SECTION 01 GROUP ASSIGNMENT ______________________________________________________________________________ TOPIC Research On Relationship Between Pavement Life And Traffic Noise
GROUP MEMBERS MOHD ARIFF BIN MOHD KAMAL CE087559 HIDAYAT BIN ACHMAD HANAFI CE087547 MOHD ZULKARNAEN BIN ZASNI CE087557 MUHAMMAD AL HAZIM BIN YUNUS CE091967 LECTURERS NAME Mrs. YEE CHIEW LING @ VIVIAN Introduction Nowadays, technologies are crucial in order to solve problem in our daily life. Human need to generate and produced more idea to develop more advance technology to simplify the problem. In order to generate the ideas, human need to exchanged or share their opinion with each other so that they can discuss a better way to develop the solutions. To achieve this objective, a connection has been created between places to places to help people gather in one place. Since people start to travel using vehicle, urge to create an advance asphalt highway are increasing. Highway or road pavements generally come in two types that is asphalt pavement and concrete pavement. Concrete pavement is mostly used for road surfaces, bridge decks, airfield runways and parking lots. It has been a significant and technical problem to improve the durability and to prolong the service life of concrete pavement in the world because it is directly exposed to the weather condition. It is also believed that to improve permeation-related durability of concrete, mineral admixtures and pozzolan are needed. Pozzolan is mainly used to improve the interfacial transition zone [9]. Previous researches on mixing nano-particles in cement-based building materials shows the inclusion of nano-particles modifies fresh and hardened state properties, even when it is differ from conventional mineral additions. Niloofar et al. investigated cement mortars with nano-SiO 2 and nano-Fe 2 O 2 to explore their super mechanical and smart (temperature and sensing) potentials. In addition, to improve the resistance of water penetration, nano-silica is used and also to control the leaching of calcium [9]. Pavement friction is a complex phenomenon and affected by many factors, including material, traffic, and environment. For example, pavement surface properties such as aggregate sizes, gradation, asphalt binder content, produce different macro- and micro-texture that attribute to the variation of friction at different speeds after cumulative traffic passing. It has been established that good micro-texture is important for pavement friction at low speeds and good macro-texture is more important at high speeds [1].
Previous research explained, when the water is on the road or pavement surface, it is covered by water film and act as a lubricant, which can reduce the contact between the tire and aggregate surface [3]. Wang et al. said most researcher agree that air temperature affects the flexible pavement because of tire rubber and the asphalt mixture are viscoelastic materials. The relation of viscoelastic modulus due to change of temperature will affect the contact mechanism at the tire-pavement surface. Colori et al. said to mitigate water runoff from the road is by applying full depth permeable for the road shoulders. In addition to provide the water quality benefits, Open Graded Friction Course (OGFC) overlays constructed over conventional impervious asphalt pavement. OGFC also works on noise reduction and increasing safety during rain events and also reduction of heat island effect [4]. When the pavement exposed to weather they faced surface fail. Commonly rutting and crack in asphalt pavement. Moriyoshi et al. said it was very difficult to construct a long life pavement. It is because severe damage like pat hole and stripping of aggregate occurred even after service in asphalt pavement. Even so, porous asphalt in Kyoto Jukan Expressway was reported by Kyoto Specification, it was maintenance free for fifteen years. This is because the crack pattern in Kyoto Jukan Expressway connected with properties of binder, type of crush stones and pavement structure and there were important factor for long life for porous asphalt. Ambient temperature on pavement surface was connected local rut depth in dense types mixtures [8]. To minimize the probability of recurring pavement failures, experiments of pavement failures become critical. The information gained can be used to identify the underlying cause of the problem, improve pavement design standards and construction practices, and develop an optimal rehabilitation strategy. For the repair of distresses in a pavement section on very weak and poor base and sub grade support with heavy truck traffic, a Full-Depth Repaired (FDR) service technique with two layers of steel reinforcements and tie/dowel bars to adjacent Jointed Concrete Pavement (JCP) was utilized [2]. Generally on pavement maintenance tends to focus on only one objective, optimizing maintenance cost while enforcing limit on performance criteria. It is important in many criteria involve tradeoff. Reliability is a measure of the probability of a pavement performing its intended function under a given set of conditions [3].
Liao et al. said a major source of traffic noise at high speed vehicle is tire/pavement noise. This is because of high frictional resistance of asphalt pavement. To mitigate this problem, it is reported that poro-elastic material and asphalt-rubber material is used. Previous researches shows noise level can reduce high frequency with higher air-void content while micro texture and International Roughness Index (IRI) increase noise levels at lower frequencies [6]. Researches across the world have showed a multitude of factors influencing tire-road noise such as pavement material type and properties and the main factor is viscoelastic property. The study also explained that Asphalt Rubber Friction Course (AKFC) mixes reduce tire- pavement noise because they act as an acoustic absorber due to the increase viscoelastic nature of the asphalt mix [4]. In construction of road, the safety factor must be the first thing to consider. Ibrahim et al. explained that safety is not directly included in the standards as a design parameter, and roads built in accordance to general design are often assumed to be safe which is not necessarily valid, and in situations where budget constraints limit the ability to meet design standards, the design guide offers little knowledge on the safety effects of deviating from standard requirements. Normally, highway safety can be optimizing by applying the most conservative geometric design standards. Limited resources and constraints due to physical, right-of-way and environmental features often restrict the highway designers ability to develop geometric designs that exceed minimum design standards. Such limits and constraints thus force designers to make critical design decisions that may deviate from these standards [5]. However, until now, it is still not well known about relative significance of tire-pavement surface that make noise with the pavement life. Same goes to the relation pavement surface characteristic and nose level. The materials or the chemical substance that is used in asphalt mixture must be good and give advantage in both, noise levels and long life the asphalt pavement. The best material, for example is nano-SiO 2 and nano-Fe 2 O 2.
Bibliography
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