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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY


This chapter contains the methods and procedures used by the researchers in
conducting this study such as the research design, determination of sample size, sampling
design and techniques, samples/subjects, research instrument, data gathering procedure, data
gathering method, and statistical tool used for the data.


Research Design
A research design includes the methodology and procedure employed to conduct
scientific research. The design of a study defines the study type and sub-type, research
question, hypotheses, independent and dependent variables, and data collection methods.
The study type used for this study is descriptive, and survey being the sub-type. Descriptive
Research describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being
studied. Descriptive-survey is appropriate wherever the subjects vary among themselves, and
one is interested to know the extent to which different conditions and situations are acquired
among these subjects. It provides the values of facts and focuses attentions on the most
important things to be reported.


Determination of Sample Size

The researchers used the following formula to determine the sample size since the total
population of students who live with single parents is more than 100:

Where:

stands for sample size;

N stands for total number of population;
V stands for standard value (2.58) of one percent level of probability with 0.9 reliability

stands for sampling error (0.1); and

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P stands for the largest possible proportion (0.50)

Thus, the sample size (

) for the total population of 147 third and fourth year students of San
Beda College Alabang who live with single parents is 121.


Sampling Design and Technique

Sampling is concerned with the selection of a subset of individuals from within a
population to estimate characteristics of the whole population. In this study, we used the non-
scientific sampling. The target population is the third and fourth year high school students of
San Beda College Alabang who belong to broken families. Target population refers to the
entire group the researcher is interested to conduct the study about, from whom the
information will be gathered in order to draw valid conclusions.

A. Subjects

The subjects of this study are third and fourth year high school students of San Beda College
Alabang. The sampling design to be used for this study is the purposive sampling because this
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sampling design method targets the individuals as samples according to the purposes of the
researchers as their control.

A. Research Instruments

Due to the nature of the thesis, data collection is crucial for this research
to come up with an accurate conclusion. Any error done in this stage can ultimately lead to a
failure in the study and an inaccuracy in the conclusion. Because of this, observations, survey
forms and questionnaires were used as they are simple and produce results which can be
easily categorized and summarized without comprising accuracy.

Observation is an essential part of the study. The problem the research is trying o
investigate revolves around the academic effects of single parenthood to the third and fourth
year high school students of San Beda College Alabang. Due to this, the researchers believe
that the collection and documentation of report cards will yield accurate and objective evidence
to the students performance in their studies. Survey forms and questionnaires will be used to
determine the effects of single parenthood to the students emotional well-being to obtain a
brief and general scope of their relationship with their parents.