above
have been granted the right to vote irrespective of any
qualification pertaining to education, possession of
property or payment of income tax.
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