67

1

1

1 + t
2
t


tan = t
(a) cot ()
=
1
tan ()
=
1
tan
=
1
t
(b) cos (90 )
= sin
=
t
1 + t
2
2 6 sec
2
20 tan = 0
6(1 + tan
2
) 20 tan = 0
6 + 6 tan
2
20 tan = 0
6 tan
2
20 tan + 6 = 0
3 tan
2
10 tan + 3 = 0
(3 tan 1) (tan 3) = 0
tan =
1
3
or 3
When tan =
1
3
,
= 18.43, 198.43
When tan = 3,
= 71.57, 251.57
= 18.43, 71.57, 198.43, 251.57
3 2 sin
2
x + cos x = 1
2(1 cos
2
x) + cos x 1 = 0
2 2 cos
2
x + cos x 1 = 0
2 cos
2
x + cos x + 1 = 0
2 cos
2
x cos x 1 = 0
(2 cos x + 1)(cos x 1) = 0
cos x =
1
2
or cos x = 1
When cos x =
1
2
,
x = 120, 240
When cos x = 1,
x = 0, 360
x = 0, 120, 240, 360
4 cos 2 3 sin = 2
1 2 sin
2
3 sin 2 = 0
2 sin
2
3 sin 1 = 0
2 sin
2
+ 3 sin + 1 = 0
(2 sin + 1)(sin + 1) = 0
sin =
1
2
or sin = 1
When sin =
1
2
,
basic = 30
= 210, 330
When sin = 1,
= 270
= 210, 270, 330
5 15 cos
2
x 7 cos x = 4 cos 60
15 cos
2
x 7 cos x = 4(0.5)
15 cos
2
x 7 cos x = 2
15 cos
2
x 7 cos x 2 = 0
(3 cos x 2)(5 cos x + 1) = 0
cos x =
2
3
or cos x =
1
5
When cos x =
2
3
,
basic = 48.19
x = 48.19, 311.81
When cos x =
1
5
,
basic = 78.46
x = 101.54, 258.46
x = 48.19, 101.54, 258.46, 311.81
Form 5: Chapter 16 (Trigonometric Functions)
SPM Practice
Fully Worked Solutions
Paper 1
68
6 tan x + 2 sin x = 0

sin x
cos x
+ 2 sin x = 0
sin x + 2 sin x cos x = 0
sin x (1 + 2 cos x) = 0
sin x = 0 or cos x =
1
2
When sin x = 0,
x = 0, 180, 360
When cos x =
1
2
,
basic = 60
x = 120, 240
x = 0, 120, 180, 240, 360
7

k
1
1 k
2
cosec 2 =
1
sin 2
=
1
2 sin cos
=
1
2k

1 k
2
8 tan
2
4 tan + 3 = 0
(tan 1)(tan 3) = 0
tan = 1 or tan = 3
= 45, 225 = 71.57, 251.57
= 45, 71.57, 225, 251.57
69
1 (a) LHS
= tan
x
2
+ cot
x
2
=

sin

x
2
cos

x
2

+

cos

x
2
sin

x
2
=

sin
2

x
2
+ cos
2

x
2
sin

x
2

cos

x
2
=

1
sin

x
2

cos

x
2
=

2
2 sin

x
2

cos

x
2
=
2
sin x
= 2 cosec x
= RHS
(b) (i)
This is a y = sin graph with
1
1
2

cycles because = 1
1
2

x.
x
O
1
1
2
2
y y = 2 sin x
y = x 2
3
2
3
2
2

(ii) sin
3
2
x =
3
4
x 1
2 sin
3
2
x =
3
2
x 2
The solutions to the equation
2 sin
3
2
x =
3
2
x 2 are given by the
x-coordinates of the intersection
points of the graphs of y = 2 sin
3
2
x
and y =
3
2
x 2.
Hence, the equation of the straight line
for solving the equation
sin
3
2
x =
3
4
x 1 is y =
3
2
x 2.

x 0 2
y 2 1
Number of solutions
= Number of intersection points
= 3
2 (a) The sketch of the graph of y = cos 2x for
0 x is as shown below:
O x

1
1
y
2 4
3
4
(b) 2 sin
2
x = 2
x

cos 2x = 1 2 sin
2
x
2 sin
2
x = 1 cos 2x
1 cos 2x = 2
x

cos 2x = 1
x

cos 2x =
x

1
The straight line that has to be drawn is
y =
x

1.
x 0
y 1 0
4
O x
1
1
y
y = cos 2x
y = 1
x

2
4
3
Paper 2
70
Hence, the number of solutions to the
equation 2 sin
2
x = 2
x

for 0 x
= Number of intersection points
= 2
3 (a) LHS = 2 cos
2
x + cosec
2
x cot
2
x
= 2 cos
2
x + 1
If cot
2
x + 1 = cosec
2
x,
then cosec
2
x cot
2
x = 1.
= (2 cos
2
x 1)
= cos 2x
= RHS
(b) (i) The sketch of the graph of
y = cos 2x is as shown below.
y = cos 2x
(2, )
2
O x
1
1
y
1
2
3
2
1
2
y =
1
2
x
2

(0, )
(ii) 2(2 cos
2
x + cosec
2
x cot
2
x) =
x

1
2(cos 2x) =
x

1
cos 2x =
x
2

1
2
The straight line that has to be
sketched is y =
x
2

1
2
.
x 0 2
y

1
2
1
2
Number of solutions
= Number of intersection points
= 4
4 (a), (b)
x O
1
2
2
y
y = |sin 2x|
y = 2 cos x
2

2
3
2
|sin 2x| + 2 cos x = 0
|sin 2x| = 2 cos x
Number of solutions
= Number of intersection points
= 2
5 (a), (b)
The graph of y = |3 sin 2x| is as shown below.
y
O
3
3
y = 3 x
3
y = |3 sin 2x|
2
x
2
3

2
1

3 |3 sin 2x| =
3

x
3
3

x = |3 sin 2x|
Therefore, the equation of the straight line
that should be drawn is y = 3
3

x.
x 0 2
y 3 3
Number of solutions
= Number of intersection points
= 4
71
6 (a) LHS =
2 cot x
2 cosec
2
x

=

2

cos x
sin x

2

1
sin
2
x
=

2

cos x
sin x

2 sin
2
x 1
sin
2
x
=
2 cos x
sin x


sin
2
x
(1 2 sin
2
x)
=
2 sin x cos x
(1 2 sin
2
x)
=
sin 2x
cos 2x
= tan 2x
= RHS
(b) (i), (ii)

4
3
2
1
4
1

y
O
x
(, 5)

5x
y =

2 cot x
2 cosec
2
x

5x

= 0
tan 2x
5x

= 0
tan 2x =
5x

Sketch the straight line y =

5x

.
Number of solutions = 3
7 (a) LHS = tan 2x(2 cos x sec x)
=
sin 2x
cos 2x

2 cos x
1
cos x

=
sin 2x
cos 2x

2 cos
2
x 1
cos x

=
sin 2x
cos 2x

cos 2x
cos x

=
sin 2x
cos x
=
2 sin x cos x
cos x
= 2 sin x
= RHS
(b) (i) The graph of y = 2 sin x is as shown
below.
(ii) tan 2x (2 cos x sec x) + x = 0
(2 sin x) + x = 0
2 sin x =
x

Sketch the straight line y =

x

.
x 0 2
y 0 1 2
Number of solutions
= Number of intersection points
= 3
O
y
x
y = 2 sin x
2
2
2
2
1

2
3

(2, 2)
2
2
2

2
3
2
x

y =
y = 2 sin x
x
y
O
x