By : Nidhi Bansal

Roll no.- 2509071

Basic principle of thermal power

plant
A thermal power plant basically works on Rankine

cycle.
Rankine cycle is a cycle that converts heat into work

Layout of thermal plant

Main parts of plant

Coal conveyor
Stoker
Pulveriser

Boiler
Coal ash
Air preheater
Electrostatic precipitator

 Smoke stack

Turbine
Condenser
Economizer

Transformers
Cooling towers
Generators

High - voltage power lines

1. Coal conveyor
A belt type arrangement.
From coal storage place

in power plant to the

place near by boiler.

2. Stoker
Mechanical device for feeding coal to a furnace
This mechanism is required for feeding coal into the

furnace through mechanical methods

3. Pulveriser
Device for grinding coal for combustion in a furnace in

a power plant.
Types of Pulverisers :
Ball and Tube Mill
Ring and Ball

4. Boiler
An enclosed vessel in

which water is heated

and circulated until the
water is turned in to
steam at the required
pressure.
Coal is burned inside the
combustion chamber of
boiler.

Classification of Boilers
Fire tube boilers
Water tube boilers
Superheater

Reheater

5. Condenser
Heat exchangers which

convert steam from its

gaseous to its liquid state,
also known as phase
transition.
The purpose to condense the
outlet (or exhaust) steam
from steam turbine is to
obtain maximum efficiency.
Condensers are classified as
Jet condensers or contact

condensers
Surface condensers.

6. Cooling Towers
Device in which atmospheric

air (the heat receiver)

circulates in direct or indirect
contact with warmer water
(the heat source) and the
water is thereby cooled.

7. Economiser
Recover some of the heat from the heat carried away in

the flue gases up the chimney and utilize for heating

the feed water to the boiler.

8. Air preheater
Device used in steam boilers to transfer heat from the

flue gases to the combustion air before the air enters

the furnace.
Improve boiler efficiency by burning warm air which
increases combustion efficiency, and reducing useful
heat lost from the flue.

9. Electrostatic precipitator
Device which removes

dust or other finely

divided particles from
flue gases by charging
the particles inductively
with an electric field,
then attracting them to
highly charged collector
plates.

10. Smoke stack

A smoke stack(chimney)

is a system for venting

hot flue gases or smoke
from a boiler, stove,
furnace or fireplace to
the outside atmosphere.

11. Generator
An alternator is an

electromechanical
device that converts
mechanical energy to
alternating current
electrical energy.

12. Transmitter
Use sensing element and use to measure pressure,

temperature and level measurement

Also called differential transformer
Works on the principle that input differential pressure
converted into capacitance which gives amplified
current output

14. Temperature Measurement

Expansion thermometer
Change of state of thermometer
Electrical measurement of temperature

Expansion thermometer: Liquid in glass thermometer

Thermocouple

15. Pressure measurement

Manometer
Bourden Tube
Pressure switch

16. Transformers
Device that transfers electric energy from one

alternating-current circuit to one or more other

circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing
(stepping down) the voltage

17. Power generation

Following steps: Coal to steam
steam to mechanical power

switching and transmission

Auxiliary systems
Boiler make-up water treatment plant and storage
Fuel preparation system
Barring gear

Oil system
Generator cooling
Generator high voltage system
Monitoring and alarm system
Battery supplied emergency lighting and

communication

Questions????